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8/17/2019 Makalah Kanker Darah
1/41
Menegakkan diagnosis kanker darah
Perkembangan sel darah sampai menyebabkan kanker
Ciri2
Penyebab kanker darah (factor resiko)
Jenis-jenis
Pencegahan
Pengobatan
Merancang makanan pada pasien kanker ko
DA!A" #$#
SAMPUL ................................................................................................................KATA PENGANTAR..............................................................................................
DAFTAR ISI.............................................................................................................
BAB I PENDAHULUAN...............................................................................
A. LATAR BELAKANG.....................................................................
B. KOMPONEN SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH....................................
I. DARAH.............................................................................................
II. PEMBULUH DARAH.....................................................................
III. JANTUNG.........................................................................................
C. PEREDARAN DARAH MANUSIA.............................................. .........
D. KELAINAN DAN GANGGUAN PADA SISTEM PEREDARAN
DARAHE. TEKNOLOGI PADA SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH.......................
BAB II PEMBAHASAN..........................................................................................
A. PENGERTIAN LEUKIMIA (KANKER DARAH)................................
B. TANDA-TANDA PENYAKIT LEUKIMIA (KANKER DARAH)
C. PENYEBAB LEUKIMIA (KANKER DARAH)....................................
D. KOMPLIKASI YANG TERLIBAT DALAM LEUKIMIA KRONIK
E. PENCEGAHAN LEUKIMIA..................................................................
F. PENGOBATAN LEUKIMIA...................................................................
BAB III PENUTUP..................................................................................................
A. KESIMPULAN.........................................................................................
B. SARAN......................................................................................................
DAFTAR PUSTAKA...............................................................................................
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%A% #
P&'DA*A'
A+ *A!A" %&*A,A'
Dalam hi!"#$a% &'a#im* m*m*'l!+a# ma+a#a# a# &+i*# !#,!+
m*la#!#+a# m*,a&lim*. P'&* m*,a&lim*% *lai# m*#hail+a# a,-a,
$a# *'!#a /!a m*#hail+a# am"ah (a, ia) $a# ha'! i+*l!a'+a# a'i
,!!h. Baha#-aha# $a# i"*'l!+a# ,!!h *"*',i ma+a#a#%&+i*#% hail
m*,a&lim* a# ia#$a ia#+!, a# i*a'+a# ialama ,!!h m*lal!i i,*m
"*'*a'a# a'ah. Hail "*#0*'#aa# ma+a#a# a# &+i*# ia#+!, a# i*a'+a#
&l*h a'ah +**l!'!h /a'i#a# ,!!h% *m*#,a'a ia-ia m*,a&lim* ia#+!,
&l*h a'ah a'i *l!'!h /a'i#a# ,!!h m*#!/! &'a#-&'a# "*m!a#a#.
%+ ,.MP.'&' $#$!&M P&"&DA"A' DA"A#+ DA"A
P*#*',ia# a'ah
Da'ah aalah /a'i#a# ,*'"*ialiai $a# m*#0a+!" 0ai'a# +*+!#i#a# a,a!
"lama a'ah $a# ialam #$a ,*'+a#!# *l-*l a'ah. S*l-*l a'ah ,*'i'i a'i
*l a'ah m*'ah ( *'i,'&i, )% *l a'ah "!,ih (l*!+&i, ) a# +*"i# a'ah
( ,'&m&i, ).
K&m"&ii "lama alam a'ah *+i,a' 11 2% *a#+a# *l-*l a'ah a#
,'&m&i, *+i,a' 31 2 l.
S*l a# +*"i# a'ah l*ih *'a, ia#i#+a# "lama *hi#a a"a, i "iah+a#
m*lal!i "'&*!' $a# i *!, *#,'i4!ai. ( Ma'i* 56637 S&l&m*, al.5661 ).
F!#i a'ah 8
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9. M*#a#+!, &+i*# +* /a'i#a# i *l!'!h ,!!h
5. M*#a#+!, a'i-a'i ma+a#a# +**l!'!h ,!!h
:. M*#a#+!, ia-ia m*,a&lim*% *"*',i +a' i&+ia% !'*a%a# aam
la+,a, +*ala, *++'*i.
9. M*#*a'+a# h&'m a'i +*l*#/a' h&'m +*,*m"a, $a#
m*m!,!h+a#.
5. M*#a,!' "H ,!!h% m*#a,!' !h! ,!!h% m*la;a# ii, "*#$a+i,
*',a m*la+!+a# m*+a#im* "*m*+!a# a'ah.
a. Plasma darah
Paa ma#!ia% "lama a'ah m*#a#!# *+i,a'
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b. Sel-sel darah
S*l-*l a'ah aalah *l-*l $a# hi!". S*l-*l a'ah ,ia+ ,*'*lah% m*lai#+a#
la#!# i a#,i &l*h *l-*l a'! a'i !m-!m ,!la# *la+a#.
Ada tiga macam sel-sel darah yaitu :
1. Eritrosit ( Sel darah merah )
> E'i,'&i, *'*#,!+ "i"ih *#a# a'i ,*#ah ?%10m% *'i,'&i, 0*+!# iaia#
,*#ah#$a ( i++a4 ) a# ,ia+ *'i#,i. ( I,ama' $am!'i%++.566@ ).
> a'#a *'i,'&i, ,*'a#,!# "aa h*m&l&i#. H*m&l&i# *'4!#i m*#i+a,
&+i*# ( O5 )% /i+a h*m&l&i# m*#i+a, O5% ma+a *'i,'&i, a+a# *';a'#a
m*'ah% /i+a O5 ,*lah i l*"a+a# ma+a ;a'#a#$a m*#/ai m*'ah +*i'!a#.
> P'&* P*m*#,!+a# *'i,'&i, i *!, *'i,'&"&i*i.
> S*l $a# a"a, m*m*#,!+ *'i,'&i, aalah h*m&i,&la ( *l a,a# mi*l&i )
$a# mam"! *'+*ma# m*#/ai *'aai *l a'a. Dalam +*aaa# #&'mal%
*'i,'&i, *',aha# *lama 'a,a-'a,a 956 ha'i. Saa, *l m*#!a% m*m'a# *l 'a"!h
a# "*0ah. E'i,'&i, ,!a im!#ah+a# i&'a# lim"a ( li*# ) a# ha,i.
> J!mlah E'i,'&i, *'a'iai% ,*'a#,!# /*#i +*lami#% !ia a# +*,i#ia# ,*m"a,
,i#al **&'a#. K*#,'ai *'i,'&i, "aa la+i-la+i #&'mal aalah 8 1%9-1%= /!,a
"*'milili,*' +!i+ a'ah% a# "aa ;a#i,a #&'mal 3%:-1%5 /!,a "*'milili*,*' +!i+
a'ah.
2+ Leukosit ( sel darah Putih)
- T*'a"a, *#am /*#i l*!+&i, alam a'ah $ai,! #*!,'&4il% *&i#&4il% a&4il m&i,%
lim4&i, a# *l "lama. N*&,'&4il% *&i#&4il% a# a&4il m*mili+i 'a#!la-'a#!la
*hi#a *'i# i*!, 'a#!l&i,. S*a#+a# lim4&i, a# m&i, i *!,
a'a#!lai, ( ,ia+ *''a#!la ).
- Baha#-aha# $a# i "*'l!+a# !#,!+ m*m*#,!+ l*!+&i, aalah !i,ami# a#
aam ami#& *"*',i hal #$a *l-*l lai##$a.
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- O'a# *;aa m*mili+i *+i,a' 3.=66-96.=66 l*!+&i, "*'milili,*' +!i+ a'ah%
,*'i'i a'i @52 #*!,'&4il% 5.:2 *&i#&4il% 6%3 2 a&4il% 1%: 2 m&i,% a# :6 2
lim4&i,.
- Maa hi!" l*!+&i, *'*a-*a% 'a#!l&i, *+i,a' 95 /am% m&i, !li, i#ilai
+a'*#a *lal! m*#*ma'a% ,*,a"i i!a *lama **'a"a mi#! a,a! !la#%
lim&4i, !m!m#$a *',ah!# *lama 966-:66 ha'i.
3. Trombosit ( keping-keping darah )
> T'&m&i, *'!#a !#,!+ m*#!m"al+a# a'ah% K*"i# a'ah *'*#,!+ 0a+'am
a# ,ia+ *'i#,i> Maa hi!" ,'&m&i, *+i,a' =-96 ha'i% *,*lah i,! +*"i# a'ah a+a# ia;ah
+*lim"a !#,!+ i ha#0!'+a#.
> J!mlah +*"i# a'ah aalah 916 'i! 6 366 'i! "*' mm: a'ah.
c. Mekanisme Penggumpalan arah
P*m*+!a# a'ah ,*'/ai alam ,ia ,aha" $ai,! 8
9. Ja'i#a# l!+a "a"a' +* a'ah% ,'&m&i, a+a# m*#*m"*l +* +&l&*# /a'i#a# a#
m*#*l!a'+a# a,-a, $a# m*m!a, ,'&m&i, ali# *'*+a,a# a# m*#*m"*l.
5. T'&m&i, a+a# m*m*#,!+ !ma, $a# m*m*'i "*'li#!#a# a'!'a, *hi#a
,*'/ai +*hila#a# a'ah.
:. P*m*#,!+a# *#a#-*#a# 4i'i#.
- Fa+,&' "*#!m"ala# a'ah a'i ,'&m&i, *'0am"!' *#a# 4a+,&'
"*#!m"ala# a'ah a'i "lama a'ah.- T'i# a+a# m*#+a,alii "*'!aha# #i'i#&a# m*#/ai *#a#-*#a# 4i'i#.
d. Penggolongan darah
9. Al!,i#&*# aalah a#,i*#-a#,i*# alam *'i,'&i, $a# m*m!a,
*l "*+a ,*'haa" "*#!m"ala# a'ah ( al!,i#ai ).
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5. Al!,i#i# aalah !,a#i $a# m*#$*a+a# al!,i#a#i *l
mial#$a a#,i &i. D'.+a'l la#,*i#*' *&'a# ahli im!#&l&i a#
"a,&l&i *'+*a#aa# A!,'ia ( 9=@=-9
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##+ P&M%* DA"A
Paa aa +* 9? *&'a# ahli 4ii&l&i a'i i#'i% $a#i illiam Ha'*$
( 91?= 9@1? )% a'i hail "*'0&aa##$a a# *'aai "*'0&aa# ahli lai#
i,*m!+a#lah "*m!l!h ali+ ( *#a ).
Tia "!l!h ,ah!# +*m!ia# *&'a# ahli a#a,&mi i,alia Ma'0*ll& Mal"ihi.
B*'hail m*#*m!+a# "*m!l!h a'ah +a"ill*'.
a+ Pembuluh "adi ( #rteri )
P*m!l!h #ai aalah "*m!l!h $a# m*ma;ah a'ah a'i /a#,!# a#
!m!m#$a m*#a#!# a#$a+ &+i*#. Paa aa, /a#,!# *'+,'a+i ( i,& )
a'ah a+a# +*l!a' a'i ili+ m*#!/! "*m!l!h #ai. P*m!l!h i#i ,*al% *la,i%
a# m*mili+i *!ah +!,!" ( al!la *mil!#'i ) $a# *'aa ,*'a"a, il!a'
/a#,!#.
Aa !a "*m!l!h #ai $a# il*;a,i a'ah $ai,! 8
9. P*m!l!h #ai *a' ( a&',a ).
A&',a aalah "*m!l!h $a# il*;a,i a'ah a'i ili+ +i'i /a#,!# m*#!/!
+**l!'!h ,!!h.
5. P*m!l!h #ai "a'!-"a'! ( a',*'i "almali ).
P*m!l!h #ai "a'!-"a'! aalah "*m!l!h $a# il*;a,i a'ah a'i ili+ +a#a#
m*#!/! "a'!-"a'! ( "!lm& ).
b+ Pembuluh $alik ( %ena )
P*m!l!h ali+ aalah 8 P*m!l!h $a# m*ma;a a'ah +*mali +*/a#,!#%
$a# !m!m#$a m*#a#!# +a'i&+ia. Paa aa, /a#,!# *'*la+ai
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( Dia,&l )% a'ah a'i ,!!h a# "a'!-"a'! a+a# ma!+ +* /a#,!# m*lalal!i *#a.
*#a i*l!!#i &l*h &,&, 'a#+a a# m*mili+i *!ah +a,!" $ai,! al!la
S*mil!#a'i.
P*m!l!h ali+ $a# ma!+ +* /a#,!# aalah *aai *'i+!, 8
9. *#a Kaa
*#a +aa *'0aa#-0aa# m*#/ai "*m!l! $a# l*ih +*0il $ai,! *#a. Aa
!a ma0am *#a +aa% $ai,! *#a +aa !"*'i&' a# *#a +aa i#4*'i&'.
- *#a +aa !"*'i&'
*#a i#i m*ma;a a'ah $a# m*#a#!# CO5 a'i aia# a,a ,!!h ( +*"ala%
l*h*'% +**'ami +a#a# /a#,!#.
- *#a +aa i#4*'i&'
*#a i#i m*ma;a a'ah $a# m*#a#!# CO5 a'i aia# ,!!h lai##$a a#
a#&,a aa# a;ah ,!!h +**'ami +a#a# /a#,!#.
5. *#a P!lmali
*#a i#i m*ma;a a'ah $a# m*#a#!# O5 a'i "a'!-"a'! +**'ami +i'i
/a#,!#.
###+ JA'!'+
Ja#,!# ,*'l*,a+ ialam 'a aa *',a ,*'!#+! &l*h Pa'i+a'ia. Pa'i+a'ia
,*'i'i a'i !a la"i $ai,! 8
- Lami#a "a'i*,ali ( **lah l!a' )% a#
- Lami#a i*'ali ( m*#*m"*l i i#i# /a#,!#. )
Dia#,a'a +*!a la"i ,*'*!, ,*'a"a, +a!m "a'i+a'ia $a# *'ii 0ai'a#
"i'i+a'ia.
Ja#,!# ,*'i'i a'i 3 '!a# $ai,! 8 !a *'ami ( a,'i!m ) a# !a ili+ (*#,'i+*l).
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Ja#,!# i*#,!+ ,*'!,ama &l*h ,ia /*#i &,&, /a#,!# ( mi&+a'ia ) $ai,!% &,&,
*'ami% &,&, ili+ % *',a *'a!, &,&, "*'a#a# a# "*#a#,a' +h!!.
- D*,a+ Ja#,!#
D*,a+ /a#,!# *,ia" &'a# *'*a-*a ,*'a#,!# "aa !ia% *'a, aa#% /*#i
+*lami#% +**ha,a#% a# a+,i4i,a *&'a#. Paa aa, !!+% *#$!, #ai **&'a#
?5 "*'m*#i,. T*,a"i "aa aa, *'i'i *#$!, #ai m*#0a"ai =: "*'m*#i,.
Paa a#a+-a#a+% *#$!, #ai #$a l*i 0*"a, ia#i#+a# &'a# *;aa. O'a#
,*'+*/!, *#$!, #ai#$a m*#/ai l*ih 0*"a,. ( I,ama' S$am!'i%++8566@ )
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C+ P&"&DA"A' DA"A MA'$#A+
Aa !a ma0am "*'*a'a# a'ah alam ,!!h ma#!ia $ai,! 8
9. P*'*a'a# a'ah +*0il.
Aalah "*'*a'a# a'ah iili+ +a#a# /a#,!# m*#!/! "a'!-"a'! m*l*;a,i a',*'i
"!lmali a# +*mali +* *'ami +i'i /a#,!# m*l*;a,i *#a "!lmali.
5. P*'*a'a# a'ah *a'
Aalah "*'*a'a# a'ah a'i ili+ +i'i /a#,!# +* *l!'!h ,!!h m*lal!i a&',a a#
a+hi'#$a +*mali +* *'ami +a#a# /a#,!# m*lal!i *#a +aa.
Ol*h +a'*#a "aa ma#!ia ,*'a"a, +*!a ma0am "*'*a'a# a'ah ,*'*!,% ma+a
ma#!ia i +a,a+a# m*mili+i "*'*a'a# a'ah a#a.
D+ ,&*A#'A' DA' A'A' PADA $#$!&M P&"&DA"A' DA"A+
K*lai#a# a,a! a#!a# "aa i,*m "*'*a'a# a'ah a#,a'a lai# 8
9. A#*mia ( K!'a# Da'ah ).
Di+a'*#a+a# +!'a##$a a'ah H a,a! +!'a##$a /!mlah *'i,'&i, alam a'ah.
5. a'ii%aalah "*l*a'a# "*m!l!h a'ah i *,i.
:. H*m&'&i ( Ami*# )% Aalah "*'*a'a# "*m!l!h a'ah i*+i,a' !!' (a#!).
3. A',*'i& +l*'&i% ialah "*#*'aa# "*m!l!h #ai +a'*#a ,im!#a# a,a! *#a"a#
+a"!'.
1. A,h*'&+l*'&i% ialah "*#*'aa# "*m!l!h #ai +a'*#a *#a"a# l*ma+.
@. Em&l!% ialah ,*'!ma,#$a "*m!l!h a'ah +a'*#a *#a $a# *'*'a+.
?. T'&m!% ialah ,*'!ma,#$a "*m!l!h a'ah +a'*#a *#ah $a# ,ia+ *'*'a+.
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=. H*m&4ilia% ialah +*lai#a# a'ah !+a' m*m*+! +a'*#a 4a+,&' h*'*i,a a,a!
+*,!'!#a#.
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%A% ##
P&M%AA$A'
A+ P&'&"!#A' *&,#M#A (,A',&" DA"A)
L*!+imia aalah !a,! "*#$a+i, $a# i+*#al *#a# aa#$a "'&li4*'ai
#*&"lai,i+ a'i *l-*l &'a# h*m&"&i*,i+% $a# ,*'/ai *aai a+ia, m!,ai
&ma,i+ *l a+al (,*m 0*ll) $a# a+a# m*m*#,!+ !a,! +l *l l*!+imia.
P*#$a+i, +a#+*' a'ah (l*!+imia) m*#!!+i "*'i#+a, ,*',i#i +a#+*' "aa
a#a+. Nam!#% "*#a#a#a# +a#+*' "aa a#a+ i I#*ia maih lama,. I,!lah
*a#$a l*ih a'i @62 a#a+ "*#*'i,a +a#+*' $a# i,a#a#i *0a'a m*i !ah
m*ma!+i ,ai!m la#/!,.
L*!+imia m*'!"a+a# +*a#aa# h*m&"&i*,i+ $a# m*#a+ia,+a# "'&li4*'ai
+l $a# a#&'mal a# *l a+al m*#alami ,'a#4&'mai l*!+imia% ,*'/ai
+*lai#a# "aa i4*'*#iai a# "*',!m!ha# a'i *l lim4&i a# mi*l&i.
Dia#&a l*!+imia a+!, a"a, i,*a++a# a'i "*m*'i+aa# h*ma,&l&i H%
l*!+&i,% ,!la#% $ai,! ,i"* l*!+imia a+!, *'aa'+a# +lai4i+ai FAB.
P*;a'#aa# i,&+imia a"a, m*#+i'mai aal l*!+imia a+!, a"a+ah a'i lim4&i
a,a! mi*l&i. D*#a# "*m*'i+aa# imm!#&"h*#&-,$"i# ia#&i l*!+imia a+!,
a"a, i+*,ah!i a"a+ah mi*l&i a,a! lim4&i% ah+a# LLA a"a, ii4*'*#iai
l*ih la#/!, a"a+ah a'i *l T a,a!+ah *l B. P*m*'i+aa# i,&*#i+ a+a# m*m*'i
"*,!#/!+ aa,ia+#$a a*'ai +'&m&&m.
T*lah ila+!+a# "*#*li,ia# "aa *la"a# !$*+ L*!+imia a+!,% ,*'i'i a'i *m"a,
a#a+-a#a+% *&'a# '*ma/a% !a *;aa a# *&'a# Ma#!la (,ia &'a#
"*'*m"!a# a# lima &'a# la+i-la+i). Um!' *'+ia' a#,a'a 3-=5 ,ah!#.
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LMA ,*'a"a, "aa *m"a, !$*+% a#a+ ,ia*la ,ah!# LMA-M:% !a *;aa
LMA-M5 a# *&'a# Ma#!la LMA-M5. LLA *l T "aa !a !$*+% *&'a#
a#a+ a# *&'a# *;aa. LLA *l B "aa !a !$*+% *&'a# a#a+ a# *&'a#
*;aa. LLA *l T i,a#ai aa#$a CD:% CD1% a# CD?7 LLA *l B i,a#ai
aa#$a CD96% CD 9
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%+ !A'DA-!A'DA P&'/A,#! *&,#M#A (,A',&" DA"A)
Ta#a-,a#a "*#$a+i, l*!+*mia (+a#+*' a'ah) a"a, iama'+a# *aai
*'i+!,8
9. A#*mia. P*#*'i,a a+a# m*#am"a++a# 0*"a, l*lah% "!0a, a# *'#a4a 0*"a, (*l
a'ah m*'ah ia;ah #&'mal m*#$*a+a# &$*# alam ,!!h +!'a#%
a+ia,#$a "*#*'i,a *'#a4a 0*"a, *aai +&m"*#ai "*m*#!ha# +*+!'a#a#
&$*# alam ,!!h).
5. P*'a'aha#. K*,i+a Pla,*l*, (*l "*m*+! a'ah) ,ia+ ,*'"'&!+i *#a# ;a/a'
+a'*#a i&mi#ai &l*h *l a'ah "!,ih% ma+a "*#*'i,a a+a# m*#alami
"*'a'aha# i/a'i#a# +!li, (a#$a+#$a /*#,i+ m*'ah l*a'+*0il i/a'i#a# +!li,).
:. T*'*'a# I#4*+i. S*l a'ah "!,ih *'"*'a# *aai "*li#!# a$a ,aha# ,!!h%
,*'!,ama m*la;a# "*#$a+i, i#4*+i. Paa P*#*'i,a L*!+*mia% *l a'ah "!,ih
$a# i,*'*#,!+ aalah ,ia+ #&'mal (a#&'mal) *hi#a ,ia+ *'4!#i
*m*,i#$a. A+ia,#$a ,!!h i "*#*'i,a '*#,a# ,*'+*#a i#4*+i i'!a+,*'i%
ah+a# *#a# *#i'i#$a a+a# m*#am"a++a# +*l!ha# aa#$a *mam% +*l!a'
0ai'a# "!,ih a'i hi!# (m*l*') a# a,!+.
3. N$*'i T!la# a# P*'*#ia#. Hal i#i i*a+a# *aai a+ia, a'i !m!m
,!la# (* ma''&;) m*#*a+ "aa, &l*h *l a'ah "!,ih.
1. N$*'i P*'!,. N$*'i "*'!, /!a m*'!"a+a# alah a,! i#i+ai */ala l*!+*mia%
ima#a *l l*!+*mia a"a, ,*'+!m"!l "aa &'a# i#/al% ha,i a# *m"*! $a#
m*#$*a+a# "*m*a'a# "aa &'a#-&'a# ,!!h i#i a# ,im!lah #$*'i. N$*'i
"*'!, i#i a"a, *'am"a+ hila##$a #a4! ma+a# "*#*'i,a l*!+*mia.
@. P*m*#+a+a# K*l*#/a' L$m"a. P*#*'i,a +*m!#+i#a# *a' m*#alami
"*m*#+a+a# "aa +*l*#/a' l$m"a% ai+ i,! $a# ia;ah l*#a#% l*h*'% aa
a# lai##$a. K*l*#/a' l$m"a *',!a m*#$a'i# a'ah% *l l*!+*mia a"a,
,*'+!m"!l ii#i a# m*#$*a+a# "*m*#+a+a#.
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?. K*!li,a# B*'#a4a (D$"#*a). P*#*'i,a m!#+i# m*#am"a++a# */ala +*!li,a#
*'#a4a a# #$*'i aa% a"aila ,*'/ai hal i#i ma+a ha'! **'a m*#a"a,+a#
"*',&la# m*i.
C+ P&'/&%A% *&,#M#A (,A',&" DA"A)
U#,!+ "*#$*a *#i'i am"ai aa, i#i maih *l!m i+*,ah!i. T*,a"i
+*a#$a+a# ,*lah i,*m!+a# **'a"a 4a+,&' "*#$*a#$a. A#,a'a lai#8
9. Raiai
M*#!'!, a,a% LMA l*ih i*a+a# +a'*#a *'a#a# 'aiai. S*a# LLK
*#i'i /a'a# m*#a"a, la"&'a# +a'*#a 4a+,&' 'aiai. ii;% /ai aa
+*m!#+i#a# "*a;ai 'ai&l&i ia m*mili+i +*m!#+i#a# ,*'+*#a *'a#a#
L*!+*mia S**#a'#$a !#,!+ *'a#a# L*!+*mia "aa a#a+-a#a+ *#i'i
m*#i#+a, *,*lah "*#*&ma# Hi'&hima a# Naaa+i i J*"a#. S*m*#/a+ i,!%
m!lai a#$a+ la"&'a# m*#*#ai a#a+-a#a+ $a# m*#*'i,a L*!+*mia i#i. T-T
5. Fa+,&' L*!+*m&*#i+
Ma+!#$a ii#i i,! +a'*#a 4a+,&' a, +imia ,*',*#,!. Biaa#$a Ra0!# li#+!#a#
*"*',i *#*#a7 I#*+,iia7 &a,-&a,a# ,*'a"i +a$a +*m&,*'a"i /!a a+a#
m*m!#+i#+a# ,*'/ai#$a L*!+*mia. *h /ai K*m&,*'a"i i L*!+*mia /!a
a+a# m*#a+ia,+a# L*!+*mia /*#i a'! U#,!+ i,! ia;ah #a#,i A*
/*lai# l*ih al*m +&+.. H*h*..
:. i'!
i'! i#i iaa#$a ih i'! HTL "*#$*a !,ama#$a. HTL i,! T-cell
Leukemia Viruses $a# m*'!"a+a# "*#$*a !,ama a'i +*,ia+ #&'mala#
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"*'+*ma#a# *l a'ah "!,ih. Biaa#$a ih HTL I a,a! II. i'! lai##$a a#,a'a
lai# '*,'&i'! a,a! i'! l*!+*mia 4*li#*.
3. H*'*i,*'
H*'*i,*' ii#i ma+!#$a +*,!'!#a#. Biaa#$a &'a# $a# m*mili+i Si#'&m
D&;# l*ih '*#,a# ,*'+*#a L*!+*mia ia#i# $a# ,ia+. K*m!#+i#a#
,*'+*#a#$a *+i,a' 56 +ali l*ih '*#,a# ia#i# $a# #&'mal.
D+ ,.MP*#,A$# /A' !&"*#%A! DA*AM *&,#M#A ,".'#,
9. P*m*#+a+a# #&! lim"a i l*h*'% +*,ia+%"*'!,%a,a! +*mal!a#.
5. Raa a+i, $a# ,*'!+ ,*'!,ama#$a i a;ah ,*'#!m.
:. Raa l*,iha# a# l*!a#
3. K*hila# *'a, ,a#"a *a ,*',*#,!.
1. D*mam
@. M*#*'ima l*am *#a# *#a#.
?. Raa a+i, "aa ,!la#.
=. Kaa' "*'#a4aa# '*#ah( h&',#* &4 '*a,h).
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&+ P&'C&AA' *&,#M#A
M*la+!+a# *,*+i i#i +a#+*' !#,!+ "*#0*aha#. P*#0*aha##$a *#a#
m*#!mi i,ami# A a# C% !ah ma!"!# a$!'a# $a# +a$a a+a# *'a,.
U#,!+ "*m*'i+aa# Dia#&i "*#$a+i, i#i a"a, ila+!+a# *#a# **'a"a 0a'a%
ia#a,a#$a aalah *#a#8
9. P*m*'i+aa# m&'4&l&i8 a'ah ,*"i% a"i'ai !m!m ,!la#% i&"i !m!m
,!la#
5. P*;a'#aa# Si,&+imia
:. Imm!#&4*#&,i"*
3. Si,&*#*,i+a
1. Dia#&,i0 S*l!l*'
+ P&'.%A!A' *&,#M#A
P*#$*m!ha# L*!+*mia *#i'i a"a, ila+!+a# *#a# **'a"a 0a'a. Mial#$a8
9. K*m&,*'a"i *#a# &a,7 "*#!#aa# i#i *'i4a, m*#$*'a# a#
m*#ha#0!'+a# *l-*l +a#+*' "a,&l&i $a# m*#$*'a# a+a# ,!!h. Nah
+ala! ,ai "*#!#aa# +*m&,*'a"i a"a, m*#a+ia,+a# +a#+*' a'!
m*ma# *#a'. Biaa#$a "*#!#aa# &a, i#i i,amah+a# *#a# &a,
"*#hama, m!#0!l#$a "*#$a+i, a'!. Biaa#$a &a, $a# i!#a+a#
aalah hydrea 0 hydroksi1rea mercapto p1rinetol dan myleran. R&$
P*'i;i#+l* i h!,a# maaa+a' *'i# /!a i!#a+a# !#,!+
"*#$*m!ha# L*!+*mia i#i. Sa$a##$a ,!m!ha# i#i ,*'a#0am "!#ah.
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5. Raiai7 P*#!#aa##$a *#i'i *#a# &i ,i#i $a# #a#,i#$a
ia+!m!lai+a# "aa a*'ah *'a+!m!lai#$a *l l*!+*mia.
:. T'a#"la#,ai S!m!# ,!la# *la+a#7 iaa#$a aalah !m!m ,!la#
*la+a# a'i a!a'a +a#!# a,a! a!a'a *+a,. K*!#,!#a##$a aalah
i*m im!# ,ia+ a+a# a+,i4 !#,!+ m*m!#!h *l hail ,'a#"la#,ai.
K*'!ia##$a *#i'i aalah *l $a# a+a# *'4!#i alam ;a+,! $a#
a#a, lama% ,ia+ a+a# *'4!#i *#a# ai+ alam ;a+,! $a# i#+a,.
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%A% ###P&'!P
A+ ,&$#MP*A'
L*!+imia aalah !a,! "*#$a+i, $a# i+*#al *#a# aa#$a "'&li4*'ai
#*&"lai,i+ a'i *l-*l &'a# h*m&"&i*,i+% $a# ,*'/ai *aai a+ia, m!,ai
&ma,i+ *l a+al (,*m 0*ll) $a# a+a# m*m*#,!+ !a,! +l *l l*!+imia.
P*#$a+i, +a#+*' a'ah (l*!+imia) m*#!!+i "*'i#+a, ,*',i#i +a#+*'
"aa a#a+. Nam!#% "*#a#a#a# +a#+*' "aa a#a+ i I#*ia maih lama,.
I,!lah *a#$a l*ih a'i @62 a#a+ "*#*'i,a +a#+*' $a# i,a#a#i *0a'a m*i
!ah m*ma!+i ,ai!m la#/!,.
Ca'a m*#0*ah P*#$a+i, L*!+imia $ai,! 8
M*la+!+a# *,*+i i#i +a#+*' !#,!+ "*#0*aha#. P*#0*aha##$a *#a#
m*#!mi i,ami# A a# C% !ah ma!"!# a$!'a# $a# +a$a a+a# *'a,.
%+ $A"A'
S*,*lah a#a m*ma0a ma+alah i#i% *m&a a#a aa' a# m*#*'ima a'a# a'i
a$a $ai,! 8
9. Tia+ m*'&+&+ aa' a'ah ,ia+ '!a+ a# ,*'i#4*+i.
5. Bai $a# m*'aa i'i#$a *ha,% ilah+a# *+ali-+ali !#,!+ m*m*'i+a+a# i'i#$a
+* D&+,*' aa' l*ih /*la'*al a'i *'a#a# "*#$a+i, L*!+imia (Ka#+*' Da'ah).
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DA!A" P$!A,A
DA. P'a,i;i% S'i ma'$a,i% S'i+i#i% S!ha'#&% a# Bama# S. P*#*'i, 8 E'la#a
566@. Bi&l&i !#,!+ SMA K*la I.Jili 5 Ja+a',a. P*#*'i, E'la#a.
I,ama' S$am!'i% [email protected]&l&i !#,!+ SMP K*la III. Jili 5. Ja+a',a 8
P*#*'i, E'la#a.
%A% 3
P&'DA*A'
3+3 *atar %elakang
L*!+*mia aalah #*&"lama a+!, a,a! +'i a'i *l-*l "*m*#,!+ a'ah alam!m!m ,!la# a# lim4a #ai (R***% 5669).
I#i*#i L*!+*mia i Am*'i+a aalah 9: "*' 966.666 "*#!!+ ,ah!# ( il%
9
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9. M*#*,ah!i a# m*m"*la/a'i l*ih alam m*#*#ai "*#$a+i, L*!+*mia.
5. M*#*,ah!i ,a,a la+a#a a# a!ha# +*"*'a;a,a# "aa +li*# L*!+imia.
:. M*#*+'i"i+a# ia#&a +*"*'a;a,a# $a# m!#0!l "aa a!ha#
+*"*'a;a,a# +li*# *#a# "*#$a+i, L*!+*mia.
3. M*#*+'i"i+a# '*#0a#a +*"*'a;a,a# $a# i!a, "aa a!ha#
+*"*'a;a,a# +li*# *#a# *#a# L*!+*mia.
1. M*#*+'i"i+a# ,i#a+a#-,i#a+a# $a# ha'! ila+!+a# "aa a!ha#
+*"*'a;a,a# +li*# *#a# L*!+*mia.
%A% ##P&M%AA$A'
2+ 3 Pengertian
L*!+*mia% aal *'aal a'i ahaa $!#a#i l*!+&-"!,ih a# haima-a'ah.
L*!+*mia aalah /*#i +a#+*' $a# m*m"*#a'!hi !m!m ,!la# a# /a'i#a#
*,ah *#i#. S*m!a +a#+*' *'m!la i *l% $a# m*m!a, a'ah a# /a'i#a#
lai##$a. Biaa#$a% *l-*l a+a# ,!m!h a# m*m*lah i'i !#,!+ m*m*#,!+ *l-
*l a'! $a# i!,!h+a# ,!!h. Saa, *l-*l *ma+i# ,!a% *l-*l ,*'*!, a+a#
ma,i a# *l-*l a'! a+a# m*#a#,i+a##$a.Ta"i% ,*'+aa# "'&* $a# ,*'a,!' i#i *'/ala# m*#$im"a#% S*l-*l a'! i#i
,*'*#,!+ m*+i ,!!h ,ia+ m*m!,!h+a##$a% a# *l-*l lama ,ia+ ma,i *"*',i
*ha'!#$a. K*/a#ala# i#i i*!, l*!+*mia% i ma#a !m!m ,!la#
m*#hail+a# *l-*l a'ah "!,ih a#&'mal $a# a+hi'#$a m*#*a+ *l-*l lai#.
%eberapa pengertian men1r1t para ahli4
• L*!+imia aalah "'&li4*'ai *l a'ah "!,ih $a# maih ima,!' alam
/a'i#a# "*m*#,!+ a'ah. (S!'iai% Ri,a $!lia#i% 5669 8 9?1).
• L*!+imia aalah "'&li4*'ai ,a+ ,*'a,!' a,a! a+!m!lai *l a'ah "!,ihalam !m-!m
,!la# m*#a#,i+a# *l*m*# !m-!m ,!la# #&'mal (Sm*l,*'% S C a#
Ba'*% B.G% 5665 8 53= )
• L*!+imia aalah !a,! +*a#aa# "aa ala, "*m!a, *l a'ah *'!"a
"'&li4*'ai&
"a,&l&i *l h*m&"&*,i+ m!a $a# i,a#ai &l*h aa#$a +*aala# !m-
!m ,!la#
alam m*m*#,!+ *l a'ah #&'mal a# aa#$a i#4il,'ai +* /a'i#a# ,!!h
$a# lai#.
(A'i*4 Ma#/&*'% ++% 5665 8 3
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• L*!+*mia aalah #*&"lama a+!, a,a! +'i a'i *l-*l "*m*#,!+ a'ah
alam !m!m ,!la# a# lim4a #ai (R***% 5669).
B*'aa'+a# a'i **'a"a "*#*',ia# ia,a ma+a "*#!li *'"*#a"a, ah;a
l*!+*mia aalah !a,! "*#$a+i, $a# i*a+a# &l*h "'&li4*'ai a#&'mal a'i
*l-*l l*!+&i, $a# m*#$*a+a# ,*'/ai#$a +a#+*' "aa ala, "*m*#,!+ a'ah.
2+2 &tiologi
P*#$*a $a# "a,i *l!m i+*,ah!i% a+a# ,*,a"i ,*'a"a, 4a+,&' "'*i"&ii
$a# m*#$*a+a# ,*'/ai#$a l*!+*mia% $ai,! 8
9. enetik
Aa#$a P*#$im"a#a# K'&m&&m I#i*#i l*!+*mia m*#i#+a, "aa "*#*'i,a
+*lai#a# +*#i,al% ia#,a'a#$a "aa i#'&ma D&;#% i#'&ma Bl&&m%
Fa#0i A#*mia% i#'&ma i+&,,-Al'i0h% i#'&ma Elli a# C'**l%
i#'&ma Kl*i#4*l,*'% D-T'i&m$ i#'&m*% i#'&ma R*0+i#ha!*#% a#
#*!'&4i'&ma,&i ( i*'#i+% 9
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9) Mani!estasi klinis
K*a#$a+a# ,a#a a# */ala ,*'/ai a+ia, *'+!'a##$a "'&!+i *l a'ah#&'mal. K*"*+aa# ,*'haa" i#4*+i ,*'/ai a+ia, 'a#!l&i,&"*#ia% +*+!'a#a#
'a#!l&i,7 +*l*laha# a# +*l*maha# $a# ,*'/ai +a'*#a a#*mia7 a#
+*00*#'!#a# "*'a'aha# ,*'/ai a+ia, ,'&m&i,&"*#ia% +*+!'a#a# /!mlah
,'&m&i,. P'&li4*'ai *l l*!+*mi alam &'a# m*#a+ia,+a# *'aai */ala
,amaha#7 #$*'i a+ia, "*m*a'a# lim"a a,a! ha,i7 maalah +*l*#/a' lim4a7 a+i,
+*"ala a,a! m!#,ah a+ia, l*!+*mia m*#i#*al (*'i# ,*'/ai "aa l*!+*mia
lim4&i,i+)7 a# #$*'i ,!la# a+ia, "*#$*a'a# !m!m ,!la#.
K*lai#a# i#i ,*'/ai ,a#"a "*'i#a,a#% *#a# */ala ,*'/ai alam "*'i&* 9-@
!la#. Hi,!# *l a'ah m*#!#/!+a# "*#!'!#a# ai+ *'i,'&i, ma!"!# ,'&m&i,.
M*+i"!# /!mlah l*!+&i, ,&,al ia '*#ah% #&'mal a,a! ,i#i% #am!# "'**#,a**l $a# #&'mal iaa#$a a#a, m*#!'!#. S"*0im*# !m!m ,!la# m*'!"a+a#
"*#*a+ ia#&*% m*#!#/!+a# +*l*iha# *l la, ima,!'. Aa#$a a,a# A!*'
ialam i,&"lama m*#!#/!+a# aa#$a l*!+*mia mi*l&*#! a+!, (AML).
5) Penatalaksanaan
K*m&,*'a"i m*'!"a+a# *#,!+ ,*'"i !,ama a# "aa **'a"a +a! a"a,
m*#hail+a# "*'ai+a# $a# *'la#!# am"ai *,ah!# a,a! l*ih. Oa, $a#
iaa#$a i!#a+a# m*li"!,i a!#&'&i0i# h$'&0hl&'i* (0*'!ii#*)% 0$,a'ai#
(0$,&a'-U)% a# m*'0a",&"!'i#* ("!'i#*,h&l). A!ha# "*#!+!# ,*'i'i a,a
"*m*'ia# "'&!+ a'ah a# "*#a#a#a# i#4*+i *#a# **'a. A"aila a"a,
i"*'&l*h /a'i#a# $a# 0&0&+ a'i +*'aa, *+a,% ma+a a"a, ila+!+a#
,'a#"la#,ai !m!m ,!la# !#,!+ m*m"*'&l*h !m!m ,!la# #&'mal% *,*lah
,*'l*ih ah!l! ila+!+a# "*#ha#0!'a# !m!m l*+*mi+ *#a# +*m&,'a"i.
:) Prognosis
Pai*# $a# m*#a"a,+a# "*#a#a#a# a"a, *',aha# ha#$a am"ai 9 ,ah!#%
*#a# +*ma,ia# $a# iaa#$a ,*'/ai a+ia, i#4*+i a,a! "*'a'aha#. S0hill*'
(9
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CML /a'a# m*#$*'a# i#ii! *'!ia i a;ah 56 ,ah!#% #am!# i#i*#i#$a
m*#i#+a, *!ai "*',amaha# !ia.
1) Mani!estasi
Gama'a# +li#i CML mi'i" *#a# ama'a# AML% ,*,a"i ,a#a a# */ala#$a
l*ih 'i#a#. Ba#$a+ "ai*# $a# m*#!#/!++a# ,a#a */ala *lama *',ah!#-
,ah!#. T*'a"a, "*#i#+a,a# l*!+&i,% +aa# am"ai /!mlah $a# l!a' iaa.
Lim"a *'i# m*m*a'.
&) Penatalaksanaan dan Prognosis
T*,a"i "iliha# l*!+*mia mi*l&*#! +'i aalah !l4a# (M$l*'a#)%
h$'&$!'*a% a# 0hl&'am!0il (L*!+*'a#) *#i'i a,a! *#a# +&',i+&,*'&i.
K*,aha#a# hi!" m*#i#+a, *0a'a *'ma+#a *#a# ,'a#"la#,ai !m!m ,!la#
"aa "ai*# $a# *'!ia i a;ah 16 ,ah!# *#a# &' HLA $a# *!ai.
I#,*'4*' al4a m*'!"a+a# al,*'#a,i* "iliha# "*#a#a#a#% #am!# a#a, mahal%
m*m"!#$ai *4*+ am"i# $a# ,ia+ m*#$*#a#+a# a# ,ia+ ,*'!+,i
m*m"*'"a#/a# +*,aha#a# hi!". Fl!a'ai# (Fl!a') *4*+,i4 ai "ai*# $a#
"*#$a+i,#$a ,ia+ *'*" ,*'haa" "*#a#a#a# $a# ,*lah ila+!+a# a,a! ,*'!m*m*'a, *,*lah "*#a#a#a#. Paa +*a#$a+a# "ai*#% +*la+ a+a# m*#alami
l*!+*mia mi*l&*#! a+!, a# iaa#$a '*i,*# ,*'haa" ,*'a"i a"a"!#. S*0a'a
+**l!'!ha#% "ai*# a"a, *',aha# *lama : am"ai 3 ,ah!#. K*ma,ia# iaa#$a
a+ia, i#4*+i a,a! "*'a'aha#.
9. c+ *e1kimia *imfositik Ak1t+
L*!+*mia lim4&i,i+ a+!, (ALL) ia#a" *aai !a,! "'&li4*'ai a#a
lim4&la. Pali# *'i# ,*'/ai "aa a#a+-a#a+% *#a# la+i-la+i l*ih a#$a+ia#i# "*'*m"!a#% *#a# "!#0a+ i#i*#i "aa !ia 3 ,ah!#. S*,*lah !ia
91% ALL /a'a# ,*'/ai.
1) Mani!estasi
Lim4&i, ima,!' *'"'&li4*'ai ala# !m!m ,!la# a# /a'i#a# "*'i4*' a#
m*#a#! "*'+*ma#a# *l #&'mal. A+ia,#$a% h*ma,&"&*i #&'mal
,*'lama,% m*#a+ia,+a# "*#!'!#a# /!mlah l*!+&i,% *l a'ah m*'ah% a#
,'&m&i,. E'i,'&i, a# ,'&m&i, /!mlah#$a '*#ah a# l*!+&i, /!mlah#$a a"a,
'*#ah a,a! ,i#i ,*,a"i *lal! ,*'a"a, *l ima,!'. Ma#i4*,ai i#4il,'ai l*!+*mia
+* &'a#-&'a# lai# l*ih *'i# ,*'/ai "aa ALL a'i "aa *#,!+ l*!+*mia lai#
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a# m*#a+ia,+a# #$*'i +a'*#a "*m*a'a# ha,i a,a! lim"a% a+i, +*"ala% m!#,ah
+a'*#a +*,*'lia,a# m*#i#*% a# #$*'i ,!la#.
&) Penatalaksanaan dan Prognosis
T*'a"i ALL ,*lah m*#alami +*ma/!a#% *+i,a' @62 a#a+ m*#0a"ai +*,aha#a#
hi!" am"ai 1 ,ah!#. B*#,!+ ,*'a"i !,ama aalah +*m&,*'a"i *#a# +&mi#ai
i#0'i,i#*% "'*#i*% a!#&'!i0i#% a# a"a'ai#a* !#,!+ ,*'a"i a;al a#
ila#/!,+a# *#a# +&mi#ai m*'0a",&"!'i#*% m*,h&,'*a,*% i#0'i,i#*% a#
"'*#i* !#,!+ "*m*liha'aa#. Raiai !#,!+ a*'ah +'a#i&"i#al a# i#/*+i
i#,'a,*+al &a, +*m&,*'a"i a"a, m*ma#,! m*#0*ah +*+am!ha# "aa i,*m
a'a4 "!a,.
9. d+ *e1kimia *imfositik ,ronis
L*!+imia lim4&i, +'i (CLL) 0*#*'!# m*'!"a+a# +*lai#a# 'i#a# $a#
,*'!,ama m*#*#ai i#ii! a#,a'a !ia 16-?6 ,ah!#. N*a'a- N*a'a a'a,
m*la"&'+a# "*#$a+i, i#i *aai l*!+*mia $a# !m!m ,*'/ai.
1) Mani!estasi klinis
K*a#$a+a# "ai*# ,ia+ m*#!#/!+a# */ala a# a'! ,*'ia&a "aa aa,
"*m*'i+aa# 4ii+ a,! "*#a#a#a# !#,!+ "*#$a+i, lai#. Ma#i4*,ai $a# m!#+i#
,*'/ai aalah *h!!#a# *#a# aa#$a a#*mia% i#4*+i% a,a! "*m*a'a# #&!
lim4*. Da# &'a# a&mi#al. J!mlah *'i,'&i, a# ,'&m&i, m!#+i# #&'mal a,a!
m*#!'!#. T*'/ai "*#!'!#a# /!mlah lim4&i,. (lim4&i,&"*#ia).
P*#a,ala+a#aa# m*i a# "'&#&i. A"aila 'i#a#% CLL ,ia+ m*m*'l!+a#
"*#a#a#a#. K*m&,*'a"i *#a# +&',i+&,*'&i a# 0hl&'am!0il (l*!+*'a#)*'i# i!#a+a# a"aila */ala#$a *'a,. Ba#$a+ "ai*# $a# ,ia+ *'*"
,*'haa" ,*'a"i i#i a"a, m*#0a"ai "*'ai+a# *#a# "*m*'ia# 4l!a'ai#*
m&4&"a,% 5-0h&'&*&$a*#&i*# (5-CBA)% a,a! "*#,&,a,i#. E4*+ am"i#
!,ama &a, i#i aalah "*#*+a#a# !m!m ,!la#% $a# ,*'ma#i4*,ai *#a#
aa#$a i#4*+i *"*',i "#*!m&0$,i 0a'i#ii% li,*'ia% mi+&a+,*'ia% i'! h*'"*
a# i,&m*al&i'!. P*#a#a#a# i#,'a *#a *#a# imm!#&l&!li# 0!+!"
*4*+,i4 m*#0*ah maalah i#i "aa "ai*# ,*',*#,!. K*,aha#a# hi!" 'a,a-'a,a
"ai*# *#a# CLL aalah ? ,ah!#.
&) 'omplikasi
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K&m"li+ai l*!+*mia m*li"!,i "*'a'aha# a# i#4*+i% $a# m*'!"a+a# "*#$*a
!,ama +*ma,ia#. P*m*#,!+a# a,! i#/al% a#*mia% a# maalah a,'&i#,*,i#al
m*'!"a+a# +&m"li+ai lai#.
Rii+& "*'a'aha# *'h!!#a# *#a# ,i#+a, *4ii*#i ,'&m&i,
(,'&m&i,&"*#ia) a#+a ,'&m&i, '*#ah i,a#ai *#a# m*ma' (*+im&i) a#
"*,*+ia (i#,i+ "*'a'aha#-"*'a'aha# a,a! +*a!a# **a' !/!# /a'!m
i"*'m!+aa# +!li,). Pai*# /!a a"a, m*#alami "*'a'aha# *'a, /i+a /!mlah
,'&m&i,#$a ,!'!# am"ai i a;ah 56.666 "*' mm: a'ah. D*#a# ala a# $a#
,ia+ /*la% *mam a# i#4*+i a"a, m*#i#+a,+a# +*m!#+i#a# "*'a'aha#.
Ka'*#a +*+!'a#a# 'a#!l&i, ma,!' a# #&'mal% "ai*# *lal! alam +*aaa#
,*'a#0am i#4*+i. K*m!#+i#a# ,*'/ai#$a i#4*+i m*#i#+a, *!ai *'a/a,
#*,'&"*#ia% *hi#a /i+a 'a#!l&i, *'aa i a;ah 966ml a'ah a#a,m!#+i# ,*'/ai i#4*+i i,*mi+. Di4!#i im!# m*m"*',i#i '*i+& i#4*+i.
P*#ha#0!'a# *l *a'-*a'a# $a# ,*'/ai *lama "*m*'ia# +*m&,*'a"i a,a!
m*#i#+a,+a# +aa' aam !'a, a# m*m!a, "ai*# '*#,a# m*#alami
"*m*#,!+a# a,! i#/al a# +&li+ i#/al. Ma+a "ai*# m*m*'l!+a# a!"a# 0ai'a#
$a# ,i#i !#,!+ m*#0*ah +'i,aliai aam !'a, a# "*m*#,!+a# a,!.
Maalah a,'&i#,*,i#al a"a, ,*'/ai a+ia, i#4il,'ai l*!+&i, a#&'mal +* &'a#
a#&mi#al *lai# a+ia, ,&+ii,a &a, +*m&,*'a"i. S*'i# ,*'/ai a#&'*+ia% m!al%
m!#,ah% ia'*% a# l*i m!+&a m!l!,.
2+7 Patofisiologi
L*!+*mia a+!, a# +'i m*'!"a+a# !a,! *#,!+ +*a#aa# a,a! mali#a $a#
m!#0!l a'i "*'a#$a+a# +lal *l-*l "*m*#,!+ *l a'ah $a# ,ia+ ,*'+,'&l
m*+a#im* +,'&l *l!l*' #&'mal m!#+i# ,ia+ *+*'/a *#a# ai+ a+ia,
aa#$a "*'!aha# "aa +&* *#*,i+ $a# *ha'!#$a *',a#!# /a;a a,a
"*#a,!'a# "*',!m!ha# *l a# i4*'*#iai.
S*l-*l l*!+*mia m*#/ala#i ;a+,! a!' !la# $a# l*ih lama, ia#i#+a# *l
#&'mal. P'&* "*ma,a#a# a,a! ma,!'ai *'/ala# ,ia+ l*#+a" a# lama, *',a *',aha# hi!" l*ih lama ia#i#+a# *l #&'mal.
2+8 Manifestasi ,linis
Ma#i4*,ai +li#i+ $a# *'i# i/!m"ai "aa "*#$a+i, l*!+*mia aalah *aai
*'i+!,8
9. Pil*+ ,ia+ *m!h-*m!h a+i, +*"ala.
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5. P!0a,% l*!% m!ah ,*',im!lai% M*'aa l*mah a,a! l*,ih.
:. D*mam% +*'i#a, malam a# a#&'*ia
3. B*'a, aa# m*#!'!#
1. P,*0hia*% m*ma' ,a#"a *a% M!ah *'a'ah a# l*am (!i *'a'ah%
*'0a+ +*!#!a# i +!li,% a,a! i#,i+-i#,i+ m*'ah +*0il i a;ah +!li,)
@. N$*'i "aa ,!la# a# "*'*#ia#
?. N$*'i a&m*#% P*m*#+a+a# a,a! 'aa ,ia+ #$ama# i "*'!, (a+ia,
"*m*a'a# lim"a).
2+9 Pemeriksaan Pen1njang
9. Hi,!# a'ah l*#+a" 8 m*#!#/!++a# #&'m&i,i+% a#*mia #&'m&i,i+
5. H*m&l&!li# 8 a"a, +!'a# a'i 96 '966ml
:. R*,i+!l&i, 8 /!mlah iaa$a '*#ah
3. T'&m&i, 8 a#a, '*#ah (Q 16666mm)
1. SDP 8 m!#+i# l*ih a'i 166660m *#a# "*#i#+a,a# SDP imma,!'
@. PTT 8 m*ma#/a#
?. LDH 8 m!#+i# m*#i#+a,
=. Aam !'a, *'!m 8 m!#+i# m*#i#+a,
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S*aia# *a' "ai*# l*!+*mia m*#/ala#i +*m&,*'a"i. J*#i "*#&a,a# +a#+*'
i#i m*#!#a+a# &a,-&a,a# !#,!+ m*m!#!h *l-*l l*!+*mia. T*'a#,!# "aa
/*#i l*!+*mia% "ai*# ia m*#a"a,+a# a,! /*#i &a, a,a! +&mi#ai a'i !a&a, a,a! l*ih.
Pasien le1kemia bisa mendapatkan kemoterapi dengan berbagai cara4
• M*lal!i m!l!,
• D*#a# !#,i+a# la#!# +* "*m!l!h a'ah ali+ (a,a! i#,'a*#a).
• M*lal!i +a,*,*' (,a!# +*0il $a# 4l*+i*l) $a# i,*m"a,+a# i alam
"*m!l!h a'ah ali+ *a'% *'i#+ali i aa aia# a,a P*'a;a, a+a#m*#$!#,i++a# &a, +* alam +a,*,*'% !#,!+ m*#hi#a'i !#,i+a# $a#
*'!la# +ali. Ca'a i#i a+a# m*#!'a#i 'aa ,ia+ #$ama# a#a,a!
0**'a "aa "*m!l!h a'ah ali++!li,.
• D*#a# !#,i+a# la#!# +* 0ai'a# 0*'*'&"i#al /i+a ahli "a,&l&i
m*#*m!+a# *l-*l l*!+*mia alam 0ai'a# $a# m*#ii '!a# i &,a+ a#
!m!m ,!la# *la+a#% &+,*' ia m*m*'i#,ah+a# +*m&,*'a"i
i#,'a,*+al. D&+,*' a+a# m*#$!#,i++a# &a, la#!# +* alam 0ai'a#
0*'*'&"i#al. M*,&* i#i i!#a+a# +a'*#a &a, $a# i*'i+a# m*lal!i
!#,i+a# I a,a! imi#!m *'i#+ali ,ia+ m*#0a"ai *l-*l i &,a+ a#
!m!m ,!la# *la+a#.
!erdapat tiga fase pelaksanaan kemoterapi 4
9. a+ Fa* I#!+i Dim!lai 3-@ mi#! *,*lah ia#&a i,*a++a#.
Paa 4a* i#i i*'i+a# ,*'a"i +&',i+&,'*'&i ("'*#i)% i#0'i,i# a# L-
a"a'ai#a*. Fa* i#!+i i#$a,a+a# *hail /i+a ,a#a-,a#a "*#$a+i,
*'+!'a# a,a! ,ia+ aa a# alam !m!m ,!la# i,*m!+a# /!mlah *l
m!a +!'a# a'i 12.
9. b+ Fa* P'&4ila+i Si,*m a'a4 "!a,Paa 4a* i#i i*'i+a# ,*'a"i
m*,h&,'*a,*% 0$,a'ai#* a# h$'&0&,i m*la!i i#,'a,h*0al !#,!+
m*#0*ah i#i *l l*!+*mia +* &,a+. T*'a"i i''aiai +'a#ial ila+!+a#
ha#$a "aa "ai*# l*!+*mia $a# m*#alami a#!a# i,*m a'a4 "!a,.
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9. c+ K&liai "aa 4a* i#i +&mi#ai "*#&a,a# ila+!+a#
!#!,+ m*m"*',aha#+a# '*mii a# m*#!'a#i /!mlah *l-*l l*!+*mia
$a# *'*a' alam ,!!h. S*0a'a *'+ala% mi#!a# a,a! !la#a#ila+!+a# "*m*'i+aa# a'ah l*#+a" !#,!+ m*#ilai '*" !m!m
,!la# ,*'haa" "*#&a,a#. Ji+a ,*'/ai !"'*i !m!m ,!la#% ma+a
"*#&a,a# ih*#,i+a# *m*#,a'a a,a! &i &a, i+!'a#i.
9. !erapi %iologi
O'a# *#a# /*#i "*#$a+i, l*!+*mia ,*',*#,! m*#/ala#i ,*'a"i i&l&i !#,!+
m*#i#+a,+a# a$a ,aha# alami ,!!h ,*'haa" +a#+*'. T*'a"i i#i i*'i+a#
m*lal!i !#,i+a# i alam "*m!l!h a'ah ali+. Bai "ai*# *#a# l*!+*mialim4&i,i+ +'i% /*#i ,*'a"i i&l&i $a# i!#a+a# aalah a#,i&i m&+lal
$a# a+a# m*#i+a,+a# i'i "aa *l-*l l*!+*mia. T*'a"i i#i m*m!#+i#+a#
i,*m +*+*ala# !#,!+ m*m!#!h *l-*l l*!+*mia i alam a'ah a# !m!m
,!la#. Bai "*#*'i,a *#a# l*!+*mia m$*l&i +'i% ,*'a"i i&l&i $a#
i!#a+a# aalah aha# alami *'#ama i#,*'4*' !#,!+ m*m"*'lama,
"*',!m!ha# *l-*l l*!+*mia.
9. !erapi "adiasi
T*'a"i Raiai (/!a i*!, *aai 'ai&,*'a"i) m*#!#a+a# i#a' *'*#*'i
,i#i !#,!+ m*m!#!h *l-*l l*!+*mia. Bai *aia# *a' "ai*#% *!ah
m*i# $a# *a' a+a# m*#a'ah+a# 'aiai "aa lim"a% &,a+% a,a! aia# lai#
alam ,!!h ,*m"a, m*#!m"!+#$a *l-*l l*!+*mia i#i. B**'a"a "ai*#
m*#a"a,+a# 'aiai $a# ia'ah+a# +* *l!'!h ,!!h. (I'aiai *l!'!h ,!!h
iaa#$a i*'i+a# **l!m ,'a#"la#,ai !m!m ,!la#.)
9. !ransplantasi $el #nd1k ($tem Cell)
B**'a"a "ai*# l*!+*mia m*#/ala#i ,'a#"la#,ai *l i#!+ (,*m 0*ll).
T'a#"la#,ai *l i#!+ m*m!#+i#+a# "ai*# i&a,i *#a# &i &a, $a#
,i#i% 'aiai% a,a! +*!a#$a. D&i ,i#i i#i a+a# m*#ha#0!'+a# *l-*l
l*!+*mia *+ali! *l-*l a'ah #&'mal alam !m!m ,!la#. K*m!ia#% "ai*#
a+a# m*#a"a,+a# *l-*l i#!+ (,*m 0*ll) $a# *ha, m*lal!i ,a!# 4l*+i*l
$a# i"aa# i "*m!l!h a'ah ali+ *a' i a*'ah aa a,a! l*h*'. S*l-*l
a'ah $a# a'! a+a# ,!m!h a'i *l-*l i#!+ (,*m 0*ll) hail ,'a#"la#,ai i#i.
S*,*lah ,'a#"la#,ai *l i#!+ (,*m 0*ll)% "ai*# iaa#$a ha'! m*#i#a" i
'!mah a+i, *lama **'a"a mi#!. Tim +**ha,a# a+a# m*li#!#i "ai*# a'i
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i#4*+i am"ai *l-*l i#!+ (,*m 0*ll) hail ,'a#"la#,ai m!lai m*#hail+a#
*l-*l a'ah "!,ih alam /!mlah $a# m*maai.
%A% ###
A$A' ,&P&"A;A!A'
6+3 Pengkajian
P*#+a/ia# aalah aa' !,ama a'i "'&* +*"*'a;a,a#% "*#!m"!la# a,a $a#
a+!'a, a# i,*ma,i a+a# m*ma#,! "*#*#,!a# ,a,! +**ha,a# a# "&la
"*',aha#a# +li*#% m*#i*#,i4i+ai +*+!a,a# a# +*!,!ha# +li*# *',a
m*'!m!+a# ia#&a +*"*'a;a,a#. (B!i A##a K*lia,% 9
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P*#+a/ia# "aa l*!+*mia m*li"!,i 8
a. Ri;a$a, "*#$a+i,
. Ka/i aa#$a ,a#a-,a#a a#*mia 8
• P!0a,
• K*l*maha#
• S*a+
• Na4a 0*"a,
0. Ka/i aa#$a ,a#a-,a#a l*!0&"*#ia
• D*mam
• I#4*+i
. Ka/i aa#$a ,a#a-,a#a ,'&m&i,&"*#ia 8
• P,*0hia*
• P!'"!'a
• P*'a'aha# m*m'a# m!+&a
*.Ka/i aa#$a ,a#a-,a#a i#ai *+,'a m*!l&la 8
• Lim4a*#&"a,i
• H*"a,&m*ali
• S"l*#&m*ali
4.Ka/i aa#$a "*m*a'a# ,*,i
.Ka/i aa#$a 8
• H*ma,!'i
• Hi"*',*#i
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• Gaal i#/al
• I#4lamai i*+i,a' '*0,al
• N$*'i
6+2 Diagnosa ,epera
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"asional 8 !#,!+ m*mi#imal+a# ,*'"a"a'#$a P a'i !m*' i#4*+i
• A#/!'+a# *m!a "*#!#/!# a# ,a44 '!mah a+i, !#,!+ m*#!#a+a#
,*+#i+ m*#0!0i ,a#a# *#a# ai+.
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*mi#imal+a# "a/a#a# "aa &'a#im* i#4*+,i4.
• G!#a+a# ,*+#i+ a*",i+ $a# 0*'ma, !#,!+ *m!a "'&*!' i#ai*
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*#0*ah +,ami#ai ila#m*#!'!#+a# '*i+& i#4*+i
•
Eal!ai +*aaa# a#a+ ,*'haa" ,*m"a,-,*m"a, m!#0!l#$a i#4*+i *"*',i,*m"a,
"*#!!+a# /a'!m% !l*'ai m!+&a% a# maalah ii.
"asional 8 !#,!+ i#,*'*#i i#i "*#a#a#a# i#4*+i.
• I#"*+i m*m'a# m!+&a m!l!,. B*'ih+a# m!l!, *#a# ai+
"asional 8 'a m!l!, aalah m*i!m $a# ai+ !#,!+ "*',!m!ha#
&'a#im
• B*'i+a# "*'i&* i,i'aha, ,a#"a a#!a#
"asional 8 m*#amah *#*'i !#,!+ "*#$*m!ha# a# '**#*'ai *l!l*'.
• B*'i+a# i*, l*#+a" #!,'ii *!ai !ia.
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*#!+!# "*',aha#a# alami ,!!h.
• B*'i+a# a#,ii&,i+ *!ai +*,*#,!a#
"asional 8 i*'i+a# *aai "'&4ila+,i+ a,a! m*#&a,i i#4*+i +h!!.
9. I#,&l*'a#i a+,ii,a *'h!!#a# *#a# +*l*maha# a+ia, a#*mia
!1j1an 8 ,*'/ai "*#i#+a,a# ,&l*'a#i a+,i4i,a
#nter=ensi 8
• Eal!ai la"&'a# +*l*maha#% "*'ha,i+a# +*,ia+mam"!a# !#,!+
*'"a',ii"ai alam a+,i4i,a *ha'i-ha'i.
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"asional 8 m*#*#,!+a# *'a/a, a# *4*+ +*,ia+mam"!a#.
• B*'i+a# li#+!#a# ,*#a# a# "*'l! i,i'aha, ,a#"a a#!a#"asional 8 m*#h*ma, *#*'i !#,!+ a+,i4i,a a# '**#*'ai *l!l*' a,a!
"*#$am!#a# /a'i#a#.
• Ka/i +*mam"!a# !#,!+ *'"a',ii"ai "aa a+,i4i,a $a# ii#i#+a# a,a!
i!,!h+a#.
"asional 8 m*#i*#,i4i+ai +*!,!ha# i#ii!al a# m*ma#,!
"*miliha# i#,*'*#i.
• B*'i+a# a#,!a# alam a+,i4i,a *ha'i-ha'i a# am!lai
"asional 8 m*ma+imal+a# *iaa# *#*'i !#,!+ ,!a "*'a;a,a# i'i
9. R*i+& ,*'haa" 0**'a"*'a'aha# $a# *'h!!#a# *#a# "*#!'!#a#
/!mlah ,'&m&i,
!1j1an 8 +li*# ,ia+ m*#!#/!++a# !+,i-!+,i "*'a'aha#
#nter=ensi 8
• G!#a+a# *m!a ,i#a+a# !#,!+ m*#0*ah "*'a'aha# +h!!#$a "aa
a*'ah *+im&i."asional 8 +a'*#a "*'a'aha# m*m"*'*'a, +ii a#a+ *#a# aa#$a
a#*mia.
• C*ah !l*'ai &'al a# '*0,al.
"asional 8 +a'*#a +!li, $a# l!+a 0*#*'!# !#,!+ *'a'ah.
• G!#a+a# /a'!m $a# +*0il "aa aa, m*la+!+a# i#/*+i.
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*#0*ah "*'a'aha#
• M*#!#a+a# i+a, ii $a# l!#a+ a# l*m!,
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*#0*ah "*'a'aha#
• La"&'+a# *,ia" ,a#a-,a#a "*'a'aha# (,*+a#a# a'ah m*#!'!#% *#$!,
#ai 0*"a,% a# "!0a,).
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*m*'i+a# i#,*'*#i i#i alam m*#a,ai "*'a'aha#.
• Hi#a'i &a,-&a, $a# m*#a#!# a"i'i#.
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"asional 8 +a'*#a a"i'i# m*m"*#a'!hi 4!#i ,'&m&i,.
• A/a'+a# &'a# ,!a a# a#a+ $a# l*ih *a' #,!+ m*#,'&l "*'a'aha#hi!#.
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*#0*ah "*'a'aha#.
. R*i+& ,i#i +*+!'a#a# &l!m* 0ai'a# *'h!!#a# *#a# m!al a# m!#,a
!1j1an 8 Tia+ ,*'/ai +*+!'a#a# &l!m* 0ai'a#
Pai*# ,ia+ m*#alami m!al a# m!#,ah
#nter=ensi 4
• B*'i+a# a#,i*m*,i+ a;al **l!m im!lai#$a +*m&,*'a"i
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*#0*ah m!al a# m!#,ah
• B*'i+a# a#,i*m*,i+ *0a'a ,*'a,!' "aa ;a+,! a# "'&'am +*m&,*'a"i
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*#0*ah *"i&* *'!la#
• Ka/i '*" P ,*'haa" a#,i *m*,i0.
"asional 8 +a'*#a ,ia+ aa &a, a#,i*m*,i+ $a# *0a'a !m!m *'hail.
• Hi#a'i m*m*'i+a# ma+a#a# $a# *'a'&ma m*#$*#a,
"asional 8 a! $a# m*#$*#a, a"a, m*#im!l+a# m!al a# m!#,ah
•
A#/!'+a# ma+a# alam "&'i +*0il ,a"i *'i#
"asional 8 +a'*#a /!mlah +*0il iaa#$a i,&l*'a#i *#a# ai+
• B*'i+a# 0ai'a# i#,'a*#a *!ai +*,*#,!a#
"asional 4 !#,!+ m*m"*',aha#+a# hi'ai
9. N$*'i $a# *'h!!#a# *#a# *4*+ 4ii&l&i a'i l*!+*mia
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!1j1an 8 "ai*# ,ia+ m*#alami #$*'i a,a! #$*'i m*#!'!# am"ai ,i#+a, $a#
a"a,
i,*'ima a#a+
#nter=ensi 4
• M*#+a/i ,i#+a, #$*'i *#a# +ala 6 am"ai 1
"asional 8 i#4&'mai m*m*'i+a# a,a aa' !#,!+ m*#*al!ai +*!,!ha# a,a!
+**4*+,i4a# i#,*'*#i
• Ji+a m!#+i#% !#a+a# "'&*!'-"'&*!' (mial "*ma#,a!a# !h! #
i#ai4% ala,
a+* *#a
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*mi#imal+a# 'aa ,ia+ ama#
• Eal!ai *4*+,i4i,a "*#hila# #$*'i *#a# *'a/a, +*aa'a# a# *ai
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*#*#,!+a# +*!,!ha# "*'!aha# &i. a+,!
"*m*'ia# a,a! &a,
• La+!+a# ,*+#i+ "*#!'a#a# #$*'i # 4a'ma+&l&i $a# ,*"a,
"asional 8 *aai a#al*,i+ ,amaha#
• B*'i+a# &a,-&a, a#,i #$*'i *0a'a ,*'a,!'
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*#0*ah +am!h#$a #$*'i
9. K*'!a+a# i#,*'i,a +!li, *'h!!#a# *#a# "*m*'ia# a*#+*m&,*'a"i% 'ai&,*'a"i% im&ili,a.
!1j1an 8 "ai*# m*m"*',aha#+a# i#,*'i,a +!li,
#nter=ensi 8
• B*'i+a# "*'a;a,a# +!li, $a# 0*ma,% ,*'!,ama i alam m!l!, a# a*'ah
"*'ia#al
"asional 8 +a'*#a a'*a i#i 0*#*'!# m*#alami !l*'ai
• Uah "&ii *#a# *'i#
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"asional 8 !#,!+ m*'a#a# i'+!lai a# m*#0*ah ,*+a#a# "aa +!li,
• Ma#i+a# *#a# ai' ha#a, a# a!# 'i#a#
"asional 8 m*m"*',aha#+a# +**'iha# ,a#"a m*#i'i,ai +!li,
• Ka/i +!li, $a# +*'i# ,*'haa" *4*+ am"i# ,*'a"i +a#+*'
"asional 8 *4*+ +*m*'aha# a,a! +!li, +*'i# a# "'!'i,!% !l*'ai a"a, ,*'/ai
alam a'*a 'aiai "aa **'a"a a*# +*m&,*'a"i
• A#/!'+a# "ai*# !#,!+ ,ia+ m*#a'!+ a# m*#*"!+ +!li, $a# +*'i#.
"asional 8 m*ma#,! m*#0*ah 4'i+i a,a! ,'a!ma +!li,.
• D&' ma!+a# +al&'i "'&,*i# $a# a*+!a,
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*#0*ah +**ima#a# #i,'&*# $a# #*a,i4
• Pilih "a+aia# $a# la' a# l*m!, ia,a a'*a $a# ,*'aiai
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*mi#imal+a# i'i,ai ,amaha#
9. Ga#!a# 0i,'a ,!!h *'h!!#a# *#a# al&"*ia a,a! "*'!aha# 0*"a,
"aa
"*#am"ila#
!1j1an 8 "ai*# a,a! +*l!a'a m*#!#/!++a# "*'ila+! +&"i# "&i,i4
#nter=ensi 4
• D&' a#a+ !#,!+ m*milih ;i (a#a+ "*'*m"!a#) $a# *'!"a a$a a#
;a'#a 'am!, a#a+ **l!m 'am!, m!lai ',&+
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*ma#,! m*#*ma#+a# "*#$*!aia# 'am!, ,*'haa"
+*',&+a# 'am!,
• B*'i+a# "*#!,!" +*"ala $a# a*+!a, *lama "*ma/a#a# "aa i#a'
ma,aha'i% a#i# a,a! i#i#
"asional 8 +a'*#a hila##$a "*'li#!#a# 'am!,
• A#/!'+a# !#,!+ m*#/aa aa' 'am!, $a# ,i"i i,! ,*,a" *'ih% "*#*+
a# hal!
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*#$ama'+a# +*&,a+a# "a'ial
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• J*la+a# ah;a 'am!, m!lai ,!m!h alam : hi#a @ !la# a#
m!#+i# ;a'#a a,a! ,*+,!'#$a aa+ *'*a.
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*#$ia"+a# a#a+ a# +*l!a'a ,*'haa" "*'!aha# "*#am"ila#
'am!, a'!
• D&' h$i*#*% *'a#% a# ala, ala, $a# *!ai *#a# /*#i +*lami# %
mial#$a ;i% +a'4% ,&"i% ,a,a 'ia% a# "a+aia# $a# m*#a'i+
"asional 8 !#,!+ m*#i#+a,+a# "*#am"ila#.
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%A% 35
P&'!P
7+3 ,esimp1lan
L*!+*mia aalah #*&"lama a+!, a,a! +'i a'i *l-*l "*m*#,!+ a'ah alam
!m!m ,!la# a# lim4a #ai (R***% 5669).
P*#!li *'"*#a"a, ah;a l*!+*mia aalah !a,! "*#$a+i, $a# i*a+a# &l*h
"'&li4*'ai a#&'mal a'i *l-*l l*!+&i, $a# m*#$*a+a# ,*'/ai#$a +a#+*'
"aa ala, "*m*#,!+ a'ah.
L*!+*mia a+!, a# +'i m*'!"a+a# !a,! *#,!+ +*a#aa# a,a! mali#a $a#
m!#0!l a'i "*'a#$a+a# +lal *l-*l "*m*#,!+ *l a'ah $a# ,ia+ ,*'+,'&l
m*+a#im* +,'&l *l!l*' #&'mal m!#+i# ,ia+ *+*'/a *#a# ai+ a+ia,
aa#$a "*'!aha# "aa +&* *#*,i+ $a# *ha'!#$a *',a#!# /a;a a,a
"*#a,!'a# "*',!m!ha# *l a# i4*'*#iai.
S*l-*l l*!+*mia m*#/ala#i ;a+,! a!' !la# $a# l*ih lama, ia#i#+a# *l
#&'mal. P'&* "*ma,a#a# a,a! ma,!'ai *'/ala# ,ia+ l*#+a" a# lama, *',a
*',aha# hi!" l*ih lama ia#i#+a# *l #&'mal.
P*#$*a l*!+*mia aa **'a"a 4a+,&'% ia#,a'a#$a8 *#*,i+% a!a'a +a#!#%
4a+,&' li#+!#a#% i'!% aha# +imia% a# &a,-&a,a#.
Klai4i+ai l*!+imia ,*'i'i a'i L*!+imia Mi*l&*#! A+!,% L*!+imia
Mi*l&*#! K'i% L*!+*mia Lim4&i,i+ A+!,% L*!+*mia Lim4&i,i+ K'i+.
Ma#i4*,ai +li#i+ $a# *'i# i/!m"ai "aa "*#$a+i, l*!+*mia aalah *aai
*'i+!,8
9. Pil*+ ,ia+ *m!h-*m!h a+i, +*"ala.
5. P!0a,% l*!% m!ah ,*',im!lai% M*'aa l*mah a,a! l*,ih.
:. D*mam% +*'i#a, malam a# a#&'*ia
3. B*'a, aa# m*#!'!#
1. P,*0hia*% m*ma' ,a#"a *a% M!ah *'a'ah a# l*am (!i *'a'ah%
*'0a+ +*!#!a# i +!li,% a,a! i#,i+-i#,i+ m*'ah +*0il i a;ah +!li,)
@. N$*'i "aa ,!la# a# "*'*#ia#
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?. N$*'i a&m*#% P*m*#+a+a# a,a! 'aa ,ia+ #$ama# i "*'!, (a+ia,
"*m*a'a# lim"a).
P*#,ala+a#a# "aa "*#$a+i# l*!+*mia m*li"!,i8 +*m&,*'a"i% ,*'a"i i&l&i% ,*'a"i
'aiai% a# ,'a#"la#,ai *l i#!+.
U#,!+ m*#hi#a'i l*!+imia ha'! i0*ah *i#i m!#+i#% a# +*,i+a !ah aa
*/ala-*/ala **'a "*'i+a+a# +* &+,*'.