Lkscf;,a ''' mshigyka ''' iy msßmyÿj

CEYLON PETROLEUM CORPORATION - 1961—1961 wxl 28 ork md¾,sfïka;= mk;˜ u`.ska ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj ìysúh

1890 jif¾ Lkscf;,a Ndú;h N+ñf;,a (Kerosene) úÿ,s ckl hka;% u.ska úÿ,s W;amdokh i|yd

fld<U ì%iag,a ùÈfha ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a § (Billiard Room of Bristol Hotel) uq,skau jd¾;dfõ'

fojkqj 1895 § ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a (By Messrs Boustead Bros) l=vd úÿ,s n,d.drhla bÈlrk

,§' bkamiq 1902 j¾Ifha isg jdyk (Auto Mobile) Ndú;h bx.%Sis cd;slhka úiska wdrïN lsÍu;a

iu`. Lkscf;,a wdkhkh lEkaa iy ner,a u.ska wdkhkh lr fnodyeÍu isÿ ù we;'

YS% ,xldfõ Lksc f;,a jHdmdrfha uQ,slhka

fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

tAIshála fmfg%da,shï iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u'

fI,a iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

fI,a lïmeks T*a isf,daka

fudì,a ^iagekajEla&

tfida iud.u

le,afglaia iud.u

1956 § mej;s rch" ;%sl=Kdu,h Ök jrdfha bkaOk .nvd lsÍug ì%;dkHhka úiska f.dvk.d

;snQ gexls 101 lska hq;= gexls ixlS¾Kh cki;= lsÍug mshjr .kakd ,§' ta i|yd YS% ,xldfõ

rch úiska ì%;dkH rchg mjqï 250"000 l uqo,la f.jk ,§'

Bg wu;rj gexls 5 la fldf,dkakdj l,dm wxl 1 yS mej;s w;r" tajd Ndú;d lrk ,oafoa f;,a iud.ï úisks'

1957 § úfoaYSh iud.ï uÕska msßmyÿjla f.dvke.Su i|yd fhdackd bÈßm;a l<o rch th m%;sfCIam lrk ,§'

1958 § f;,a iud.u cki;= lrk f,i f;,a fiajlhka úiska jev j¾ckhla mj;ajk ,§'

bkamiq mshjfrka mshjr ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dfõ wNsjDoaêh mk; i|yka f,i jd¾;d ù we;'

1962 wfm%a,a 26 osk ,xldj ;=< Lksc f;,a wf,úh i|yd ;r`.ldÍj iyNd.s ùug fnÿïm,j,a mjrd .ekSfï ;SrKh l%shd;aul lsÍu'

1962 ud¾;= 14 Èk ˜ whsfkdfjda ˜ keu;s kefjka ksIamdÈ; Lksc f;,a" reishdfõ isg fld<U jrdhg f.k tau'

1962 wfm%a,a 28 fldf<dkakdfõ isg gexlsr: yd ÿïßh u.ska f;,a fnodyeÍu wdrïN lsÍu'

1964 wfm%a,a 01 Ök jrdh f;,a hka;%ia:dkh ixia:djg mjrd .ekSu'

Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj ìysù jir jir 2 lg miq 1963 wxl 5 orK mk; uÕska msßmyÿlrKhg iy .fõIKhg wjir ,enqKq w;r" tuÕska 25] la muK úfoaY úksuh b;sß lr.; yels njg ikd: úh'

1960

- 19

02

Lksc f;,a msßmyÿ ilH;d wOHkh i|yd m%xYfha "Francais due Petrol" wdh;kh m;alrk ,§'

1963 mkf;a wxl 5 orK ixfYdaOkh uÕska msßmyÿlrKh iy .fõIKh i|yd wêldÍ;a-jh ,enqKs'

m%xYfha "Francais" wdh;kh úiska Èklg ner,a 38"000 l msßmyÿ Odß;djhlska hqla; msßmyÿjla ;ekSug ks¾foaY lrk ,§'

1967 § "Snam Proggetti", "Italy" we;=¨ ;j;a iud.ï 2 la úiska fgkav¾ bÈßm;a lrk ,§' "Snam Proggetti" wdh;kh fgkavrh i|yd f;drd.kakd ,§'

1967 uehs ui 07 jk Èk msßmyÿjg uq,a., ;nk ,§'

1968 j¾Ifha 4jk ld¾;=fõ§ 50 fofkl=f.ka hqla; ;dCIKsl iylrejka lKavdhula meñKshy'

1969 uehs 15 jk od "Verisella" kï fk!ld-fjys fndrf;,a f.kajd msßmyÿ gexls wx.khg fmdïm lrk ,§'

1969 uehs 25 jk od msßmyÿfõ úÿ,s n,d.drh l%shdlrjqï wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 5 jk Èk msßmyÿ fndrf;,a ixirKh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 6 jk Èk W÷ka iy oe,a, o,ajk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 07 Èk msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a wdijk l=¨kg fndrf;,a fhduqfldg ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 1 jk Èk jk úg msßmyÿfõ ish¨ ksIamdok tallhkaf.a ia:djrNdjh ;yjqre lrk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ks, iudrïNh 1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 12 jk Èk mj;ajk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN l< úfoaYSh ;dCIKsl iyldr lKavdhu úiska 1972 ckjdß 09 jk Èk Y%S ,xlsl l<ukdldÍ;ajhla fj; msßmyÿj Ndr lrk ,§'

úfoaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fykaß f,ó - msßmyÿ l,ukdldrW.H. fudiag¾Ü - fcHIaG ld¾ñl bxcsfkareR.N.n¾iaud - fufyhqï l<ukdldrL. jekav¾iaÆÜ - úÿ,s bxcsfkareJ.H. we,an¾Üia - mqyqKqlsrSï lsrSï yd ixj¾Ok m%OdksN. iafgd*afldm¾ - bxcsfkare mrSlaIlG. Ylauka - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,OdrsA.M. cka.a,Eka.¾ - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,Odrs

Lksc f;,a ''''''''''

f,dalfha n, Yla;s wjYH;dj imqrk m%Odk n, Yla;s m%Njhls th wo jk úg f,dalfha iudc

wd¾Ól fukau foaYmd,k lafIa;%hkag mjd iDcqj n,mEï lrkakg iu;a idOlhlaj mj;S'

fudkjo fï Lkscf;,a Lkscf;,a hkq fmdis, bkaOkhls'

fmdis, bkaOk hkq óg jir ñ,shk ;=kaishlg muK fmr hq.fha mDÓúfha úiQ Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx. (plankton) j,ska fmdis, bkaOk ;ekS we;' ñh.sh Ydl iy i;a;aj fldgia id.r m;=f,a ;ekam;aùfuka miq

ksrka;r f;rmSug" WIaK;ajhg iy nelaàßhd ÔrK l%shdj,shkg ,lafõ' fuu Ôù øjH ld,h;a

iu`. mdIdK ia:rhkaf.ka jeiS hhs' fï whqßka È.= ld,hla mqrd fuu Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx.

fN!;sl iy ridhksl l%shdoduhlg ,laùfuka fmdis, bkaOk ks¾udKh fõ' fuh Ôj ridhksl

l%shdj,shls (Bio Chemical Reaction).

wjidÈ; mdIdK ia:r iys; iqúfYaIs m%foaYhkays fndrf;,a ksOka.;j we;' Lkscf;,a yereKq úg

.,a w`.=re iy iajNdúl jdhqjo fmdis, bkaOk j,g wh;a fõ' fndrf;,a j, mj;sk m%Odk

uQ,øjH folls' tkï yhsv%cka yd ldnkah' fï ksid yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khla fndrf;,a kñka

ye`oskafõ' we,aflak" we,alSk" we,alhsk iy wefrdaueál wdoS yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khls'

fmdis, bkaOk j¾.SlrKh úúO fN!;sl iy ridhksl fya;+ka u; ;=ka wdldrhlg fmdis, bkaOk ;ekam;aùu isÿfõ'

1' >K - .,a w`.=re COAL

2' øj - fndr f;,a CRUDE OIL

3' jdhq - Lksc jdhqka NATURAL GAS

Lksc f;,a Ndú;hg .efkk wjia:d n,Yla;s m%Njhla f,i wuqøjHhla f,i

fudag¾ r: niar: wdÈfha bkaOkhla f,i iqj| ú,jqka yd wdf,amk i|yd

l¾udka; Yd,dj, bkaðka l%shdlrùu i|yd T!IO i|yd

.=jka hdkd iy keõ bkaOkhla f,i ma,diaála ksmoùug

úÿ,sn, W;amdokh i|yd f;,a ,sysis f;,a ksmoùug

t,a mS jdhqj ^.Dyia: mßfNdackh i`oyd& úúO ridhksl øjH ksIamdokh i|yd

fndrf;,a j, ixhq;sh m%;sY;h (wt%) ldnka 85 - 86

yhsv%cka 11 - 14

i,a*¾ 0'06 - 1'75

khsg%cka iq`: m%udKhla

Tlaiscka iq`: m%udKhla

,jk (Nacl2 Mgcl2) wxY= ud;%hla

hlv (Fe, Ni, v, cu ) wxY= ud;%hla

uKaä

c,h

ãi,a ksmoùu msßmyÿfõ ãi,a j¾. 3 la ksmoúh yel'

i. iqÿ ãi,a (Auto Diesel) ii. l¿ ãi,a (Heavy Diesel) iii. keõ ãi,a (Marine Diesel)

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd ãi,a fyj;a .Eia f;,a (Gas oil) yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAll folla iudka;rj Ndú;d lrñka f.kao.ï m%udKh kshñ; uÜgu olajd bj;a lrkq

,nhs' bkamiq fuu ãi,a fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk u.ska

fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

oeúf;,a (Fuel Oil) yd ;dr (Bituman) ksmoùu'

fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau msg;g .kakd l¿ meye;s Wl= Èhrhla jk È.= fYaIh (Long Residue) i|yd fj<|fmdf,ys fyd| b,a¨ula ke;' tneúka" m<uqfjkau fuu È.= fYaIfhka

fldgila úiaíf¾l¾ tAllh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<ska hjd ;dmh wdOdrfhka isÿjk l%shdj,shla

uÕska tys Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;dj wvqlr .kq ,nhs' úiaíf¾l¾ tallh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<

isÿjk l%shdj,sh uÕska my; i|yka ksIamdok fjkalr .kq ,efí'

i. úLKaä; fYaIh (Cracked Residue) ii. úLKaä; kema;d (Cracked Naphtha)iii. úLKaä; .Eiaf;,a (Cracked Gasoil)

úLKaä; fYaIhg wjYH m%udKhg úLKaä; .Eia f;,a uqiq lsÍfuka oeúf;,a j¾. lsysmhla ksmojkq ,efí fïjdfha tAll oelafjkafka frä jqâ ;;amrj,sks' fuu oeúf;,a Ys% ,xldfõ úÿ,s W;amdokh keõj, bkaOk jYfhka yd l¾udka; Yd,d bkaOkhla f,i Ndú;d fõ' w;sßla; oeúf;,a wmkhkh lrkq ,efí'

fuys§ iEfok úLKaä; kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAllh fj; fmg%,a ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i|yd fhduqlrkq ,nhs'

ßla; wdijk tallh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau ,nd .kakd È.= fYaIfhka fldgila" ßla; wdijk tAllh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) ;=<ska hjd tu fYaIfha ieye,a¨ yhsfv%dldnk ;jÿrg;a fjka lr.ekSfï m%;sM,hla f,i È.= fYaIfha Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;djh jeäú >k fYaIh (Short Residue) keue;s ixfhda.h ksmojd .ks' ksmojd.;a >k fYaIh" ;dr tllh (Bitumen Blowing Unit) yryd heùfuka jd;h iuÕ m%;sl%shdlr ;dr (Bitumen) ksmojd .kq ,efí' kuq;a fïjkúg msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i`oyd Ndú;djk u¾nka keue;s fndrf;,a j¾.fha os.= fYaIfhka ;dr (Bitumen) ksmoúh fkdyels neúka ;dr ksIamdokh i`oyd wdkhkh l, os.= fYaIh Ndú;d lrhs'

ßla; wdijk tallfha§ bj;alr.kakd yhsfv%dldnk ksIamdok folla f,i my; wdldrhg fjkalr .kS'

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Light Vacuum Oil) nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Heavy Vaccum Gas Oil)

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a iqÿ ãi,a ksmoùug fhdod.kakd w;r" nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a msßmyÿfõ

ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§ Wÿkaj, bkaOkhla jYfhka Ndú;d fõ' nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a oeúf;,a iuÕ

uqiq lsÍug o fhdod .kS'

msßmyÿfõ mshjr igyka

ilH;d wOHhkh = 1963Odß;dj = 38,000 bbl/dia:dkh = imq.ialkao ^wlalr 165&

fgkav¾ le|ùu = 1966fgkavrfha jákdlu = re' ñ,shk 180

uq,a., ;eîu = 1967 uehs 09 Èk

bÈlsÍïlre = Snam Progetti ( Italy) WmfoaYl;ajh = U. O. P. (U.S.A)újD; lsÍu = 1969.10.12j¾;udk Odß;dj = 51,000bbl/d 7.080 t (max)

f;,aa msßmyÿjl ksIamdok l%shdj,sh mshjr 3 lska isÿfõ'

1' wdijkh (Distillation) fuysÈ fndrf;,a kue;s yhsfv%dldnka ñY%Kfhka úúO WIaK;aj mrdihka j, >kSNjkh

jk (Condense) ksIamdok wjYH mßÈ fjkalr .ekSu isÿfõ'

2' msßisÿ lsÍu (Purification) fndrf;,a j, we;s ,jk j¾. ldnksl i,a*¾(S), khsg%cka(N), Tlaiscka(O) iy f,day(M) j¾. bj;a fldg msßisÿ lsÍfï ls%hdj,shhs' fuu.ska mßir ¥IKh yd Ndú; hka;%iQ;%j,

úLdokh wju ;;a;ajhl mj;ajd .kS'

3' mßj¾;kh (Conversion) yhsfv%dldnk j, ixhq;sh wjYH mßÈ ridhksl l%shdj,shla u.ska fjkia flf¾' fuu.ska

we,aflak" we,alSk jeks yhsfv%dldnk j, mrudKql jHqyhka fjkia fldg wefrdueál jeks

yhsfv%dldnksl j,g mßj¾;kh lsÍfï l%shdj,sh yryd fmg%,a bkaOkfha TlafÜka wxlh

95 g fyda 92 g by< kexùu yd os.=odu iys; yhsfv%dldnk fláodu iys; ixfhda.j,g

mßj¾:kh lsÍu WodyrKhla f,i oelaúh yel'

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha cd;Hka;r iïu;hka

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha§ f,dju ms<s.;a iïu;hka rdYshla ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§" ksIamdok fj<|

fmd<g iemhSfï §" kv;a;= lghq;= lsÍfï§" .Kkh lsÍfï§" mßirh" .sks m%fõiï iy fiajl

fi!LH wd§ jYfhka ia:dms; ù we;' tu iïu;hka mj;ajd f.k hk m%Odk wdh;k my; i|yka

fõ'

1. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) in the United States 2. ISO (international Organization for Standardization) which is at the international level 3. IP (Institute of petroleum) in the United Kingdom 4. API (American petroleum Institute) in the United States 5. OSHAS (Occupational Health and Safety Administration –USA) mßirh yd fiajl fi!LH iy wdrlaIdj i|yd

6. NFTA (National Fire Provencal Authority) - .sks wdYs%; iïu;hka i|yd

7. DOT (Department of Transportation) - ksIamdok" .nvd lsÍu yd m%jdykh i|yd

8. ANSI (American National Standard Institute)- iuia: kS;s yd fr.=,dis

.sksis¿ moaO;sh (Flare System)wjOdkïldÍ ksIamdok l%shdj,shla isÿlrk msßmyÿjl .sksis¿j (Flare System) úfYaIs;u" w;HdjYHu wdrlaIs; Wmdx.hhs' hka;%d.drfha úúO tAll ;=<ska ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ jdhqka" bkaOk jdhqka jYfhka msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha m%fõiï jE,aj" nÿka wdÈfhka ksoyiajk jdhqkao mSvkh wvq ieye,a¨ jdhQkao iy yosis wjia:djloS (In Emergency Situation) jdhq f.da,hg tlt,af,a lsis`ÿ yhsfv%dldnkhla fyda tA wdY%s; ksIamdokhla mßirhg uqodyeßh fkdyel' tfia uqodyeÍfuka mßir ¥IKh jk neúka" tu jdhqka b;d Wi wg,a,l§ oykhfldg uqodyÍ'

msßmyÿ l%shdj,sh i`oyd wjYH Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities)

msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha iuia: ksIamdok l%shdj,shg wjYH úÿ,sn,h" yqud,h" isis,k c,h" fiajd c,h" fndhsf,are i`oyd wjYH ,jK iy wmøjH rys; c,h" iïmSä; jdhQka" bkaOk jdhQ" oeúf;,a wdosh l%uj;aj iemhSu i`oyd ia:dms; moaO;Ska rdYshla yryd imhkq ,nkafka Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities) wxYh u.sks'

bkaOk ksIamdok fldf,dkakdj ksudj iy imq.ialkao f;la fmdïmlsÍu yd fnodyeÍu'

msßmyÿfõ ksmojk bkaOk ksIamdok j,ska fl,skau msßmyÿfjka fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrkq

,nkafka ^wf,úlrkafka& ;dr (Bitumen), t,a'mS' jdhqj yd oeúf;,a muKs' ;dr njqi¾ j,g f;d. jYfhka wf,ú lrkq ,efí' óg wu;rj msßmyÿfõ ksmojk øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj (LP Gas) .Eia iud.ï fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

imq.ialkao msßmyÿfõ Lksc f;,a ksIamdok flf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dkh olajd fmdïm lsÍu msKsi 6”, 8” yd 12” úYalïN j,ska hqla; k, 3 lska msßmyÿj yd fldf,dkakdj ksudj iïnkaO lr we;'

fldf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍï uOHia:dkh uÕska njqi¾" ÿïßh" l=vd keõ" fm!oa.,sl bkaOk jdyk wdÈh uÕska Lksc f;,a ksIamdok Y%S ,xldj mqrd fnodyßkq ,efí'

2000 j¾Ifha újD;l< imq.ialkao m¾hka;fha fmg%,a" N+ñf;,a" ãi,a" oeúf;,a iy .=jkahdkd bkaOk (Jet A1) wdoS ksIamdok 5 la fnodyßkq ,nhs'

imq.ialkao m¾hka;h

msßmyÿjg wkqnoaO imq.ialkao m¾hka;h ,xldfõ m<fjks iajhxl%Sh md,k fnodyeÍï moaO;shla iys; fnodyeÍï m¾hka;h jk w;r" th bkaOk .nvdlsÍfï gexls 12 iys; ksIamdok myla fnodyeÍfï myiqlï we;s msßmyÿj iu. k< ud¾. 04lska iïnkaëlrKh ù we;s msßmyÿfjka md,khjk fnodyeÍfï m¾hka;hhs'

fkú,A ùrfialr uy;d iu. 20 fofkl=f.ka hq;a l<ukdldr wNHdi,dNS lKavdhula msßmyÿfõ l<ukdldÍ;ajh i`oyd 1967 oS n`ojd .;a w;r" 1972 oS úfoaYSh md,kdêldßfhka ish¨ j.lSï Tjqka fj; mjrd we;'

foaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fkú,a ùrfialr D.M.E.S. nq,;aisxy, S. ùrj¾Ok S. isjfkaika D.S. chúl%u D. pkaøfialr S. isjiqkaorï T.M. m%kdkaÿ T.C. nlauka T.A.S. fm%auisß M.F.F. Tud¾ M. fm;shdf.dv W.A. isßfiak C. ùr;=x. M. .,mam;a;sf.a S. órd iySí G.D. óuevqu S. úl%uisxy D.N.G. mska.uf.a S.M.G. iurfldaka

tod mgka wo jk ;=re foaYSh jD;a;slhkaf.ka ieÿï ,;a l<uKdldÍ;ajhla hgf;a mqyqKq ld¾ñl

Ys,amSkaf.a Y%u odhl;ajfhka iy wfkl=;a ld¾hxY m%OdkSkaf.a oeä lemùfuka 1969 wf.daia;= 07

oe,ajQ .sksis¨j fkdksud nen<ùu › ,dxlsl ;dlaIKsl mqk¾Ôjh mK .ekajQ n, .ekajQ b;sydih

fufia igyka ;eìh hq;=h' 1979 - msßmÿfõ ksIamdok Odß;djh ner,a 51"000 olajd mq¨,a lsÍu'

1981 - .=jkahdkd bkaOk ksIamdokh i`oyd ksIamdok úhou wju jQ fufrdlaia m%;sldrl tAllh

ia:dms; lsÍu'

1983 - n,Yla;s wrmsßueiau i`oyd msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a W`ÿk oyk jdhq WKqiqïlrKhla

iu. kùlrKh lsÍu'

1986 - Tref.dvj;a; fndrf;,a .nvdlsÍfï gexls wx.kfha iy jrdfha isg ls'ó' 08la wE;ska msysá

fndahdfjys (SPBM) jevlghq;= wjika fldg úYd, fk!ld Ndú;fldg fndrf;,a wdkhkh

wdrïN lsÍu'

1992 - úúO fndrf;,a j¾. msßmeyeoSu i`oyd msßmyÿfõ fndrf;,a wdijk tAllh kùlrKh

lsÍu (Tapies Crude).1999 - fmg%,a oykfhka mßirhg jk ydksh wju lsÍu i`oyd TEL keue;s W;afmarl kj;d

m%ñ;s.; fmg%,a fjf<`ofmd,g iemhSug wjYH mßos ksIamdok tAllh kùlrKh lsÍu'

2000 - msßmyÿfõ úÿ,sn, iemhqfuys ia:djr;ajh i`oyd ãi,a úÿ,sckk hka;% folla ia:dms; lsÍu'

2003 - cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s.; ãi,a fjf<`om,g ksl=;alsÍu i`oyd ksIamdok tAll folla kùlrKh

lsÍu'

2013 - yhsfv%dàg¾ tAllh i`oyd wjYH yhsv%cka jdhq tAllhla iúlsÍu'

2015 - Wmfhda.Sn, wxYhg jdhqiïmSvl WmlrK folla iúlsÍu'

2017 - úÿ,sn, ksIamdokh ia:djr lsÍu i`oyd fu'fgdka 27l Odß;djh we;s wêmSvk yqud,ckl

hka;%hla ia:dmkh lsÍu'

keõ u.ska fndrf;,a ,nd.ekSu" msßmyÿj iy ksñ ksIamdok

fmfg%da,shï ksIamdok

m%Odk jYfhka msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok 10 la" ksIamdokh lrk w;r thska ksIamdok 09 la bkaOk jk w;r ìgquka bkaOkhla fkdfõ'

t,a'mS' jdhqj Tfgda ãi,a ridhksl kema;d iqmsß ãi,a fmg%,a oeú f;,a N+ñf;,a ;dr .=jkahdkd bkaOk tia' î' mS'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallh (Crude Distillation Unit – 01)

fndrf;,a msßmeye£fï l%shdj,sh wLKav l%shdj,shls wjqreÿ 3 l ld,hla wLKavj fuu l%shdj,sh

isÿlsÍu i|yd hka;%d.drh ie,iqï fldg we;' fuu ld,h wjidkfha kv;a;= yd m%;sixialrKh

lghq;= i|yd i;s 05 l muK ld,hlg hka;%d.drh jikq ,efí'

fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) /ila yryd hjd fmr r;alsÍfï l%shdj,shlg

(Pre-Heating) Ndckhlr" c,h iuÕ ñY% fldg ,jK bj;alsÍu msKsi úYd, nÿka follg (Desalted) hjkq ,efí'

fuys§ fndrf;,aj, wvx.= c,h fjkajk w;r" tA iuÕ fidaähï laf,darhsâ (NaCl), ue.aksishï

laf,darhsâ (MgCl2), le,aishï laf,darhsâ (CaCl

2) jeks ,jK o bj;a fõ' fufia fndrf;,a ,jK yd

c,h bj;a lrkq ,nkafka fuu ,jK j,ska iEfok wñ, uÕska fndrf;,a fhduq lrkq ,nk l=¿Kq"

Wÿka n÷ka" k, ud¾. wdÈfha u, ne£u we;s lrkq ,nk neúks'

,jK yd c,h bj;al, fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) yd úYd, W÷ka 2 la (Furnaces) uÕska 3650C l muK WIaK;ajhlg r;afldg wä 90la muK Wi fhdaO l=¿Kla

(tkï"C-1 l=¿K) fj; fhduqlrkq ,efí'

C-1 l=¿K ;=, isÿjk Nd.sl wdijk l%shdj,sh (Fractional Distillation) uÕska fndrf;,a my;

m%Odk fldgia 4 g fjka lrkq ,efí'

kema;d N+ñf;,a ãi,a È.= fYaIh ^óg wu;r iq¨ jYfhka 1] la muK ieye,a¨ jdhqka fjka lr.kq ,efí'&

kema;d j,ska fmg%,a ,nd .ekSu'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfha l=¿fka by<skau ,nd .kakd kema;d myiqfjka jdIam jk mdgla fkdue;s

øjhls' fuu øjfha wvx.+ f.kao.ï jeks wmøjH bj;alsÍu i|yd kema;d by< WIAK;ajh yd

mSvkh hgf;a W;afm%arl udOHfha yhsv%cka iu. m%;sl%shdjk kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating) kï l%shdj,sh isÿlrhs' kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating& l%shdj,sfha ,efnk ner kema;d

fldgi oyk .=Kdx.hla jk TlafÜka wxlh ^Octane Number& fjkialsÍu i`oyd W;afm%arl udOH

;=< ma,eÜf*dañka kï l%shdj,sh isÿlr fmg%,a ksmojhs'

LP .Eia fyj;a øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka iy ma,eÜf*dau¾ tallfhka fjkalr .kq ,nhs' jdhquh fldgia

ämafrdmkhsi¾ (Deporopanizer) tAllh ;=<ska hjd fm%dfmaka jdhqj jeks ieye,a¨ jdhqka bj;alr

.kq ,efí' bkamiq fuu jdhq ñY%Kh t,a'mS'Ô' fufrdlaia (LPG Merox) tallh ;+<ska hjd tys we;s

f.kao.ï bj;alr t,a'mS' jdhqj ksmojhs'

ridhksl kema;d iy úfYaI ;dmdxl wdfrdayK iamS;=(Chemical Naphtha and Special Boiling Point Solvent)

kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tallfha ,efnk w;sßla; kema;d" ridhksl kema;d f,i

n,d.drj,g wf,úlsÍu fyda wmkhkh lrkq ,efí' tfukau yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tAllfh-

ka ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ kema;d j,ska fldgila tia'î'mS tAllh (S.B.P Unit) ;=<ska hjd l¾udka;

Yd,dj, ødjlhla (Solvent) jYfhka Ndú;d lrk úfYaI ;dmdxlh wdfrdayK iam%s;= l,ska l,g

ksmojkq ,efí' fïjd ;sk¾ (Thinner) j, ødjlh jYfhka Ndú;d fõ'

,dïmq f;,a yd .=jkahdkd mxld f;,a ksmoùu (Jet-A1) N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh - 15

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a j, fj<|fmd,g ta wdldrhg ksl=;al< yels

.=Kdx. mj;sk neúka" ;jÿrg;a msßisÿ fkdfldg N+ñf;,a ^,dïmqf;,a& jYfhka fnodyeÍu i|yd

fldf,dkakdj ksudj fj; hjhs'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a úúO ;;ajhka md,kh lsÍfuka tkï" kshñ; ysudxlh (Freezing Point) mrdih mj;ajd .ekSfuka miqj tajd N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh (Kerosine Merox Unit) yryd hjkq ,efí' fuys§ N+ñf;,a j, u¾lemagka f,i l%shdldßj mj;akd f.kao.ï"

wvq l%shdldß vhsi,amhsv ixfhda.hla njg W;afm%arl Ndú;fhka yrjhs' fïjd uq,skau k,ud¾.

j,ska fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk fj; hjkq ,nk w;r" bkamiqj

lgqkdhl yd u;a;, cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm,j,a fj; bkaOk jYfhka ksl=;a lrkq ,nhs' fuuÕska

wm rgg úfoaY úksuh Wmhd.kS'

m<uq msßmyÿ l,ukdldr - fykaß f,ó

1890 jif¾ Lkscf;,a Ndú;h N+ñf;,a (Kerosene) úÿ,s ckl hka;% u.ska úÿ,s W;amdokh i|yd

fld<U ì%iag,a ùÈfha ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a § (Billiard Room of Bristol Hotel) uq,skau jd¾;dfõ'

fojkqj 1895 § ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a (By Messrs Boustead Bros) l=vd úÿ,s n,d.drhla bÈlrk

,§' bkamiq 1902 j¾Ifha isg jdyk (Auto Mobile) Ndú;h bx.%Sis cd;slhka úiska wdrïN lsÍu;a

iu`. Lkscf;,a wdkhkh lEkaa iy ner,a u.ska wdkhkh lr fnodyeÍu isÿ ù we;'

YS% ,xldfõ Lksc f;,a jHdmdrfha uQ,slhka

fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

tAIshála fmfg%da,shï iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u'

fI,a iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

fI,a lïmeks T*a isf,daka

fudì,a ^iagekajEla&

tfida iud.u

le,afglaia iud.u

1956 § mej;s rch" ;%sl=Kdu,h Ök jrdfha bkaOk .nvd lsÍug ì%;dkHhka úiska f.dvk.d

;snQ gexls 101 lska hq;= gexls ixlS¾Kh cki;= lsÍug mshjr .kakd ,§' ta i|yd YS% ,xldfõ

rch úiska ì%;dkH rchg mjqï 250"000 l uqo,la f.jk ,§'

Bg wu;rj gexls 5 la fldf,dkakdj l,dm wxl 1 yS mej;s w;r" tajd Ndú;d lrk ,oafoa f;,a iud.ï úisks'

1957 § úfoaYSh iud.ï uÕska msßmyÿjla f.dvke.Su i|yd fhdackd bÈßm;a l<o rch th m%;sfCIam lrk ,§'

1958 § f;,a iud.u cki;= lrk f,i f;,a fiajlhka úiska jev j¾ckhla mj;ajk ,§'

bkamiq mshjfrka mshjr ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dfõ wNsjDoaêh mk; i|yka f,i jd¾;d ù we;'

1962 wfm%a,a 26 osk ,xldj ;=< Lksc f;,a wf,úh i|yd ;r`.ldÍj iyNd.s ùug fnÿïm,j,a mjrd .ekSfï ;SrKh l%shd;aul lsÍu'

1962 ud¾;= 14 Èk ˜ whsfkdfjda ˜ keu;s kefjka ksIamdÈ; Lksc f;,a" reishdfõ isg fld<U jrdhg f.k tau'

1962 wfm%a,a 28 fldf<dkakdfõ isg gexlsr: yd ÿïßh u.ska f;,a fnodyeÍu wdrïN lsÍu'

1964 wfm%a,a 01 Ök jrdh f;,a hka;%ia:dkh ixia:djg mjrd .ekSu'

Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj ìysù jir jir 2 lg miq 1963 wxl 5 orK mk; uÕska msßmyÿlrKhg iy .fõIKhg wjir ,enqKq w;r" tuÕska 25] la muK úfoaY úksuh b;sß lr.; yels njg ikd: úh'

Lksc f;,a msßmyÿ ilH;d wOHkh i|yd m%xYfha "Francais due Petrol" wdh;kh m;alrk ,§'

1963 mkf;a wxl 5 orK ixfYdaOkh uÕska msßmyÿlrKh iy .fõIKh i|yd wêldÍ;a-jh ,enqKs'

m%xYfha "Francais" wdh;kh úiska Èklg ner,a 38"000 l msßmyÿ Odß;djhlska hqla; msßmyÿjla ;ekSug ks¾foaY lrk ,§'

1967 § "Snam Proggetti", "Italy" we;=¨ ;j;a iud.ï 2 la úiska fgkav¾ bÈßm;a lrk ,§' "Snam Proggetti" wdh;kh fgkavrh i|yd f;drd.kakd ,§'

1967 uehs ui 07 jk Èk msßmyÿjg uq,a., ;nk ,§'

1968 j¾Ifha 4jk ld¾;=fõ§ 50 fofkl=f.ka hqla; ;dCIKsl iylrejka lKavdhula meñKshy'

1969 uehs 15 jk od "Verisella" kï fk!ld-fjys fndrf;,a f.kajd msßmyÿ gexls wx.khg fmdïm lrk ,§'

1969 uehs 25 jk od msßmyÿfõ úÿ,s n,d.drh l%shdlrjqï wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 5 jk Èk msßmyÿ fndrf;,a ixirKh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 6 jk Èk W÷ka iy oe,a, o,ajk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 07 Èk msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a wdijk l=¨kg fndrf;,a fhduqfldg ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 1 jk Èk jk úg msßmyÿfõ ish¨ ksIamdok tallhkaf.a ia:djrNdjh ;yjqre lrk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ks, iudrïNh 1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 12 jk Èk mj;ajk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN l< úfoaYSh ;dCIKsl iyldr lKavdhu úiska 1972 ckjdß 09 jk Èk Y%S ,xlsl l<ukdldÍ;ajhla fj; msßmyÿj Ndr lrk ,§'

úfoaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fykaß f,ó - msßmyÿ l,ukdldrW.H. fudiag¾Ü - fcHIaG ld¾ñl bxcsfkareR.N.n¾iaud - fufyhqï l<ukdldrL. jekav¾iaÆÜ - úÿ,s bxcsfkareJ.H. we,an¾Üia - mqyqKqlsrSï lsrSï yd ixj¾Ok m%OdksN. iafgd*afldm¾ - bxcsfkare mrSlaIlG. Ylauka - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,OdrsA.M. cka.a,Eka.¾ - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,Odrs

Lksc f;,a ''''''''''

f,dalfha n, Yla;s wjYH;dj imqrk m%Odk n, Yla;s m%Njhls th wo jk úg f,dalfha iudc

wd¾Ól fukau foaYmd,k lafIa;%hkag mjd iDcqj n,mEï lrkakg iu;a idOlhlaj mj;S'

fudkjo fï Lkscf;,a Lkscf;,a hkq fmdis, bkaOkhls'

fmdis, bkaOk hkq óg jir ñ,shk ;=kaishlg muK fmr hq.fha mDÓúfha úiQ Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx. (plankton) j,ska fmdis, bkaOk ;ekS we;' ñh.sh Ydl iy i;a;aj fldgia id.r m;=f,a ;ekam;aùfuka miq

ksrka;r f;rmSug" WIaK;ajhg iy nelaàßhd ÔrK l%shdj,shkg ,lafõ' fuu Ôù øjH ld,h;a

iu`. mdIdK ia:rhkaf.ka jeiS hhs' fï whqßka È.= ld,hla mqrd fuu Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx.

fN!;sl iy ridhksl l%shdoduhlg ,laùfuka fmdis, bkaOk ks¾udKh fõ' fuh Ôj ridhksl

l%shdj,shls (Bio Chemical Reaction).

wjidÈ; mdIdK ia:r iys; iqúfYaIs m%foaYhkays fndrf;,a ksOka.;j we;' Lkscf;,a yereKq úg

.,a w`.=re iy iajNdúl jdhqjo fmdis, bkaOk j,g wh;a fõ' fndrf;,a j, mj;sk m%Odk

uQ,øjH folls' tkï yhsv%cka yd ldnkah' fï ksid yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khla fndrf;,a kñka

ye`oskafõ' we,aflak" we,alSk" we,alhsk iy wefrdaueál wdoS yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khls'

fmdis, bkaOk j¾.SlrKh úúO fN!;sl iy ridhksl fya;+ka u; ;=ka wdldrhlg fmdis, bkaOk ;ekam;aùu isÿfõ'

1' >K - .,a w`.=re COAL

2' øj - fndr f;,a CRUDE OIL

3' jdhq - Lksc jdhqka NATURAL GAS

Lksc f;,a Ndú;hg .efkk wjia:d n,Yla;s m%Njhla f,i wuqøjHhla f,i

fudag¾ r: niar: wdÈfha bkaOkhla f,i iqj| ú,jqka yd wdf,amk i|yd

l¾udka; Yd,dj, bkaðka l%shdlrùu i|yd T!IO i|yd

.=jka hdkd iy keõ bkaOkhla f,i ma,diaála ksmoùug

úÿ,sn, W;amdokh i|yd f;,a ,sysis f;,a ksmoùug

t,a mS jdhqj ^.Dyia: mßfNdackh i`oyd& úúO ridhksl øjH ksIamdokh i|yd

fndrf;,a j, ixhq;sh m%;sY;h (wt%) ldnka 85 - 86

yhsv%cka 11 - 14

i,a*¾ 0'06 - 1'75

khsg%cka iq`: m%udKhla

Tlaiscka iq`: m%udKhla

,jk (Nacl2 Mgcl2) wxY= ud;%hla

hlv (Fe, Ni, v, cu ) wxY= ud;%hla

uKaä

c,h

ãi,a ksmoùu msßmyÿfõ ãi,a j¾. 3 la ksmoúh yel'

i. iqÿ ãi,a (Auto Diesel) ii. l¿ ãi,a (Heavy Diesel) iii. keõ ãi,a (Marine Diesel)

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd ãi,a fyj;a .Eia f;,a (Gas oil) yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAll folla iudka;rj Ndú;d lrñka f.kao.ï m%udKh kshñ; uÜgu olajd bj;a lrkq

,nhs' bkamiq fuu ãi,a fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk u.ska

fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

oeúf;,a (Fuel Oil) yd ;dr (Bituman) ksmoùu'

fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau msg;g .kakd l¿ meye;s Wl= Èhrhla jk È.= fYaIh (Long Residue) i|yd fj<|fmdf,ys fyd| b,a¨ula ke;' tneúka" m<uqfjkau fuu È.= fYaIfhka

fldgila úiaíf¾l¾ tAllh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<ska hjd ;dmh wdOdrfhka isÿjk l%shdj,shla

uÕska tys Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;dj wvqlr .kq ,nhs' úiaíf¾l¾ tallh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<

isÿjk l%shdj,sh uÕska my; i|yka ksIamdok fjkalr .kq ,efí'

i. úLKaä; fYaIh (Cracked Residue) ii. úLKaä; kema;d (Cracked Naphtha)iii. úLKaä; .Eiaf;,a (Cracked Gasoil)

úLKaä; fYaIhg wjYH m%udKhg úLKaä; .Eia f;,a uqiq lsÍfuka oeúf;,a j¾. lsysmhla ksmojkq ,efí fïjdfha tAll oelafjkafka frä jqâ ;;amrj,sks' fuu oeúf;,a Ys% ,xldfõ úÿ,s W;amdokh keõj, bkaOk jYfhka yd l¾udka; Yd,d bkaOkhla f,i Ndú;d fõ' w;sßla; oeúf;,a wmkhkh lrkq ,efí'

fuys§ iEfok úLKaä; kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAllh fj; fmg%,a ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i|yd fhduqlrkq ,nhs'

ßla; wdijk tallh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau ,nd .kakd È.= fYaIfhka fldgila" ßla; wdijk tAllh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) ;=<ska hjd tu fYaIfha ieye,a¨ yhsfv%dldnk ;jÿrg;a fjka lr.ekSfï m%;sM,hla f,i È.= fYaIfha Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;djh jeäú >k fYaIh (Short Residue) keue;s ixfhda.h ksmojd .ks' ksmojd.;a >k fYaIh" ;dr tllh (Bitumen Blowing Unit) yryd heùfuka jd;h iuÕ m%;sl%shdlr ;dr (Bitumen) ksmojd .kq ,efí' kuq;a fïjkúg msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i`oyd Ndú;djk u¾nka keue;s fndrf;,a j¾.fha os.= fYaIfhka ;dr (Bitumen) ksmoúh fkdyels neúka ;dr ksIamdokh i`oyd wdkhkh l, os.= fYaIh Ndú;d lrhs'

ßla; wdijk tallfha§ bj;alr.kakd yhsfv%dldnk ksIamdok folla f,i my; wdldrhg fjkalr .kS'

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Light Vacuum Oil) nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Heavy Vaccum Gas Oil)

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a iqÿ ãi,a ksmoùug fhdod.kakd w;r" nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a msßmyÿfõ

ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§ Wÿkaj, bkaOkhla jYfhka Ndú;d fõ' nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a oeúf;,a iuÕ

uqiq lsÍug o fhdod .kS'

msßmyÿfõ mshjr igyka

ilH;d wOHhkh = 1963Odß;dj = 38,000 bbl/dia:dkh = imq.ialkao ^wlalr 165&

fgkav¾ le|ùu = 1966fgkavrfha jákdlu = re' ñ,shk 180

uq,a., ;eîu = 1967 uehs 09 Èk

bÈlsÍïlre = Snam Progetti ( Italy) WmfoaYl;ajh = U. O. P. (U.S.A)újD; lsÍu = 1969.10.12j¾;udk Odß;dj = 51,000bbl/d 7.080 t (max)

f;,aa msßmyÿjl ksIamdok l%shdj,sh mshjr 3 lska isÿfõ'

1' wdijkh (Distillation) fuysÈ fndrf;,a kue;s yhsfv%dldnka ñY%Kfhka úúO WIaK;aj mrdihka j, >kSNjkh

jk (Condense) ksIamdok wjYH mßÈ fjkalr .ekSu isÿfõ'

2' msßisÿ lsÍu (Purification) fndrf;,a j, we;s ,jk j¾. ldnksl i,a*¾(S), khsg%cka(N), Tlaiscka(O) iy f,day(M) j¾. bj;a fldg msßisÿ lsÍfï ls%hdj,shhs' fuu.ska mßir ¥IKh yd Ndú; hka;%iQ;%j,

úLdokh wju ;;a;ajhl mj;ajd .kS'

3' mßj¾;kh (Conversion) yhsfv%dldnk j, ixhq;sh wjYH mßÈ ridhksl l%shdj,shla u.ska fjkia flf¾' fuu.ska

we,aflak" we,alSk jeks yhsfv%dldnk j, mrudKql jHqyhka fjkia fldg wefrdueál jeks

yhsfv%dldnksl j,g mßj¾;kh lsÍfï l%shdj,sh yryd fmg%,a bkaOkfha TlafÜka wxlh

95 g fyda 92 g by< kexùu yd os.=odu iys; yhsfv%dldnk fláodu iys; ixfhda.j,g

mßj¾:kh lsÍu WodyrKhla f,i oelaúh yel'

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha cd;Hka;r iïu;hka

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha§ f,dju ms<s.;a iïu;hka rdYshla ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§" ksIamdok fj<|

fmd<g iemhSfï §" kv;a;= lghq;= lsÍfï§" .Kkh lsÍfï§" mßirh" .sks m%fõiï iy fiajl

fi!LH wd§ jYfhka ia:dms; ù we;' tu iïu;hka mj;ajd f.k hk m%Odk wdh;k my; i|yka

fõ'

1. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) in the United States 2. ISO (international Organization for Standardization) which is at the international level 3. IP (Institute of petroleum) in the United Kingdom 4. API (American petroleum Institute) in the United States 5. OSHAS (Occupational Health and Safety Administration –USA) mßirh yd fiajl fi!LH iy wdrlaIdj i|yd

6. NFTA (National Fire Provencal Authority) - .sks wdYs%; iïu;hka i|yd

7. DOT (Department of Transportation) - ksIamdok" .nvd lsÍu yd m%jdykh i|yd

8. ANSI (American National Standard Institute)- iuia: kS;s yd fr.=,dis

.sksis¿ moaO;sh (Flare System)wjOdkïldÍ ksIamdok l%shdj,shla isÿlrk msßmyÿjl .sksis¿j (Flare System) úfYaIs;u" w;HdjYHu wdrlaIs; Wmdx.hhs' hka;%d.drfha úúO tAll ;=<ska ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ jdhqka" bkaOk jdhqka jYfhka msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha m%fõiï jE,aj" nÿka wdÈfhka ksoyiajk jdhqkao mSvkh wvq ieye,a¨ jdhQkao iy yosis wjia:djloS (In Emergency Situation) jdhq f.da,hg tlt,af,a lsis`ÿ yhsfv%dldnkhla fyda tA wdY%s; ksIamdokhla mßirhg uqodyeßh fkdyel' tfia uqodyeÍfuka mßir ¥IKh jk neúka" tu jdhqka b;d Wi wg,a,l§ oykhfldg uqodyÍ'

msßmyÿ l%shdj,sh i`oyd wjYH Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities)

msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha iuia: ksIamdok l%shdj,shg wjYH úÿ,sn,h" yqud,h" isis,k c,h" fiajd c,h" fndhsf,are i`oyd wjYH ,jK iy wmøjH rys; c,h" iïmSä; jdhQka" bkaOk jdhQ" oeúf;,a wdosh l%uj;aj iemhSu i`oyd ia:dms; moaO;Ska rdYshla yryd imhkq ,nkafka Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities) wxYh u.sks'

bkaOk ksIamdok fldf,dkakdj ksudj iy imq.ialkao f;la fmdïmlsÍu yd fnodyeÍu'

msßmyÿfõ ksmojk bkaOk ksIamdok j,ska fl,skau msßmyÿfjka fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrkq

,nkafka ^wf,úlrkafka& ;dr (Bitumen), t,a'mS' jdhqj yd oeúf;,a muKs' ;dr njqi¾ j,g f;d. jYfhka wf,ú lrkq ,efí' óg wu;rj msßmyÿfõ ksmojk øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj (LP Gas) .Eia iud.ï fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

imq.ialkao msßmyÿfõ Lksc f;,a ksIamdok flf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dkh olajd fmdïm lsÍu msKsi 6”, 8” yd 12” úYalïN j,ska hqla; k, 3 lska msßmyÿj yd fldf,dkakdj ksudj iïnkaO lr we;'

fldf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍï uOHia:dkh uÕska njqi¾" ÿïßh" l=vd keõ" fm!oa.,sl bkaOk jdyk wdÈh uÕska Lksc f;,a ksIamdok Y%S ,xldj mqrd fnodyßkq ,efí'

2000 j¾Ifha újD;l< imq.ialkao m¾hka;fha fmg%,a" N+ñf;,a" ãi,a" oeúf;,a iy .=jkahdkd bkaOk (Jet A1) wdoS ksIamdok 5 la fnodyßkq ,nhs'

imq.ialkao m¾hka;h

msßmyÿjg wkqnoaO imq.ialkao m¾hka;h ,xldfõ m<fjks iajhxl%Sh md,k fnodyeÍï moaO;shla iys; fnodyeÍï m¾hka;h jk w;r" th bkaOk .nvdlsÍfï gexls 12 iys; ksIamdok myla fnodyeÍfï myiqlï we;s msßmyÿj iu. k< ud¾. 04lska iïnkaëlrKh ù we;s msßmyÿfjka md,khjk fnodyeÍfï m¾hka;hhs'

fld<U jrdfha isg imq.ialkao olajdm%Odk wdijk l=¿K m%jdykh lrk w;ru.§ '''''

fkú,A ùrfialr uy;d iu. 20 fofkl=f.ka hq;a l<ukdldr wNHdi,dNS lKavdhula msßmyÿfõ l<ukdldÍ;ajh i`oyd 1967 oS n`ojd .;a w;r" 1972 oS úfoaYSh md,kdêldßfhka ish¨ j.lSï Tjqka fj; mjrd we;'

foaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fkú,a ùrfialr D.M.E.S. nq,;aisxy, S. ùrj¾Ok S. isjfkaika D.S. chúl%u D. pkaøfialr S. isjiqkaorï T.M. m%kdkaÿ T.C. nlauka T.A.S. fm%auisß M.F.F. Tud¾ M. fm;shdf.dv W.A. isßfiak C. ùr;=x. M. .,mam;a;sf.a S. órd iySí G.D. óuevqu S. úl%uisxy D.N.G. mska.uf.a S.M.G. iurfldaka

tod mgka wo jk ;=re foaYSh jD;a;slhkaf.ka ieÿï ,;a l<uKdldÍ;ajhla hgf;a mqyqKq ld¾ñl

Ys,amSkaf.a Y%u odhl;ajfhka iy wfkl=;a ld¾hxY m%OdkSkaf.a oeä lemùfuka 1969 wf.daia;= 07

oe,ajQ .sksis¨j fkdksud nen<ùu › ,dxlsl ;dlaIKsl mqk¾Ôjh mK .ekajQ n, .ekajQ b;sydih

fufia igyka ;eìh hq;=h' 1979 - msßmÿfõ ksIamdok Odß;djh ner,a 51"000 olajd mq¨,a lsÍu'

1981 - .=jkahdkd bkaOk ksIamdokh i`oyd ksIamdok úhou wju jQ fufrdlaia m%;sldrl tAllh

ia:dms; lsÍu'

1983 - n,Yla;s wrmsßueiau i`oyd msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a W`ÿk oyk jdhq WKqiqïlrKhla

iu. kùlrKh lsÍu'

1986 - Tref.dvj;a; fndrf;,a .nvdlsÍfï gexls wx.kfha iy jrdfha isg ls'ó' 08la wE;ska msysá

fndahdfjys (SPBM) jevlghq;= wjika fldg úYd, fk!ld Ndú;fldg fndrf;,a wdkhkh

wdrïN lsÍu'

1992 - úúO fndrf;,a j¾. msßmeyeoSu i`oyd msßmyÿfõ fndrf;,a wdijk tAllh kùlrKh

lsÍu (Tapies Crude).1999 - fmg%,a oykfhka mßirhg jk ydksh wju lsÍu i`oyd TEL keue;s W;afmarl kj;d

m%ñ;s.; fmg%,a fjf<`ofmd,g iemhSug wjYH mßos ksIamdok tAllh kùlrKh lsÍu'

2000 - msßmyÿfõ úÿ,sn, iemhqfuys ia:djr;ajh i`oyd ãi,a úÿ,sckk hka;% folla ia:dms; lsÍu'

2003 - cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s.; ãi,a fjf<`om,g ksl=;alsÍu i`oyd ksIamdok tAll folla kùlrKh

lsÍu'

2013 - yhsfv%dàg¾ tAllh i`oyd wjYH yhsv%cka jdhq tAllhla iúlsÍu'

2015 - Wmfhda.Sn, wxYhg jdhqiïmSvl WmlrK folla iúlsÍu'

2017 - úÿ,sn, ksIamdokh ia:djr lsÍu i`oyd fu'fgdka 27l Odß;djh we;s wêmSvk yqud,ckl

hka;%hla ia:dmkh lsÍu'

keõ u.ska fndrf;,a ,nd.ekSu" msßmyÿj iy ksñ ksIamdok

fmfg%da,shï ksIamdok

m%Odk jYfhka msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok 10 la" ksIamdokh lrk w;r thska ksIamdok 09 la bkaOk jk w;r ìgquka bkaOkhla fkdfõ'

t,a'mS' jdhqj Tfgda ãi,a ridhksl kema;d iqmsß ãi,a fmg%,a oeú f;,a N+ñf;,a ;dr .=jkahdkd bkaOk tia' î' mS'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallh (Crude Distillation Unit – 01)

fndrf;,a msßmeye£fï l%shdj,sh wLKav l%shdj,shls wjqreÿ 3 l ld,hla wLKavj fuu l%shdj,sh

isÿlsÍu i|yd hka;%d.drh ie,iqï fldg we;' fuu ld,h wjidkfha kv;a;= yd m%;sixialrKh

lghq;= i|yd i;s 05 l muK ld,hlg hka;%d.drh jikq ,efí'

fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) /ila yryd hjd fmr r;alsÍfï l%shdj,shlg

(Pre-Heating) Ndckhlr" c,h iuÕ ñY% fldg ,jK bj;alsÍu msKsi úYd, nÿka follg (Desalted) hjkq ,efí'

fuys§ fndrf;,aj, wvx.= c,h fjkajk w;r" tA iuÕ fidaähï laf,darhsâ (NaCl), ue.aksishï

laf,darhsâ (MgCl2), le,aishï laf,darhsâ (CaCl

2) jeks ,jK o bj;a fõ' fufia fndrf;,a ,jK yd

c,h bj;a lrkq ,nkafka fuu ,jK j,ska iEfok wñ, uÕska fndrf;,a fhduq lrkq ,nk l=¿Kq"

Wÿka n÷ka" k, ud¾. wdÈfha u, ne£u we;s lrkq ,nk neúks'

,jK yd c,h bj;al, fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) yd úYd, W÷ka 2 la (Furnaces) uÕska 3650C l muK WIaK;ajhlg r;afldg wä 90la muK Wi fhdaO l=¿Kla

(tkï"C-1 l=¿K) fj; fhduqlrkq ,efí'

C-1 l=¿K ;=, isÿjk Nd.sl wdijk l%shdj,sh (Fractional Distillation) uÕska fndrf;,a my;

m%Odk fldgia 4 g fjka lrkq ,efí'

kema;d N+ñf;,a ãi,a È.= fYaIh ^óg wu;r iq¨ jYfhka 1] la muK ieye,a¨ jdhqka fjka lr.kq ,efí'&

kema;d j,ska fmg%,a ,nd .ekSu'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfha l=¿fka by<skau ,nd .kakd kema;d myiqfjka jdIam jk mdgla fkdue;s

øjhls' fuu øjfha wvx.+ f.kao.ï jeks wmøjH bj;alsÍu i|yd kema;d by< WIAK;ajh yd

mSvkh hgf;a W;afm%arl udOHfha yhsv%cka iu. m%;sl%shdjk kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating) kï l%shdj,sh isÿlrhs' kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating& l%shdj,sfha ,efnk ner kema;d

fldgi oyk .=Kdx.hla jk TlafÜka wxlh ^Octane Number& fjkialsÍu i`oyd W;afm%arl udOH

;=< ma,eÜf*dañka kï l%shdj,sh isÿlr fmg%,a ksmojhs'

LP .Eia fyj;a øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka iy ma,eÜf*dau¾ tallfhka fjkalr .kq ,nhs' jdhquh fldgia

ämafrdmkhsi¾ (Deporopanizer) tAllh ;=<ska hjd fm%dfmaka jdhqj jeks ieye,a¨ jdhqka bj;alr

.kq ,efí' bkamiq fuu jdhq ñY%Kh t,a'mS'Ô' fufrdlaia (LPG Merox) tallh ;+<ska hjd tys we;s

f.kao.ï bj;alr t,a'mS' jdhqj ksmojhs'

ridhksl kema;d iy úfYaI ;dmdxl wdfrdayK iamS;=(Chemical Naphtha and Special Boiling Point Solvent)

kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tallfha ,efnk w;sßla; kema;d" ridhksl kema;d f,i

n,d.drj,g wf,úlsÍu fyda wmkhkh lrkq ,efí' tfukau yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tAllfh-

ka ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ kema;d j,ska fldgila tia'î'mS tAllh (S.B.P Unit) ;=<ska hjd l¾udka;

Yd,dj, ødjlhla (Solvent) jYfhka Ndú;d lrk úfYaI ;dmdxlh wdfrdayK iam%s;= l,ska l,g

ksmojkq ,efí' fïjd ;sk¾ (Thinner) j, ødjlh jYfhka Ndú;d fõ'

,dïmq f;,a yd .=jkahdkd mxld f;,a ksmoùu (Jet-A1) N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh - 15

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a j, fj<|fmd,g ta wdldrhg ksl=;al< yels

.=Kdx. mj;sk neúka" ;jÿrg;a msßisÿ fkdfldg N+ñf;,a ^,dïmqf;,a& jYfhka fnodyeÍu i|yd

fldf,dkakdj ksudj fj; hjhs'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a úúO ;;ajhka md,kh lsÍfuka tkï" kshñ; ysudxlh (Freezing Point) mrdih mj;ajd .ekSfuka miqj tajd N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh (Kerosine Merox Unit) yryd hjkq ,efí' fuys§ N+ñf;,a j, u¾lemagka f,i l%shdldßj mj;akd f.kao.ï"

wvq l%shdldß vhsi,amhsv ixfhda.hla njg W;afm%arl Ndú;fhka yrjhs' fïjd uq,skau k,ud¾.

j,ska fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk fj; hjkq ,nk w;r" bkamiqj

lgqkdhl yd u;a;, cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm,j,a fj; bkaOk jYfhka ksl=;a lrkq ,nhs' fuuÕska

wm rgg úfoaY úksuh Wmhd.kS'

ysgmq msßmyÿ l,ukdldrtka'wd¾'wd¾' chfialr uy;d

^2011-2017&

ysgmq msßmyÿ l,ukdldrî'iS' chj¾Ok uy;d

^2007-2011&

ysgmq msßmyÿ l,ukdldrksu,a rdcmlaI uy;d

^1999-2007&

ysgmq msßmyÿ l,ukdldrã' pkaøfialr uy;d

^1975-1999&

1890 jif¾ Lkscf;,a Ndú;h N+ñf;,a (Kerosene) úÿ,s ckl hka;% u.ska úÿ,s W;amdokh i|yd

fld<U ì%iag,a ùÈfha ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a § (Billiard Room of Bristol Hotel) uq,skau jd¾;dfõ'

fojkqj 1895 § ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a (By Messrs Boustead Bros) l=vd úÿ,s n,d.drhla bÈlrk

,§' bkamiq 1902 j¾Ifha isg jdyk (Auto Mobile) Ndú;h bx.%Sis cd;slhka úiska wdrïN lsÍu;a

iu`. Lkscf;,a wdkhkh lEkaa iy ner,a u.ska wdkhkh lr fnodyeÍu isÿ ù we;'

YS% ,xldfõ Lksc f;,a jHdmdrfha uQ,slhka

fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

tAIshála fmfg%da,shï iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u'

fI,a iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

fI,a lïmeks T*a isf,daka

fudì,a ^iagekajEla&

tfida iud.u

le,afglaia iud.u

1956 § mej;s rch" ;%sl=Kdu,h Ök jrdfha bkaOk .nvd lsÍug ì%;dkHhka úiska f.dvk.d

;snQ gexls 101 lska hq;= gexls ixlS¾Kh cki;= lsÍug mshjr .kakd ,§' ta i|yd YS% ,xldfõ

rch úiska ì%;dkH rchg mjqï 250"000 l uqo,la f.jk ,§'

Bg wu;rj gexls 5 la fldf,dkakdj l,dm wxl 1 yS mej;s w;r" tajd Ndú;d lrk ,oafoa f;,a iud.ï úisks'

1957 § úfoaYSh iud.ï uÕska msßmyÿjla f.dvke.Su i|yd fhdackd bÈßm;a l<o rch th m%;sfCIam lrk ,§'

1958 § f;,a iud.u cki;= lrk f,i f;,a fiajlhka úiska jev j¾ckhla mj;ajk ,§'

bkamiq mshjfrka mshjr ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dfõ wNsjDoaêh mk; i|yka f,i jd¾;d ù we;'

1962 wfm%a,a 26 osk ,xldj ;=< Lksc f;,a wf,úh i|yd ;r`.ldÍj iyNd.s ùug fnÿïm,j,a mjrd .ekSfï ;SrKh l%shd;aul lsÍu'

1962 ud¾;= 14 Èk ˜ whsfkdfjda ˜ keu;s kefjka ksIamdÈ; Lksc f;,a" reishdfõ isg fld<U jrdhg f.k tau'

1962 wfm%a,a 28 fldf<dkakdfõ isg gexlsr: yd ÿïßh u.ska f;,a fnodyeÍu wdrïN lsÍu'

1964 wfm%a,a 01 Ök jrdh f;,a hka;%ia:dkh ixia:djg mjrd .ekSu'

Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj ìysù jir jir 2 lg miq 1963 wxl 5 orK mk; uÕska msßmyÿlrKhg iy .fõIKhg wjir ,enqKq w;r" tuÕska 25] la muK úfoaY úksuh b;sß lr.; yels njg ikd: úh'

Lksc f;,a msßmyÿ ilH;d wOHkh i|yd m%xYfha "Francais due Petrol" wdh;kh m;alrk ,§'

1963 mkf;a wxl 5 orK ixfYdaOkh uÕska msßmyÿlrKh iy .fõIKh i|yd wêldÍ;a-jh ,enqKs'

m%xYfha "Francais" wdh;kh úiska Èklg ner,a 38"000 l msßmyÿ Odß;djhlska hqla; msßmyÿjla ;ekSug ks¾foaY lrk ,§'

1967 § "Snam Proggetti", "Italy" we;=¨ ;j;a iud.ï 2 la úiska fgkav¾ bÈßm;a lrk ,§' "Snam Proggetti" wdh;kh fgkavrh i|yd f;drd.kakd ,§'

1967 uehs ui 07 jk Èk msßmyÿjg uq,a., ;nk ,§'

1968 j¾Ifha 4jk ld¾;=fõ§ 50 fofkl=f.ka hqla; ;dCIKsl iylrejka lKavdhula meñKshy'

1969 uehs 15 jk od "Verisella" kï fk!ld-fjys fndrf;,a f.kajd msßmyÿ gexls wx.khg fmdïm lrk ,§'

1969 uehs 25 jk od msßmyÿfõ úÿ,s n,d.drh l%shdlrjqï wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 5 jk Èk msßmyÿ fndrf;,a ixirKh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 6 jk Èk W÷ka iy oe,a, o,ajk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 07 Èk msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a wdijk l=¨kg fndrf;,a fhduqfldg ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 1 jk Èk jk úg msßmyÿfõ ish¨ ksIamdok tallhkaf.a ia:djrNdjh ;yjqre lrk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ks, iudrïNh 1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 12 jk Èk mj;ajk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN l< úfoaYSh ;dCIKsl iyldr lKavdhu úiska 1972 ckjdß 09 jk Èk Y%S ,xlsl l<ukdldÍ;ajhla fj; msßmyÿj Ndr lrk ,§'

úfoaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fykaß f,ó - msßmyÿ l,ukdldrW.H. fudiag¾Ü - fcHIaG ld¾ñl bxcsfkareR.N.n¾iaud - fufyhqï l<ukdldrL. jekav¾iaÆÜ - úÿ,s bxcsfkareJ.H. we,an¾Üia - mqyqKqlsrSï lsrSï yd ixj¾Ok m%OdksN. iafgd*afldm¾ - bxcsfkare mrSlaIlG. Ylauka - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,OdrsA.M. cka.a,Eka.¾ - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,Odrs

Lksc f;,a ''''''''''

f,dalfha n, Yla;s wjYH;dj imqrk m%Odk n, Yla;s m%Njhls th wo jk úg f,dalfha iudc

wd¾Ól fukau foaYmd,k lafIa;%hkag mjd iDcqj n,mEï lrkakg iu;a idOlhlaj mj;S'

fudkjo fï Lkscf;,a Lkscf;,a hkq fmdis, bkaOkhls'

fmdis, bkaOk hkq óg jir ñ,shk ;=kaishlg muK fmr hq.fha mDÓúfha úiQ Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx. (plankton) j,ska fmdis, bkaOk ;ekS we;' ñh.sh Ydl iy i;a;aj fldgia id.r m;=f,a ;ekam;aùfuka miq

ksrka;r f;rmSug" WIaK;ajhg iy nelaàßhd ÔrK l%shdj,shkg ,lafõ' fuu Ôù øjH ld,h;a

iu`. mdIdK ia:rhkaf.ka jeiS hhs' fï whqßka È.= ld,hla mqrd fuu Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx.

fN!;sl iy ridhksl l%shdoduhlg ,laùfuka fmdis, bkaOk ks¾udKh fõ' fuh Ôj ridhksl

l%shdj,shls (Bio Chemical Reaction).

wjidÈ; mdIdK ia:r iys; iqúfYaIs m%foaYhkays fndrf;,a ksOka.;j we;' Lkscf;,a yereKq úg

.,a w`.=re iy iajNdúl jdhqjo fmdis, bkaOk j,g wh;a fõ' fndrf;,a j, mj;sk m%Odk

uQ,øjH folls' tkï yhsv%cka yd ldnkah' fï ksid yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khla fndrf;,a kñka

ye`oskafõ' we,aflak" we,alSk" we,alhsk iy wefrdaueál wdoS yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khls'

fmdis, bkaOk j¾.SlrKh úúO fN!;sl iy ridhksl fya;+ka u; ;=ka wdldrhlg fmdis, bkaOk ;ekam;aùu isÿfõ'

1' >K - .,a w`.=re COAL

2' øj - fndr f;,a CRUDE OIL

3' jdhq - Lksc jdhqka NATURAL GAS

Lksc f;,a Ndú;hg .efkk wjia:d n,Yla;s m%Njhla f,i wuqøjHhla f,i

fudag¾ r: niar: wdÈfha bkaOkhla f,i iqj| ú,jqka yd wdf,amk i|yd

l¾udka; Yd,dj, bkaðka l%shdlrùu i|yd T!IO i|yd

.=jka hdkd iy keõ bkaOkhla f,i ma,diaála ksmoùug

úÿ,sn, W;amdokh i|yd f;,a ,sysis f;,a ksmoùug

t,a mS jdhqj ^.Dyia: mßfNdackh i`oyd& úúO ridhksl øjH ksIamdokh i|yd

fndrf;,a j, ixhq;sh m%;sY;h (wt%) ldnka 85 - 86

yhsv%cka 11 - 14

i,a*¾ 0'06 - 1'75

khsg%cka iq`: m%udKhla

Tlaiscka iq`: m%udKhla

,jk (Nacl2 Mgcl2) wxY= ud;%hla

hlv (Fe, Ni, v, cu ) wxY= ud;%hla

uKaä

c,h

ãi,a ksmoùu msßmyÿfõ ãi,a j¾. 3 la ksmoúh yel'

i. iqÿ ãi,a (Auto Diesel) ii. l¿ ãi,a (Heavy Diesel) iii. keõ ãi,a (Marine Diesel)

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd ãi,a fyj;a .Eia f;,a (Gas oil) yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAll folla iudka;rj Ndú;d lrñka f.kao.ï m%udKh kshñ; uÜgu olajd bj;a lrkq

,nhs' bkamiq fuu ãi,a fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk u.ska

fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

oeúf;,a (Fuel Oil) yd ;dr (Bituman) ksmoùu'

fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau msg;g .kakd l¿ meye;s Wl= Èhrhla jk È.= fYaIh (Long Residue) i|yd fj<|fmdf,ys fyd| b,a¨ula ke;' tneúka" m<uqfjkau fuu È.= fYaIfhka

fldgila úiaíf¾l¾ tAllh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<ska hjd ;dmh wdOdrfhka isÿjk l%shdj,shla

uÕska tys Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;dj wvqlr .kq ,nhs' úiaíf¾l¾ tallh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<

isÿjk l%shdj,sh uÕska my; i|yka ksIamdok fjkalr .kq ,efí'

i. úLKaä; fYaIh (Cracked Residue) ii. úLKaä; kema;d (Cracked Naphtha)iii. úLKaä; .Eiaf;,a (Cracked Gasoil)

úLKaä; fYaIhg wjYH m%udKhg úLKaä; .Eia f;,a uqiq lsÍfuka oeúf;,a j¾. lsysmhla ksmojkq ,efí fïjdfha tAll oelafjkafka frä jqâ ;;amrj,sks' fuu oeúf;,a Ys% ,xldfõ úÿ,s W;amdokh keõj, bkaOk jYfhka yd l¾udka; Yd,d bkaOkhla f,i Ndú;d fõ' w;sßla; oeúf;,a wmkhkh lrkq ,efí'

fuys§ iEfok úLKaä; kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAllh fj; fmg%,a ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i|yd fhduqlrkq ,nhs'

ßla; wdijk tallh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau ,nd .kakd È.= fYaIfhka fldgila" ßla; wdijk tAllh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) ;=<ska hjd tu fYaIfha ieye,a¨ yhsfv%dldnk ;jÿrg;a fjka lr.ekSfï m%;sM,hla f,i È.= fYaIfha Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;djh jeäú >k fYaIh (Short Residue) keue;s ixfhda.h ksmojd .ks' ksmojd.;a >k fYaIh" ;dr tllh (Bitumen Blowing Unit) yryd heùfuka jd;h iuÕ m%;sl%shdlr ;dr (Bitumen) ksmojd .kq ,efí' kuq;a fïjkúg msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i`oyd Ndú;djk u¾nka keue;s fndrf;,a j¾.fha os.= fYaIfhka ;dr (Bitumen) ksmoúh fkdyels neúka ;dr ksIamdokh i`oyd wdkhkh l, os.= fYaIh Ndú;d lrhs'

ßla; wdijk tallfha§ bj;alr.kakd yhsfv%dldnk ksIamdok folla f,i my; wdldrhg fjkalr .kS'

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Light Vacuum Oil) nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Heavy Vaccum Gas Oil)

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a iqÿ ãi,a ksmoùug fhdod.kakd w;r" nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a msßmyÿfõ

ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§ Wÿkaj, bkaOkhla jYfhka Ndú;d fõ' nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a oeúf;,a iuÕ

uqiq lsÍug o fhdod .kS'

msßmyÿfõ mshjr igyka

ilH;d wOHhkh = 1963Odß;dj = 38,000 bbl/dia:dkh = imq.ialkao ^wlalr 165&

fgkav¾ le|ùu = 1966fgkavrfha jákdlu = re' ñ,shk 180

uq,a., ;eîu = 1967 uehs 09 Èk

bÈlsÍïlre = Snam Progetti ( Italy) WmfoaYl;ajh = U. O. P. (U.S.A)újD; lsÍu = 1969.10.12j¾;udk Odß;dj = 51,000bbl/d 7.080 t (max)

f;,aa msßmyÿjl ksIamdok l%shdj,sh mshjr 3 lska isÿfõ'

1' wdijkh (Distillation) fuysÈ fndrf;,a kue;s yhsfv%dldnka ñY%Kfhka úúO WIaK;aj mrdihka j, >kSNjkh

jk (Condense) ksIamdok wjYH mßÈ fjkalr .ekSu isÿfõ'

2' msßisÿ lsÍu (Purification) fndrf;,a j, we;s ,jk j¾. ldnksl i,a*¾(S), khsg%cka(N), Tlaiscka(O) iy f,day(M) j¾. bj;a fldg msßisÿ lsÍfï ls%hdj,shhs' fuu.ska mßir ¥IKh yd Ndú; hka;%iQ;%j,

úLdokh wju ;;a;ajhl mj;ajd .kS'

3' mßj¾;kh (Conversion) yhsfv%dldnk j, ixhq;sh wjYH mßÈ ridhksl l%shdj,shla u.ska fjkia flf¾' fuu.ska

we,aflak" we,alSk jeks yhsfv%dldnk j, mrudKql jHqyhka fjkia fldg wefrdueál jeks

yhsfv%dldnksl j,g mßj¾;kh lsÍfï l%shdj,sh yryd fmg%,a bkaOkfha TlafÜka wxlh

95 g fyda 92 g by< kexùu yd os.=odu iys; yhsfv%dldnk fláodu iys; ixfhda.j,g

mßj¾:kh lsÍu WodyrKhla f,i oelaúh yel'

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha cd;Hka;r iïu;hka

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha§ f,dju ms<s.;a iïu;hka rdYshla ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§" ksIamdok fj<|

fmd<g iemhSfï §" kv;a;= lghq;= lsÍfï§" .Kkh lsÍfï§" mßirh" .sks m%fõiï iy fiajl

fi!LH wd§ jYfhka ia:dms; ù we;' tu iïu;hka mj;ajd f.k hk m%Odk wdh;k my; i|yka

fõ'

1. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) in the United States 2. ISO (international Organization for Standardization) which is at the international level 3. IP (Institute of petroleum) in the United Kingdom 4. API (American petroleum Institute) in the United States 5. OSHAS (Occupational Health and Safety Administration –USA) mßirh yd fiajl fi!LH iy wdrlaIdj i|yd

6. NFTA (National Fire Provencal Authority) - .sks wdYs%; iïu;hka i|yd

7. DOT (Department of Transportation) - ksIamdok" .nvd lsÍu yd m%jdykh i|yd

8. ANSI (American National Standard Institute)- iuia: kS;s yd fr.=,dis

.sksis¿ moaO;sh (Flare System)wjOdkïldÍ ksIamdok l%shdj,shla isÿlrk msßmyÿjl .sksis¿j (Flare System) úfYaIs;u" w;HdjYHu wdrlaIs; Wmdx.hhs' hka;%d.drfha úúO tAll ;=<ska ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ jdhqka" bkaOk jdhqka jYfhka msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha m%fõiï jE,aj" nÿka wdÈfhka ksoyiajk jdhqkao mSvkh wvq ieye,a¨ jdhQkao iy yosis wjia:djloS (In Emergency Situation) jdhq f.da,hg tlt,af,a lsis`ÿ yhsfv%dldnkhla fyda tA wdY%s; ksIamdokhla mßirhg uqodyeßh fkdyel' tfia uqodyeÍfuka mßir ¥IKh jk neúka" tu jdhqka b;d Wi wg,a,l§ oykhfldg uqodyÍ'

msßmyÿ l%shdj,sh i`oyd wjYH Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities)

msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha iuia: ksIamdok l%shdj,shg wjYH úÿ,sn,h" yqud,h" isis,k c,h" fiajd c,h" fndhsf,are i`oyd wjYH ,jK iy wmøjH rys; c,h" iïmSä; jdhQka" bkaOk jdhQ" oeúf;,a wdosh l%uj;aj iemhSu i`oyd ia:dms; moaO;Ska rdYshla yryd imhkq ,nkafka Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities) wxYh u.sks'

bkaOk ksIamdok fldf,dkakdj ksudj iy imq.ialkao f;la fmdïmlsÍu yd fnodyeÍu'

msßmyÿfõ ksmojk bkaOk ksIamdok j,ska fl,skau msßmyÿfjka fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrkq

,nkafka ^wf,úlrkafka& ;dr (Bitumen), t,a'mS' jdhqj yd oeúf;,a muKs' ;dr njqi¾ j,g f;d. jYfhka wf,ú lrkq ,efí' óg wu;rj msßmyÿfõ ksmojk øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj (LP Gas) .Eia iud.ï fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

imq.ialkao msßmyÿfõ Lksc f;,a ksIamdok flf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dkh olajd fmdïm lsÍu msKsi 6”, 8” yd 12” úYalïN j,ska hqla; k, 3 lska msßmyÿj yd fldf,dkakdj ksudj iïnkaO lr we;'

fldf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍï uOHia:dkh uÕska njqi¾" ÿïßh" l=vd keõ" fm!oa.,sl bkaOk jdyk wdÈh uÕska Lksc f;,a ksIamdok Y%S ,xldj mqrd fnodyßkq ,efí'

2000 j¾Ifha újD;l< imq.ialkao m¾hka;fha fmg%,a" N+ñf;,a" ãi,a" oeúf;,a iy .=jkahdkd bkaOk (Jet A1) wdoS ksIamdok 5 la fnodyßkq ,nhs'

imq.ialkao m¾hka;h

msßmyÿjg wkqnoaO imq.ialkao m¾hka;h ,xldfõ m<fjks iajhxl%Sh md,k fnodyeÍï moaO;shla iys; fnodyeÍï m¾hka;h jk w;r" th bkaOk .nvdlsÍfï gexls 12 iys; ksIamdok myla fnodyeÍfï myiqlï we;s msßmyÿj iu. k< ud¾. 04lska iïnkaëlrKh ù we;s msßmyÿfjka md,khjk fnodyeÍfï m¾hka;hhs'

fkú,A ùrfialr uy;d iu. 20 fofkl=f.ka hq;a l<ukdldr wNHdi,dNS lKavdhula msßmyÿfõ l<ukdldÍ;ajh i`oyd 1967 oS n`ojd .;a w;r" 1972 oS úfoaYSh md,kdêldßfhka ish¨ j.lSï Tjqka fj; mjrd we;'

foaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fkú,a ùrfialr D.M.E.S. nq,;aisxy, S. ùrj¾Ok S. isjfkaika D.S. chúl%u D. pkaøfialr S. isjiqkaorï T.M. m%kdkaÿ T.C. nlauka T.A.S. fm%auisß M.F.F. Tud¾ M. fm;shdf.dv W.A. isßfiak C. ùr;=x. M. .,mam;a;sf.a S. órd iySí G.D. óuevqu S. úl%uisxy D.N.G. mska.uf.a S.M.G. iurfldaka

tod mgka wo jk ;=re foaYSh jD;a;slhkaf.ka ieÿï ,;a l<uKdldÍ;ajhla hgf;a mqyqKq ld¾ñl

Ys,amSkaf.a Y%u odhl;ajfhka iy wfkl=;a ld¾hxY m%OdkSkaf.a oeä lemùfuka 1969 wf.daia;= 07

oe,ajQ .sksis¨j fkdksud nen<ùu › ,dxlsl ;dlaIKsl mqk¾Ôjh mK .ekajQ n, .ekajQ b;sydih

fufia igyka ;eìh hq;=h' 1979 - msßmÿfõ ksIamdok Odß;djh ner,a 51"000 olajd mq¨,a lsÍu'

1981 - .=jkahdkd bkaOk ksIamdokh i`oyd ksIamdok úhou wju jQ fufrdlaia m%;sldrl tAllh

ia:dms; lsÍu'

1983 - n,Yla;s wrmsßueiau i`oyd msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a W`ÿk oyk jdhq WKqiqïlrKhla

iu. kùlrKh lsÍu'

1986 - Tref.dvj;a; fndrf;,a .nvdlsÍfï gexls wx.kfha iy jrdfha isg ls'ó' 08la wE;ska msysá

fndahdfjys (SPBM) jevlghq;= wjika fldg úYd, fk!ld Ndú;fldg fndrf;,a wdkhkh

wdrïN lsÍu'

1992 - úúO fndrf;,a j¾. msßmeyeoSu i`oyd msßmyÿfõ fndrf;,a wdijk tAllh kùlrKh

lsÍu (Tapies Crude).1999 - fmg%,a oykfhka mßirhg jk ydksh wju lsÍu i`oyd TEL keue;s W;afmarl kj;d

m%ñ;s.; fmg%,a fjf<`ofmd,g iemhSug wjYH mßos ksIamdok tAllh kùlrKh lsÍu'

2000 - msßmyÿfõ úÿ,sn, iemhqfuys ia:djr;ajh i`oyd ãi,a úÿ,sckk hka;% folla ia:dms; lsÍu'

2003 - cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s.; ãi,a fjf<`om,g ksl=;alsÍu i`oyd ksIamdok tAll folla kùlrKh

lsÍu'

2013 - yhsfv%dàg¾ tAllh i`oyd wjYH yhsv%cka jdhq tAllhla iúlsÍu'

2015 - Wmfhda.Sn, wxYhg jdhqiïmSvl WmlrK folla iúlsÍu'

2017 - úÿ,sn, ksIamdokh ia:djr lsÍu i`oyd fu'fgdka 27l Odß;djh we;s wêmSvk yqud,ckl

hka;%hla ia:dmkh lsÍu'

m%:u ,dxlsl msßmyÿ l,ukdldrfkú,a ùrfialr uy;d^1972-1975&

keõ u.ska fndrf;,a ,nd.ekSu" msßmyÿj iy ksñ ksIamdok

fmfg%da,shï ksIamdok

m%Odk jYfhka msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok 10 la" ksIamdokh lrk w;r thska ksIamdok 09 la bkaOk jk w;r ìgquka bkaOkhla fkdfõ'

t,a'mS' jdhqj Tfgda ãi,a ridhksl kema;d iqmsß ãi,a fmg%,a oeú f;,a N+ñf;,a ;dr .=jkahdkd bkaOk tia' î' mS'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallh (Crude Distillation Unit – 01)

fndrf;,a msßmeye£fï l%shdj,sh wLKav l%shdj,shls wjqreÿ 3 l ld,hla wLKavj fuu l%shdj,sh

isÿlsÍu i|yd hka;%d.drh ie,iqï fldg we;' fuu ld,h wjidkfha kv;a;= yd m%;sixialrKh

lghq;= i|yd i;s 05 l muK ld,hlg hka;%d.drh jikq ,efí'

fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) /ila yryd hjd fmr r;alsÍfï l%shdj,shlg

(Pre-Heating) Ndckhlr" c,h iuÕ ñY% fldg ,jK bj;alsÍu msKsi úYd, nÿka follg (Desalted) hjkq ,efí'

fuys§ fndrf;,aj, wvx.= c,h fjkajk w;r" tA iuÕ fidaähï laf,darhsâ (NaCl), ue.aksishï

laf,darhsâ (MgCl2), le,aishï laf,darhsâ (CaCl

2) jeks ,jK o bj;a fõ' fufia fndrf;,a ,jK yd

c,h bj;a lrkq ,nkafka fuu ,jK j,ska iEfok wñ, uÕska fndrf;,a fhduq lrkq ,nk l=¿Kq"

Wÿka n÷ka" k, ud¾. wdÈfha u, ne£u we;s lrkq ,nk neúks'

,jK yd c,h bj;al, fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) yd úYd, W÷ka 2 la (Furnaces) uÕska 3650C l muK WIaK;ajhlg r;afldg wä 90la muK Wi fhdaO l=¿Kla

(tkï"C-1 l=¿K) fj; fhduqlrkq ,efí'

C-1 l=¿K ;=, isÿjk Nd.sl wdijk l%shdj,sh (Fractional Distillation) uÕska fndrf;,a my;

m%Odk fldgia 4 g fjka lrkq ,efí'

kema;d N+ñf;,a ãi,a È.= fYaIh ^óg wu;r iq¨ jYfhka 1] la muK ieye,a¨ jdhqka fjka lr.kq ,efí'&

kema;d j,ska fmg%,a ,nd .ekSu'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfha l=¿fka by<skau ,nd .kakd kema;d myiqfjka jdIam jk mdgla fkdue;s

øjhls' fuu øjfha wvx.+ f.kao.ï jeks wmøjH bj;alsÍu i|yd kema;d by< WIAK;ajh yd

mSvkh hgf;a W;afm%arl udOHfha yhsv%cka iu. m%;sl%shdjk kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating) kï l%shdj,sh isÿlrhs' kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating& l%shdj,sfha ,efnk ner kema;d

fldgi oyk .=Kdx.hla jk TlafÜka wxlh ^Octane Number& fjkialsÍu i`oyd W;afm%arl udOH

;=< ma,eÜf*dañka kï l%shdj,sh isÿlr fmg%,a ksmojhs'

LP .Eia fyj;a øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka iy ma,eÜf*dau¾ tallfhka fjkalr .kq ,nhs' jdhquh fldgia

ämafrdmkhsi¾ (Deporopanizer) tAllh ;=<ska hjd fm%dfmaka jdhqj jeks ieye,a¨ jdhqka bj;alr

.kq ,efí' bkamiq fuu jdhq ñY%Kh t,a'mS'Ô' fufrdlaia (LPG Merox) tallh ;+<ska hjd tys we;s

f.kao.ï bj;alr t,a'mS' jdhqj ksmojhs'

ridhksl kema;d iy úfYaI ;dmdxl wdfrdayK iamS;=(Chemical Naphtha and Special Boiling Point Solvent)

kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tallfha ,efnk w;sßla; kema;d" ridhksl kema;d f,i

n,d.drj,g wf,úlsÍu fyda wmkhkh lrkq ,efí' tfukau yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tAllfh-

ka ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ kema;d j,ska fldgila tia'î'mS tAllh (S.B.P Unit) ;=<ska hjd l¾udka;

Yd,dj, ødjlhla (Solvent) jYfhka Ndú;d lrk úfYaI ;dmdxlh wdfrdayK iam%s;= l,ska l,g

ksmojkq ,efí' fïjd ;sk¾ (Thinner) j, ødjlh jYfhka Ndú;d fõ'

,dïmq f;,a yd .=jkahdkd mxld f;,a ksmoùu (Jet-A1) N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh - 15

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a j, fj<|fmd,g ta wdldrhg ksl=;al< yels

.=Kdx. mj;sk neúka" ;jÿrg;a msßisÿ fkdfldg N+ñf;,a ^,dïmqf;,a& jYfhka fnodyeÍu i|yd

fldf,dkakdj ksudj fj; hjhs'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a úúO ;;ajhka md,kh lsÍfuka tkï" kshñ; ysudxlh (Freezing Point) mrdih mj;ajd .ekSfuka miqj tajd N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh (Kerosine Merox Unit) yryd hjkq ,efí' fuys§ N+ñf;,a j, u¾lemagka f,i l%shdldßj mj;akd f.kao.ï"

wvq l%shdldß vhsi,amhsv ixfhda.hla njg W;afm%arl Ndú;fhka yrjhs' fïjd uq,skau k,ud¾.

j,ska fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk fj; hjkq ,nk w;r" bkamiqj

lgqkdhl yd u;a;, cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm,j,a fj; bkaOk jYfhka ksl=;a lrkq ,nhs' fuuÕska

wm rgg úfoaY úksuh Wmhd.kS'

1890 jif¾ Lkscf;,a Ndú;h N+ñf;,a (Kerosene) úÿ,s ckl hka;% u.ska úÿ,s W;amdokh i|yd

fld<U ì%iag,a ùÈfha ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a § (Billiard Room of Bristol Hotel) uq,skau jd¾;dfõ'

fojkqj 1895 § ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a (By Messrs Boustead Bros) l=vd úÿ,s n,d.drhla bÈlrk

,§' bkamiq 1902 j¾Ifha isg jdyk (Auto Mobile) Ndú;h bx.%Sis cd;slhka úiska wdrïN lsÍu;a

iu`. Lkscf;,a wdkhkh lEkaa iy ner,a u.ska wdkhkh lr fnodyeÍu isÿ ù we;'

YS% ,xldfõ Lksc f;,a jHdmdrfha uQ,slhka

fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

tAIshála fmfg%da,shï iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u'

fI,a iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

fI,a lïmeks T*a isf,daka

fudì,a ^iagekajEla&

tfida iud.u

le,afglaia iud.u

1956 § mej;s rch" ;%sl=Kdu,h Ök jrdfha bkaOk .nvd lsÍug ì%;dkHhka úiska f.dvk.d

;snQ gexls 101 lska hq;= gexls ixlS¾Kh cki;= lsÍug mshjr .kakd ,§' ta i|yd YS% ,xldfõ

rch úiska ì%;dkH rchg mjqï 250"000 l uqo,la f.jk ,§'

Bg wu;rj gexls 5 la fldf,dkakdj l,dm wxl 1 yS mej;s w;r" tajd Ndú;d lrk ,oafoa f;,a iud.ï úisks'

1957 § úfoaYSh iud.ï uÕska msßmyÿjla f.dvke.Su i|yd fhdackd bÈßm;a l<o rch th m%;sfCIam lrk ,§'

1958 § f;,a iud.u cki;= lrk f,i f;,a fiajlhka úiska jev j¾ckhla mj;ajk ,§'

bkamiq mshjfrka mshjr ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dfõ wNsjDoaêh mk; i|yka f,i jd¾;d ù we;'

1962 wfm%a,a 26 osk ,xldj ;=< Lksc f;,a wf,úh i|yd ;r`.ldÍj iyNd.s ùug fnÿïm,j,a mjrd .ekSfï ;SrKh l%shd;aul lsÍu'

1962 ud¾;= 14 Èk ˜ whsfkdfjda ˜ keu;s kefjka ksIamdÈ; Lksc f;,a" reishdfõ isg fld<U jrdhg f.k tau'

1962 wfm%a,a 28 fldf<dkakdfõ isg gexlsr: yd ÿïßh u.ska f;,a fnodyeÍu wdrïN lsÍu'

1964 wfm%a,a 01 Ök jrdh f;,a hka;%ia:dkh ixia:djg mjrd .ekSu'

Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj ìysù jir jir 2 lg miq 1963 wxl 5 orK mk; uÕska msßmyÿlrKhg iy .fõIKhg wjir ,enqKq w;r" tuÕska 25] la muK úfoaY úksuh b;sß lr.; yels njg ikd: úh'

Lksc f;,a msßmyÿ ilH;d wOHkh i|yd m%xYfha "Francais due Petrol" wdh;kh m;alrk ,§'

1963 mkf;a wxl 5 orK ixfYdaOkh uÕska msßmyÿlrKh iy .fõIKh i|yd wêldÍ;a-jh ,enqKs'

m%xYfha "Francais" wdh;kh úiska Èklg ner,a 38"000 l msßmyÿ Odß;djhlska hqla; msßmyÿjla ;ekSug ks¾foaY lrk ,§'

1967 § "Snam Proggetti", "Italy" we;=¨ ;j;a iud.ï 2 la úiska fgkav¾ bÈßm;a lrk ,§' "Snam Proggetti" wdh;kh fgkavrh i|yd f;drd.kakd ,§'

1967 uehs ui 07 jk Èk msßmyÿjg uq,a., ;nk ,§'

1968 j¾Ifha 4jk ld¾;=fõ§ 50 fofkl=f.ka hqla; ;dCIKsl iylrejka lKavdhula meñKshy'

1969 uehs 15 jk od "Verisella" kï fk!ld-fjys fndrf;,a f.kajd msßmyÿ gexls wx.khg fmdïm lrk ,§'

1969 uehs 25 jk od msßmyÿfõ úÿ,s n,d.drh l%shdlrjqï wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 5 jk Èk msßmyÿ fndrf;,a ixirKh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 6 jk Èk W÷ka iy oe,a, o,ajk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 07 Èk msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a wdijk l=¨kg fndrf;,a fhduqfldg ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 1 jk Èk jk úg msßmyÿfõ ish¨ ksIamdok tallhkaf.a ia:djrNdjh ;yjqre lrk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ks, iudrïNh 1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 12 jk Èk mj;ajk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN l< úfoaYSh ;dCIKsl iyldr lKavdhu úiska 1972 ckjdß 09 jk Èk Y%S ,xlsl l<ukdldÍ;ajhla fj; msßmyÿj Ndr lrk ,§'

úfoaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fykaß f,ó - msßmyÿ l,ukdldrW.H. fudiag¾Ü - fcHIaG ld¾ñl bxcsfkareR.N.n¾iaud - fufyhqï l<ukdldrL. jekav¾iaÆÜ - úÿ,s bxcsfkareJ.H. we,an¾Üia - mqyqKqlsrSï lsrSï yd ixj¾Ok m%OdksN. iafgd*afldm¾ - bxcsfkare mrSlaIlG. Ylauka - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,OdrsA.M. cka.a,Eka.¾ - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,Odrs

Lksc f;,a ''''''''''

f,dalfha n, Yla;s wjYH;dj imqrk m%Odk n, Yla;s m%Njhls th wo jk úg f,dalfha iudc

wd¾Ól fukau foaYmd,k lafIa;%hkag mjd iDcqj n,mEï lrkakg iu;a idOlhlaj mj;S'

fudkjo fï Lkscf;,a Lkscf;,a hkq fmdis, bkaOkhls'

fmdis, bkaOk hkq óg jir ñ,shk ;=kaishlg muK fmr hq.fha mDÓúfha úiQ Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx. (plankton) j,ska fmdis, bkaOk ;ekS we;' ñh.sh Ydl iy i;a;aj fldgia id.r m;=f,a ;ekam;aùfuka miq

ksrka;r f;rmSug" WIaK;ajhg iy nelaàßhd ÔrK l%shdj,shkg ,lafõ' fuu Ôù øjH ld,h;a

iu`. mdIdK ia:rhkaf.ka jeiS hhs' fï whqßka È.= ld,hla mqrd fuu Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx.

fN!;sl iy ridhksl l%shdoduhlg ,laùfuka fmdis, bkaOk ks¾udKh fõ' fuh Ôj ridhksl

l%shdj,shls (Bio Chemical Reaction).

wjidÈ; mdIdK ia:r iys; iqúfYaIs m%foaYhkays fndrf;,a ksOka.;j we;' Lkscf;,a yereKq úg

.,a w`.=re iy iajNdúl jdhqjo fmdis, bkaOk j,g wh;a fõ' fndrf;,a j, mj;sk m%Odk

uQ,øjH folls' tkï yhsv%cka yd ldnkah' fï ksid yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khla fndrf;,a kñka

ye`oskafõ' we,aflak" we,alSk" we,alhsk iy wefrdaueál wdoS yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khls'

fmdis, bkaOk j¾.SlrKh úúO fN!;sl iy ridhksl fya;+ka u; ;=ka wdldrhlg fmdis, bkaOk ;ekam;aùu isÿfõ'

1' >K - .,a w`.=re COAL

2' øj - fndr f;,a CRUDE OIL

3' jdhq - Lksc jdhqka NATURAL GAS

Lksc f;,a Ndú;hg .efkk wjia:d n,Yla;s m%Njhla f,i wuqøjHhla f,i

fudag¾ r: niar: wdÈfha bkaOkhla f,i iqj| ú,jqka yd wdf,amk i|yd

l¾udka; Yd,dj, bkaðka l%shdlrùu i|yd T!IO i|yd

.=jka hdkd iy keõ bkaOkhla f,i ma,diaála ksmoùug

úÿ,sn, W;amdokh i|yd f;,a ,sysis f;,a ksmoùug

t,a mS jdhqj ^.Dyia: mßfNdackh i`oyd& úúO ridhksl øjH ksIamdokh i|yd

fndrf;,a j, ixhq;sh m%;sY;h (wt%) ldnka 85 - 86

yhsv%cka 11 - 14

i,a*¾ 0'06 - 1'75

khsg%cka iq`: m%udKhla

Tlaiscka iq`: m%udKhla

,jk (Nacl2 Mgcl2) wxY= ud;%hla

hlv (Fe, Ni, v, cu ) wxY= ud;%hla

uKaä

c,h

ãi,a ksmoùu msßmyÿfõ ãi,a j¾. 3 la ksmoúh yel'

i. iqÿ ãi,a (Auto Diesel) ii. l¿ ãi,a (Heavy Diesel) iii. keõ ãi,a (Marine Diesel)

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd ãi,a fyj;a .Eia f;,a (Gas oil) yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAll folla iudka;rj Ndú;d lrñka f.kao.ï m%udKh kshñ; uÜgu olajd bj;a lrkq

,nhs' bkamiq fuu ãi,a fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk u.ska

fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

oeúf;,a (Fuel Oil) yd ;dr (Bituman) ksmoùu'

fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau msg;g .kakd l¿ meye;s Wl= Èhrhla jk È.= fYaIh (Long Residue) i|yd fj<|fmdf,ys fyd| b,a¨ula ke;' tneúka" m<uqfjkau fuu È.= fYaIfhka

fldgila úiaíf¾l¾ tAllh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<ska hjd ;dmh wdOdrfhka isÿjk l%shdj,shla

uÕska tys Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;dj wvqlr .kq ,nhs' úiaíf¾l¾ tallh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<

isÿjk l%shdj,sh uÕska my; i|yka ksIamdok fjkalr .kq ,efí'

i. úLKaä; fYaIh (Cracked Residue) ii. úLKaä; kema;d (Cracked Naphtha)iii. úLKaä; .Eiaf;,a (Cracked Gasoil)

úLKaä; fYaIhg wjYH m%udKhg úLKaä; .Eia f;,a uqiq lsÍfuka oeúf;,a j¾. lsysmhla ksmojkq ,efí fïjdfha tAll oelafjkafka frä jqâ ;;amrj,sks' fuu oeúf;,a Ys% ,xldfõ úÿ,s W;amdokh keõj, bkaOk jYfhka yd l¾udka; Yd,d bkaOkhla f,i Ndú;d fõ' w;sßla; oeúf;,a wmkhkh lrkq ,efí'

fuys§ iEfok úLKaä; kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAllh fj; fmg%,a ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i|yd fhduqlrkq ,nhs'

ßla; wdijk tallh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau ,nd .kakd È.= fYaIfhka fldgila" ßla; wdijk tAllh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) ;=<ska hjd tu fYaIfha ieye,a¨ yhsfv%dldnk ;jÿrg;a fjka lr.ekSfï m%;sM,hla f,i È.= fYaIfha Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;djh jeäú >k fYaIh (Short Residue) keue;s ixfhda.h ksmojd .ks' ksmojd.;a >k fYaIh" ;dr tllh (Bitumen Blowing Unit) yryd heùfuka jd;h iuÕ m%;sl%shdlr ;dr (Bitumen) ksmojd .kq ,efí' kuq;a fïjkúg msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i`oyd Ndú;djk u¾nka keue;s fndrf;,a j¾.fha os.= fYaIfhka ;dr (Bitumen) ksmoúh fkdyels neúka ;dr ksIamdokh i`oyd wdkhkh l, os.= fYaIh Ndú;d lrhs'

ßla; wdijk tallfha§ bj;alr.kakd yhsfv%dldnk ksIamdok folla f,i my; wdldrhg fjkalr .kS'

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Light Vacuum Oil) nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Heavy Vaccum Gas Oil)

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a iqÿ ãi,a ksmoùug fhdod.kakd w;r" nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a msßmyÿfõ

ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§ Wÿkaj, bkaOkhla jYfhka Ndú;d fõ' nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a oeúf;,a iuÕ

uqiq lsÍug o fhdod .kS'

msßmyÿfõ mshjr igyka

ilH;d wOHhkh = 1963Odß;dj = 38,000 bbl/dia:dkh = imq.ialkao ^wlalr 165&

fgkav¾ le|ùu = 1966fgkavrfha jákdlu = re' ñ,shk 180

uq,a., ;eîu = 1967 uehs 09 Èk

bÈlsÍïlre = Snam Progetti ( Italy) WmfoaYl;ajh = U. O. P. (U.S.A)újD; lsÍu = 1969.10.12j¾;udk Odß;dj = 51,000bbl/d 7.080 t (max)

f;,aa msßmyÿjl ksIamdok l%shdj,sh mshjr 3 lska isÿfõ'

1' wdijkh (Distillation) fuysÈ fndrf;,a kue;s yhsfv%dldnka ñY%Kfhka úúO WIaK;aj mrdihka j, >kSNjkh

jk (Condense) ksIamdok wjYH mßÈ fjkalr .ekSu isÿfõ'

2' msßisÿ lsÍu (Purification) fndrf;,a j, we;s ,jk j¾. ldnksl i,a*¾(S), khsg%cka(N), Tlaiscka(O) iy f,day(M) j¾. bj;a fldg msßisÿ lsÍfï ls%hdj,shhs' fuu.ska mßir ¥IKh yd Ndú; hka;%iQ;%j,

úLdokh wju ;;a;ajhl mj;ajd .kS'

3' mßj¾;kh (Conversion) yhsfv%dldnk j, ixhq;sh wjYH mßÈ ridhksl l%shdj,shla u.ska fjkia flf¾' fuu.ska

we,aflak" we,alSk jeks yhsfv%dldnk j, mrudKql jHqyhka fjkia fldg wefrdueál jeks

yhsfv%dldnksl j,g mßj¾;kh lsÍfï l%shdj,sh yryd fmg%,a bkaOkfha TlafÜka wxlh

95 g fyda 92 g by< kexùu yd os.=odu iys; yhsfv%dldnk fláodu iys; ixfhda.j,g

mßj¾:kh lsÍu WodyrKhla f,i oelaúh yel'

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha cd;Hka;r iïu;hka

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha§ f,dju ms<s.;a iïu;hka rdYshla ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§" ksIamdok fj<|

fmd<g iemhSfï §" kv;a;= lghq;= lsÍfï§" .Kkh lsÍfï§" mßirh" .sks m%fõiï iy fiajl

fi!LH wd§ jYfhka ia:dms; ù we;' tu iïu;hka mj;ajd f.k hk m%Odk wdh;k my; i|yka

fõ'

1. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) in the United States 2. ISO (international Organization for Standardization) which is at the international level 3. IP (Institute of petroleum) in the United Kingdom 4. API (American petroleum Institute) in the United States 5. OSHAS (Occupational Health and Safety Administration –USA) mßirh yd fiajl fi!LH iy wdrlaIdj i|yd

6. NFTA (National Fire Provencal Authority) - .sks wdYs%; iïu;hka i|yd

7. DOT (Department of Transportation) - ksIamdok" .nvd lsÍu yd m%jdykh i|yd

8. ANSI (American National Standard Institute)- iuia: kS;s yd fr.=,dis

.sksis¿ moaO;sh (Flare System)wjOdkïldÍ ksIamdok l%shdj,shla isÿlrk msßmyÿjl .sksis¿j (Flare System) úfYaIs;u" w;HdjYHu wdrlaIs; Wmdx.hhs' hka;%d.drfha úúO tAll ;=<ska ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ jdhqka" bkaOk jdhqka jYfhka msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha m%fõiï jE,aj" nÿka wdÈfhka ksoyiajk jdhqkao mSvkh wvq ieye,a¨ jdhQkao iy yosis wjia:djloS (In Emergency Situation) jdhq f.da,hg tlt,af,a lsis`ÿ yhsfv%dldnkhla fyda tA wdY%s; ksIamdokhla mßirhg uqodyeßh fkdyel' tfia uqodyeÍfuka mßir ¥IKh jk neúka" tu jdhqka b;d Wi wg,a,l§ oykhfldg uqodyÍ'

msßmyÿ l%shdj,sh i`oyd wjYH Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities)

msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha iuia: ksIamdok l%shdj,shg wjYH úÿ,sn,h" yqud,h" isis,k c,h" fiajd c,h" fndhsf,are i`oyd wjYH ,jK iy wmøjH rys; c,h" iïmSä; jdhQka" bkaOk jdhQ" oeúf;,a wdosh l%uj;aj iemhSu i`oyd ia:dms; moaO;Ska rdYshla yryd imhkq ,nkafka Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities) wxYh u.sks'

bkaOk ksIamdok fldf,dkakdj ksudj iy imq.ialkao f;la fmdïmlsÍu yd fnodyeÍu'

msßmyÿfõ ksmojk bkaOk ksIamdok j,ska fl,skau msßmyÿfjka fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrkq

,nkafka ^wf,úlrkafka& ;dr (Bitumen), t,a'mS' jdhqj yd oeúf;,a muKs' ;dr njqi¾ j,g f;d. jYfhka wf,ú lrkq ,efí' óg wu;rj msßmyÿfõ ksmojk øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj (LP Gas) .Eia iud.ï fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

imq.ialkao msßmyÿfõ Lksc f;,a ksIamdok flf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dkh olajd fmdïm lsÍu msKsi 6”, 8” yd 12” úYalïN j,ska hqla; k, 3 lska msßmyÿj yd fldf,dkakdj ksudj iïnkaO lr we;'

fldf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍï uOHia:dkh uÕska njqi¾" ÿïßh" l=vd keõ" fm!oa.,sl bkaOk jdyk wdÈh uÕska Lksc f;,a ksIamdok Y%S ,xldj mqrd fnodyßkq ,efí'

2000 j¾Ifha újD;l< imq.ialkao m¾hka;fha fmg%,a" N+ñf;,a" ãi,a" oeúf;,a iy .=jkahdkd bkaOk (Jet A1) wdoS ksIamdok 5 la fnodyßkq ,nhs'

imq.ialkao m¾hka;h

msßmyÿjg wkqnoaO imq.ialkao m¾hka;h ,xldfõ m<fjks iajhxl%Sh md,k fnodyeÍï moaO;shla iys; fnodyeÍï m¾hka;h jk w;r" th bkaOk .nvdlsÍfï gexls 12 iys; ksIamdok myla fnodyeÍfï myiqlï we;s msßmyÿj iu. k< ud¾. 04lska iïnkaëlrKh ù we;s msßmyÿfjka md,khjk fnodyeÍfï m¾hka;hhs'

fkú,A ùrfialr uy;d iu. 20 fofkl=f.ka hq;a l<ukdldr wNHdi,dNS lKavdhula msßmyÿfõ l<ukdldÍ;ajh i`oyd 1967 oS n`ojd .;a w;r" 1972 oS úfoaYSh md,kdêldßfhka ish¨ j.lSï Tjqka fj; mjrd we;'

foaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fkú,a ùrfialr D.M.E.S. nq,;aisxy, S. ùrj¾Ok S. isjfkaika D.S. chúl%u D. pkaøfialr S. isjiqkaorï T.M. m%kdkaÿ T.C. nlauka T.A.S. fm%auisß M.F.F. Tud¾ M. fm;shdf.dv W.A. isßfiak C. ùr;=x. M. .,mam;a;sf.a S. órd iySí G.D. óuevqu S. úl%uisxy D.N.G. mska.uf.a S.M.G. iurfldaka

tod mgka wo jk ;=re foaYSh jD;a;slhkaf.ka ieÿï ,;a l<uKdldÍ;ajhla hgf;a mqyqKq ld¾ñl

Ys,amSkaf.a Y%u odhl;ajfhka iy wfkl=;a ld¾hxY m%OdkSkaf.a oeä lemùfuka 1969 wf.daia;= 07

oe,ajQ .sksis¨j fkdksud nen<ùu › ,dxlsl ;dlaIKsl mqk¾Ôjh mK .ekajQ n, .ekajQ b;sydih

fufia igyka ;eìh hq;=h' 1979 - msßmÿfõ ksIamdok Odß;djh ner,a 51"000 olajd mq¨,a lsÍu'

1981 - .=jkahdkd bkaOk ksIamdokh i`oyd ksIamdok úhou wju jQ fufrdlaia m%;sldrl tAllh

ia:dms; lsÍu'

1983 - n,Yla;s wrmsßueiau i`oyd msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a W`ÿk oyk jdhq WKqiqïlrKhla

iu. kùlrKh lsÍu'

1986 - Tref.dvj;a; fndrf;,a .nvdlsÍfï gexls wx.kfha iy jrdfha isg ls'ó' 08la wE;ska msysá

fndahdfjys (SPBM) jevlghq;= wjika fldg úYd, fk!ld Ndú;fldg fndrf;,a wdkhkh

wdrïN lsÍu'

1992 - úúO fndrf;,a j¾. msßmeyeoSu i`oyd msßmyÿfõ fndrf;,a wdijk tAllh kùlrKh

lsÍu (Tapies Crude).1999 - fmg%,a oykfhka mßirhg jk ydksh wju lsÍu i`oyd TEL keue;s W;afmarl kj;d

m%ñ;s.; fmg%,a fjf<`ofmd,g iemhSug wjYH mßos ksIamdok tAllh kùlrKh lsÍu'

2000 - msßmyÿfõ úÿ,sn, iemhqfuys ia:djr;ajh i`oyd ãi,a úÿ,sckk hka;% folla ia:dms; lsÍu'

2003 - cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s.; ãi,a fjf<`om,g ksl=;alsÍu i`oyd ksIamdok tAll folla kùlrKh

lsÍu'

2013 - yhsfv%dàg¾ tAllh i`oyd wjYH yhsv%cka jdhq tAllhla iúlsÍu'

2015 - Wmfhda.Sn, wxYhg jdhqiïmSvl WmlrK folla iúlsÍu'

2017 - úÿ,sn, ksIamdokh ia:djr lsÍu i`oyd fu'fgdka 27l Odß;djh we;s wêmSvk yqud,ckl

hka;%hla ia:dmkh lsÍu'

keõ u.ska fndrf;,a ,nd.ekSu" msßmyÿj iy ksñ ksIamdok

fmfg%da,shï ksIamdok

m%Odk jYfhka msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok 10 la" ksIamdokh lrk w;r thska ksIamdok 09 la bkaOk jk w;r ìgquka bkaOkhla fkdfõ'

t,a'mS' jdhqj Tfgda ãi,a ridhksl kema;d iqmsß ãi,a fmg%,a oeú f;,a N+ñf;,a ;dr .=jkahdkd bkaOk tia' î' mS'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallh (Crude Distillation Unit – 01)

fndrf;,a msßmeye£fï l%shdj,sh wLKav l%shdj,shls wjqreÿ 3 l ld,hla wLKavj fuu l%shdj,sh

isÿlsÍu i|yd hka;%d.drh ie,iqï fldg we;' fuu ld,h wjidkfha kv;a;= yd m%;sixialrKh

lghq;= i|yd i;s 05 l muK ld,hlg hka;%d.drh jikq ,efí'

fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) /ila yryd hjd fmr r;alsÍfï l%shdj,shlg

(Pre-Heating) Ndckhlr" c,h iuÕ ñY% fldg ,jK bj;alsÍu msKsi úYd, nÿka follg (Desalted) hjkq ,efí'

fuys§ fndrf;,aj, wvx.= c,h fjkajk w;r" tA iuÕ fidaähï laf,darhsâ (NaCl), ue.aksishï

laf,darhsâ (MgCl2), le,aishï laf,darhsâ (CaCl

2) jeks ,jK o bj;a fõ' fufia fndrf;,a ,jK yd

c,h bj;a lrkq ,nkafka fuu ,jK j,ska iEfok wñ, uÕska fndrf;,a fhduq lrkq ,nk l=¿Kq"

Wÿka n÷ka" k, ud¾. wdÈfha u, ne£u we;s lrkq ,nk neúks'

,jK yd c,h bj;al, fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) yd úYd, W÷ka 2 la (Furnaces) uÕska 3650C l muK WIaK;ajhlg r;afldg wä 90la muK Wi fhdaO l=¿Kla

(tkï"C-1 l=¿K) fj; fhduqlrkq ,efí'

C-1 l=¿K ;=, isÿjk Nd.sl wdijk l%shdj,sh (Fractional Distillation) uÕska fndrf;,a my;

m%Odk fldgia 4 g fjka lrkq ,efí'

kema;d N+ñf;,a ãi,a È.= fYaIh ^óg wu;r iq¨ jYfhka 1] la muK ieye,a¨ jdhqka fjka lr.kq ,efí'&

kema;d j,ska fmg%,a ,nd .ekSu'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfha l=¿fka by<skau ,nd .kakd kema;d myiqfjka jdIam jk mdgla fkdue;s

øjhls' fuu øjfha wvx.+ f.kao.ï jeks wmøjH bj;alsÍu i|yd kema;d by< WIAK;ajh yd

mSvkh hgf;a W;afm%arl udOHfha yhsv%cka iu. m%;sl%shdjk kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating) kï l%shdj,sh isÿlrhs' kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating& l%shdj,sfha ,efnk ner kema;d

fldgi oyk .=Kdx.hla jk TlafÜka wxlh ^Octane Number& fjkialsÍu i`oyd W;afm%arl udOH

;=< ma,eÜf*dañka kï l%shdj,sh isÿlr fmg%,a ksmojhs'

LP .Eia fyj;a øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka iy ma,eÜf*dau¾ tallfhka fjkalr .kq ,nhs' jdhquh fldgia

ämafrdmkhsi¾ (Deporopanizer) tAllh ;=<ska hjd fm%dfmaka jdhqj jeks ieye,a¨ jdhqka bj;alr

.kq ,efí' bkamiq fuu jdhq ñY%Kh t,a'mS'Ô' fufrdlaia (LPG Merox) tallh ;+<ska hjd tys we;s

f.kao.ï bj;alr t,a'mS' jdhqj ksmojhs'

ridhksl kema;d iy úfYaI ;dmdxl wdfrdayK iamS;=(Chemical Naphtha and Special Boiling Point Solvent)

kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tallfha ,efnk w;sßla; kema;d" ridhksl kema;d f,i

n,d.drj,g wf,úlsÍu fyda wmkhkh lrkq ,efí' tfukau yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tAllfh-

ka ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ kema;d j,ska fldgila tia'î'mS tAllh (S.B.P Unit) ;=<ska hjd l¾udka;

Yd,dj, ødjlhla (Solvent) jYfhka Ndú;d lrk úfYaI ;dmdxlh wdfrdayK iam%s;= l,ska l,g

ksmojkq ,efí' fïjd ;sk¾ (Thinner) j, ødjlh jYfhka Ndú;d fõ'

,dïmq f;,a yd .=jkahdkd mxld f;,a ksmoùu (Jet-A1) N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh - 15

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a j, fj<|fmd,g ta wdldrhg ksl=;al< yels

.=Kdx. mj;sk neúka" ;jÿrg;a msßisÿ fkdfldg N+ñf;,a ^,dïmqf;,a& jYfhka fnodyeÍu i|yd

fldf,dkakdj ksudj fj; hjhs'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a úúO ;;ajhka md,kh lsÍfuka tkï" kshñ; ysudxlh (Freezing Point) mrdih mj;ajd .ekSfuka miqj tajd N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh (Kerosine Merox Unit) yryd hjkq ,efí' fuys§ N+ñf;,a j, u¾lemagka f,i l%shdldßj mj;akd f.kao.ï"

wvq l%shdldß vhsi,amhsv ixfhda.hla njg W;afm%arl Ndú;fhka yrjhs' fïjd uq,skau k,ud¾.

j,ska fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk fj; hjkq ,nk w;r" bkamiqj

lgqkdhl yd u;a;, cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm,j,a fj; bkaOk jYfhka ksl=;a lrkq ,nhs' fuuÕska

wm rgg úfoaY úksuh Wmhd.kS'

1890 jif¾ Lkscf;,a Ndú;h N+ñf;,a (Kerosene) úÿ,s ckl hka;% u.ska úÿ,s W;amdokh i|yd

fld<U ì%iag,a ùÈfha ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a § (Billiard Room of Bristol Hotel) uq,skau jd¾;dfõ'

fojkqj 1895 § ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a (By Messrs Boustead Bros) l=vd úÿ,s n,d.drhla bÈlrk

,§' bkamiq 1902 j¾Ifha isg jdyk (Auto Mobile) Ndú;h bx.%Sis cd;slhka úiska wdrïN lsÍu;a

iu`. Lkscf;,a wdkhkh lEkaa iy ner,a u.ska wdkhkh lr fnodyeÍu isÿ ù we;'

YS% ,xldfõ Lksc f;,a jHdmdrfha uQ,slhka

fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

tAIshála fmfg%da,shï iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u'

fI,a iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

fI,a lïmeks T*a isf,daka

fudì,a ^iagekajEla&

tfida iud.u

le,afglaia iud.u

1956 § mej;s rch" ;%sl=Kdu,h Ök jrdfha bkaOk .nvd lsÍug ì%;dkHhka úiska f.dvk.d

;snQ gexls 101 lska hq;= gexls ixlS¾Kh cki;= lsÍug mshjr .kakd ,§' ta i|yd YS% ,xldfõ

rch úiska ì%;dkH rchg mjqï 250"000 l uqo,la f.jk ,§'

Bg wu;rj gexls 5 la fldf,dkakdj l,dm wxl 1 yS mej;s w;r" tajd Ndú;d lrk ,oafoa f;,a iud.ï úisks'

1957 § úfoaYSh iud.ï uÕska msßmyÿjla f.dvke.Su i|yd fhdackd bÈßm;a l<o rch th m%;sfCIam lrk ,§'

1958 § f;,a iud.u cki;= lrk f,i f;,a fiajlhka úiska jev j¾ckhla mj;ajk ,§'

bkamiq mshjfrka mshjr ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dfõ wNsjDoaêh mk; i|yka f,i jd¾;d ù we;'

1962 wfm%a,a 26 osk ,xldj ;=< Lksc f;,a wf,úh i|yd ;r`.ldÍj iyNd.s ùug fnÿïm,j,a mjrd .ekSfï ;SrKh l%shd;aul lsÍu'

1962 ud¾;= 14 Èk ˜ whsfkdfjda ˜ keu;s kefjka ksIamdÈ; Lksc f;,a" reishdfõ isg fld<U jrdhg f.k tau'

1962 wfm%a,a 28 fldf<dkakdfõ isg gexlsr: yd ÿïßh u.ska f;,a fnodyeÍu wdrïN lsÍu'

1964 wfm%a,a 01 Ök jrdh f;,a hka;%ia:dkh ixia:djg mjrd .ekSu'

Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj ìysù jir jir 2 lg miq 1963 wxl 5 orK mk; uÕska msßmyÿlrKhg iy .fõIKhg wjir ,enqKq w;r" tuÕska 25] la muK úfoaY úksuh b;sß lr.; yels njg ikd: úh'

Lksc f;,a msßmyÿ ilH;d wOHkh i|yd m%xYfha "Francais due Petrol" wdh;kh m;alrk ,§'

1963 mkf;a wxl 5 orK ixfYdaOkh uÕska msßmyÿlrKh iy .fõIKh i|yd wêldÍ;a-jh ,enqKs'

m%xYfha "Francais" wdh;kh úiska Èklg ner,a 38"000 l msßmyÿ Odß;djhlska hqla; msßmyÿjla ;ekSug ks¾foaY lrk ,§'

1967 § "Snam Proggetti", "Italy" we;=¨ ;j;a iud.ï 2 la úiska fgkav¾ bÈßm;a lrk ,§' "Snam Proggetti" wdh;kh fgkavrh i|yd f;drd.kakd ,§'

1967 uehs ui 07 jk Èk msßmyÿjg uq,a., ;nk ,§'

1968 j¾Ifha 4jk ld¾;=fõ§ 50 fofkl=f.ka hqla; ;dCIKsl iylrejka lKavdhula meñKshy'

1969 uehs 15 jk od "Verisella" kï fk!ld-fjys fndrf;,a f.kajd msßmyÿ gexls wx.khg fmdïm lrk ,§'

1969 uehs 25 jk od msßmyÿfõ úÿ,s n,d.drh l%shdlrjqï wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 5 jk Èk msßmyÿ fndrf;,a ixirKh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 6 jk Èk W÷ka iy oe,a, o,ajk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 07 Èk msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a wdijk l=¨kg fndrf;,a fhduqfldg ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 1 jk Èk jk úg msßmyÿfõ ish¨ ksIamdok tallhkaf.a ia:djrNdjh ;yjqre lrk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ks, iudrïNh 1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 12 jk Èk mj;ajk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN l< úfoaYSh ;dCIKsl iyldr lKavdhu úiska 1972 ckjdß 09 jk Èk Y%S ,xlsl l<ukdldÍ;ajhla fj; msßmyÿj Ndr lrk ,§'

úfoaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fykaß f,ó - msßmyÿ l,ukdldrW.H. fudiag¾Ü - fcHIaG ld¾ñl bxcsfkareR.N.n¾iaud - fufyhqï l<ukdldrL. jekav¾iaÆÜ - úÿ,s bxcsfkareJ.H. we,an¾Üia - mqyqKqlsrSï lsrSï yd ixj¾Ok m%OdksN. iafgd*afldm¾ - bxcsfkare mrSlaIlG. Ylauka - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,OdrsA.M. cka.a,Eka.¾ - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,Odrs

Lksc f;,a ''''''''''

f,dalfha n, Yla;s wjYH;dj imqrk m%Odk n, Yla;s m%Njhls th wo jk úg f,dalfha iudc

wd¾Ól fukau foaYmd,k lafIa;%hkag mjd iDcqj n,mEï lrkakg iu;a idOlhlaj mj;S'

fudkjo fï Lkscf;,a Lkscf;,a hkq fmdis, bkaOkhls'

fmdis, bkaOk hkq óg jir ñ,shk ;=kaishlg muK fmr hq.fha mDÓúfha úiQ Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx. (plankton) j,ska fmdis, bkaOk ;ekS we;' ñh.sh Ydl iy i;a;aj fldgia id.r m;=f,a ;ekam;aùfuka miq

ksrka;r f;rmSug" WIaK;ajhg iy nelaàßhd ÔrK l%shdj,shkg ,lafõ' fuu Ôù øjH ld,h;a

iu`. mdIdK ia:rhkaf.ka jeiS hhs' fï whqßka È.= ld,hla mqrd fuu Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx.

fN!;sl iy ridhksl l%shdoduhlg ,laùfuka fmdis, bkaOk ks¾udKh fõ' fuh Ôj ridhksl

l%shdj,shls (Bio Chemical Reaction).

wjidÈ; mdIdK ia:r iys; iqúfYaIs m%foaYhkays fndrf;,a ksOka.;j we;' Lkscf;,a yereKq úg

.,a w`.=re iy iajNdúl jdhqjo fmdis, bkaOk j,g wh;a fõ' fndrf;,a j, mj;sk m%Odk

uQ,øjH folls' tkï yhsv%cka yd ldnkah' fï ksid yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khla fndrf;,a kñka

ye`oskafõ' we,aflak" we,alSk" we,alhsk iy wefrdaueál wdoS yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khls'

fmdis, bkaOk j¾.SlrKh úúO fN!;sl iy ridhksl fya;+ka u; ;=ka wdldrhlg fmdis, bkaOk ;ekam;aùu isÿfõ'

1' >K - .,a w`.=re COAL

2' øj - fndr f;,a CRUDE OIL

3' jdhq - Lksc jdhqka NATURAL GAS

Lksc f;,a Ndú;hg .efkk wjia:d n,Yla;s m%Njhla f,i wuqøjHhla f,i

fudag¾ r: niar: wdÈfha bkaOkhla f,i iqj| ú,jqka yd wdf,amk i|yd

l¾udka; Yd,dj, bkaðka l%shdlrùu i|yd T!IO i|yd

.=jka hdkd iy keõ bkaOkhla f,i ma,diaála ksmoùug

úÿ,sn, W;amdokh i|yd f;,a ,sysis f;,a ksmoùug

t,a mS jdhqj ^.Dyia: mßfNdackh i`oyd& úúO ridhksl øjH ksIamdokh i|yd

fndrf;,a j, ixhq;sh m%;sY;h (wt%) ldnka 85 - 86

yhsv%cka 11 - 14

i,a*¾ 0'06 - 1'75

khsg%cka iq`: m%udKhla

Tlaiscka iq`: m%udKhla

,jk (Nacl2 Mgcl2) wxY= ud;%hla

hlv (Fe, Ni, v, cu ) wxY= ud;%hla

uKaä

c,h

ãi,a ksmoùu msßmyÿfõ ãi,a j¾. 3 la ksmoúh yel'

i. iqÿ ãi,a (Auto Diesel) ii. l¿ ãi,a (Heavy Diesel) iii. keõ ãi,a (Marine Diesel)

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd ãi,a fyj;a .Eia f;,a (Gas oil) yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAll folla iudka;rj Ndú;d lrñka f.kao.ï m%udKh kshñ; uÜgu olajd bj;a lrkq

,nhs' bkamiq fuu ãi,a fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk u.ska

fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

oeúf;,a (Fuel Oil) yd ;dr (Bituman) ksmoùu'

fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau msg;g .kakd l¿ meye;s Wl= Èhrhla jk È.= fYaIh (Long Residue) i|yd fj<|fmdf,ys fyd| b,a¨ula ke;' tneúka" m<uqfjkau fuu È.= fYaIfhka

fldgila úiaíf¾l¾ tAllh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<ska hjd ;dmh wdOdrfhka isÿjk l%shdj,shla

uÕska tys Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;dj wvqlr .kq ,nhs' úiaíf¾l¾ tallh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<

isÿjk l%shdj,sh uÕska my; i|yka ksIamdok fjkalr .kq ,efí'

i. úLKaä; fYaIh (Cracked Residue) ii. úLKaä; kema;d (Cracked Naphtha)iii. úLKaä; .Eiaf;,a (Cracked Gasoil)

úLKaä; fYaIhg wjYH m%udKhg úLKaä; .Eia f;,a uqiq lsÍfuka oeúf;,a j¾. lsysmhla ksmojkq ,efí fïjdfha tAll oelafjkafka frä jqâ ;;amrj,sks' fuu oeúf;,a Ys% ,xldfõ úÿ,s W;amdokh keõj, bkaOk jYfhka yd l¾udka; Yd,d bkaOkhla f,i Ndú;d fõ' w;sßla; oeúf;,a wmkhkh lrkq ,efí'

fuys§ iEfok úLKaä; kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAllh fj; fmg%,a ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i|yd fhduqlrkq ,nhs'

ßla; wdijk tallh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau ,nd .kakd È.= fYaIfhka fldgila" ßla; wdijk tAllh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) ;=<ska hjd tu fYaIfha ieye,a¨ yhsfv%dldnk ;jÿrg;a fjka lr.ekSfï m%;sM,hla f,i È.= fYaIfha Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;djh jeäú >k fYaIh (Short Residue) keue;s ixfhda.h ksmojd .ks' ksmojd.;a >k fYaIh" ;dr tllh (Bitumen Blowing Unit) yryd heùfuka jd;h iuÕ m%;sl%shdlr ;dr (Bitumen) ksmojd .kq ,efí' kuq;a fïjkúg msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i`oyd Ndú;djk u¾nka keue;s fndrf;,a j¾.fha os.= fYaIfhka ;dr (Bitumen) ksmoúh fkdyels neúka ;dr ksIamdokh i`oyd wdkhkh l, os.= fYaIh Ndú;d lrhs'

ßla; wdijk tallfha§ bj;alr.kakd yhsfv%dldnk ksIamdok folla f,i my; wdldrhg fjkalr .kS'

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Light Vacuum Oil) nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Heavy Vaccum Gas Oil)

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a iqÿ ãi,a ksmoùug fhdod.kakd w;r" nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a msßmyÿfõ

ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§ Wÿkaj, bkaOkhla jYfhka Ndú;d fõ' nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a oeúf;,a iuÕ

uqiq lsÍug o fhdod .kS'

msßmyÿfõ mshjr igyka

ilH;d wOHhkh = 1963Odß;dj = 38,000 bbl/dia:dkh = imq.ialkao ^wlalr 165&

fgkav¾ le|ùu = 1966fgkavrfha jákdlu = re' ñ,shk 180

uq,a., ;eîu = 1967 uehs 09 Èk

bÈlsÍïlre = Snam Progetti ( Italy) WmfoaYl;ajh = U. O. P. (U.S.A)újD; lsÍu = 1969.10.12j¾;udk Odß;dj = 51,000bbl/d 7.080 t (max)

f;,aa msßmyÿjl ksIamdok l%shdj,sh mshjr 3 lska isÿfõ'

1' wdijkh (Distillation) fuysÈ fndrf;,a kue;s yhsfv%dldnka ñY%Kfhka úúO WIaK;aj mrdihka j, >kSNjkh

jk (Condense) ksIamdok wjYH mßÈ fjkalr .ekSu isÿfõ'

2' msßisÿ lsÍu (Purification) fndrf;,a j, we;s ,jk j¾. ldnksl i,a*¾(S), khsg%cka(N), Tlaiscka(O) iy f,day(M) j¾. bj;a fldg msßisÿ lsÍfï ls%hdj,shhs' fuu.ska mßir ¥IKh yd Ndú; hka;%iQ;%j,

úLdokh wju ;;a;ajhl mj;ajd .kS'

3' mßj¾;kh (Conversion) yhsfv%dldnk j, ixhq;sh wjYH mßÈ ridhksl l%shdj,shla u.ska fjkia flf¾' fuu.ska

we,aflak" we,alSk jeks yhsfv%dldnk j, mrudKql jHqyhka fjkia fldg wefrdueál jeks

yhsfv%dldnksl j,g mßj¾;kh lsÍfï l%shdj,sh yryd fmg%,a bkaOkfha TlafÜka wxlh

95 g fyda 92 g by< kexùu yd os.=odu iys; yhsfv%dldnk fláodu iys; ixfhda.j,g

mßj¾:kh lsÍu WodyrKhla f,i oelaúh yel'

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha cd;Hka;r iïu;hka

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha§ f,dju ms<s.;a iïu;hka rdYshla ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§" ksIamdok fj<|

fmd<g iemhSfï §" kv;a;= lghq;= lsÍfï§" .Kkh lsÍfï§" mßirh" .sks m%fõiï iy fiajl

fi!LH wd§ jYfhka ia:dms; ù we;' tu iïu;hka mj;ajd f.k hk m%Odk wdh;k my; i|yka

fõ'

1. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) in the United States 2. ISO (international Organization for Standardization) which is at the international level 3. IP (Institute of petroleum) in the United Kingdom 4. API (American petroleum Institute) in the United States 5. OSHAS (Occupational Health and Safety Administration –USA) mßirh yd fiajl fi!LH iy wdrlaIdj i|yd

6. NFTA (National Fire Provencal Authority) - .sks wdYs%; iïu;hka i|yd

7. DOT (Department of Transportation) - ksIamdok" .nvd lsÍu yd m%jdykh i|yd

8. ANSI (American National Standard Institute)- iuia: kS;s yd fr.=,dis

.sksis¿ moaO;sh (Flare System)wjOdkïldÍ ksIamdok l%shdj,shla isÿlrk msßmyÿjl .sksis¿j (Flare System) úfYaIs;u" w;HdjYHu wdrlaIs; Wmdx.hhs' hka;%d.drfha úúO tAll ;=<ska ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ jdhqka" bkaOk jdhqka jYfhka msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha m%fõiï jE,aj" nÿka wdÈfhka ksoyiajk jdhqkao mSvkh wvq ieye,a¨ jdhQkao iy yosis wjia:djloS (In Emergency Situation) jdhq f.da,hg tlt,af,a lsis`ÿ yhsfv%dldnkhla fyda tA wdY%s; ksIamdokhla mßirhg uqodyeßh fkdyel' tfia uqodyeÍfuka mßir ¥IKh jk neúka" tu jdhqka b;d Wi wg,a,l§ oykhfldg uqodyÍ'

msßmyÿ l%shdj,sh i`oyd wjYH Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities)

msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha iuia: ksIamdok l%shdj,shg wjYH úÿ,sn,h" yqud,h" isis,k c,h" fiajd c,h" fndhsf,are i`oyd wjYH ,jK iy wmøjH rys; c,h" iïmSä; jdhQka" bkaOk jdhQ" oeúf;,a wdosh l%uj;aj iemhSu i`oyd ia:dms; moaO;Ska rdYshla yryd imhkq ,nkafka Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities) wxYh u.sks'

bkaOk ksIamdok fldf,dkakdj ksudj iy imq.ialkao f;la fmdïmlsÍu yd fnodyeÍu'

msßmyÿfõ ksmojk bkaOk ksIamdok j,ska fl,skau msßmyÿfjka fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrkq

,nkafka ^wf,úlrkafka& ;dr (Bitumen), t,a'mS' jdhqj yd oeúf;,a muKs' ;dr njqi¾ j,g f;d. jYfhka wf,ú lrkq ,efí' óg wu;rj msßmyÿfõ ksmojk øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj (LP Gas) .Eia iud.ï fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

imq.ialkao msßmyÿfõ Lksc f;,a ksIamdok flf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dkh olajd fmdïm lsÍu msKsi 6”, 8” yd 12” úYalïN j,ska hqla; k, 3 lska msßmyÿj yd fldf,dkakdj ksudj iïnkaO lr we;'

fldf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍï uOHia:dkh uÕska njqi¾" ÿïßh" l=vd keõ" fm!oa.,sl bkaOk jdyk wdÈh uÕska Lksc f;,a ksIamdok Y%S ,xldj mqrd fnodyßkq ,efí'

2000 j¾Ifha újD;l< imq.ialkao m¾hka;fha fmg%,a" N+ñf;,a" ãi,a" oeúf;,a iy .=jkahdkd bkaOk (Jet A1) wdoS ksIamdok 5 la fnodyßkq ,nhs'

imq.ialkao m¾hka;h

msßmyÿjg wkqnoaO imq.ialkao m¾hka;h ,xldfõ m<fjks iajhxl%Sh md,k fnodyeÍï moaO;shla iys; fnodyeÍï m¾hka;h jk w;r" th bkaOk .nvdlsÍfï gexls 12 iys; ksIamdok myla fnodyeÍfï myiqlï we;s msßmyÿj iu. k< ud¾. 04lska iïnkaëlrKh ù we;s msßmyÿfjka md,khjk fnodyeÍfï m¾hka;hhs'

fkú,A ùrfialr uy;d iu. 20 fofkl=f.ka hq;a l<ukdldr wNHdi,dNS lKavdhula msßmyÿfõ l<ukdldÍ;ajh i`oyd 1967 oS n`ojd .;a w;r" 1972 oS úfoaYSh md,kdêldßfhka ish¨ j.lSï Tjqka fj; mjrd we;'

foaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fkú,a ùrfialr D.M.E.S. nq,;aisxy, S. ùrj¾Ok S. isjfkaika D.S. chúl%u D. pkaøfialr S. isjiqkaorï T.M. m%kdkaÿ T.C. nlauka T.A.S. fm%auisß M.F.F. Tud¾ M. fm;shdf.dv W.A. isßfiak C. ùr;=x. M. .,mam;a;sf.a S. órd iySí G.D. óuevqu S. úl%uisxy D.N.G. mska.uf.a S.M.G. iurfldaka

tod mgka wo jk ;=re foaYSh jD;a;slhkaf.ka ieÿï ,;a l<uKdldÍ;ajhla hgf;a mqyqKq ld¾ñl

Ys,amSkaf.a Y%u odhl;ajfhka iy wfkl=;a ld¾hxY m%OdkSkaf.a oeä lemùfuka 1969 wf.daia;= 07

oe,ajQ .sksis¨j fkdksud nen<ùu › ,dxlsl ;dlaIKsl mqk¾Ôjh mK .ekajQ n, .ekajQ b;sydih

fufia igyka ;eìh hq;=h' 1979 - msßmÿfõ ksIamdok Odß;djh ner,a 51"000 olajd mq¨,a lsÍu'

1981 - .=jkahdkd bkaOk ksIamdokh i`oyd ksIamdok úhou wju jQ fufrdlaia m%;sldrl tAllh

ia:dms; lsÍu'

1983 - n,Yla;s wrmsßueiau i`oyd msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a W`ÿk oyk jdhq WKqiqïlrKhla

iu. kùlrKh lsÍu'

1986 - Tref.dvj;a; fndrf;,a .nvdlsÍfï gexls wx.kfha iy jrdfha isg ls'ó' 08la wE;ska msysá

fndahdfjys (SPBM) jevlghq;= wjika fldg úYd, fk!ld Ndú;fldg fndrf;,a wdkhkh

wdrïN lsÍu'

1992 - úúO fndrf;,a j¾. msßmeyeoSu i`oyd msßmyÿfõ fndrf;,a wdijk tAllh kùlrKh

lsÍu (Tapies Crude).1999 - fmg%,a oykfhka mßirhg jk ydksh wju lsÍu i`oyd TEL keue;s W;afmarl kj;d

m%ñ;s.; fmg%,a fjf<`ofmd,g iemhSug wjYH mßos ksIamdok tAllh kùlrKh lsÍu'

2000 - msßmyÿfõ úÿ,sn, iemhqfuys ia:djr;ajh i`oyd ãi,a úÿ,sckk hka;% folla ia:dms; lsÍu'

2003 - cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s.; ãi,a fjf<`om,g ksl=;alsÍu i`oyd ksIamdok tAll folla kùlrKh

lsÍu'

2013 - yhsfv%dàg¾ tAllh i`oyd wjYH yhsv%cka jdhq tAllhla iúlsÍu'

2015 - Wmfhda.Sn, wxYhg jdhqiïmSvl WmlrK folla iúlsÍu'

2017 - úÿ,sn, ksIamdokh ia:djr lsÍu i`oyd fu'fgdka 27l Odß;djh we;s wêmSvk yqud,ckl

hka;%hla ia:dmkh lsÍu'

keõ u.ska fndrf;,a ,nd.ekSu" msßmyÿj iy ksñ ksIamdok

fmfg%da,shï ksIamdok

m%Odk jYfhka msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok 10 la" ksIamdokh lrk w;r thska ksIamdok 09 la bkaOk jk w;r ìgquka bkaOkhla fkdfõ'

t,a'mS' jdhqj Tfgda ãi,a ridhksl kema;d iqmsß ãi,a fmg%,a oeú f;,a N+ñf;,a ;dr .=jkahdkd bkaOk tia' î' mS'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallh (Crude Distillation Unit – 01)

fndrf;,a msßmeye£fï l%shdj,sh wLKav l%shdj,shls wjqreÿ 3 l ld,hla wLKavj fuu l%shdj,sh

isÿlsÍu i|yd hka;%d.drh ie,iqï fldg we;' fuu ld,h wjidkfha kv;a;= yd m%;sixialrKh

lghq;= i|yd i;s 05 l muK ld,hlg hka;%d.drh jikq ,efí'

fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) /ila yryd hjd fmr r;alsÍfï l%shdj,shlg

(Pre-Heating) Ndckhlr" c,h iuÕ ñY% fldg ,jK bj;alsÍu msKsi úYd, nÿka follg (Desalted) hjkq ,efí'

fuys§ fndrf;,aj, wvx.= c,h fjkajk w;r" tA iuÕ fidaähï laf,darhsâ (NaCl), ue.aksishï

laf,darhsâ (MgCl2), le,aishï laf,darhsâ (CaCl

2) jeks ,jK o bj;a fõ' fufia fndrf;,a ,jK yd

c,h bj;a lrkq ,nkafka fuu ,jK j,ska iEfok wñ, uÕska fndrf;,a fhduq lrkq ,nk l=¿Kq"

Wÿka n÷ka" k, ud¾. wdÈfha u, ne£u we;s lrkq ,nk neúks'

,jK yd c,h bj;al, fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) yd úYd, W÷ka 2 la (Furnaces) uÕska 3650C l muK WIaK;ajhlg r;afldg wä 90la muK Wi fhdaO l=¿Kla

(tkï"C-1 l=¿K) fj; fhduqlrkq ,efí'

C-1 l=¿K ;=, isÿjk Nd.sl wdijk l%shdj,sh (Fractional Distillation) uÕska fndrf;,a my;

m%Odk fldgia 4 g fjka lrkq ,efí'

kema;d N+ñf;,a ãi,a È.= fYaIh ^óg wu;r iq¨ jYfhka 1] la muK ieye,a¨ jdhqka fjka lr.kq ,efí'&

kema;d j,ska fmg%,a ,nd .ekSu'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfha l=¿fka by<skau ,nd .kakd kema;d myiqfjka jdIam jk mdgla fkdue;s

øjhls' fuu øjfha wvx.+ f.kao.ï jeks wmøjH bj;alsÍu i|yd kema;d by< WIAK;ajh yd

mSvkh hgf;a W;afm%arl udOHfha yhsv%cka iu. m%;sl%shdjk kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating) kï l%shdj,sh isÿlrhs' kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating& l%shdj,sfha ,efnk ner kema;d

fldgi oyk .=Kdx.hla jk TlafÜka wxlh ^Octane Number& fjkialsÍu i`oyd W;afm%arl udOH

;=< ma,eÜf*dañka kï l%shdj,sh isÿlr fmg%,a ksmojhs'

LP .Eia fyj;a øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka iy ma,eÜf*dau¾ tallfhka fjkalr .kq ,nhs' jdhquh fldgia

ämafrdmkhsi¾ (Deporopanizer) tAllh ;=<ska hjd fm%dfmaka jdhqj jeks ieye,a¨ jdhqka bj;alr

.kq ,efí' bkamiq fuu jdhq ñY%Kh t,a'mS'Ô' fufrdlaia (LPG Merox) tallh ;+<ska hjd tys we;s

f.kao.ï bj;alr t,a'mS' jdhqj ksmojhs'

ridhksl kema;d iy úfYaI ;dmdxl wdfrdayK iamS;=(Chemical Naphtha and Special Boiling Point Solvent)

kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tallfha ,efnk w;sßla; kema;d" ridhksl kema;d f,i

n,d.drj,g wf,úlsÍu fyda wmkhkh lrkq ,efí' tfukau yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tAllfh-

ka ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ kema;d j,ska fldgila tia'î'mS tAllh (S.B.P Unit) ;=<ska hjd l¾udka;

Yd,dj, ødjlhla (Solvent) jYfhka Ndú;d lrk úfYaI ;dmdxlh wdfrdayK iam%s;= l,ska l,g

ksmojkq ,efí' fïjd ;sk¾ (Thinner) j, ødjlh jYfhka Ndú;d fõ'

,dïmq f;,a yd .=jkahdkd mxld f;,a ksmoùu (Jet-A1) N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh - 15

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a j, fj<|fmd,g ta wdldrhg ksl=;al< yels

.=Kdx. mj;sk neúka" ;jÿrg;a msßisÿ fkdfldg N+ñf;,a ^,dïmqf;,a& jYfhka fnodyeÍu i|yd

fldf,dkakdj ksudj fj; hjhs'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a úúO ;;ajhka md,kh lsÍfuka tkï" kshñ; ysudxlh (Freezing Point) mrdih mj;ajd .ekSfuka miqj tajd N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh (Kerosine Merox Unit) yryd hjkq ,efí' fuys§ N+ñf;,a j, u¾lemagka f,i l%shdldßj mj;akd f.kao.ï"

wvq l%shdldß vhsi,amhsv ixfhda.hla njg W;afm%arl Ndú;fhka yrjhs' fïjd uq,skau k,ud¾.

j,ska fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk fj; hjkq ,nk w;r" bkamiqj

lgqkdhl yd u;a;, cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm,j,a fj; bkaOk jYfhka ksl=;a lrkq ,nhs' fuuÕska

wm rgg úfoaY úksuh Wmhd.kS'

>k;ajh u;

1890 jif¾ Lkscf;,a Ndú;h N+ñf;,a (Kerosene) úÿ,s ckl hka;% u.ska úÿ,s W;amdokh i|yd

fld<U ì%iag,a ùÈfha ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a § (Billiard Room of Bristol Hotel) uq,skau jd¾;dfõ'

fojkqj 1895 § ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a (By Messrs Boustead Bros) l=vd úÿ,s n,d.drhla bÈlrk

,§' bkamiq 1902 j¾Ifha isg jdyk (Auto Mobile) Ndú;h bx.%Sis cd;slhka úiska wdrïN lsÍu;a

iu`. Lkscf;,a wdkhkh lEkaa iy ner,a u.ska wdkhkh lr fnodyeÍu isÿ ù we;'

YS% ,xldfõ Lksc f;,a jHdmdrfha uQ,slhka

fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

tAIshála fmfg%da,shï iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u'

fI,a iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

fI,a lïmeks T*a isf,daka

fudì,a ^iagekajEla&

tfida iud.u

le,afglaia iud.u

1956 § mej;s rch" ;%sl=Kdu,h Ök jrdfha bkaOk .nvd lsÍug ì%;dkHhka úiska f.dvk.d

;snQ gexls 101 lska hq;= gexls ixlS¾Kh cki;= lsÍug mshjr .kakd ,§' ta i|yd YS% ,xldfõ

rch úiska ì%;dkH rchg mjqï 250"000 l uqo,la f.jk ,§'

Bg wu;rj gexls 5 la fldf,dkakdj l,dm wxl 1 yS mej;s w;r" tajd Ndú;d lrk ,oafoa f;,a iud.ï úisks'

1957 § úfoaYSh iud.ï uÕska msßmyÿjla f.dvke.Su i|yd fhdackd bÈßm;a l<o rch th m%;sfCIam lrk ,§'

1958 § f;,a iud.u cki;= lrk f,i f;,a fiajlhka úiska jev j¾ckhla mj;ajk ,§'

bkamiq mshjfrka mshjr ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dfõ wNsjDoaêh mk; i|yka f,i jd¾;d ù we;'

1962 wfm%a,a 26 osk ,xldj ;=< Lksc f;,a wf,úh i|yd ;r`.ldÍj iyNd.s ùug fnÿïm,j,a mjrd .ekSfï ;SrKh l%shd;aul lsÍu'

1962 ud¾;= 14 Èk ˜ whsfkdfjda ˜ keu;s kefjka ksIamdÈ; Lksc f;,a" reishdfõ isg fld<U jrdhg f.k tau'

1962 wfm%a,a 28 fldf<dkakdfõ isg gexlsr: yd ÿïßh u.ska f;,a fnodyeÍu wdrïN lsÍu'

1964 wfm%a,a 01 Ök jrdh f;,a hka;%ia:dkh ixia:djg mjrd .ekSu'

Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj ìysù jir jir 2 lg miq 1963 wxl 5 orK mk; uÕska msßmyÿlrKhg iy .fõIKhg wjir ,enqKq w;r" tuÕska 25] la muK úfoaY úksuh b;sß lr.; yels njg ikd: úh'

Lksc f;,a msßmyÿ ilH;d wOHkh i|yd m%xYfha "Francais due Petrol" wdh;kh m;alrk ,§'

1963 mkf;a wxl 5 orK ixfYdaOkh uÕska msßmyÿlrKh iy .fõIKh i|yd wêldÍ;a-jh ,enqKs'

m%xYfha "Francais" wdh;kh úiska Èklg ner,a 38"000 l msßmyÿ Odß;djhlska hqla; msßmyÿjla ;ekSug ks¾foaY lrk ,§'

1967 § "Snam Proggetti", "Italy" we;=¨ ;j;a iud.ï 2 la úiska fgkav¾ bÈßm;a lrk ,§' "Snam Proggetti" wdh;kh fgkavrh i|yd f;drd.kakd ,§'

1967 uehs ui 07 jk Èk msßmyÿjg uq,a., ;nk ,§'

1968 j¾Ifha 4jk ld¾;=fõ§ 50 fofkl=f.ka hqla; ;dCIKsl iylrejka lKavdhula meñKshy'

1969 uehs 15 jk od "Verisella" kï fk!ld-fjys fndrf;,a f.kajd msßmyÿ gexls wx.khg fmdïm lrk ,§'

1969 uehs 25 jk od msßmyÿfõ úÿ,s n,d.drh l%shdlrjqï wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 5 jk Èk msßmyÿ fndrf;,a ixirKh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 6 jk Èk W÷ka iy oe,a, o,ajk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 07 Èk msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a wdijk l=¨kg fndrf;,a fhduqfldg ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 1 jk Èk jk úg msßmyÿfõ ish¨ ksIamdok tallhkaf.a ia:djrNdjh ;yjqre lrk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ks, iudrïNh 1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 12 jk Èk mj;ajk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN l< úfoaYSh ;dCIKsl iyldr lKavdhu úiska 1972 ckjdß 09 jk Èk Y%S ,xlsl l<ukdldÍ;ajhla fj; msßmyÿj Ndr lrk ,§'

úfoaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fykaß f,ó - msßmyÿ l,ukdldrW.H. fudiag¾Ü - fcHIaG ld¾ñl bxcsfkareR.N.n¾iaud - fufyhqï l<ukdldrL. jekav¾iaÆÜ - úÿ,s bxcsfkareJ.H. we,an¾Üia - mqyqKqlsrSï lsrSï yd ixj¾Ok m%OdksN. iafgd*afldm¾ - bxcsfkare mrSlaIlG. Ylauka - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,OdrsA.M. cka.a,Eka.¾ - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,Odrs

Lksc f;,a ''''''''''

f,dalfha n, Yla;s wjYH;dj imqrk m%Odk n, Yla;s m%Njhls th wo jk úg f,dalfha iudc

wd¾Ól fukau foaYmd,k lafIa;%hkag mjd iDcqj n,mEï lrkakg iu;a idOlhlaj mj;S'

fudkjo fï Lkscf;,a Lkscf;,a hkq fmdis, bkaOkhls'

fmdis, bkaOk hkq óg jir ñ,shk ;=kaishlg muK fmr hq.fha mDÓúfha úiQ Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx. (plankton) j,ska fmdis, bkaOk ;ekS we;' ñh.sh Ydl iy i;a;aj fldgia id.r m;=f,a ;ekam;aùfuka miq

ksrka;r f;rmSug" WIaK;ajhg iy nelaàßhd ÔrK l%shdj,shkg ,lafõ' fuu Ôù øjH ld,h;a

iu`. mdIdK ia:rhkaf.ka jeiS hhs' fï whqßka È.= ld,hla mqrd fuu Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx.

fN!;sl iy ridhksl l%shdoduhlg ,laùfuka fmdis, bkaOk ks¾udKh fõ' fuh Ôj ridhksl

l%shdj,shls (Bio Chemical Reaction).

wjidÈ; mdIdK ia:r iys; iqúfYaIs m%foaYhkays fndrf;,a ksOka.;j we;' Lkscf;,a yereKq úg

.,a w`.=re iy iajNdúl jdhqjo fmdis, bkaOk j,g wh;a fõ' fndrf;,a j, mj;sk m%Odk

uQ,øjH folls' tkï yhsv%cka yd ldnkah' fï ksid yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khla fndrf;,a kñka

ye`oskafõ' we,aflak" we,alSk" we,alhsk iy wefrdaueál wdoS yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khls'

fmdis, bkaOk j¾.SlrKh úúO fN!;sl iy ridhksl fya;+ka u; ;=ka wdldrhlg fmdis, bkaOk ;ekam;aùu isÿfõ'

1' >K - .,a w`.=re COAL

2' øj - fndr f;,a CRUDE OIL

3' jdhq - Lksc jdhqka NATURAL GAS

Lksc f;,a Ndú;hg .efkk wjia:d n,Yla;s m%Njhla f,i wuqøjHhla f,i

fudag¾ r: niar: wdÈfha bkaOkhla f,i iqj| ú,jqka yd wdf,amk i|yd

l¾udka; Yd,dj, bkaðka l%shdlrùu i|yd T!IO i|yd

.=jka hdkd iy keõ bkaOkhla f,i ma,diaála ksmoùug

úÿ,sn, W;amdokh i|yd f;,a ,sysis f;,a ksmoùug

t,a mS jdhqj ^.Dyia: mßfNdackh i`oyd& úúO ridhksl øjH ksIamdokh i|yd

fndrf;,a j, ixhq;sh m%;sY;h (wt%) ldnka 85 - 86

yhsv%cka 11 - 14

i,a*¾ 0'06 - 1'75

khsg%cka iq`: m%udKhla

Tlaiscka iq`: m%udKhla

,jk (Nacl2 Mgcl2) wxY= ud;%hla

hlv (Fe, Ni, v, cu ) wxY= ud;%hla

uKaä

c,h

ãi,a ksmoùu msßmyÿfõ ãi,a j¾. 3 la ksmoúh yel'

i. iqÿ ãi,a (Auto Diesel) ii. l¿ ãi,a (Heavy Diesel) iii. keõ ãi,a (Marine Diesel)

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd ãi,a fyj;a .Eia f;,a (Gas oil) yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAll folla iudka;rj Ndú;d lrñka f.kao.ï m%udKh kshñ; uÜgu olajd bj;a lrkq

,nhs' bkamiq fuu ãi,a fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk u.ska

fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

oeúf;,a (Fuel Oil) yd ;dr (Bituman) ksmoùu'

fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau msg;g .kakd l¿ meye;s Wl= Èhrhla jk È.= fYaIh (Long Residue) i|yd fj<|fmdf,ys fyd| b,a¨ula ke;' tneúka" m<uqfjkau fuu È.= fYaIfhka

fldgila úiaíf¾l¾ tAllh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<ska hjd ;dmh wdOdrfhka isÿjk l%shdj,shla

uÕska tys Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;dj wvqlr .kq ,nhs' úiaíf¾l¾ tallh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<

isÿjk l%shdj,sh uÕska my; i|yka ksIamdok fjkalr .kq ,efí'

i. úLKaä; fYaIh (Cracked Residue) ii. úLKaä; kema;d (Cracked Naphtha)iii. úLKaä; .Eiaf;,a (Cracked Gasoil)

úLKaä; fYaIhg wjYH m%udKhg úLKaä; .Eia f;,a uqiq lsÍfuka oeúf;,a j¾. lsysmhla ksmojkq ,efí fïjdfha tAll oelafjkafka frä jqâ ;;amrj,sks' fuu oeúf;,a Ys% ,xldfõ úÿ,s W;amdokh keõj, bkaOk jYfhka yd l¾udka; Yd,d bkaOkhla f,i Ndú;d fõ' w;sßla; oeúf;,a wmkhkh lrkq ,efí'

fuys§ iEfok úLKaä; kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAllh fj; fmg%,a ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i|yd fhduqlrkq ,nhs'

ßla; wdijk tallh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau ,nd .kakd È.= fYaIfhka fldgila" ßla; wdijk tAllh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) ;=<ska hjd tu fYaIfha ieye,a¨ yhsfv%dldnk ;jÿrg;a fjka lr.ekSfï m%;sM,hla f,i È.= fYaIfha Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;djh jeäú >k fYaIh (Short Residue) keue;s ixfhda.h ksmojd .ks' ksmojd.;a >k fYaIh" ;dr tllh (Bitumen Blowing Unit) yryd heùfuka jd;h iuÕ m%;sl%shdlr ;dr (Bitumen) ksmojd .kq ,efí' kuq;a fïjkúg msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i`oyd Ndú;djk u¾nka keue;s fndrf;,a j¾.fha os.= fYaIfhka ;dr (Bitumen) ksmoúh fkdyels neúka ;dr ksIamdokh i`oyd wdkhkh l, os.= fYaIh Ndú;d lrhs'

ßla; wdijk tallfha§ bj;alr.kakd yhsfv%dldnk ksIamdok folla f,i my; wdldrhg fjkalr .kS'

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Light Vacuum Oil) nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Heavy Vaccum Gas Oil)

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a iqÿ ãi,a ksmoùug fhdod.kakd w;r" nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a msßmyÿfõ

ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§ Wÿkaj, bkaOkhla jYfhka Ndú;d fõ' nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a oeúf;,a iuÕ

uqiq lsÍug o fhdod .kS'

msßmyÿfõ mshjr igyka

ilH;d wOHhkh = 1963Odß;dj = 38,000 bbl/dia:dkh = imq.ialkao ^wlalr 165&

fgkav¾ le|ùu = 1966fgkavrfha jákdlu = re' ñ,shk 180

uq,a., ;eîu = 1967 uehs 09 Èk

bÈlsÍïlre = Snam Progetti ( Italy) WmfoaYl;ajh = U. O. P. (U.S.A)újD; lsÍu = 1969.10.12j¾;udk Odß;dj = 51,000bbl/d 7.080 t (max)

f;,aa msßmyÿjl ksIamdok l%shdj,sh mshjr 3 lska isÿfõ'

1' wdijkh (Distillation) fuysÈ fndrf;,a kue;s yhsfv%dldnka ñY%Kfhka úúO WIaK;aj mrdihka j, >kSNjkh

jk (Condense) ksIamdok wjYH mßÈ fjkalr .ekSu isÿfõ'

2' msßisÿ lsÍu (Purification) fndrf;,a j, we;s ,jk j¾. ldnksl i,a*¾(S), khsg%cka(N), Tlaiscka(O) iy f,day(M) j¾. bj;a fldg msßisÿ lsÍfï ls%hdj,shhs' fuu.ska mßir ¥IKh yd Ndú; hka;%iQ;%j,

úLdokh wju ;;a;ajhl mj;ajd .kS'

3' mßj¾;kh (Conversion) yhsfv%dldnk j, ixhq;sh wjYH mßÈ ridhksl l%shdj,shla u.ska fjkia flf¾' fuu.ska

we,aflak" we,alSk jeks yhsfv%dldnk j, mrudKql jHqyhka fjkia fldg wefrdueál jeks

yhsfv%dldnksl j,g mßj¾;kh lsÍfï l%shdj,sh yryd fmg%,a bkaOkfha TlafÜka wxlh

95 g fyda 92 g by< kexùu yd os.=odu iys; yhsfv%dldnk fláodu iys; ixfhda.j,g

mßj¾:kh lsÍu WodyrKhla f,i oelaúh yel'

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha cd;Hka;r iïu;hka

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha§ f,dju ms<s.;a iïu;hka rdYshla ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§" ksIamdok fj<|

fmd<g iemhSfï §" kv;a;= lghq;= lsÍfï§" .Kkh lsÍfï§" mßirh" .sks m%fõiï iy fiajl

fi!LH wd§ jYfhka ia:dms; ù we;' tu iïu;hka mj;ajd f.k hk m%Odk wdh;k my; i|yka

fõ'

1. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) in the United States 2. ISO (international Organization for Standardization) which is at the international level 3. IP (Institute of petroleum) in the United Kingdom 4. API (American petroleum Institute) in the United States 5. OSHAS (Occupational Health and Safety Administration –USA) mßirh yd fiajl fi!LH iy wdrlaIdj i|yd

6. NFTA (National Fire Provencal Authority) - .sks wdYs%; iïu;hka i|yd

7. DOT (Department of Transportation) - ksIamdok" .nvd lsÍu yd m%jdykh i|yd

8. ANSI (American National Standard Institute)- iuia: kS;s yd fr.=,dis

.sksis¿ moaO;sh (Flare System)wjOdkïldÍ ksIamdok l%shdj,shla isÿlrk msßmyÿjl .sksis¿j (Flare System) úfYaIs;u" w;HdjYHu wdrlaIs; Wmdx.hhs' hka;%d.drfha úúO tAll ;=<ska ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ jdhqka" bkaOk jdhqka jYfhka msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha m%fõiï jE,aj" nÿka wdÈfhka ksoyiajk jdhqkao mSvkh wvq ieye,a¨ jdhQkao iy yosis wjia:djloS (In Emergency Situation) jdhq f.da,hg tlt,af,a lsis`ÿ yhsfv%dldnkhla fyda tA wdY%s; ksIamdokhla mßirhg uqodyeßh fkdyel' tfia uqodyeÍfuka mßir ¥IKh jk neúka" tu jdhqka b;d Wi wg,a,l§ oykhfldg uqodyÍ'

msßmyÿ l%shdj,sh i`oyd wjYH Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities)

msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha iuia: ksIamdok l%shdj,shg wjYH úÿ,sn,h" yqud,h" isis,k c,h" fiajd c,h" fndhsf,are i`oyd wjYH ,jK iy wmøjH rys; c,h" iïmSä; jdhQka" bkaOk jdhQ" oeúf;,a wdosh l%uj;aj iemhSu i`oyd ia:dms; moaO;Ska rdYshla yryd imhkq ,nkafka Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities) wxYh u.sks'

bkaOk ksIamdok fldf,dkakdj ksudj iy imq.ialkao f;la fmdïmlsÍu yd fnodyeÍu'

msßmyÿfõ ksmojk bkaOk ksIamdok j,ska fl,skau msßmyÿfjka fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrkq

,nkafka ^wf,úlrkafka& ;dr (Bitumen), t,a'mS' jdhqj yd oeúf;,a muKs' ;dr njqi¾ j,g f;d. jYfhka wf,ú lrkq ,efí' óg wu;rj msßmyÿfõ ksmojk øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj (LP Gas) .Eia iud.ï fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

imq.ialkao msßmyÿfõ Lksc f;,a ksIamdok flf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dkh olajd fmdïm lsÍu msKsi 6”, 8” yd 12” úYalïN j,ska hqla; k, 3 lska msßmyÿj yd fldf,dkakdj ksudj iïnkaO lr we;'

fldf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍï uOHia:dkh uÕska njqi¾" ÿïßh" l=vd keõ" fm!oa.,sl bkaOk jdyk wdÈh uÕska Lksc f;,a ksIamdok Y%S ,xldj mqrd fnodyßkq ,efí'

2000 j¾Ifha újD;l< imq.ialkao m¾hka;fha fmg%,a" N+ñf;,a" ãi,a" oeúf;,a iy .=jkahdkd bkaOk (Jet A1) wdoS ksIamdok 5 la fnodyßkq ,nhs'

imq.ialkao m¾hka;h

msßmyÿjg wkqnoaO imq.ialkao m¾hka;h ,xldfõ m<fjks iajhxl%Sh md,k fnodyeÍï moaO;shla iys; fnodyeÍï m¾hka;h jk w;r" th bkaOk .nvdlsÍfï gexls 12 iys; ksIamdok myla fnodyeÍfï myiqlï we;s msßmyÿj iu. k< ud¾. 04lska iïnkaëlrKh ù we;s msßmyÿfjka md,khjk fnodyeÍfï m¾hka;hhs'

fkú,A ùrfialr uy;d iu. 20 fofkl=f.ka hq;a l<ukdldr wNHdi,dNS lKavdhula msßmyÿfõ l<ukdldÍ;ajh i`oyd 1967 oS n`ojd .;a w;r" 1972 oS úfoaYSh md,kdêldßfhka ish¨ j.lSï Tjqka fj; mjrd we;'

foaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fkú,a ùrfialr D.M.E.S. nq,;aisxy, S. ùrj¾Ok S. isjfkaika D.S. chúl%u D. pkaøfialr S. isjiqkaorï T.M. m%kdkaÿ T.C. nlauka T.A.S. fm%auisß M.F.F. Tud¾ M. fm;shdf.dv W.A. isßfiak C. ùr;=x. M. .,mam;a;sf.a S. órd iySí G.D. óuevqu S. úl%uisxy D.N.G. mska.uf.a S.M.G. iurfldaka

tod mgka wo jk ;=re foaYSh jD;a;slhkaf.ka ieÿï ,;a l<uKdldÍ;ajhla hgf;a mqyqKq ld¾ñl

Ys,amSkaf.a Y%u odhl;ajfhka iy wfkl=;a ld¾hxY m%OdkSkaf.a oeä lemùfuka 1969 wf.daia;= 07

oe,ajQ .sksis¨j fkdksud nen<ùu › ,dxlsl ;dlaIKsl mqk¾Ôjh mK .ekajQ n, .ekajQ b;sydih

fufia igyka ;eìh hq;=h' 1979 - msßmÿfõ ksIamdok Odß;djh ner,a 51"000 olajd mq¨,a lsÍu'

1981 - .=jkahdkd bkaOk ksIamdokh i`oyd ksIamdok úhou wju jQ fufrdlaia m%;sldrl tAllh

ia:dms; lsÍu'

1983 - n,Yla;s wrmsßueiau i`oyd msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a W`ÿk oyk jdhq WKqiqïlrKhla

iu. kùlrKh lsÍu'

1986 - Tref.dvj;a; fndrf;,a .nvdlsÍfï gexls wx.kfha iy jrdfha isg ls'ó' 08la wE;ska msysá

fndahdfjys (SPBM) jevlghq;= wjika fldg úYd, fk!ld Ndú;fldg fndrf;,a wdkhkh

wdrïN lsÍu'

1992 - úúO fndrf;,a j¾. msßmeyeoSu i`oyd msßmyÿfõ fndrf;,a wdijk tAllh kùlrKh

lsÍu (Tapies Crude).1999 - fmg%,a oykfhka mßirhg jk ydksh wju lsÍu i`oyd TEL keue;s W;afmarl kj;d

m%ñ;s.; fmg%,a fjf<`ofmd,g iemhSug wjYH mßos ksIamdok tAllh kùlrKh lsÍu'

2000 - msßmyÿfõ úÿ,sn, iemhqfuys ia:djr;ajh i`oyd ãi,a úÿ,sckk hka;% folla ia:dms; lsÍu'

2003 - cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s.; ãi,a fjf<`om,g ksl=;alsÍu i`oyd ksIamdok tAll folla kùlrKh

lsÍu'

2013 - yhsfv%dàg¾ tAllh i`oyd wjYH yhsv%cka jdhq tAllhla iúlsÍu'

2015 - Wmfhda.Sn, wxYhg jdhqiïmSvl WmlrK folla iúlsÍu'

2017 - úÿ,sn, ksIamdokh ia:djr lsÍu i`oyd fu'fgdka 27l Odß;djh we;s wêmSvk yqud,ckl

hka;%hla ia:dmkh lsÍu'

keõ u.ska fndrf;,a ,nd.ekSu" msßmyÿj iy ksñ ksIamdok

fmfg%da,shï ksIamdok

m%Odk jYfhka msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok 10 la" ksIamdokh lrk w;r thska ksIamdok 09 la bkaOk jk w;r ìgquka bkaOkhla fkdfõ'

t,a'mS' jdhqj Tfgda ãi,a ridhksl kema;d iqmsß ãi,a fmg%,a oeú f;,a N+ñf;,a ;dr .=jkahdkd bkaOk tia' î' mS'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallh (Crude Distillation Unit – 01)

fndrf;,a msßmeye£fï l%shdj,sh wLKav l%shdj,shls wjqreÿ 3 l ld,hla wLKavj fuu l%shdj,sh

isÿlsÍu i|yd hka;%d.drh ie,iqï fldg we;' fuu ld,h wjidkfha kv;a;= yd m%;sixialrKh

lghq;= i|yd i;s 05 l muK ld,hlg hka;%d.drh jikq ,efí'

fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) /ila yryd hjd fmr r;alsÍfï l%shdj,shlg

(Pre-Heating) Ndckhlr" c,h iuÕ ñY% fldg ,jK bj;alsÍu msKsi úYd, nÿka follg (Desalted) hjkq ,efí'

fuys§ fndrf;,aj, wvx.= c,h fjkajk w;r" tA iuÕ fidaähï laf,darhsâ (NaCl), ue.aksishï

laf,darhsâ (MgCl2), le,aishï laf,darhsâ (CaCl

2) jeks ,jK o bj;a fõ' fufia fndrf;,a ,jK yd

c,h bj;a lrkq ,nkafka fuu ,jK j,ska iEfok wñ, uÕska fndrf;,a fhduq lrkq ,nk l=¿Kq"

Wÿka n÷ka" k, ud¾. wdÈfha u, ne£u we;s lrkq ,nk neúks'

,jK yd c,h bj;al, fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) yd úYd, W÷ka 2 la (Furnaces) uÕska 3650C l muK WIaK;ajhlg r;afldg wä 90la muK Wi fhdaO l=¿Kla

(tkï"C-1 l=¿K) fj; fhduqlrkq ,efí'

C-1 l=¿K ;=, isÿjk Nd.sl wdijk l%shdj,sh (Fractional Distillation) uÕska fndrf;,a my;

m%Odk fldgia 4 g fjka lrkq ,efí'

kema;d N+ñf;,a ãi,a È.= fYaIh ^óg wu;r iq¨ jYfhka 1] la muK ieye,a¨ jdhqka fjka lr.kq ,efí'&

kema;d j,ska fmg%,a ,nd .ekSu'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfha l=¿fka by<skau ,nd .kakd kema;d myiqfjka jdIam jk mdgla fkdue;s

øjhls' fuu øjfha wvx.+ f.kao.ï jeks wmøjH bj;alsÍu i|yd kema;d by< WIAK;ajh yd

mSvkh hgf;a W;afm%arl udOHfha yhsv%cka iu. m%;sl%shdjk kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating) kï l%shdj,sh isÿlrhs' kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating& l%shdj,sfha ,efnk ner kema;d

fldgi oyk .=Kdx.hla jk TlafÜka wxlh ^Octane Number& fjkialsÍu i`oyd W;afm%arl udOH

;=< ma,eÜf*dañka kï l%shdj,sh isÿlr fmg%,a ksmojhs'

LP .Eia fyj;a øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka iy ma,eÜf*dau¾ tallfhka fjkalr .kq ,nhs' jdhquh fldgia

ämafrdmkhsi¾ (Deporopanizer) tAllh ;=<ska hjd fm%dfmaka jdhqj jeks ieye,a¨ jdhqka bj;alr

.kq ,efí' bkamiq fuu jdhq ñY%Kh t,a'mS'Ô' fufrdlaia (LPG Merox) tallh ;+<ska hjd tys we;s

f.kao.ï bj;alr t,a'mS' jdhqj ksmojhs'

ridhksl kema;d iy úfYaI ;dmdxl wdfrdayK iamS;=(Chemical Naphtha and Special Boiling Point Solvent)

kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tallfha ,efnk w;sßla; kema;d" ridhksl kema;d f,i

n,d.drj,g wf,úlsÍu fyda wmkhkh lrkq ,efí' tfukau yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tAllfh-

ka ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ kema;d j,ska fldgila tia'î'mS tAllh (S.B.P Unit) ;=<ska hjd l¾udka;

Yd,dj, ødjlhla (Solvent) jYfhka Ndú;d lrk úfYaI ;dmdxlh wdfrdayK iam%s;= l,ska l,g

ksmojkq ,efí' fïjd ;sk¾ (Thinner) j, ødjlh jYfhka Ndú;d fõ'

,dïmq f;,a yd .=jkahdkd mxld f;,a ksmoùu (Jet-A1) N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh - 15

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a j, fj<|fmd,g ta wdldrhg ksl=;al< yels

.=Kdx. mj;sk neúka" ;jÿrg;a msßisÿ fkdfldg N+ñf;,a ^,dïmqf;,a& jYfhka fnodyeÍu i|yd

fldf,dkakdj ksudj fj; hjhs'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a úúO ;;ajhka md,kh lsÍfuka tkï" kshñ; ysudxlh (Freezing Point) mrdih mj;ajd .ekSfuka miqj tajd N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh (Kerosine Merox Unit) yryd hjkq ,efí' fuys§ N+ñf;,a j, u¾lemagka f,i l%shdldßj mj;akd f.kao.ï"

wvq l%shdldß vhsi,amhsv ixfhda.hla njg W;afm%arl Ndú;fhka yrjhs' fïjd uq,skau k,ud¾.

j,ska fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk fj; hjkq ,nk w;r" bkamiqj

lgqkdhl yd u;a;, cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm,j,a fj; bkaOk jYfhka ksl=;a lrkq ,nhs' fuuÕska

wm rgg úfoaY úksuh Wmhd.kS'

1890 jif¾ Lkscf;,a Ndú;h N+ñf;,a (Kerosene) úÿ,s ckl hka;% u.ska úÿ,s W;amdokh i|yd

fld<U ì%iag,a ùÈfha ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a § (Billiard Room of Bristol Hotel) uq,skau jd¾;dfõ'

fojkqj 1895 § ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a (By Messrs Boustead Bros) l=vd úÿ,s n,d.drhla bÈlrk

,§' bkamiq 1902 j¾Ifha isg jdyk (Auto Mobile) Ndú;h bx.%Sis cd;slhka úiska wdrïN lsÍu;a

iu`. Lkscf;,a wdkhkh lEkaa iy ner,a u.ska wdkhkh lr fnodyeÍu isÿ ù we;'

YS% ,xldfõ Lksc f;,a jHdmdrfha uQ,slhka

fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

tAIshála fmfg%da,shï iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u'

fI,a iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

fI,a lïmeks T*a isf,daka

fudì,a ^iagekajEla&

tfida iud.u

le,afglaia iud.u

1956 § mej;s rch" ;%sl=Kdu,h Ök jrdfha bkaOk .nvd lsÍug ì%;dkHhka úiska f.dvk.d

;snQ gexls 101 lska hq;= gexls ixlS¾Kh cki;= lsÍug mshjr .kakd ,§' ta i|yd YS% ,xldfõ

rch úiska ì%;dkH rchg mjqï 250"000 l uqo,la f.jk ,§'

Bg wu;rj gexls 5 la fldf,dkakdj l,dm wxl 1 yS mej;s w;r" tajd Ndú;d lrk ,oafoa f;,a iud.ï úisks'

1957 § úfoaYSh iud.ï uÕska msßmyÿjla f.dvke.Su i|yd fhdackd bÈßm;a l<o rch th m%;sfCIam lrk ,§'

1958 § f;,a iud.u cki;= lrk f,i f;,a fiajlhka úiska jev j¾ckhla mj;ajk ,§'

bkamiq mshjfrka mshjr ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dfõ wNsjDoaêh mk; i|yka f,i jd¾;d ù we;'

1962 wfm%a,a 26 osk ,xldj ;=< Lksc f;,a wf,úh i|yd ;r`.ldÍj iyNd.s ùug fnÿïm,j,a mjrd .ekSfï ;SrKh l%shd;aul lsÍu'

1962 ud¾;= 14 Èk ˜ whsfkdfjda ˜ keu;s kefjka ksIamdÈ; Lksc f;,a" reishdfõ isg fld<U jrdhg f.k tau'

1962 wfm%a,a 28 fldf<dkakdfõ isg gexlsr: yd ÿïßh u.ska f;,a fnodyeÍu wdrïN lsÍu'

1964 wfm%a,a 01 Ök jrdh f;,a hka;%ia:dkh ixia:djg mjrd .ekSu'

Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj ìysù jir jir 2 lg miq 1963 wxl 5 orK mk; uÕska msßmyÿlrKhg iy .fõIKhg wjir ,enqKq w;r" tuÕska 25] la muK úfoaY úksuh b;sß lr.; yels njg ikd: úh'

Lksc f;,a msßmyÿ ilH;d wOHkh i|yd m%xYfha "Francais due Petrol" wdh;kh m;alrk ,§'

1963 mkf;a wxl 5 orK ixfYdaOkh uÕska msßmyÿlrKh iy .fõIKh i|yd wêldÍ;a-jh ,enqKs'

m%xYfha "Francais" wdh;kh úiska Èklg ner,a 38"000 l msßmyÿ Odß;djhlska hqla; msßmyÿjla ;ekSug ks¾foaY lrk ,§'

1967 § "Snam Proggetti", "Italy" we;=¨ ;j;a iud.ï 2 la úiska fgkav¾ bÈßm;a lrk ,§' "Snam Proggetti" wdh;kh fgkavrh i|yd f;drd.kakd ,§'

1967 uehs ui 07 jk Èk msßmyÿjg uq,a., ;nk ,§'

1968 j¾Ifha 4jk ld¾;=fõ§ 50 fofkl=f.ka hqla; ;dCIKsl iylrejka lKavdhula meñKshy'

1969 uehs 15 jk od "Verisella" kï fk!ld-fjys fndrf;,a f.kajd msßmyÿ gexls wx.khg fmdïm lrk ,§'

1969 uehs 25 jk od msßmyÿfõ úÿ,s n,d.drh l%shdlrjqï wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 5 jk Èk msßmyÿ fndrf;,a ixirKh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 6 jk Èk W÷ka iy oe,a, o,ajk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 07 Èk msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a wdijk l=¨kg fndrf;,a fhduqfldg ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 1 jk Èk jk úg msßmyÿfõ ish¨ ksIamdok tallhkaf.a ia:djrNdjh ;yjqre lrk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ks, iudrïNh 1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 12 jk Èk mj;ajk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN l< úfoaYSh ;dCIKsl iyldr lKavdhu úiska 1972 ckjdß 09 jk Èk Y%S ,xlsl l<ukdldÍ;ajhla fj; msßmyÿj Ndr lrk ,§'

úfoaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fykaß f,ó - msßmyÿ l,ukdldrW.H. fudiag¾Ü - fcHIaG ld¾ñl bxcsfkareR.N.n¾iaud - fufyhqï l<ukdldrL. jekav¾iaÆÜ - úÿ,s bxcsfkareJ.H. we,an¾Üia - mqyqKqlsrSï lsrSï yd ixj¾Ok m%OdksN. iafgd*afldm¾ - bxcsfkare mrSlaIlG. Ylauka - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,OdrsA.M. cka.a,Eka.¾ - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,Odrs

Lksc f;,a ''''''''''

f,dalfha n, Yla;s wjYH;dj imqrk m%Odk n, Yla;s m%Njhls th wo jk úg f,dalfha iudc

wd¾Ól fukau foaYmd,k lafIa;%hkag mjd iDcqj n,mEï lrkakg iu;a idOlhlaj mj;S'

fudkjo fï Lkscf;,a Lkscf;,a hkq fmdis, bkaOkhls'

fmdis, bkaOk hkq óg jir ñ,shk ;=kaishlg muK fmr hq.fha mDÓúfha úiQ Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx. (plankton) j,ska fmdis, bkaOk ;ekS we;' ñh.sh Ydl iy i;a;aj fldgia id.r m;=f,a ;ekam;aùfuka miq

ksrka;r f;rmSug" WIaK;ajhg iy nelaàßhd ÔrK l%shdj,shkg ,lafõ' fuu Ôù øjH ld,h;a

iu`. mdIdK ia:rhkaf.ka jeiS hhs' fï whqßka È.= ld,hla mqrd fuu Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx.

fN!;sl iy ridhksl l%shdoduhlg ,laùfuka fmdis, bkaOk ks¾udKh fõ' fuh Ôj ridhksl

l%shdj,shls (Bio Chemical Reaction).

wjidÈ; mdIdK ia:r iys; iqúfYaIs m%foaYhkays fndrf;,a ksOka.;j we;' Lkscf;,a yereKq úg

.,a w`.=re iy iajNdúl jdhqjo fmdis, bkaOk j,g wh;a fõ' fndrf;,a j, mj;sk m%Odk

uQ,øjH folls' tkï yhsv%cka yd ldnkah' fï ksid yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khla fndrf;,a kñka

ye`oskafõ' we,aflak" we,alSk" we,alhsk iy wefrdaueál wdoS yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khls'

fmdis, bkaOk j¾.SlrKh úúO fN!;sl iy ridhksl fya;+ka u; ;=ka wdldrhlg fmdis, bkaOk ;ekam;aùu isÿfõ'

1' >K - .,a w`.=re COAL

2' øj - fndr f;,a CRUDE OIL

3' jdhq - Lksc jdhqka NATURAL GAS

Lksc f;,a Ndú;hg .efkk wjia:d n,Yla;s m%Njhla f,i wuqøjHhla f,i

fudag¾ r: niar: wdÈfha bkaOkhla f,i iqj| ú,jqka yd wdf,amk i|yd

l¾udka; Yd,dj, bkaðka l%shdlrùu i|yd T!IO i|yd

.=jka hdkd iy keõ bkaOkhla f,i ma,diaála ksmoùug

úÿ,sn, W;amdokh i|yd f;,a ,sysis f;,a ksmoùug

t,a mS jdhqj ^.Dyia: mßfNdackh i`oyd& úúO ridhksl øjH ksIamdokh i|yd

fndrf;,a j, ixhq;sh m%;sY;h (wt%) ldnka 85 - 86

yhsv%cka 11 - 14

i,a*¾ 0'06 - 1'75

khsg%cka iq`: m%udKhla

Tlaiscka iq`: m%udKhla

,jk (Nacl2 Mgcl2) wxY= ud;%hla

hlv (Fe, Ni, v, cu ) wxY= ud;%hla

uKaä

c,h

ãi,a ksmoùu msßmyÿfõ ãi,a j¾. 3 la ksmoúh yel'

i. iqÿ ãi,a (Auto Diesel) ii. l¿ ãi,a (Heavy Diesel) iii. keõ ãi,a (Marine Diesel)

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd ãi,a fyj;a .Eia f;,a (Gas oil) yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAll folla iudka;rj Ndú;d lrñka f.kao.ï m%udKh kshñ; uÜgu olajd bj;a lrkq

,nhs' bkamiq fuu ãi,a fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk u.ska

fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

oeúf;,a (Fuel Oil) yd ;dr (Bituman) ksmoùu'

fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau msg;g .kakd l¿ meye;s Wl= Èhrhla jk È.= fYaIh (Long Residue) i|yd fj<|fmdf,ys fyd| b,a¨ula ke;' tneúka" m<uqfjkau fuu È.= fYaIfhka

fldgila úiaíf¾l¾ tAllh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<ska hjd ;dmh wdOdrfhka isÿjk l%shdj,shla

uÕska tys Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;dj wvqlr .kq ,nhs' úiaíf¾l¾ tallh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<

isÿjk l%shdj,sh uÕska my; i|yka ksIamdok fjkalr .kq ,efí'

i. úLKaä; fYaIh (Cracked Residue) ii. úLKaä; kema;d (Cracked Naphtha)iii. úLKaä; .Eiaf;,a (Cracked Gasoil)

úLKaä; fYaIhg wjYH m%udKhg úLKaä; .Eia f;,a uqiq lsÍfuka oeúf;,a j¾. lsysmhla ksmojkq ,efí fïjdfha tAll oelafjkafka frä jqâ ;;amrj,sks' fuu oeúf;,a Ys% ,xldfõ úÿ,s W;amdokh keõj, bkaOk jYfhka yd l¾udka; Yd,d bkaOkhla f,i Ndú;d fõ' w;sßla; oeúf;,a wmkhkh lrkq ,efí'

fuys§ iEfok úLKaä; kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAllh fj; fmg%,a ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i|yd fhduqlrkq ,nhs'

ßla; wdijk tallh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau ,nd .kakd È.= fYaIfhka fldgila" ßla; wdijk tAllh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) ;=<ska hjd tu fYaIfha ieye,a¨ yhsfv%dldnk ;jÿrg;a fjka lr.ekSfï m%;sM,hla f,i È.= fYaIfha Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;djh jeäú >k fYaIh (Short Residue) keue;s ixfhda.h ksmojd .ks' ksmojd.;a >k fYaIh" ;dr tllh (Bitumen Blowing Unit) yryd heùfuka jd;h iuÕ m%;sl%shdlr ;dr (Bitumen) ksmojd .kq ,efí' kuq;a fïjkúg msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i`oyd Ndú;djk u¾nka keue;s fndrf;,a j¾.fha os.= fYaIfhka ;dr (Bitumen) ksmoúh fkdyels neúka ;dr ksIamdokh i`oyd wdkhkh l, os.= fYaIh Ndú;d lrhs'

ßla; wdijk tallfha§ bj;alr.kakd yhsfv%dldnk ksIamdok folla f,i my; wdldrhg fjkalr .kS'

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Light Vacuum Oil) nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Heavy Vaccum Gas Oil)

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a iqÿ ãi,a ksmoùug fhdod.kakd w;r" nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a msßmyÿfõ

ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§ Wÿkaj, bkaOkhla jYfhka Ndú;d fõ' nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a oeúf;,a iuÕ

uqiq lsÍug o fhdod .kS'

msßmyÿfõ mshjr igyka

ilH;d wOHhkh = 1963Odß;dj = 38,000 bbl/dia:dkh = imq.ialkao ^wlalr 165&

fgkav¾ le|ùu = 1966fgkavrfha jákdlu = re' ñ,shk 180

uq,a., ;eîu = 1967 uehs 09 Èk

bÈlsÍïlre = Snam Progetti ( Italy) WmfoaYl;ajh = U. O. P. (U.S.A)újD; lsÍu = 1969.10.12j¾;udk Odß;dj = 51,000bbl/d 7.080 t (max)

f;,aa msßmyÿjl ksIamdok l%shdj,sh mshjr 3 lska isÿfõ'

1' wdijkh (Distillation) fuysÈ fndrf;,a kue;s yhsfv%dldnka ñY%Kfhka úúO WIaK;aj mrdihka j, >kSNjkh

jk (Condense) ksIamdok wjYH mßÈ fjkalr .ekSu isÿfõ'

2' msßisÿ lsÍu (Purification) fndrf;,a j, we;s ,jk j¾. ldnksl i,a*¾(S), khsg%cka(N), Tlaiscka(O) iy f,day(M) j¾. bj;a fldg msßisÿ lsÍfï ls%hdj,shhs' fuu.ska mßir ¥IKh yd Ndú; hka;%iQ;%j,

úLdokh wju ;;a;ajhl mj;ajd .kS'

3' mßj¾;kh (Conversion) yhsfv%dldnk j, ixhq;sh wjYH mßÈ ridhksl l%shdj,shla u.ska fjkia flf¾' fuu.ska

we,aflak" we,alSk jeks yhsfv%dldnk j, mrudKql jHqyhka fjkia fldg wefrdueál jeks

yhsfv%dldnksl j,g mßj¾;kh lsÍfï l%shdj,sh yryd fmg%,a bkaOkfha TlafÜka wxlh

95 g fyda 92 g by< kexùu yd os.=odu iys; yhsfv%dldnk fláodu iys; ixfhda.j,g

mßj¾:kh lsÍu WodyrKhla f,i oelaúh yel'

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha cd;Hka;r iïu;hka

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha§ f,dju ms<s.;a iïu;hka rdYshla ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§" ksIamdok fj<|

fmd<g iemhSfï §" kv;a;= lghq;= lsÍfï§" .Kkh lsÍfï§" mßirh" .sks m%fõiï iy fiajl

fi!LH wd§ jYfhka ia:dms; ù we;' tu iïu;hka mj;ajd f.k hk m%Odk wdh;k my; i|yka

fõ'

1. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) in the United States 2. ISO (international Organization for Standardization) which is at the international level 3. IP (Institute of petroleum) in the United Kingdom 4. API (American petroleum Institute) in the United States 5. OSHAS (Occupational Health and Safety Administration –USA) mßirh yd fiajl fi!LH iy wdrlaIdj i|yd

6. NFTA (National Fire Provencal Authority) - .sks wdYs%; iïu;hka i|yd

7. DOT (Department of Transportation) - ksIamdok" .nvd lsÍu yd m%jdykh i|yd

8. ANSI (American National Standard Institute)- iuia: kS;s yd fr.=,dis

.sksis¿ moaO;sh (Flare System)wjOdkïldÍ ksIamdok l%shdj,shla isÿlrk msßmyÿjl .sksis¿j (Flare System) úfYaIs;u" w;HdjYHu wdrlaIs; Wmdx.hhs' hka;%d.drfha úúO tAll ;=<ska ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ jdhqka" bkaOk jdhqka jYfhka msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha m%fõiï jE,aj" nÿka wdÈfhka ksoyiajk jdhqkao mSvkh wvq ieye,a¨ jdhQkao iy yosis wjia:djloS (In Emergency Situation) jdhq f.da,hg tlt,af,a lsis`ÿ yhsfv%dldnkhla fyda tA wdY%s; ksIamdokhla mßirhg uqodyeßh fkdyel' tfia uqodyeÍfuka mßir ¥IKh jk neúka" tu jdhqka b;d Wi wg,a,l§ oykhfldg uqodyÍ'

msßmyÿ l%shdj,sh i`oyd wjYH Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities)

msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha iuia: ksIamdok l%shdj,shg wjYH úÿ,sn,h" yqud,h" isis,k c,h" fiajd c,h" fndhsf,are i`oyd wjYH ,jK iy wmøjH rys; c,h" iïmSä; jdhQka" bkaOk jdhQ" oeúf;,a wdosh l%uj;aj iemhSu i`oyd ia:dms; moaO;Ska rdYshla yryd imhkq ,nkafka Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities) wxYh u.sks'

bkaOk ksIamdok fldf,dkakdj ksudj iy imq.ialkao f;la fmdïmlsÍu yd fnodyeÍu'

msßmyÿfõ ksmojk bkaOk ksIamdok j,ska fl,skau msßmyÿfjka fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrkq

,nkafka ^wf,úlrkafka& ;dr (Bitumen), t,a'mS' jdhqj yd oeúf;,a muKs' ;dr njqi¾ j,g f;d. jYfhka wf,ú lrkq ,efí' óg wu;rj msßmyÿfõ ksmojk øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj (LP Gas) .Eia iud.ï fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

imq.ialkao msßmyÿfõ Lksc f;,a ksIamdok flf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dkh olajd fmdïm lsÍu msKsi 6”, 8” yd 12” úYalïN j,ska hqla; k, 3 lska msßmyÿj yd fldf,dkakdj ksudj iïnkaO lr we;'

fldf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍï uOHia:dkh uÕska njqi¾" ÿïßh" l=vd keõ" fm!oa.,sl bkaOk jdyk wdÈh uÕska Lksc f;,a ksIamdok Y%S ,xldj mqrd fnodyßkq ,efí'

2000 j¾Ifha újD;l< imq.ialkao m¾hka;fha fmg%,a" N+ñf;,a" ãi,a" oeúf;,a iy .=jkahdkd bkaOk (Jet A1) wdoS ksIamdok 5 la fnodyßkq ,nhs'

imq.ialkao m¾hka;h

msßmyÿjg wkqnoaO imq.ialkao m¾hka;h ,xldfõ m<fjks iajhxl%Sh md,k fnodyeÍï moaO;shla iys; fnodyeÍï m¾hka;h jk w;r" th bkaOk .nvdlsÍfï gexls 12 iys; ksIamdok myla fnodyeÍfï myiqlï we;s msßmyÿj iu. k< ud¾. 04lska iïnkaëlrKh ù we;s msßmyÿfjka md,khjk fnodyeÍfï m¾hka;hhs'

fkú,A ùrfialr uy;d iu. 20 fofkl=f.ka hq;a l<ukdldr wNHdi,dNS lKavdhula msßmyÿfõ l<ukdldÍ;ajh i`oyd 1967 oS n`ojd .;a w;r" 1972 oS úfoaYSh md,kdêldßfhka ish¨ j.lSï Tjqka fj; mjrd we;'

foaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fkú,a ùrfialr D.M.E.S. nq,;aisxy, S. ùrj¾Ok S. isjfkaika D.S. chúl%u D. pkaøfialr S. isjiqkaorï T.M. m%kdkaÿ T.C. nlauka T.A.S. fm%auisß M.F.F. Tud¾ M. fm;shdf.dv W.A. isßfiak C. ùr;=x. M. .,mam;a;sf.a S. órd iySí G.D. óuevqu S. úl%uisxy D.N.G. mska.uf.a S.M.G. iurfldaka

tod mgka wo jk ;=re foaYSh jD;a;slhkaf.ka ieÿï ,;a l<uKdldÍ;ajhla hgf;a mqyqKq ld¾ñl

Ys,amSkaf.a Y%u odhl;ajfhka iy wfkl=;a ld¾hxY m%OdkSkaf.a oeä lemùfuka 1969 wf.daia;= 07

oe,ajQ .sksis¨j fkdksud nen<ùu › ,dxlsl ;dlaIKsl mqk¾Ôjh mK .ekajQ n, .ekajQ b;sydih

fufia igyka ;eìh hq;=h' 1979 - msßmÿfõ ksIamdok Odß;djh ner,a 51"000 olajd mq¨,a lsÍu'

1981 - .=jkahdkd bkaOk ksIamdokh i`oyd ksIamdok úhou wju jQ fufrdlaia m%;sldrl tAllh

ia:dms; lsÍu'

1983 - n,Yla;s wrmsßueiau i`oyd msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a W`ÿk oyk jdhq WKqiqïlrKhla

iu. kùlrKh lsÍu'

1986 - Tref.dvj;a; fndrf;,a .nvdlsÍfï gexls wx.kfha iy jrdfha isg ls'ó' 08la wE;ska msysá

fndahdfjys (SPBM) jevlghq;= wjika fldg úYd, fk!ld Ndú;fldg fndrf;,a wdkhkh

wdrïN lsÍu'

1992 - úúO fndrf;,a j¾. msßmeyeoSu i`oyd msßmyÿfõ fndrf;,a wdijk tAllh kùlrKh

lsÍu (Tapies Crude).1999 - fmg%,a oykfhka mßirhg jk ydksh wju lsÍu i`oyd TEL keue;s W;afmarl kj;d

m%ñ;s.; fmg%,a fjf<`ofmd,g iemhSug wjYH mßos ksIamdok tAllh kùlrKh lsÍu'

2000 - msßmyÿfõ úÿ,sn, iemhqfuys ia:djr;ajh i`oyd ãi,a úÿ,sckk hka;% folla ia:dms; lsÍu'

2003 - cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s.; ãi,a fjf<`om,g ksl=;alsÍu i`oyd ksIamdok tAll folla kùlrKh

lsÍu'

2013 - yhsfv%dàg¾ tAllh i`oyd wjYH yhsv%cka jdhq tAllhla iúlsÍu'

2015 - Wmfhda.Sn, wxYhg jdhqiïmSvl WmlrK folla iúlsÍu'

2017 - úÿ,sn, ksIamdokh ia:djr lsÍu i`oyd fu'fgdka 27l Odß;djh we;s wêmSvk yqud,ckl

hka;%hla ia:dmkh lsÍu'

keõ u.ska fndrf;,a ,nd.ekSu" msßmyÿj iy ksñ ksIamdok

fmfg%da,shï ksIamdok

m%Odk jYfhka msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok 10 la" ksIamdokh lrk w;r thska ksIamdok 09 la bkaOk jk w;r ìgquka bkaOkhla fkdfõ'

t,a'mS' jdhqj Tfgda ãi,a ridhksl kema;d iqmsß ãi,a fmg%,a oeú f;,a N+ñf;,a ;dr .=jkahdkd bkaOk tia' î' mS'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallh (Crude Distillation Unit – 01)

fndrf;,a msßmeye£fï l%shdj,sh wLKav l%shdj,shls wjqreÿ 3 l ld,hla wLKavj fuu l%shdj,sh

isÿlsÍu i|yd hka;%d.drh ie,iqï fldg we;' fuu ld,h wjidkfha kv;a;= yd m%;sixialrKh

lghq;= i|yd i;s 05 l muK ld,hlg hka;%d.drh jikq ,efí'

fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) /ila yryd hjd fmr r;alsÍfï l%shdj,shlg

(Pre-Heating) Ndckhlr" c,h iuÕ ñY% fldg ,jK bj;alsÍu msKsi úYd, nÿka follg (Desalted) hjkq ,efí'

fuys§ fndrf;,aj, wvx.= c,h fjkajk w;r" tA iuÕ fidaähï laf,darhsâ (NaCl), ue.aksishï

laf,darhsâ (MgCl2), le,aishï laf,darhsâ (CaCl

2) jeks ,jK o bj;a fõ' fufia fndrf;,a ,jK yd

c,h bj;a lrkq ,nkafka fuu ,jK j,ska iEfok wñ, uÕska fndrf;,a fhduq lrkq ,nk l=¿Kq"

Wÿka n÷ka" k, ud¾. wdÈfha u, ne£u we;s lrkq ,nk neúks'

,jK yd c,h bj;al, fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) yd úYd, W÷ka 2 la (Furnaces) uÕska 3650C l muK WIaK;ajhlg r;afldg wä 90la muK Wi fhdaO l=¿Kla

(tkï"C-1 l=¿K) fj; fhduqlrkq ,efí'

C-1 l=¿K ;=, isÿjk Nd.sl wdijk l%shdj,sh (Fractional Distillation) uÕska fndrf;,a my;

m%Odk fldgia 4 g fjka lrkq ,efí'

kema;d N+ñf;,a ãi,a È.= fYaIh ^óg wu;r iq¨ jYfhka 1] la muK ieye,a¨ jdhqka fjka lr.kq ,efí'&

kema;d j,ska fmg%,a ,nd .ekSu'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfha l=¿fka by<skau ,nd .kakd kema;d myiqfjka jdIam jk mdgla fkdue;s

øjhls' fuu øjfha wvx.+ f.kao.ï jeks wmøjH bj;alsÍu i|yd kema;d by< WIAK;ajh yd

mSvkh hgf;a W;afm%arl udOHfha yhsv%cka iu. m%;sl%shdjk kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating) kï l%shdj,sh isÿlrhs' kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating& l%shdj,sfha ,efnk ner kema;d

fldgi oyk .=Kdx.hla jk TlafÜka wxlh ^Octane Number& fjkialsÍu i`oyd W;afm%arl udOH

;=< ma,eÜf*dañka kï l%shdj,sh isÿlr fmg%,a ksmojhs'

LP .Eia fyj;a øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka iy ma,eÜf*dau¾ tallfhka fjkalr .kq ,nhs' jdhquh fldgia

ämafrdmkhsi¾ (Deporopanizer) tAllh ;=<ska hjd fm%dfmaka jdhqj jeks ieye,a¨ jdhqka bj;alr

.kq ,efí' bkamiq fuu jdhq ñY%Kh t,a'mS'Ô' fufrdlaia (LPG Merox) tallh ;+<ska hjd tys we;s

f.kao.ï bj;alr t,a'mS' jdhqj ksmojhs'

ridhksl kema;d iy úfYaI ;dmdxl wdfrdayK iamS;=(Chemical Naphtha and Special Boiling Point Solvent)

kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tallfha ,efnk w;sßla; kema;d" ridhksl kema;d f,i

n,d.drj,g wf,úlsÍu fyda wmkhkh lrkq ,efí' tfukau yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tAllfh-

ka ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ kema;d j,ska fldgila tia'î'mS tAllh (S.B.P Unit) ;=<ska hjd l¾udka;

Yd,dj, ødjlhla (Solvent) jYfhka Ndú;d lrk úfYaI ;dmdxlh wdfrdayK iam%s;= l,ska l,g

ksmojkq ,efí' fïjd ;sk¾ (Thinner) j, ødjlh jYfhka Ndú;d fõ'

,dïmq f;,a yd .=jkahdkd mxld f;,a ksmoùu (Jet-A1) N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh - 15

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a j, fj<|fmd,g ta wdldrhg ksl=;al< yels

.=Kdx. mj;sk neúka" ;jÿrg;a msßisÿ fkdfldg N+ñf;,a ^,dïmqf;,a& jYfhka fnodyeÍu i|yd

fldf,dkakdj ksudj fj; hjhs'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a úúO ;;ajhka md,kh lsÍfuka tkï" kshñ; ysudxlh (Freezing Point) mrdih mj;ajd .ekSfuka miqj tajd N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh (Kerosine Merox Unit) yryd hjkq ,efí' fuys§ N+ñf;,a j, u¾lemagka f,i l%shdldßj mj;akd f.kao.ï"

wvq l%shdldß vhsi,amhsv ixfhda.hla njg W;afm%arl Ndú;fhka yrjhs' fïjd uq,skau k,ud¾.

j,ska fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk fj; hjkq ,nk w;r" bkamiqj

lgqkdhl yd u;a;, cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm,j,a fj; bkaOk jYfhka ksl=;a lrkq ,nhs' fuuÕska

wm rgg úfoaY úksuh Wmhd.kS'

1890 jif¾ Lkscf;,a Ndú;h N+ñf;,a (Kerosene) úÿ,s ckl hka;% u.ska úÿ,s W;amdokh i|yd

fld<U ì%iag,a ùÈfha ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a § (Billiard Room of Bristol Hotel) uq,skau jd¾;dfõ'

fojkqj 1895 § ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a (By Messrs Boustead Bros) l=vd úÿ,s n,d.drhla bÈlrk

,§' bkamiq 1902 j¾Ifha isg jdyk (Auto Mobile) Ndú;h bx.%Sis cd;slhka úiska wdrïN lsÍu;a

iu`. Lkscf;,a wdkhkh lEkaa iy ner,a u.ska wdkhkh lr fnodyeÍu isÿ ù we;'

YS% ,xldfõ Lksc f;,a jHdmdrfha uQ,slhka

fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

tAIshála fmfg%da,shï iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u'

fI,a iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

fI,a lïmeks T*a isf,daka

fudì,a ^iagekajEla&

tfida iud.u

le,afglaia iud.u

1956 § mej;s rch" ;%sl=Kdu,h Ök jrdfha bkaOk .nvd lsÍug ì%;dkHhka úiska f.dvk.d

;snQ gexls 101 lska hq;= gexls ixlS¾Kh cki;= lsÍug mshjr .kakd ,§' ta i|yd YS% ,xldfõ

rch úiska ì%;dkH rchg mjqï 250"000 l uqo,la f.jk ,§'

Bg wu;rj gexls 5 la fldf,dkakdj l,dm wxl 1 yS mej;s w;r" tajd Ndú;d lrk ,oafoa f;,a iud.ï úisks'

1957 § úfoaYSh iud.ï uÕska msßmyÿjla f.dvke.Su i|yd fhdackd bÈßm;a l<o rch th m%;sfCIam lrk ,§'

1958 § f;,a iud.u cki;= lrk f,i f;,a fiajlhka úiska jev j¾ckhla mj;ajk ,§'

bkamiq mshjfrka mshjr ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dfõ wNsjDoaêh mk; i|yka f,i jd¾;d ù we;'

1962 wfm%a,a 26 osk ,xldj ;=< Lksc f;,a wf,úh i|yd ;r`.ldÍj iyNd.s ùug fnÿïm,j,a mjrd .ekSfï ;SrKh l%shd;aul lsÍu'

1962 ud¾;= 14 Èk ˜ whsfkdfjda ˜ keu;s kefjka ksIamdÈ; Lksc f;,a" reishdfõ isg fld<U jrdhg f.k tau'

1962 wfm%a,a 28 fldf<dkakdfõ isg gexlsr: yd ÿïßh u.ska f;,a fnodyeÍu wdrïN lsÍu'

1964 wfm%a,a 01 Ök jrdh f;,a hka;%ia:dkh ixia:djg mjrd .ekSu'

Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj ìysù jir jir 2 lg miq 1963 wxl 5 orK mk; uÕska msßmyÿlrKhg iy .fõIKhg wjir ,enqKq w;r" tuÕska 25] la muK úfoaY úksuh b;sß lr.; yels njg ikd: úh'

Lksc f;,a msßmyÿ ilH;d wOHkh i|yd m%xYfha "Francais due Petrol" wdh;kh m;alrk ,§'

1963 mkf;a wxl 5 orK ixfYdaOkh uÕska msßmyÿlrKh iy .fõIKh i|yd wêldÍ;a-jh ,enqKs'

m%xYfha "Francais" wdh;kh úiska Èklg ner,a 38"000 l msßmyÿ Odß;djhlska hqla; msßmyÿjla ;ekSug ks¾foaY lrk ,§'

1967 § "Snam Proggetti", "Italy" we;=¨ ;j;a iud.ï 2 la úiska fgkav¾ bÈßm;a lrk ,§' "Snam Proggetti" wdh;kh fgkavrh i|yd f;drd.kakd ,§'

1967 uehs ui 07 jk Èk msßmyÿjg uq,a., ;nk ,§'

1968 j¾Ifha 4jk ld¾;=fõ§ 50 fofkl=f.ka hqla; ;dCIKsl iylrejka lKavdhula meñKshy'

1969 uehs 15 jk od "Verisella" kï fk!ld-fjys fndrf;,a f.kajd msßmyÿ gexls wx.khg fmdïm lrk ,§'

1969 uehs 25 jk od msßmyÿfõ úÿ,s n,d.drh l%shdlrjqï wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 5 jk Èk msßmyÿ fndrf;,a ixirKh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 6 jk Èk W÷ka iy oe,a, o,ajk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 07 Èk msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a wdijk l=¨kg fndrf;,a fhduqfldg ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 1 jk Èk jk úg msßmyÿfõ ish¨ ksIamdok tallhkaf.a ia:djrNdjh ;yjqre lrk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ks, iudrïNh 1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 12 jk Èk mj;ajk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN l< úfoaYSh ;dCIKsl iyldr lKavdhu úiska 1972 ckjdß 09 jk Èk Y%S ,xlsl l<ukdldÍ;ajhla fj; msßmyÿj Ndr lrk ,§'

úfoaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fykaß f,ó - msßmyÿ l,ukdldrW.H. fudiag¾Ü - fcHIaG ld¾ñl bxcsfkareR.N.n¾iaud - fufyhqï l<ukdldrL. jekav¾iaÆÜ - úÿ,s bxcsfkareJ.H. we,an¾Üia - mqyqKqlsrSï lsrSï yd ixj¾Ok m%OdksN. iafgd*afldm¾ - bxcsfkare mrSlaIlG. Ylauka - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,OdrsA.M. cka.a,Eka.¾ - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,Odrs

Lksc f;,a ''''''''''

f,dalfha n, Yla;s wjYH;dj imqrk m%Odk n, Yla;s m%Njhls th wo jk úg f,dalfha iudc

wd¾Ól fukau foaYmd,k lafIa;%hkag mjd iDcqj n,mEï lrkakg iu;a idOlhlaj mj;S'

fudkjo fï Lkscf;,a Lkscf;,a hkq fmdis, bkaOkhls'

fmdis, bkaOk hkq óg jir ñ,shk ;=kaishlg muK fmr hq.fha mDÓúfha úiQ Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx. (plankton) j,ska fmdis, bkaOk ;ekS we;' ñh.sh Ydl iy i;a;aj fldgia id.r m;=f,a ;ekam;aùfuka miq

ksrka;r f;rmSug" WIaK;ajhg iy nelaàßhd ÔrK l%shdj,shkg ,lafõ' fuu Ôù øjH ld,h;a

iu`. mdIdK ia:rhkaf.ka jeiS hhs' fï whqßka È.= ld,hla mqrd fuu Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx.

fN!;sl iy ridhksl l%shdoduhlg ,laùfuka fmdis, bkaOk ks¾udKh fõ' fuh Ôj ridhksl

l%shdj,shls (Bio Chemical Reaction).

wjidÈ; mdIdK ia:r iys; iqúfYaIs m%foaYhkays fndrf;,a ksOka.;j we;' Lkscf;,a yereKq úg

.,a w`.=re iy iajNdúl jdhqjo fmdis, bkaOk j,g wh;a fõ' fndrf;,a j, mj;sk m%Odk

uQ,øjH folls' tkï yhsv%cka yd ldnkah' fï ksid yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khla fndrf;,a kñka

ye`oskafõ' we,aflak" we,alSk" we,alhsk iy wefrdaueál wdoS yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khls'

fmdis, bkaOk j¾.SlrKh úúO fN!;sl iy ridhksl fya;+ka u; ;=ka wdldrhlg fmdis, bkaOk ;ekam;aùu isÿfõ'

1' >K - .,a w`.=re COAL

2' øj - fndr f;,a CRUDE OIL

3' jdhq - Lksc jdhqka NATURAL GAS

Lksc f;,a Ndú;hg .efkk wjia:d n,Yla;s m%Njhla f,i wuqøjHhla f,i

fudag¾ r: niar: wdÈfha bkaOkhla f,i iqj| ú,jqka yd wdf,amk i|yd

l¾udka; Yd,dj, bkaðka l%shdlrùu i|yd T!IO i|yd

.=jka hdkd iy keõ bkaOkhla f,i ma,diaála ksmoùug

úÿ,sn, W;amdokh i|yd f;,a ,sysis f;,a ksmoùug

t,a mS jdhqj ^.Dyia: mßfNdackh i`oyd& úúO ridhksl øjH ksIamdokh i|yd

fndrf;,a j, ixhq;sh m%;sY;h (wt%) ldnka 85 - 86

yhsv%cka 11 - 14

i,a*¾ 0'06 - 1'75

khsg%cka iq`: m%udKhla

Tlaiscka iq`: m%udKhla

,jk (Nacl2 Mgcl2) wxY= ud;%hla

hlv (Fe, Ni, v, cu ) wxY= ud;%hla

uKaä

c,h

ãi,a ksmoùu msßmyÿfõ ãi,a j¾. 3 la ksmoúh yel'

i. iqÿ ãi,a (Auto Diesel) ii. l¿ ãi,a (Heavy Diesel) iii. keõ ãi,a (Marine Diesel)

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd ãi,a fyj;a .Eia f;,a (Gas oil) yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAll folla iudka;rj Ndú;d lrñka f.kao.ï m%udKh kshñ; uÜgu olajd bj;a lrkq

,nhs' bkamiq fuu ãi,a fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk u.ska

fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

oeúf;,a (Fuel Oil) yd ;dr (Bituman) ksmoùu'

fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau msg;g .kakd l¿ meye;s Wl= Èhrhla jk È.= fYaIh (Long Residue) i|yd fj<|fmdf,ys fyd| b,a¨ula ke;' tneúka" m<uqfjkau fuu È.= fYaIfhka

fldgila úiaíf¾l¾ tAllh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<ska hjd ;dmh wdOdrfhka isÿjk l%shdj,shla

uÕska tys Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;dj wvqlr .kq ,nhs' úiaíf¾l¾ tallh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<

isÿjk l%shdj,sh uÕska my; i|yka ksIamdok fjkalr .kq ,efí'

i. úLKaä; fYaIh (Cracked Residue) ii. úLKaä; kema;d (Cracked Naphtha)iii. úLKaä; .Eiaf;,a (Cracked Gasoil)

úLKaä; fYaIhg wjYH m%udKhg úLKaä; .Eia f;,a uqiq lsÍfuka oeúf;,a j¾. lsysmhla ksmojkq ,efí fïjdfha tAll oelafjkafka frä jqâ ;;amrj,sks' fuu oeúf;,a Ys% ,xldfõ úÿ,s W;amdokh keõj, bkaOk jYfhka yd l¾udka; Yd,d bkaOkhla f,i Ndú;d fõ' w;sßla; oeúf;,a wmkhkh lrkq ,efí'

fuys§ iEfok úLKaä; kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAllh fj; fmg%,a ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i|yd fhduqlrkq ,nhs'

ßla; wdijk tallh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau ,nd .kakd È.= fYaIfhka fldgila" ßla; wdijk tAllh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) ;=<ska hjd tu fYaIfha ieye,a¨ yhsfv%dldnk ;jÿrg;a fjka lr.ekSfï m%;sM,hla f,i È.= fYaIfha Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;djh jeäú >k fYaIh (Short Residue) keue;s ixfhda.h ksmojd .ks' ksmojd.;a >k fYaIh" ;dr tllh (Bitumen Blowing Unit) yryd heùfuka jd;h iuÕ m%;sl%shdlr ;dr (Bitumen) ksmojd .kq ,efí' kuq;a fïjkúg msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i`oyd Ndú;djk u¾nka keue;s fndrf;,a j¾.fha os.= fYaIfhka ;dr (Bitumen) ksmoúh fkdyels neúka ;dr ksIamdokh i`oyd wdkhkh l, os.= fYaIh Ndú;d lrhs'

ßla; wdijk tallfha§ bj;alr.kakd yhsfv%dldnk ksIamdok folla f,i my; wdldrhg fjkalr .kS'

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Light Vacuum Oil) nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Heavy Vaccum Gas Oil)

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a iqÿ ãi,a ksmoùug fhdod.kakd w;r" nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a msßmyÿfõ

ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§ Wÿkaj, bkaOkhla jYfhka Ndú;d fõ' nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a oeúf;,a iuÕ

uqiq lsÍug o fhdod .kS'

msßmyÿfõ mshjr igyka

ilH;d wOHhkh = 1963Odß;dj = 38,000 bbl/dia:dkh = imq.ialkao ^wlalr 165&

fgkav¾ le|ùu = 1966fgkavrfha jákdlu = re' ñ,shk 180

uq,a., ;eîu = 1967 uehs 09 Èk

bÈlsÍïlre = Snam Progetti ( Italy) WmfoaYl;ajh = U. O. P. (U.S.A)újD; lsÍu = 1969.10.12j¾;udk Odß;dj = 51,000bbl/d 7.080 t (max)

f;,aa msßmyÿjl ksIamdok l%shdj,sh mshjr 3 lska isÿfõ'

1' wdijkh (Distillation) fuysÈ fndrf;,a kue;s yhsfv%dldnka ñY%Kfhka úúO WIaK;aj mrdihka j, >kSNjkh

jk (Condense) ksIamdok wjYH mßÈ fjkalr .ekSu isÿfõ'

2' msßisÿ lsÍu (Purification) fndrf;,a j, we;s ,jk j¾. ldnksl i,a*¾(S), khsg%cka(N), Tlaiscka(O) iy f,day(M) j¾. bj;a fldg msßisÿ lsÍfï ls%hdj,shhs' fuu.ska mßir ¥IKh yd Ndú; hka;%iQ;%j,

úLdokh wju ;;a;ajhl mj;ajd .kS'

3' mßj¾;kh (Conversion) yhsfv%dldnk j, ixhq;sh wjYH mßÈ ridhksl l%shdj,shla u.ska fjkia flf¾' fuu.ska

we,aflak" we,alSk jeks yhsfv%dldnk j, mrudKql jHqyhka fjkia fldg wefrdueál jeks

yhsfv%dldnksl j,g mßj¾;kh lsÍfï l%shdj,sh yryd fmg%,a bkaOkfha TlafÜka wxlh

95 g fyda 92 g by< kexùu yd os.=odu iys; yhsfv%dldnk fláodu iys; ixfhda.j,g

mßj¾:kh lsÍu WodyrKhla f,i oelaúh yel'

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha cd;Hka;r iïu;hka

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha§ f,dju ms<s.;a iïu;hka rdYshla ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§" ksIamdok fj<|

fmd<g iemhSfï §" kv;a;= lghq;= lsÍfï§" .Kkh lsÍfï§" mßirh" .sks m%fõiï iy fiajl

fi!LH wd§ jYfhka ia:dms; ù we;' tu iïu;hka mj;ajd f.k hk m%Odk wdh;k my; i|yka

fõ'

1. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) in the United States 2. ISO (international Organization for Standardization) which is at the international level 3. IP (Institute of petroleum) in the United Kingdom 4. API (American petroleum Institute) in the United States 5. OSHAS (Occupational Health and Safety Administration –USA) mßirh yd fiajl fi!LH iy wdrlaIdj i|yd

6. NFTA (National Fire Provencal Authority) - .sks wdYs%; iïu;hka i|yd

7. DOT (Department of Transportation) - ksIamdok" .nvd lsÍu yd m%jdykh i|yd

8. ANSI (American National Standard Institute)- iuia: kS;s yd fr.=,dis

.sksis¿ moaO;sh (Flare System)wjOdkïldÍ ksIamdok l%shdj,shla isÿlrk msßmyÿjl .sksis¿j (Flare System) úfYaIs;u" w;HdjYHu wdrlaIs; Wmdx.hhs' hka;%d.drfha úúO tAll ;=<ska ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ jdhqka" bkaOk jdhqka jYfhka msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha m%fõiï jE,aj" nÿka wdÈfhka ksoyiajk jdhqkao mSvkh wvq ieye,a¨ jdhQkao iy yosis wjia:djloS (In Emergency Situation) jdhq f.da,hg tlt,af,a lsis`ÿ yhsfv%dldnkhla fyda tA wdY%s; ksIamdokhla mßirhg uqodyeßh fkdyel' tfia uqodyeÍfuka mßir ¥IKh jk neúka" tu jdhqka b;d Wi wg,a,l§ oykhfldg uqodyÍ'

msßmyÿ l%shdj,sh i`oyd wjYH Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities)

msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha iuia: ksIamdok l%shdj,shg wjYH úÿ,sn,h" yqud,h" isis,k c,h" fiajd c,h" fndhsf,are i`oyd wjYH ,jK iy wmøjH rys; c,h" iïmSä; jdhQka" bkaOk jdhQ" oeúf;,a wdosh l%uj;aj iemhSu i`oyd ia:dms; moaO;Ska rdYshla yryd imhkq ,nkafka Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities) wxYh u.sks'

bkaOk ksIamdok fldf,dkakdj ksudj iy imq.ialkao f;la fmdïmlsÍu yd fnodyeÍu'

msßmyÿfõ ksmojk bkaOk ksIamdok j,ska fl,skau msßmyÿfjka fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrkq

,nkafka ^wf,úlrkafka& ;dr (Bitumen), t,a'mS' jdhqj yd oeúf;,a muKs' ;dr njqi¾ j,g f;d. jYfhka wf,ú lrkq ,efí' óg wu;rj msßmyÿfõ ksmojk øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj (LP Gas) .Eia iud.ï fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

imq.ialkao msßmyÿfõ Lksc f;,a ksIamdok flf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dkh olajd fmdïm lsÍu msKsi 6”, 8” yd 12” úYalïN j,ska hqla; k, 3 lska msßmyÿj yd fldf,dkakdj ksudj iïnkaO lr we;'

fldf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍï uOHia:dkh uÕska njqi¾" ÿïßh" l=vd keõ" fm!oa.,sl bkaOk jdyk wdÈh uÕska Lksc f;,a ksIamdok Y%S ,xldj mqrd fnodyßkq ,efí'

2000 j¾Ifha újD;l< imq.ialkao m¾hka;fha fmg%,a" N+ñf;,a" ãi,a" oeúf;,a iy .=jkahdkd bkaOk (Jet A1) wdoS ksIamdok 5 la fnodyßkq ,nhs'

imq.ialkao m¾hka;h

msßmyÿjg wkqnoaO imq.ialkao m¾hka;h ,xldfõ m<fjks iajhxl%Sh md,k fnodyeÍï moaO;shla iys; fnodyeÍï m¾hka;h jk w;r" th bkaOk .nvdlsÍfï gexls 12 iys; ksIamdok myla fnodyeÍfï myiqlï we;s msßmyÿj iu. k< ud¾. 04lska iïnkaëlrKh ù we;s msßmyÿfjka md,khjk fnodyeÍfï m¾hka;hhs'

fkú,A ùrfialr uy;d iu. 20 fofkl=f.ka hq;a l<ukdldr wNHdi,dNS lKavdhula msßmyÿfõ l<ukdldÍ;ajh i`oyd 1967 oS n`ojd .;a w;r" 1972 oS úfoaYSh md,kdêldßfhka ish¨ j.lSï Tjqka fj; mjrd we;'

foaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fkú,a ùrfialr D.M.E.S. nq,;aisxy, S. ùrj¾Ok S. isjfkaika D.S. chúl%u D. pkaøfialr S. isjiqkaorï T.M. m%kdkaÿ T.C. nlauka T.A.S. fm%auisß M.F.F. Tud¾ M. fm;shdf.dv W.A. isßfiak C. ùr;=x. M. .,mam;a;sf.a S. órd iySí G.D. óuevqu S. úl%uisxy D.N.G. mska.uf.a S.M.G. iurfldaka

tod mgka wo jk ;=re foaYSh jD;a;slhkaf.ka ieÿï ,;a l<uKdldÍ;ajhla hgf;a mqyqKq ld¾ñl

Ys,amSkaf.a Y%u odhl;ajfhka iy wfkl=;a ld¾hxY m%OdkSkaf.a oeä lemùfuka 1969 wf.daia;= 07

oe,ajQ .sksis¨j fkdksud nen<ùu › ,dxlsl ;dlaIKsl mqk¾Ôjh mK .ekajQ n, .ekajQ b;sydih

fufia igyka ;eìh hq;=h' 1979 - msßmÿfõ ksIamdok Odß;djh ner,a 51"000 olajd mq¨,a lsÍu'

1981 - .=jkahdkd bkaOk ksIamdokh i`oyd ksIamdok úhou wju jQ fufrdlaia m%;sldrl tAllh

ia:dms; lsÍu'

1983 - n,Yla;s wrmsßueiau i`oyd msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a W`ÿk oyk jdhq WKqiqïlrKhla

iu. kùlrKh lsÍu'

1986 - Tref.dvj;a; fndrf;,a .nvdlsÍfï gexls wx.kfha iy jrdfha isg ls'ó' 08la wE;ska msysá

fndahdfjys (SPBM) jevlghq;= wjika fldg úYd, fk!ld Ndú;fldg fndrf;,a wdkhkh

wdrïN lsÍu'

1992 - úúO fndrf;,a j¾. msßmeyeoSu i`oyd msßmyÿfõ fndrf;,a wdijk tAllh kùlrKh

lsÍu (Tapies Crude).1999 - fmg%,a oykfhka mßirhg jk ydksh wju lsÍu i`oyd TEL keue;s W;afmarl kj;d

m%ñ;s.; fmg%,a fjf<`ofmd,g iemhSug wjYH mßos ksIamdok tAllh kùlrKh lsÍu'

2000 - msßmyÿfõ úÿ,sn, iemhqfuys ia:djr;ajh i`oyd ãi,a úÿ,sckk hka;% folla ia:dms; lsÍu'

2003 - cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s.; ãi,a fjf<`om,g ksl=;alsÍu i`oyd ksIamdok tAll folla kùlrKh

lsÍu'

2013 - yhsfv%dàg¾ tAllh i`oyd wjYH yhsv%cka jdhq tAllhla iúlsÍu'

2015 - Wmfhda.Sn, wxYhg jdhqiïmSvl WmlrK folla iúlsÍu'

2017 - úÿ,sn, ksIamdokh ia:djr lsÍu i`oyd fu'fgdka 27l Odß;djh we;s wêmSvk yqud,ckl

hka;%hla ia:dmkh lsÍu'

keõ u.ska fndrf;,a ,nd.ekSu" msßmyÿj iy ksñ ksIamdok

fmfg%da,shï ksIamdok

m%Odk jYfhka msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok 10 la" ksIamdokh lrk w;r thska ksIamdok 09 la bkaOk jk w;r ìgquka bkaOkhla fkdfõ'

t,a'mS' jdhqj Tfgda ãi,a ridhksl kema;d iqmsß ãi,a fmg%,a oeú f;,a N+ñf;,a ;dr .=jkahdkd bkaOk tia' î' mS'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallh (Crude Distillation Unit – 01)

fndrf;,a msßmeye£fï l%shdj,sh wLKav l%shdj,shls wjqreÿ 3 l ld,hla wLKavj fuu l%shdj,sh

isÿlsÍu i|yd hka;%d.drh ie,iqï fldg we;' fuu ld,h wjidkfha kv;a;= yd m%;sixialrKh

lghq;= i|yd i;s 05 l muK ld,hlg hka;%d.drh jikq ,efí'

fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) /ila yryd hjd fmr r;alsÍfï l%shdj,shlg

(Pre-Heating) Ndckhlr" c,h iuÕ ñY% fldg ,jK bj;alsÍu msKsi úYd, nÿka follg (Desalted) hjkq ,efí'

fuys§ fndrf;,aj, wvx.= c,h fjkajk w;r" tA iuÕ fidaähï laf,darhsâ (NaCl), ue.aksishï

laf,darhsâ (MgCl2), le,aishï laf,darhsâ (CaCl

2) jeks ,jK o bj;a fõ' fufia fndrf;,a ,jK yd

c,h bj;a lrkq ,nkafka fuu ,jK j,ska iEfok wñ, uÕska fndrf;,a fhduq lrkq ,nk l=¿Kq"

Wÿka n÷ka" k, ud¾. wdÈfha u, ne£u we;s lrkq ,nk neúks'

,jK yd c,h bj;al, fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) yd úYd, W÷ka 2 la (Furnaces) uÕska 3650C l muK WIaK;ajhlg r;afldg wä 90la muK Wi fhdaO l=¿Kla

(tkï"C-1 l=¿K) fj; fhduqlrkq ,efí'

C-1 l=¿K ;=, isÿjk Nd.sl wdijk l%shdj,sh (Fractional Distillation) uÕska fndrf;,a my;

m%Odk fldgia 4 g fjka lrkq ,efí'

kema;d N+ñf;,a ãi,a È.= fYaIh ^óg wu;r iq¨ jYfhka 1] la muK ieye,a¨ jdhqka fjka lr.kq ,efí'&

kema;d j,ska fmg%,a ,nd .ekSu'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfha l=¿fka by<skau ,nd .kakd kema;d myiqfjka jdIam jk mdgla fkdue;s

øjhls' fuu øjfha wvx.+ f.kao.ï jeks wmøjH bj;alsÍu i|yd kema;d by< WIAK;ajh yd

mSvkh hgf;a W;afm%arl udOHfha yhsv%cka iu. m%;sl%shdjk kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating) kï l%shdj,sh isÿlrhs' kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating& l%shdj,sfha ,efnk ner kema;d

fldgi oyk .=Kdx.hla jk TlafÜka wxlh ^Octane Number& fjkialsÍu i`oyd W;afm%arl udOH

;=< ma,eÜf*dañka kï l%shdj,sh isÿlr fmg%,a ksmojhs'

LP .Eia fyj;a øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka iy ma,eÜf*dau¾ tallfhka fjkalr .kq ,nhs' jdhquh fldgia

ämafrdmkhsi¾ (Deporopanizer) tAllh ;=<ska hjd fm%dfmaka jdhqj jeks ieye,a¨ jdhqka bj;alr

.kq ,efí' bkamiq fuu jdhq ñY%Kh t,a'mS'Ô' fufrdlaia (LPG Merox) tallh ;+<ska hjd tys we;s

f.kao.ï bj;alr t,a'mS' jdhqj ksmojhs'

ridhksl kema;d iy úfYaI ;dmdxl wdfrdayK iamS;=(Chemical Naphtha and Special Boiling Point Solvent)

kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tallfha ,efnk w;sßla; kema;d" ridhksl kema;d f,i

n,d.drj,g wf,úlsÍu fyda wmkhkh lrkq ,efí' tfukau yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tAllfh-

ka ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ kema;d j,ska fldgila tia'î'mS tAllh (S.B.P Unit) ;=<ska hjd l¾udka;

Yd,dj, ødjlhla (Solvent) jYfhka Ndú;d lrk úfYaI ;dmdxlh wdfrdayK iam%s;= l,ska l,g

ksmojkq ,efí' fïjd ;sk¾ (Thinner) j, ødjlh jYfhka Ndú;d fõ'

,dïmq f;,a yd .=jkahdkd mxld f;,a ksmoùu (Jet-A1) N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh - 15

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a j, fj<|fmd,g ta wdldrhg ksl=;al< yels

.=Kdx. mj;sk neúka" ;jÿrg;a msßisÿ fkdfldg N+ñf;,a ^,dïmqf;,a& jYfhka fnodyeÍu i|yd

fldf,dkakdj ksudj fj; hjhs'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a úúO ;;ajhka md,kh lsÍfuka tkï" kshñ; ysudxlh (Freezing Point) mrdih mj;ajd .ekSfuka miqj tajd N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh (Kerosine Merox Unit) yryd hjkq ,efí' fuys§ N+ñf;,a j, u¾lemagka f,i l%shdldßj mj;akd f.kao.ï"

wvq l%shdldß vhsi,amhsv ixfhda.hla njg W;afm%arl Ndú;fhka yrjhs' fïjd uq,skau k,ud¾.

j,ska fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk fj; hjkq ,nk w;r" bkamiqj

lgqkdhl yd u;a;, cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm,j,a fj; bkaOk jYfhka ksl=;a lrkq ,nhs' fuuÕska

wm rgg úfoaY úksuh Wmhd.kS'

Compiled & Artwork : Nishshanka S.K.T.A.(16178)/R. O�ce(W)

1890 jif¾ Lkscf;,a Ndú;h N+ñf;,a (Kerosene) úÿ,s ckl hka;% u.ska úÿ,s W;amdokh i|yd

fld<U ì%iag,a ùÈfha ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a § (Billiard Room of Bristol Hotel) uq,skau jd¾;dfõ'

fojkqj 1895 § ì%iag,a f.dvke.s,af,a (By Messrs Boustead Bros) l=vd úÿ,s n,d.drhla bÈlrk

,§' bkamiq 1902 j¾Ifha isg jdyk (Auto Mobile) Ndú;h bx.%Sis cd;slhka úiska wdrïN lsÍu;a

iu`. Lkscf;,a wdkhkh lEkaa iy ner,a u.ska wdkhkh lr fnodyeÍu isÿ ù we;'

YS% ,xldfõ Lksc f;,a jHdmdrfha uQ,slhka

fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

tAIshála fmfg%da,shï iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u'

fI,a iud.u yd fv,afïÊ fmdaihs;a iud.u

fI,a lïmeks T*a isf,daka

fudì,a ^iagekajEla&

tfida iud.u

le,afglaia iud.u

1956 § mej;s rch" ;%sl=Kdu,h Ök jrdfha bkaOk .nvd lsÍug ì%;dkHhka úiska f.dvk.d

;snQ gexls 101 lska hq;= gexls ixlS¾Kh cki;= lsÍug mshjr .kakd ,§' ta i|yd YS% ,xldfõ

rch úiska ì%;dkH rchg mjqï 250"000 l uqo,la f.jk ,§'

Bg wu;rj gexls 5 la fldf,dkakdj l,dm wxl 1 yS mej;s w;r" tajd Ndú;d lrk ,oafoa f;,a iud.ï úisks'

1957 § úfoaYSh iud.ï uÕska msßmyÿjla f.dvke.Su i|yd fhdackd bÈßm;a l<o rch th m%;sfCIam lrk ,§'

1958 § f;,a iud.u cki;= lrk f,i f;,a fiajlhka úiska jev j¾ckhla mj;ajk ,§'

bkamiq mshjfrka mshjr ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dfõ wNsjDoaêh mk; i|yka f,i jd¾;d ù we;'

1962 wfm%a,a 26 osk ,xldj ;=< Lksc f;,a wf,úh i|yd ;r`.ldÍj iyNd.s ùug fnÿïm,j,a mjrd .ekSfï ;SrKh l%shd;aul lsÍu'

1962 ud¾;= 14 Èk ˜ whsfkdfjda ˜ keu;s kefjka ksIamdÈ; Lksc f;,a" reishdfõ isg fld<U jrdhg f.k tau'

1962 wfm%a,a 28 fldf<dkakdfõ isg gexlsr: yd ÿïßh u.ska f;,a fnodyeÍu wdrïN lsÍu'

1964 wfm%a,a 01 Ök jrdh f;,a hka;%ia:dkh ixia:djg mjrd .ekSu'

Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj ìysù jir jir 2 lg miq 1963 wxl 5 orK mk; uÕska msßmyÿlrKhg iy .fõIKhg wjir ,enqKq w;r" tuÕska 25] la muK úfoaY úksuh b;sß lr.; yels njg ikd: úh'

Lksc f;,a msßmyÿ ilH;d wOHkh i|yd m%xYfha "Francais due Petrol" wdh;kh m;alrk ,§'

1963 mkf;a wxl 5 orK ixfYdaOkh uÕska msßmyÿlrKh iy .fõIKh i|yd wêldÍ;a-jh ,enqKs'

m%xYfha "Francais" wdh;kh úiska Èklg ner,a 38"000 l msßmyÿ Odß;djhlska hqla; msßmyÿjla ;ekSug ks¾foaY lrk ,§'

1967 § "Snam Proggetti", "Italy" we;=¨ ;j;a iud.ï 2 la úiska fgkav¾ bÈßm;a lrk ,§' "Snam Proggetti" wdh;kh fgkavrh i|yd f;drd.kakd ,§'

1967 uehs ui 07 jk Èk msßmyÿjg uq,a., ;nk ,§'

1968 j¾Ifha 4jk ld¾;=fõ§ 50 fofkl=f.ka hqla; ;dCIKsl iylrejka lKavdhula meñKshy'

1969 uehs 15 jk od "Verisella" kï fk!ld-fjys fndrf;,a f.kajd msßmyÿ gexls wx.khg fmdïm lrk ,§'

1969 uehs 25 jk od msßmyÿfõ úÿ,s n,d.drh l%shdlrjqï wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 5 jk Èk msßmyÿ fndrf;,a ixirKh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 6 jk Èk W÷ka iy oe,a, o,ajk ,§'

1969 wf.daia;= 07 Èk msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a wdijk l=¨kg fndrf;,a fhduqfldg ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN lrk ,§'

1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 1 jk Èk jk úg msßmyÿfõ ish¨ ksIamdok tallhkaf.a ia:djrNdjh ;yjqre lrk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ks, iudrïNh 1969 Tlaf;daïn¾ 12 jk Èk mj;ajk ,§'

msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wdrïN l< úfoaYSh ;dCIKsl iyldr lKavdhu úiska 1972 ckjdß 09 jk Èk Y%S ,xlsl l<ukdldÍ;ajhla fj; msßmyÿj Ndr lrk ,§'

úfoaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fykaß f,ó - msßmyÿ l,ukdldrW.H. fudiag¾Ü - fcHIaG ld¾ñl bxcsfkareR.N.n¾iaud - fufyhqï l<ukdldrL. jekav¾iaÆÜ - úÿ,s bxcsfkareJ.H. we,an¾Üia - mqyqKqlsrSï lsrSï yd ixj¾Ok m%OdksN. iafgd*afldm¾ - bxcsfkare mrSlaIlG. Ylauka - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,OdrsA.M. cka.a,Eka.¾ - mqyqKqlsrSï ks,Odrs

Lksc f;,a ''''''''''

f,dalfha n, Yla;s wjYH;dj imqrk m%Odk n, Yla;s m%Njhls th wo jk úg f,dalfha iudc

wd¾Ól fukau foaYmd,k lafIa;%hkag mjd iDcqj n,mEï lrkakg iu;a idOlhlaj mj;S'

fudkjo fï Lkscf;,a Lkscf;,a hkq fmdis, bkaOkhls'

fmdis, bkaOk hkq óg jir ñ,shk ;=kaishlg muK fmr hq.fha mDÓúfha úiQ Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx. (plankton) j,ska fmdis, bkaOk ;ekS we;' ñh.sh Ydl iy i;a;aj fldgia id.r m;=f,a ;ekam;aùfuka miq

ksrka;r f;rmSug" WIaK;ajhg iy nelaàßhd ÔrK l%shdj,shkg ,lafõ' fuu Ôù øjH ld,h;a

iu`. mdIdK ia:rhkaf.ka jeiS hhs' fï whqßka È.= ld,hla mqrd fuu Ydl iy i;a;aj ma,jdx.

fN!;sl iy ridhksl l%shdoduhlg ,laùfuka fmdis, bkaOk ks¾udKh fõ' fuh Ôj ridhksl

l%shdj,shls (Bio Chemical Reaction).

wjidÈ; mdIdK ia:r iys; iqúfYaIs m%foaYhkays fndrf;,a ksOka.;j we;' Lkscf;,a yereKq úg

.,a w`.=re iy iajNdúl jdhqjo fmdis, bkaOk j,g wh;a fõ' fndrf;,a j, mj;sk m%Odk

uQ,øjH folls' tkï yhsv%cka yd ldnkah' fï ksid yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khla fndrf;,a kñka

ye`oskafõ' we,aflak" we,alSk" we,alhsk iy wefrdaueál wdoS yhsfv%dldnkj, ñY%Khls'

fmdis, bkaOk j¾.SlrKh úúO fN!;sl iy ridhksl fya;+ka u; ;=ka wdldrhlg fmdis, bkaOk ;ekam;aùu isÿfõ'

1' >K - .,a w`.=re COAL

2' øj - fndr f;,a CRUDE OIL

3' jdhq - Lksc jdhqka NATURAL GAS

Lksc f;,a Ndú;hg .efkk wjia:d n,Yla;s m%Njhla f,i wuqøjHhla f,i

fudag¾ r: niar: wdÈfha bkaOkhla f,i iqj| ú,jqka yd wdf,amk i|yd

l¾udka; Yd,dj, bkaðka l%shdlrùu i|yd T!IO i|yd

.=jka hdkd iy keõ bkaOkhla f,i ma,diaála ksmoùug

úÿ,sn, W;amdokh i|yd f;,a ,sysis f;,a ksmoùug

t,a mS jdhqj ^.Dyia: mßfNdackh i`oyd& úúO ridhksl øjH ksIamdokh i|yd

fndrf;,a j, ixhq;sh m%;sY;h (wt%) ldnka 85 - 86

yhsv%cka 11 - 14

i,a*¾ 0'06 - 1'75

khsg%cka iq`: m%udKhla

Tlaiscka iq`: m%udKhla

,jk (Nacl2 Mgcl2) wxY= ud;%hla

hlv (Fe, Ni, v, cu ) wxY= ud;%hla

uKaä

c,h

ãi,a ksmoùu msßmyÿfõ ãi,a j¾. 3 la ksmoúh yel'

i. iqÿ ãi,a (Auto Diesel) ii. l¿ ãi,a (Heavy Diesel) iii. keõ ãi,a (Marine Diesel)

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd ãi,a fyj;a .Eia f;,a (Gas oil) yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAll folla iudka;rj Ndú;d lrñka f.kao.ï m%udKh kshñ; uÜgu olajd bj;a lrkq

,nhs' bkamiq fuu ãi,a fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk u.ska

fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

oeúf;,a (Fuel Oil) yd ;dr (Bituman) ksmoùu'

fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau msg;g .kakd l¿ meye;s Wl= Èhrhla jk È.= fYaIh (Long Residue) i|yd fj<|fmdf,ys fyd| b,a¨ula ke;' tneúka" m<uqfjkau fuu È.= fYaIfhka

fldgila úiaíf¾l¾ tAllh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<ska hjd ;dmh wdOdrfhka isÿjk l%shdj,shla

uÕska tys Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;dj wvqlr .kq ,nhs' úiaíf¾l¾ tallh (Visbreaker Unit) ;=<

isÿjk l%shdj,sh uÕska my; i|yka ksIamdok fjkalr .kq ,efí'

i. úLKaä; fYaIh (Cracked Residue) ii. úLKaä; kema;d (Cracked Naphtha)iii. úLKaä; .Eiaf;,a (Cracked Gasoil)

úLKaä; fYaIhg wjYH m%udKhg úLKaä; .Eia f;,a uqiq lsÍfuka oeúf;,a j¾. lsysmhla ksmojkq ,efí fïjdfha tAll oelafjkafka frä jqâ ;;amrj,sks' fuu oeúf;,a Ys% ,xldfõ úÿ,s W;amdokh keõj, bkaOk jYfhka yd l¾udka; Yd,d bkaOkhla f,i Ndú;d fõ' w;sßla; oeúf;,a wmkhkh lrkq ,efí'

fuys§ iEfok úLKaä; kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾ (Hydro Treater) tAllh fj; fmg%,a ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i|yd fhduqlrkq ,nhs'

ßla; wdijk tallh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) fndrf;,a wdijk l=¿fKa hákau ,nd .kakd È.= fYaIfhka fldgila" ßla; wdijk tAllh (Vacuum Distillation Unit) ;=<ska hjd tu fYaIfha ieye,a¨ yhsfv%dldnk ;jÿrg;a fjka lr.ekSfï m%;sM,hla f,i È.= fYaIfha Wl=.;sh fyj;a ÿiai%dú;djh jeäú >k fYaIh (Short Residue) keue;s ixfhda.h ksmojd .ks' ksmojd.;a >k fYaIh" ;dr tllh (Bitumen Blowing Unit) yryd heùfuka jd;h iuÕ m%;sl%shdlr ;dr (Bitumen) ksmojd .kq ,efí' kuq;a fïjkúg msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok l%shdj,sh i`oyd Ndú;djk u¾nka keue;s fndrf;,a j¾.fha os.= fYaIfhka ;dr (Bitumen) ksmoúh fkdyels neúka ;dr ksIamdokh i`oyd wdkhkh l, os.= fYaIh Ndú;d lrhs'

ßla; wdijk tallfha§ bj;alr.kakd yhsfv%dldnk ksIamdok folla f,i my; wdldrhg fjkalr .kS'

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Light Vacuum Oil) nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a (Heavy Vaccum Gas Oil)

ieye,a¨ ßla; .Eiaf;,a iqÿ ãi,a ksmoùug fhdod.kakd w;r" nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a msßmyÿfõ

ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§ Wÿkaj, bkaOkhla jYfhka Ndú;d fõ' nr ßla; .Eiaf;,a oeúf;,a iuÕ

uqiq lsÍug o fhdod .kS'

msßmyÿfõ mshjr igyka

ilH;d wOHhkh = 1963Odß;dj = 38,000 bbl/dia:dkh = imq.ialkao ^wlalr 165&

fgkav¾ le|ùu = 1966fgkavrfha jákdlu = re' ñ,shk 180

uq,a., ;eîu = 1967 uehs 09 Èk

bÈlsÍïlre = Snam Progetti ( Italy) WmfoaYl;ajh = U. O. P. (U.S.A)újD; lsÍu = 1969.10.12j¾;udk Odß;dj = 51,000bbl/d 7.080 t (max)

f;,aa msßmyÿjl ksIamdok l%shdj,sh mshjr 3 lska isÿfõ'

1' wdijkh (Distillation) fuysÈ fndrf;,a kue;s yhsfv%dldnka ñY%Kfhka úúO WIaK;aj mrdihka j, >kSNjkh

jk (Condense) ksIamdok wjYH mßÈ fjkalr .ekSu isÿfõ'

2' msßisÿ lsÍu (Purification) fndrf;,a j, we;s ,jk j¾. ldnksl i,a*¾(S), khsg%cka(N), Tlaiscka(O) iy f,day(M) j¾. bj;a fldg msßisÿ lsÍfï ls%hdj,shhs' fuu.ska mßir ¥IKh yd Ndú; hka;%iQ;%j,

úLdokh wju ;;a;ajhl mj;ajd .kS'

3' mßj¾;kh (Conversion) yhsfv%dldnk j, ixhq;sh wjYH mßÈ ridhksl l%shdj,shla u.ska fjkia flf¾' fuu.ska

we,aflak" we,alSk jeks yhsfv%dldnk j, mrudKql jHqyhka fjkia fldg wefrdueál jeks

yhsfv%dldnksl j,g mßj¾;kh lsÍfï l%shdj,sh yryd fmg%,a bkaOkfha TlafÜka wxlh

95 g fyda 92 g by< kexùu yd os.=odu iys; yhsfv%dldnk fláodu iys; ixfhda.j,g

mßj¾:kh lsÍu WodyrKhla f,i oelaúh yel'

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha cd;Hka;r iïu;hka

Lksc f;,a l¾udka;fha§ f,dju ms<s.;a iïu;hka rdYshla ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha§" ksIamdok fj<|

fmd<g iemhSfï §" kv;a;= lghq;= lsÍfï§" .Kkh lsÍfï§" mßirh" .sks m%fõiï iy fiajl

fi!LH wd§ jYfhka ia:dms; ù we;' tu iïu;hka mj;ajd f.k hk m%Odk wdh;k my; i|yka

fõ'

1. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) in the United States 2. ISO (international Organization for Standardization) which is at the international level 3. IP (Institute of petroleum) in the United Kingdom 4. API (American petroleum Institute) in the United States 5. OSHAS (Occupational Health and Safety Administration –USA) mßirh yd fiajl fi!LH iy wdrlaIdj i|yd

6. NFTA (National Fire Provencal Authority) - .sks wdYs%; iïu;hka i|yd

7. DOT (Department of Transportation) - ksIamdok" .nvd lsÍu yd m%jdykh i|yd

8. ANSI (American National Standard Institute)- iuia: kS;s yd fr.=,dis

.sksis¿ moaO;sh (Flare System)wjOdkïldÍ ksIamdok l%shdj,shla isÿlrk msßmyÿjl .sksis¿j (Flare System) úfYaIs;u" w;HdjYHu wdrlaIs; Wmdx.hhs' hka;%d.drfha úúO tAll ;=<ska ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ jdhqka" bkaOk jdhqka jYfhka msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha m%fõiï jE,aj" nÿka wdÈfhka ksoyiajk jdhqkao mSvkh wvq ieye,a¨ jdhQkao iy yosis wjia:djloS (In Emergency Situation) jdhq f.da,hg tlt,af,a lsis`ÿ yhsfv%dldnkhla fyda tA wdY%s; ksIamdokhla mßirhg uqodyeßh fkdyel' tfia uqodyeÍfuka mßir ¥IKh jk neúka" tu jdhqka b;d Wi wg,a,l§ oykhfldg uqodyÍ'

msßmyÿ l%shdj,sh i`oyd wjYH Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities)

msßmyÿ hka;%d.drfha iuia: ksIamdok l%shdj,shg wjYH úÿ,sn,h" yqud,h" isis,k c,h" fiajd c,h" fndhsf,are i`oyd wjYH ,jK iy wmøjH rys; c,h" iïmSä; jdhQka" bkaOk jdhQ" oeúf;,a wdosh l%uj;aj iemhSu i`oyd ia:dms; moaO;Ska rdYshla yryd imhkq ,nkafka Wmfhda.S n, (Uitilities) wxYh u.sks'

bkaOk ksIamdok fldf,dkakdj ksudj iy imq.ialkao f;la fmdïmlsÍu yd fnodyeÍu'

msßmyÿfõ ksmojk bkaOk ksIamdok j,ska fl,skau msßmyÿfjka fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrkq

,nkafka ^wf,úlrkafka& ;dr (Bitumen), t,a'mS' jdhqj yd oeúf;,a muKs' ;dr njqi¾ j,g f;d. jYfhka wf,ú lrkq ,efí' óg wu;rj msßmyÿfõ ksmojk øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj (LP Gas) .Eia iud.ï fj<|fmd,g ksl=;a lrhs'

imq.ialkao msßmyÿfõ Lksc f;,a ksIamdok flf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dkh olajd fmdïm lsÍu msKsi 6”, 8” yd 12” úYalïN j,ska hqla; k, 3 lska msßmyÿj yd fldf,dkakdj ksudj iïnkaO lr we;'

fldf,dkakdj m%Odk fnodyeÍï uOHia:dkh uÕska njqi¾" ÿïßh" l=vd keõ" fm!oa.,sl bkaOk jdyk wdÈh uÕska Lksc f;,a ksIamdok Y%S ,xldj mqrd fnodyßkq ,efí'

2000 j¾Ifha újD;l< imq.ialkao m¾hka;fha fmg%,a" N+ñf;,a" ãi,a" oeúf;,a iy .=jkahdkd bkaOk (Jet A1) wdoS ksIamdok 5 la fnodyßkq ,nhs'

imq.ialkao m¾hka;h

msßmyÿjg wkqnoaO imq.ialkao m¾hka;h ,xldfõ m<fjks iajhxl%Sh md,k fnodyeÍï moaO;shla iys; fnodyeÍï m¾hka;h jk w;r" th bkaOk .nvdlsÍfï gexls 12 iys; ksIamdok myla fnodyeÍfï myiqlï we;s msßmyÿj iu. k< ud¾. 04lska iïnkaëlrKh ù we;s msßmyÿfjka md,khjk fnodyeÍfï m¾hka;hhs'

fkú,A ùrfialr uy;d iu. 20 fofkl=f.ka hq;a l<ukdldr wNHdi,dNS lKavdhula msßmyÿfõ l<ukdldÍ;ajh i`oyd 1967 oS n`ojd .;a w;r" 1972 oS úfoaYSh md,kdêldßfhka ish¨ j.lSï Tjqka fj; mjrd we;'

foaYSh l<ukdldÍ;ajh

fkú,a ùrfialr D.M.E.S. nq,;aisxy, S. ùrj¾Ok S. isjfkaika D.S. chúl%u D. pkaøfialr S. isjiqkaorï T.M. m%kdkaÿ T.C. nlauka T.A.S. fm%auisß M.F.F. Tud¾ M. fm;shdf.dv W.A. isßfiak C. ùr;=x. M. .,mam;a;sf.a S. órd iySí G.D. óuevqu S. úl%uisxy D.N.G. mska.uf.a S.M.G. iurfldaka

tod mgka wo jk ;=re foaYSh jD;a;slhkaf.ka ieÿï ,;a l<uKdldÍ;ajhla hgf;a mqyqKq ld¾ñl

Ys,amSkaf.a Y%u odhl;ajfhka iy wfkl=;a ld¾hxY m%OdkSkaf.a oeä lemùfuka 1969 wf.daia;= 07

oe,ajQ .sksis¨j fkdksud nen<ùu › ,dxlsl ;dlaIKsl mqk¾Ôjh mK .ekajQ n, .ekajQ b;sydih

fufia igyka ;eìh hq;=h' 1979 - msßmÿfõ ksIamdok Odß;djh ner,a 51"000 olajd mq¨,a lsÍu'

1981 - .=jkahdkd bkaOk ksIamdokh i`oyd ksIamdok úhou wju jQ fufrdlaia m%;sldrl tAllh

ia:dms; lsÍu'

1983 - n,Yla;s wrmsßueiau i`oyd msßmyÿfõ m%Odk fndrf;,a W`ÿk oyk jdhq WKqiqïlrKhla

iu. kùlrKh lsÍu'

1986 - Tref.dvj;a; fndrf;,a .nvdlsÍfï gexls wx.kfha iy jrdfha isg ls'ó' 08la wE;ska msysá

fndahdfjys (SPBM) jevlghq;= wjika fldg úYd, fk!ld Ndú;fldg fndrf;,a wdkhkh

wdrïN lsÍu'

1992 - úúO fndrf;,a j¾. msßmeyeoSu i`oyd msßmyÿfõ fndrf;,a wdijk tAllh kùlrKh

lsÍu (Tapies Crude).1999 - fmg%,a oykfhka mßirhg jk ydksh wju lsÍu i`oyd TEL keue;s W;afmarl kj;d

m%ñ;s.; fmg%,a fjf<`ofmd,g iemhSug wjYH mßos ksIamdok tAllh kùlrKh lsÍu'

2000 - msßmyÿfõ úÿ,sn, iemhqfuys ia:djr;ajh i`oyd ãi,a úÿ,sckk hka;% folla ia:dms; lsÍu'

2003 - cd;Hka;r m%ñ;s.; ãi,a fjf<`om,g ksl=;alsÍu i`oyd ksIamdok tAll folla kùlrKh

lsÍu'

2013 - yhsfv%dàg¾ tAllh i`oyd wjYH yhsv%cka jdhq tAllhla iúlsÍu'

2015 - Wmfhda.Sn, wxYhg jdhqiïmSvl WmlrK folla iúlsÍu'

2017 - úÿ,sn, ksIamdokh ia:djr lsÍu i`oyd fu'fgdka 27l Odß;djh we;s wêmSvk yqud,ckl

hka;%hla ia:dmkh lsÍu'

keõ u.ska fndrf;,a ,nd.ekSu" msßmyÿj iy ksñ ksIamdok

fmfg%da,shï ksIamdok

m%Odk jYfhka msßmyÿfõ ksIamdok 10 la" ksIamdokh lrk w;r thska ksIamdok 09 la bkaOk jk w;r ìgquka bkaOkhla fkdfõ'

t,a'mS' jdhqj Tfgda ãi,a ridhksl kema;d iqmsß ãi,a fmg%,a oeú f;,a N+ñf;,a ;dr .=jkahdkd bkaOk tia' î' mS'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallh (Crude Distillation Unit – 01)

fndrf;,a msßmeye£fï l%shdj,sh wLKav l%shdj,shls wjqreÿ 3 l ld,hla wLKavj fuu l%shdj,sh

isÿlsÍu i|yd hka;%d.drh ie,iqï fldg we;' fuu ld,h wjidkfha kv;a;= yd m%;sixialrKh

lghq;= i|yd i;s 05 l muK ld,hlg hka;%d.drh jikq ,efí'

fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) /ila yryd hjd fmr r;alsÍfï l%shdj,shlg

(Pre-Heating) Ndckhlr" c,h iuÕ ñY% fldg ,jK bj;alsÍu msKsi úYd, nÿka follg (Desalted) hjkq ,efí'

fuys§ fndrf;,aj, wvx.= c,h fjkajk w;r" tA iuÕ fidaähï laf,darhsâ (NaCl), ue.aksishï

laf,darhsâ (MgCl2), le,aishï laf,darhsâ (CaCl

2) jeks ,jK o bj;a fõ' fufia fndrf;,a ,jK yd

c,h bj;a lrkq ,nkafka fuu ,jK j,ska iEfok wñ, uÕska fndrf;,a fhduq lrkq ,nk l=¿Kq"

Wÿka n÷ka" k, ud¾. wdÈfha u, ne£u we;s lrkq ,nk neúks'

,jK yd c,h bj;al, fndrf;,a ;dm yqjudre hka;% (Heat Exchangers) yd úYd, W÷ka 2 la (Furnaces) uÕska 3650C l muK WIaK;ajhlg r;afldg wä 90la muK Wi fhdaO l=¿Kla

(tkï"C-1 l=¿K) fj; fhduqlrkq ,efí'

C-1 l=¿K ;=, isÿjk Nd.sl wdijk l%shdj,sh (Fractional Distillation) uÕska fndrf;,a my;

m%Odk fldgia 4 g fjka lrkq ,efí'

kema;d N+ñf;,a ãi,a È.= fYaIh ^óg wu;r iq¨ jYfhka 1] la muK ieye,a¨ jdhqka fjka lr.kq ,efí'&

kema;d j,ska fmg%,a ,nd .ekSu'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfha l=¿fka by<skau ,nd .kakd kema;d myiqfjka jdIam jk mdgla fkdue;s

øjhls' fuu øjfha wvx.+ f.kao.ï jeks wmøjH bj;alsÍu i|yd kema;d by< WIAK;ajh yd

mSvkh hgf;a W;afm%arl udOHfha yhsv%cka iu. m%;sl%shdjk kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating) kï l%shdj,sh isÿlrhs' kema;d yhsfv%dà%áka ^Hydro Treating& l%shdj,sfha ,efnk ner kema;d

fldgi oyk .=Kdx.hla jk TlafÜka wxlh ^Octane Number& fjkialsÍu i`oyd W;afm%arl udOH

;=< ma,eÜf*dañka kï l%shdj,sh isÿlr fmg%,a ksmojhs'

LP .Eia fyj;a øj Lksc f;,a jdhqj

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka iy ma,eÜf*dau¾ tallfhka fjkalr .kq ,nhs' jdhquh fldgia

ämafrdmkhsi¾ (Deporopanizer) tAllh ;=<ska hjd fm%dfmaka jdhqj jeks ieye,a¨ jdhqka bj;alr

.kq ,efí' bkamiq fuu jdhq ñY%Kh t,a'mS'Ô' fufrdlaia (LPG Merox) tallh ;+<ska hjd tys we;s

f.kao.ï bj;alr t,a'mS' jdhqj ksmojhs'

ridhksl kema;d iy úfYaI ;dmdxl wdfrdayK iamS;=(Chemical Naphtha and Special Boiling Point Solvent)

kema;d yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tallfha ,efnk w;sßla; kema;d" ridhksl kema;d f,i

n,d.drj,g wf,úlsÍu fyda wmkhkh lrkq ,efí' tfukau yhsfv%dà%g¾^Hydro Treater& tAllfh-

ka ,nd .kakd ieye,a¨ kema;d j,ska fldgila tia'î'mS tAllh (S.B.P Unit) ;=<ska hjd l¾udka;

Yd,dj, ødjlhla (Solvent) jYfhka Ndú;d lrk úfYaI ;dmdxlh wdfrdayK iam%s;= l,ska l,g

ksmojkq ,efí' fïjd ;sk¾ (Thinner) j, ødjlh jYfhka Ndú;d fõ'

,dïmq f;,a yd .=jkahdkd mxld f;,a ksmoùu (Jet-A1) N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh - 15

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a j, fj<|fmd,g ta wdldrhg ksl=;al< yels

.=Kdx. mj;sk neúka" ;jÿrg;a msßisÿ fkdfldg N+ñf;,a ^,dïmqf;,a& jYfhka fnodyeÍu i|yd

fldf,dkakdj ksudj fj; hjhs'

fndrf;,a wdijk tallfhka ,nd .kakd N+ñf;,a úúO ;;ajhka md,kh lsÍfuka tkï" kshñ; ysudxlh (Freezing Point) mrdih mj;ajd .ekSfuka miqj tajd N+ñf;,a fufrdlaia tallh (Kerosine Merox Unit) yryd hjkq ,efí' fuys§ N+ñf;,a j, u¾lemagka f,i l%shdldßj mj;akd f.kao.ï"

wvq l%shdldß vhsi,amhsv ixfhda.hla njg W;afm%arl Ndú;fhka yrjhs' fïjd uq,skau k,ud¾.

j,ska fldf,dkakdj iy imq.ialkao m%Odk fnodyeÍfï uOHia:dk fj; hjkq ,nk w;r" bkamiqj

lgqkdhl yd u;a;, cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm,j,a fj; bkaOk jYfhka ksl=;a lrkq ,nhs' fuuÕska

wm rgg úfoaY úksuh Wmhd.kS'

fï jk úg b;d jeo.;a ksIamdok WmlrK m%;sia:dmkh lsÍu ;dlaIKh ÈhqKq lsÍu iy

Odß;djh ner,a 70"000 lg jeä lsÍu wd§ wruqKq we;=,;a fvd,¾ ñ,shk 150l jHdmD;shla

wdrïN lr we;s w;r" th 2023 È wjika lsÍug kshñ;h'

imq.ialkao Lkscf;,a msßmyÿjg jir 50la msÍu ksñ;sfldgf.kimq.ialkao msßmyÿj u.ska uqøKh lr 2019'08'07 osk fnodyßk ,oS'

Compiled & Artwork : Nishshanka S.K.Talagala Arachchi(16178)/R. O�ce(W)