Lightweight Information Describing Objects · Lightweight Information Describing Objects Regine Stein [email protected] Deutsches Dokumentationszentrum für Kunstgeschichte –

eine praktische Einführung in die Zusammenführung von

Sammlungsdaten in Portalen

Lightweight Information Describing Objects

Regine [email protected]

Deutsches Dokumentationszentrum für Kunstgeschichte – Bildarchiv Foto Marburg

Axel [email protected]

digiCULT Verbund e.G.

Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, Braunschweig, 16.03.2011

1. Introduction

2. LIDO – Lightweight Information Describing Objects:

Contributing Content to Cultural Heritage Repositories

3. Mapping Overview

4. Mapping Data to LIDO with Mint Tool

5. Mapping Example

6. Mapping Exercises

7. The broad view standards

Workshop Agenda

1. Introduction



3. Mapping Overview


5. Mapping Example



Workshop Agenda

Collection Management

Systems:

Adlib, APS,

digiCULT.DokBase,

digiCULT.web, easyDB,

Faust, First Rumos, Gallery

Systems, GOS, Hida,

Imdas, MuseumPlus, …

Union Catalogues and

Portals

BAM, Bildindex, museum-

digital, Museumsportal

Nord, Museumsportal

Saarland, ...

DDB

Europeana

LIDO

(museumdat)

LIDO

(museumdat)

Why a standard format for contributing

content?

Communication between

cataloguers

and builders of

cultural heritage systems

Why a standard format for contributing content?

• Increasing relevance of internet presence for museums and other collections

• Increasing necessity to integrate your data into union catalogues and portals: facilitate resource discovery in a cross-collection and even cross-sectoral (archives, libraries, museums) manner

• Increasing requests to make your information available for theSemantic Web / Linked Data initiatives

Introduction

The broad view standards

Wikipedia - Anjeve, Richard Cyganiak

• It’s all about

– creating a consistent information base

– making your information understandable outside of your collection database / your home context!

• Need for convenient instruments to provide cultural collection information

– from different collections / object classes

– from different data structures

– from different software systems

Introduction


• There are different layers to be considered

– Publication / Exchange Protocols

– Data Structure Standards

– Data Content Standards

– Data Value Standards

Introduction


http

OAI-PMH…Publication / Exchange Protocols

CDWA, Spectrum

�CDWA Lite, museumdat,

Spectrum XML, LIDO

Data Structure Standards

�Data Format as XML Schema (or possibly

as RDF Schema)

CIDOC-CRM as

reference

model

CCO Data Content Standards

GND, AAT, Iconclass,

LCSH, ULAN, TGN…

�SKOS, FOAF

Data Value Standards

�Data Format as XML Schema / RDF

Schema

Introduction


CIDOC-CRM / ISO 21127 in less than a nutshell…

• Developed within CIDOC, the Documentation

Committee of the International Council of Museums

(ICOM)

• Is a formal domain ontology for cultural heritage

information:

− Describes the things that the cultural heritage

sector deals with and how these things relate to

each other

− Expressed as an “object-oriented” schema


Reference: CIDOC-CRM / ISO 21127

Example CRM

E22 Man Made

Object

„Kragenflasche“

E12

Production

P108 was produced by

E52

Time Span

P79 beginning

is qualified by E62 String

„-4000“

P4 has time-span

E62 String

„-2800“

P2 has type

E4

Period

P10 falls within

E55 Type

„Neolithic“

P80 end

is qualified by



CIDOC-CRM / ISO 21127 in less than a nutshell…

• Establishs a conceptual basis for integration and

access to cultural heritage information: „semantic glue“



MODSMODS

EADEAD

LIDOLIDO

CRMCRM

When Where

WhatWho

Events



From CDWA Lite to museumdat to LIDO:

LIDO is the result of a joint effort of the CDWA Lite,

museumdat, and Spectrum communities to establish one

common, single schema, based on:

• Experiences and feedback from practical implementation

and use of CDWA Lite and museumdat

• Further CIDOC-CRM analysis

• Requirements of SPECTRUM aimed at content delivery

for publication


Contributing Content

• cdwalite-xsd-public-v1-1.xsd

• museumdat-v1.0.xsd

• spectrum-3.1.xsd

2008-2010:

LIDO v1.0



“ICOMs International Committee for Documentation, provides the museum community with advice on good practice and developments in museum documentation.”

CIDOC 2009: Implementation of the new CIDOC Working Group „Data harvesting and interchange“

CIDOC 2010 (7.-12. November): Release of LIDO v1.0 as common, single schema for contributing content to cultural heritage repositories



www.lido-schema.org

Lightweight Information Describing Objects

1. Introduction



3. Mapping Overview

4. Mapping Example




Workshop Agenda

Zoological Museums

Archaeological Museums

Botanical Gardens

Computer Collections

Geological and Mineralogical

Museums

Medical and Pharmaceutical

Collections

Museums of Cultural History

Museums of Fire Fighting

Theatre History Collections

Art Museums

Purpose

Why

XML Schema for Contributing Content to

Cultural Heritage Repositories

• For delivering metadata, for use in a variety of online

services, from an organization’s online collections

database to portals of aggregated resources – as well

as exposing, sharing and connecting data on the web.

• Intended to represent the full range of descriptive

information about museum objects, e.g. art, cultural,

technology and natural science.

• It supports multilingual environments.

Purpose

What it is

LIDO is NOT

• A fully developed data exchange format.

• A format designed for proper cataloging – it is not

intended to be used as a basis for a collection

management system or to support loan and acquisition

activities.

Purpose

What it is NOT

• Provide a specification and related XML schema that

describes cultural materials appropiately

• Individual data providers can decide on how light – or

how rich – they want their contributed metadata records

to be

• Allow for delivering data and resources / digital

surrogates relating to your objects

• Include links from contributed metadata back to records

in their 'home' context

Schema Design

Construction Principles

Cont.:

• Allow for delivery of full information: a record can include

all the necessary information for display and retrieval of

your object

• Allow for identification of each referenced entity, e.g.

provide references to controlled vocabulary and authority

files.

• Provide optimised metadata for retrieval on one hand

and for display on the other -> distinction of display and

indexing elements

Schema Design

Construction Principles

Descriptive and administrative information groups in LIDO

-Events –

Event Set

-Relations –

Subject Set

Related Works

-Administrative Metadata –

Rights

Record (mandatory)

Resource

- Object Classifications –

Object / Work Type (mandatory)

Classification

-Object Identifications –

Title / Name (mandatory)

Inscriptions

Repository / Location

State / Edition

Object Description

Measurements

Schema Design

Groups of Information

-Events –

Event Set

-Relations –

Subject Set

Related Works


Rights

Record (mandatory)

Resource



Classification



Inscriptions


State / Edition

Object Description

Measurements

Schema Design

Mandatory elements

xml:lang on high-level

element descriptiveMetadata

Full support of multilinguality - Example

Material

Ton@de

clay@en

Schema Design

Multilinguality

…

<lido:classification type=„Style“>

<lido:conceptID lido:type="URL">http://digicult.vocnet.org/style/601.46</lido:conceptID>

<lido:term xml:lang="de">Gotik</lido:term>

</lido:classification>

…

LIDO-XML

Index

- Gothic style

- Gotik

- Trecento

SKOS RDF

over Webservice

<skos:Concept rdf:about=" http://digicult.vocnet.org/style/601.46">

<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">Gothic style</skos:prefLabel>

<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="de">Gotik</skos:prefLabel>

<skos:altLabel xml:lang=„de">Trecento</skos:altLabel>

<skos:broader rdf:resource=" http://digicult.vocnet.org/style/601.45"/>

</skos:Concept>

Portalmetadata

enrichment

Using Webservice / REST / SRU:

http://digicult.vocnet.org/style/601.46

[or lexical value „Gotik“ in the

concept scheme „Style“]

Schema Design

References to Controlled Vocabulary

Display and Index elements – basic structure:

xxxWrap (0-1)

xxxSet (0-unbounded)

displayXXX (0-unbounded) (for language variants only)

XXX (0-1)

e.g.

objectMeasurementsWrap

objectMeasurementsSet

displayObjectMeasurements

objectMeasurements

Schema Design

Display <> Index

1. Introduction



3. Mapping Overview

4. Mapping Example




Workshop Agenda

-Events –

Event Set

-Relations –

Subject Set

Related Works


Rights

Record (mandatory)

Resource



Classification



Inscriptions


State / Edition

Object Description

Measurements

Structure

Object Classification

Structure


objectWorkType: Mineral

classification: Malachit

type: Mineral systematic

classification: Azurit


Systematik:

-Events –

Event Set

-Relations –

Subject Set

Related Works


Rights

Record (mandatory)

Resource



Classification



Inscriptions


State / Edition

Object Description

Measurements

Structure

Object Identification

Structure


objectWorkType: Mineral

classification: Malachit


classification: Azurit


title: Mineral

type: object name

Systematik:

mandatory

Structure


objectWorkType: Gemälde

title: „Hohe Wogen“

pref: preferred

objectDescriptionSet

type: Object history

descriptiveNote: „Wie alle reinen

Meeresbilder ...“


displayObjectMeasurements: H: 67 cm, B: 87 cm

objectMeasurements

measurementsSet

measurementType: height

measurementUnit: cm

measurementValue: 67

measurementsSet

measurementType: width

measurementUnit: cm


objectWorkType: Gemälde

repository

repositoryType: current

repositoryName:

legalBodyID http://d-nb.info/gnd/2166186-8

legalBodyName Museumsberg Flensburg

workID: 23214

type: Inventarnummer

repositoryLocation: House 1, Room Nr. 5

isPartOf Museumsberg

isPartOf Flensburg

Designation and

unambiguous

identification of the

institution of custody

exact Location

Structure


No artist? No creation date? No finding place?

Museum objects may relate to any actor, date, or place in

two ways:

• The object was present at an event (such as creation,

find, use, …)

- having participants / carried out by some actors

- at some time

- in some place

or

• The object refers to such entity by

- depicting it

- „being about“

Structure

Event <> Subject

-Events –

Event Set

-Relations –

Subject Set

Related Works


Rights

Record (mandatory)

Resource



Classification



Inscriptions


State / Edition

Object Description

Measurements

Structure

Event

37

−Event Identifier

−Event Type

−Role in Event

−Event Name

−Event Actor

−Culture

−Event Date

−Period

−Event Place

−Event Method

−Materials / Technique

−Thing Present

−Event Related

−Event Description

Event

38

−Event Identifier

−Event Type

−Role in Event

−Event Name

−Event Actor

−Culture

−Event Date

−Period

−Event Place

−Event Method


−Thing Present

−Event Related


Event

objectWorkType: Schlosspark

title: Schlosspark Nymphenburg

event

eventType Herstellung / Creation

eventActor

displayActorInRole unknown

eventDate

displayDate ab 1664

date

earliestDate 1664

latestDate 1664

eventPlace

place

namePlace München - Nymphenburg

39

−Event Identifier

−Event Type

−Role in Event

−Event Name

−Event Actor

−Culture

−Event Date

−Period

−Event Place

−Event Method


−Thing Present

−Event Related




event

eventType Erweiterung / Part Addition

eventActor

displayActorInRole Charles Carbonet (1701?-1715)

actorInRole

actor

nameActor Carbonet, Charles

roleActor Gartenarchitekt

eventDate

earliestDate 1702

latestDate 1702

eventPlace

place


Event

40

−Event Identifier

−Event Type

−Role in Event

−Event Name

−Event Actor

−Culture

−Event Date

−Period

−Event Place

−Event Method


−Thing Present

−Event Related




event

eventType Umgestaltung / Modification

eventActor

displayActorInRole Friedrich L. von Sckell

actorInRole

actor

nameActor Sckell, Friedrich Ludwig von

roleActor Gartenarchitekt

eventDate

earliestDate 1799

latestDate 1823

eventPlace

place


Event

objectWorkType: Kragenflasche

event

eventType Production

culture Trichterbecherkultur

eventDate

earliestDate -4000

latestDate -2800

periodName Neolithikum

eventMaterialsTech

materialsTech

termMaterialsTech Ton

Structure

Event

objectWorkType: Kragenflasche

event

eventType Find

eventPlace

place

namePlace HH-Ohlsdorf

partOfPlace

namePlace Hamburg

Structure

Event

Structure

Event

Acquisition

Collecting

Commissioning

Creation

Designing

Destruction

Excavation

Exhibition

Finding

Loss

Modification

Move

Part addition

Part removal

Performance

Planning

Production

Provenance

Publication

Restoration

Transformation

Type assignment

Type creation

Use

Basic Event Types include:

-Events –

Event Set

-Relations –

Subject Set

Related Works


Rights

Record (mandatory)

Resource



Classification



Inscriptions


State / Edition

Object Description

Measurements

Structure

Subject / Content

45

−Extent Subject

−Subject Concept

−Subject Actor

−Subject Date

−Subject Place

−Subject Event

−Subject Object

Structure

Subject / Content

46

Holzschnitt/Woodcut:

Bildnis des Johann Aventinus

creator: Hans Sebald Lautensack -> Event

depicted Person: Johann Aventius -> Subject Actor

Structure

Subject / Content

47

−Extent Subject

−Subject Concept

−Subject Actor

−Subject Date

−Subject Place

−Subject Event

−Subject Object

objectWorkType: Druck

subject

subjectActor

displayActor

Johannes Aventinus

actor

actorID

type URL

source GND

http://d-nb.info/gnd/11850522X

nameActor

pref preferred

Aventinus, Johannes

nameActor

pref alternate

Thurmair, Johannes

nameActor

pref alternate

…

vitalDatesActor 1477-1534

Structure

Subject / Content

48

Subject

−Extent Subject

−Subject Concept

−Subject Actor

−Subject Date

−Subject Place

−Subject Event

−Subject Object

objectWorkType: Druck

subject

subjectActor

displayActor

Johannes Aventinus

actor

actorID

type URL

source GND

http://d-nb.info/gnd/11850522X

nameActor

pref preferred

Aventinus, Johannes

nameActor

pref alternate

Thurmair, Johannes

nameActor

pref alternate

…


Structure

Subject / Content

Allows for full content description of event photographs

49

objectWorkType: Photography

title Yalta summit in 1945 with Winston Churchill,

Franklin Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin

subject

subjectEvent

event

eventType Activity

eventName Yalta conference

eventActor

nameActor Churchill, Winston

eventActor

nameActor Roosevelt, Franklin D.

eventActor

nameActor Stalin, Joseph

eventDate

earliestDate 1945

latestDate 1945

eventPlace

namePlace Yalta

Structure

Subject / Content

-Events –

Event Set

-Relations –

Subject Set

Related Works


Rights

Record (mandatory)

Resource



Classification



Inscriptions


State / Edition

Object Description

Measurements

Structure

Administrative Metadata

Structure

Administrative Metadata

1. Introduction



3. Mapping Overview


5. Mapping Example



Workshop Agenda

1. Introduction



3. Mapping Overview


5. Mapping Example



Workshop Agenda

http://www.museen-sh.de/ml/digi_einzBild.php?pi=1301_EB%201942,898

-Events –

Event Set

-Relations –

Subject Set

Related Works


Rights

Record (mandatory)

Resource



Classification



Inscriptions


State / Edition

Object Description

Measurements

Structure



objectWorkType: Aquarell

http://www.lido-schema.org/schema/v1.0/lido-v1.0-

specification.pdf

Bezeichnung, die einen spezifischen Objekt-

oder Werktyp identifiziert. Das Element hat

Schlagwortcharakter und sollte sich auf

fachwissenschaftliche Terminologien

beziehen. Es ist wiederholbar, um alle oder

die wichtigsten Schwerpunkte einer

Sammlung identifizieren zu können.


classification: Zeichnung / Grafik

type: Hessische Systematik / subject group

[a theoretical possibility]

Ein Begriff, der ein Objekt in einem größeren

Kontext kategorisiert. Diese Kategorie

entstammt einer Systematik, die Objekte mit

ähnlichen Charakteristika nach einheitlichen

Gesichtspunkten gruppiert. Diese

Gruppierung / Systematisierung kann nach

Materialien, Form, Funktion, Herkunft,

zeitlicher / stilistischer Einordnung, nach

kulturellem Kontext usw. vorgenommen

werden. Zusätzlich zur sachsystematischen

Einordnung können auch organisatorische

Einteilungen innerhalb des Museums

angegeben werden (z.B. der hausinternen

Sammlungsstruktur). Wenn ein Objekt

mehreren Klassifizierungen zugeordnet wird,

wiederholen Sie das Element.


title

Ruine der Petri-Kirche nach Sprengung

des südwestlichen Seitenschiffendes

inscription

type Signatur

inscriptionTranscription

C. Laeisz.

inscriptionDescription

type: Beschreibung

descriptiveNoteValue:

unten rechts: "C. Laeisz.", handgeschrieben


repository

repositoryType: current

repositoryName:

legalBodyID DE-MUS-059814

type: ISIL

legalBodyName hamburgmuseum /

Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte

legalBodyWeblink

http://www.hamburgmuseum.de/

workID: EB 1942,898

type: Inventarnummer

repositoryLocation: House 1, Room Nr. 5

ISIL: International Standard Identifier for

Libraries and Related Organizations (ISO 15511)

http://sigel.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/isil.html


objectDescriptionSet

type: Beschreibung

descriptiveNoteValue

Blick von Südwesten vom Berg aus nach

Sprengung des südwestlichen

Seitenschiffendes….



displayObjectMeasurements:

Passepartoutmaß: 45 x 63,5 cm

objectMeasurements

measurementsSet

measurementType: height

measurementUnit: cm


measurementsSet

measurementType: width

measurementUnit: cm

measurementValue: 63,5

extentMeasurements

Passepartoutmaß



displayObjectMeasurements:

Passepartoutmaß: 45 x 63,5 cm

Passepartoutmaß: 48 x 64 cm

Bild-gleich Blattmaß: 26,2 x 37,2 cm

EB 1942,898

Erläuterung: Annäherungsweise, Sichtmaß,

Maximum, Durchschnitt, variabel, vor

Restaurierung, mit Rahmen, mit Sockel

Objektteil

Format: Vignette, VHS, IMAX, DOS

Form

Deeper look

Measurement

Maßstab

Event

Event Identifier

Event Type

Role in Event

Event Name

Event Actor

Culture

Event Date

Period

Event Place

Event Method

Materials / Technique

Thing Present

Event Related

Event Description

Event

event Type HerstellungeventActor

displayActorInRole Carl Martin Laeisz

actorInRole

actor

actorID

http://d-nb.info/gnd/130684104

type URI

source GND

actorID

http://www.getty.edu?/.../ulan=500081325

type URL

source ULAN

nameActor Laeisz, Carl Martin

pref: preferred

nameActor Laeisz, Karl

pref: alternative

source: ULAN

nationalityActor Deutschland


roleActor Maler/in

Event

Event

Event

swd:7529144-7 sameAs gnd:130684104

Event

eventDate

displayDate 1842 vermutlich

date

earliestDate 1842

latestDate 1842

eventPlace

place

placeID

http://www.getty.edu/../subjectid=7005289

type URL

source TGN

namePlace Hamburg

Event

Event

eventMaterialsTech

displayMaterialsTech

Material: Papier, nicht deckende Wasserfarbe

Technik: Aquarell

materialsTech

termMaterialsTech

type material

term Papier

termMaterialsTech

type technique

term Aquarell

Relation

subjectSet

subject

type Ikonographie

subjectConcept

conceptID

48C149

type local

source Iconclass

term@de Ruine eines Gebäudes

term@en ruin of a building

Relation

subjectSet

subject

subjectEvent

event

eventType Katastrophe

eventName Der grosse Hamburger Brand

eventDate

earliestDate 1842-05-05

latestDate 1842-05-08

eventPlace

namePlace Hamburg

eventDescriptionSet

type: Beschreibung

descriptiveNoteID

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger_Brand

type: URI

source: wikipedia

descriptiveNoteValue:

Der Hamburger Brand war ein großer

Stadtbrand in Hamburg, der zwischen

dem 5. Mai und dem 8. Mai 1842….

sourceDescriptiveNote wikipedia

Relation

relatedWorkSet

relatedWork

displayObject

Laeisz, Zeichnung, 1842 vermutlich

objekt

objectID

1301_EB 1942,897

type local

relatedWorkRelType relatedTo

Relation

relatedWorkSet

relatedWork

displayObject

Horbas, Claudia / Pelc, Ortwin (Hrsg.):

Hamburg. Es brannte an allen Ecken zugleich.

Hamburg 1842.

objekt

objectID 3804211143

type ISBN

relatedWorkRelType refersTo

ISBN

3804211143

Rights Work

No copyright - Gemeinfrei

rightsType: copyright, publication right, data

protection right, trademark, …

Deeper look

rightsWork

Record

recordID 2342

type local

recordType single object

recordSource


type: ISIL



legalBodyWeblink


recordRights

rightsHolder


type: ISIL



legalBodyWeblink


recordInfoSet

recordInfoLink

http://www.museen-sh.de/ml/digi_einzBild.php?pi=1301_EB%201942,898

Resource

resourceSet

resourceID 984

type local

resourceRepresentation

type image_overview

linkResource

http://www.museen-nord.de/bilder/.../1942,898-Vorschaubild.jpg

resourceMeasurementsSet

measurementType width

measurementUnit pixel

measurementValue 600

resourceMeasurementsSet

measurementType height

measurementUnit pixel

measurementValue 432

resourceType digital image

rightsResource

rightsHolder



1. Introduction



3. Mapping Overview


5. Mapping Example



Workshop Agenda

• Mapping Deutsches Sport & Olympia Museumhttp://archiv.sportmuseum.info/highlights/werbeplakat-%CE%B9-

olympische-winterspiele-1924-chamonix/

• Mit dem Mint-Tool der National Technical University

of Athens

http://oreo.image.ntua.gr:8080/cidoc/Login_input.action

Mappingtool: Workflow

1. Introduction



3. Mapping Overview


5. Mapping Example



Workshop Agenda

SPECTRUM

• is the UK and international standard for Collections

Management. It consists of two main sections:

− Procedures

− Information requirements

• SPECTRUM XML Schema provides a standard format

for exchanging object records between different

collections management systems.

� Its objective is the whole world of museum

documentation and collection management.


Data Content and Structure

Cataloguing Cultural Objects

• Developed within a project of the VRA:

− is a manual for describing, documenting, and

cataloguing cultural works and their visual

surrogates.

− intends to inform the decision making processes of

cataloguers and builders of cultural heritage

systems.

− employs generic concepts that can be used with

any metadata element sets. E.g. used in the

MARC/AACR world of The Morgan Library and

Museum New York

• See the “Ten Key Principles of CCO”


Data Content

Categories for the Description of Works of Art

• CDWA describes the content of art databases by

articulating a conceptual framework for describing and

accessing information about works of art, architecture,

other material culture, groups and collections of works,

and related images. It includes 532 categories and

subcategories.

• CDWA Lite is an XML schema to describe core

records for works of art and material culture based on

CDWA and CCO. CDWA Lite records are intended for

contribution to union catalogs and other repositories

using the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) harvesting

protocol.


Data Structure

Why not just use Dublin Core?

• Dublin Core, currently the preferred schema for lots of

repositories and especially for OAI harvesting, was

designed for Web resource discovery.

• It is not appropriate for describing cultural materials

because:

– its elements are broad and generic, usable for describing a wide

range of resources

– but are not able to capture in a meaningful manner the

semantics of cultural heritage information

– instead DC encourages mix-up of semantically different

information in same elements

� Unsatisfying retrieval results!




Challenges I:

•CDWA Lite is very much focused on fine arts: it‘s starting

point was eventually delivering metadata from an art

collection (the Getty museum) to a digital library on art

(ARTstor)

•Need of a format that covers object data of manifold

provenance such as cultural history, natural history, history

of technology …




Challenges II:

•CDWA Lite is very much focused on north american data

standards:

– CDWA as data structure standard

– AAT, TGN, ULAN as data value standards

– CCO as data content standard

•Need of generalizing the scope for further standards and

other languages




WG Data exchange, German Museum Association:

•Event-oriented approach of CIDOC-CRM allows for

generalizing the format for use with various object data

•CIDOC-CRM as ISO standard (ISO 21127) is the

reference model – a standard metadata format should be

CRM compliant

�museumdat is a reconfiguration of CDWA Lite based

on CIDOC-CRM analysis



Documents

Lightweight Information Describing Objects · Lightweight Information Describing Objects Regine Stein [email protected] Deutsches Dokumentationszentrum für Kunstgeschichte –