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中国宇航员 太空飞行后心脏自主功能分析 Autonomic control after spaceflight 2005. Liexin Liu, Frank Beckers, Bart Verheyden, Kurt Couckuyt , André Aubert. Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology Univ. Hospital Gasthuisberg, & Interdisciplinary Center for Space Studies (ICSS), K.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Liexin Liu, Frank Beckers, Bart Verheyden, Kurt Couckuyt , André Aubert
中国宇航员太空飞行后心脏自主功能分析
Autonomic control after spaceflight 2005
Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniv. Hospital Gasthuisberg, & Interdisciplinary Centerfor Space Studies (ICSS), K.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Wan Hu (16th cent Ming Dynasty)He had a chair built with forty-seven rockets attached. On the day of lift-off, Wan, splendidly attired, climbed into his rocket chair and forty seven servants lit the fuses and then hastily ran for cover. There was a huge explosion. When the smoke cleared, Wan and the chair were gone. He was never seen again.
背景情况Background
Cardiovascular Adaptation & Deconditioning
Cardiovascular system resting - No effort for moving- No liquid transfer- No flow redistribution- No stimulation of 1G reflexes
When returning to 1G redistribution of flow towards brain less efficient risk for syncope
• Autonomic cardiovascular control before, during and after space flight– ECG and BP measurements– Respiration– Induce changes: head flexion
• Orthostatic intolerance – Stand test
Experiment science objectives
Simplified scheme
Brains
Heart ratecardiac outputBlood pressure
Parasympathetic(vagal)
sympathetic
+ -
Model of cardiovascular regulation
Neurocardiovasclar Regulation of Blood Pressure
BRAIN STEMsymp para
VASOMOTOR TONE HEART RATE
BLOOD PRESSURE
COTPR
arterial baroreceptors
n. vagus
SV
-
-+ + + (-)
+-
BAROREFLEX
()
Heart Rate VariabilityBlood Pressure Variability
Baroreflex Sensitivity
Model of cardiovascular variability
• Baroreceptor• Chemoreceptor• Atrial stretch receptors• Position (supine, standing)• Interventions:
– Respiration– Valsalve– Carotis massage– Stress (Gravity…)– …
HRV, BPV are influenced by:
HRV and BPV indices can be used to quantify autonomic cardiovascular modulation
从心电、血压到心率变异、血压变异及压力反射敏感性
From HR & BP to HRV, BPV & BRS
研究方法Method
Ground BDC’s / postflight
Experiment Hardware
• ECG (electrocardiogram)• BP (continuous blood pressure)• Respiration with pressure sensor
Parameters
816 848 784 832 864 800 704 976 880 768 800 944
120 117 115 120 122 119 119 120 115 109 113 115 112
( ms )
( mmHg )
Time
Heart Rate Variability & Blood Pressure Variability
BP(mmHg)
Time
HRVHRV BPVBPVBRSBRS
RR RR RR RR
ECG
HRV & BPV
分析方法Analysis
频域分析Frequency Analysis
FFT
HRV:
• Low Frequency power (LF) [0.04-0.15 Hz] ~ sympathetic modulation + BRS+ Vagal modulation
• High Frequency power (HF) [0.16-0.4 Hz] ~ vagal modulation
• Total power [0.0078-0.5 Hz] ~ global autonomic modulation
BPV:
• Low Frequency power (LF) [0.04-0.15 Hz] ~ sympathetic modulation
• High Frequency power (HF) [0.16-0.4 Hz] ~ mechanical effect of respiration
Tachogram & Systogram
• Calculation of the slope between dynamic HR responses to systolic BP changes: index of dynamic baroreflex sensitivity (BRS)– Sequence method: at least 3 sequences– Other methods: alpha method, statistical dependency, cross
correlation…770,0
440,8
500,0
550,0
600,0
650,0
700,0
151,893,8 100,0 105,0 110,0 115,0 120,0 125,0 130,0 135,0 140,0 145,0
RR
BP
Algorithms to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic function - Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS)
Heart Rate (ESA)
5245535555N =
R+25R+19R+15R+9R+4R+2R+1FD 8FD 5L-30
HF
Pow
er
(ms²)
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
5245535555N =
R+25R+19R+15R+9R+4R+2R+1FD 8FD 5L-30
LF
Po
we
r (m
s²)
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Sympathetic modulationSympathetic modulation Vagal modulationVagal modulation
Beckers et al. J Gravit Phys, 2003
Results HRV standing
5245535554N =
R+25R+19R+15R+9R+4R+2R+1FD 8FD 5L-30
BR
S (
ms/
mm
Hg) 16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
Baroreflex sensitivity
中国航天员研究Chinese Astronauts Study 2005
Putting offEquipment
Putting onEquipment
supine
standing
sitting Check cables, check signals
BASELINE
10 min
FREQ_1 FREQ_2
5 min 5 min
BASELINE FREQ_1
10 min
FREQ_2
5 min 5 min
FLEXION
1 min
Freq1 : 5 seconds breathing in – 5 seconds breathing out
Freq2 : 3 seconds breathing in – 3 seconds breathing out
Rec
ord
ing
1R
eco
rdin
g 2
China experimental protocol
结果Result
心率变异HRV
HR
Supine: heart rate decreases, stabilized at R+7
Standing: heart rate remains similar
Astronaut 1 Base
405060708090
100
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
HR
(bea
t/min
)
Stand
Supine
Astronaut 2 Base
405060708090
100
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
HR
(bea
t/min
)Stand
Supine
-23% -12%
LFSupine: increase post-flight with stabilization at R+7
Astronaut 1 Base
0500
10001500200025003000
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
LF p
ower Supine
Stand
Astronaut 2 Base
0500
10001500200025003000
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
LF p
ower Supine
Stand
+312% -6%
LF%
Astronaut 1 Base
0
50
100
150
200
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
LF% Supine
Stand
Astronaut 2 Base
0
50
100
150
200
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
LF% Supine
Stand
-13% -27%
Supine: small decrease, but most likely not significant
HF
Supine: increase postflight with stabilization at R+7
Astronaut 1 Base
0
400
800
1200
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
HF
pow
er Supine
Stand
Astronau 2 Base
0
400
800
1200
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
HF
pow
er Supine
Stand
+218% +145%
HF%
Astronaut 1 Base
0
10
20
30
40
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
HF%
Supine
Stand
Astronaut 2 Base
0
10
2030
40
50
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
HF%
Supine
Stand
-33% +90%
HF% shows contrasting evolution between astronauts
LF/HF
Astronaut 1 Base
0
10
2030
40
50
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
LF/H
F Supine
Stand
Astronaut 2 Base
0
10
20
30
40
50
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
LF/H
F Supine
Stand
+30% -62%
Stable post-flight (high percentages due to low values)
血压变异BPV
BP
Astronaut 1 Base
0
60
120
180
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
BP
(mm
Hg)
Stand
Supine
Astronaut 2 Base
0
60
120
180
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
BP
(mm
Hg)
Stand
Supine
After space flight, in both astronauts SBP had no obvious alteration at supine position, as well as at stand position.
-1% +27%
LF
Astronaut 1 Base
0
60
120
180
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
LF p
ower Stand
Supine
Astronaut 2 Base
0
60
120
180
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
LF p
ower Stand
Supine
Supine: increase immediately post-flight, but rather fast normalization
+104% +340%
压力反射敏感性BRS
BRS
Astronaut 1 Base
0
6
12
18
24
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
BR
S Supine
Stand
Astronaut 2 Base
0
6
12
18
24
21dbeforeflight
2d afterflight
3d afterflight
5d afterflight
7d afterflight
9d afterflight
Flight Date
BR
S Supine
Stand
+44% -12%
Rather stable evolution post-flight
Results:
• In the Chinese group there was no difference in pre- and post-flight HRV parameters
• Similar differences after 10 day flights of ESA and Russian cosmonauts were between 13% and 54%.
• No evolution until R+9. • Similar behavior was observed for BPV
parameters.
结论Conclusion
Conclusion:
• No significant differences were found between pre and post flight in the Chinese group in contrast to the ESA/Russian group
• No evolution post-flight until R+9 in the Chinese group
• This different behavior could be due to specific training methods and/or nutrition methods?
初步结果:
• 在短期航天飞行后,中国宇航员的心血管自主神经功能变化情况与俄罗斯宇航员、欧洲宇航员存在着明显的差异。
• 中国宇航员经过 5天的短期太空飞行返回地面后,心率、血压稳定;迷走神经张力有一过性升高。
可能因素:
• 太空飞行时间短。目前欧洲、美国的短期载人航天飞行一般都在 10天左右。以前的研究结果大多数都是建立在这个时间基础上的。
• 训练水平高。也许因为中国航天员的训练方法更加有效。
• 药物因素。太空飞行结束后,服用中药可能对航天员的心血管功能恢复有帮助。
• 基因差异。
相关问题:
• 返回 10天之后,是否还继续监测心电图和血压情况?情况怎样?
• 杨利伟的飞行时间更短,是否可以做一参照,对其血压、心率及心脏自主神经功能进行回顾性的研究?
• 两名航天员的飞行前后体重情况?• 应对另外 4个航天员的基础检测数据进行参照分析,已得到基础情况,以便进行统计学分析。