nikolo makiaveli

mTavari

ita­li­u­ri­dan­Tar­gmna,­

wi­na­sity­va­o­ba­da­

ko­men­ta­re­bi­da­ur­To

ba­Ca­na­breg­va­Zem

5ni

kol

o maki

avelini­ko­lo­ma­ki­a­ve­li

ev­ro­pu­li­kul­tu­ris­is­to­ri­a­Si­Zne­lad­Tu­mo­i­Zeb­ne­ba­

me­o­re­pe­ri­o­di,­Ta­vi­si­mniS­vne­lo­biT­rom­Se­ed­re­bo­des­

ita­li­u­ri­aRor­Zi­ne­bis­epo­qas.­am­epo­qis­ka­rib­Wes­Tan­dgas­

dan­tes­(1265-1321)­go­li­a­Tu­ri­fi­gu­ra,­vi­si­Se­moq­me­de­bac­ag­vir­gvi­nebs­Sua­sa­u­ku­ne­e­bis­sam­ya­ros­da,­imav­dro­u­lad,­

axa­li­dro­is­ma­uwy­eb­la­dac­gvev­li­ne­ba.­sa­kuT­riv­aRor-

Zi­ne­bas­ki­iwy­e­ben­fran­Ces­ko­pet­rar­ka­(1304-1374)­da­hu­ma-nis­ti­eru­di­te­bis­mTe­li­ple­a­da,­ro­mel­Ta­gran­di­o­zul­ma­

in­te­leq­tu­a­lur­ma­qme­di­To­bam­eso­den­mok­le­xan­Si­SeZlo­

Su­a­sa­u­ku­ne­ob­riv­fa­se­u­lo­ba­Ta­mTe­li­sis­te­mis­ga­da­fa­se-

ba­da­axa­li­ge­zi­mis­ca­ita­li­u­ri­da­ara­mar­to­ita­li­u­ri­

kul­tu­ri­sa­da­ci­vi­li­za­ci­is­Sem­dgom­dro­in­del­gan­vi­Ta-

re­bas.­cxov­re­bi­sa­da­si­nam­dvi­lis­yve­la­sfe­ro­Si­er­Ti­me-

o­ris­mi­yo­le­biT­em­xo­b­a­dro­moW­mu­li­tra­di­ci­e­bi,­Zve­li­

for­me­bi­Tu­da­we­se­bu­le­be­bi­ad­gils­uT­mo­bs­axals.­fi­lo-

so­fia­Tan­da­Ta­no­biT­zRu­davs­da­aZe­vebs­sqo­las­ti­kas,­

xo­lo­saR­mrTo­we­ri­lis­eW­vSe­u­val­av­to­ri­tets­Ta­vi­su­fa-

li­az­rov­ne­ba­cvlis.­iwy­e­ba­zus­ti­da­sa­bu­ne­bis­mety­ve­lo­

mec­ni­e­re­be­bis­ma­nam­de­ar­na­xu­li­gan­vi­Ta­re­ba.­sak­ma­ri­sia­

da­va­sa­xe­loT­ma­Te­ma­ti­ko­se­bi­–­pa­o­lo­tos­ka­ne­li­(1397-1482),­ni­ko­lo­tar­ta­lia­(1500-1577),­je­ro­ni­mo­kar­da­no­(1501-1576);­ana­to­mis­te­bi­–­an­drea­ve­ze­lio­(1514-1564),­re­al­do­ko­lom­bo­(1516-1559);­na­tur­fi­lo­so­fo­se­bi­–­pi­et-ro­pom­po­na­ci­(1462-1524),­ber­nar­do­te­le­zio­(1508-1588).­le­on­ba­tis­ta­al­ber­ti­(1404-1472)­da­le­o­nar­do­da­vin-Ci­(1452-1519)­sa­fuZ­vels­uy­ri­an­kvle­vis­eq­spe­ri­men­tul­

6mT

avar

i me­Tods.­swra­fi­tem­piT­vi­Tar­de­ba­vaW­ro­ba­da­mrew­ve­lo­ba,­

rac,­Ta­vis­mxriv,­axa­li­sazR­vao­gze­bis­Zi­e­bis­sti­mu­lad­

da­di­di­ge­og­ra­fi­u­li­aR­mo­Ce­ne­bis­gan­ma­pi­ro­be­bel­faq-

to­rad­iq­ce­va.­ko­lum­bi­(1451-1506)­ame­ri­kis­kon­ti­nents­aR­wevs.­gu­ten­ber­gis­(1397-1468)­ga­mo­go­ne­ba­ita­li­a­Si­uf­ro­far­To­ga­sa­qans­po­u­lobs,­vid­re­mis­sam­Sob­lo­Si­an­ev­ro­pis­

ne­bis­mi­er­sxva­qve­ya­na­Si.­mkvdre­TiT­aR­mdga­ri­an­ti­ku­ri­

kul­tu­ris­sa­fuZ­vel­ze­iq­mne­ba­po­li­ti­ku­ri­mec­ni­e­re­ba;­

qro­ni­ka­ad­gils­uT­mobs­sa­mo­qa­la­qo­is­to­ri­as;­iba­de­ba­

sa­ra­in­do­po­e­ma.­XIII-XIV­sa­u­ku­ne­e­bis­di­di­ita­li­e­li­mwer-

le­bis­saq­mes­Tan­mim­dev­ru­lad­ag­rZe­le­ben­kvat­ro­Cen­to-

sa­da­Cin­kve­Cen­tos­po­e­te­bi,­is­to­ri­ko­se­bi,­hu­ma­nis­te­bi:­

lo­do­vi­ko­ari­os­to­(1474-1533)­da­pi­et­ro­bem­bo­(1470-1547),­fran­Ces­ko­ber­ni­(da­axl.­1497-1536)­da­je­ro­ni­mo­fo­len-go­(1491-1544),­ni­ko­lo­ma­ki­a­ve­li­(1469-1527)­da­fran­Ces­ko­gvi­Car­di­ni­(1482-1540),­pi­ko­de­la­mi­ran­do­la­(1463-1494)­da­mar­si­lio­fi­Ci­no­(1433-1499).­bru­ne­les­ki­(1377-1446)­qmnis­axal­ar­qi­teq­tu­ras,­do­na­te­lo­(1386-1446)­–­skul­ptu­ras.­ma­za­Co­sa­(1401-1428)­da­uricx­vi­tos­ka­ne­li­Tu­um­bri­e­li­mxat­vris­Se­moq­me­de­ba­gzas­ux­snis­ma­Ra­li­re­ne­san­sis­gi­gan-

tebs­–­le­o­nar­do­sa­da­mi­qe­lan­je­los­(1475-1564),­ra­fa­elsa­(1483-1520)­da­bo­ti­Ce­lis­(1447-1510),­ti­ci­ansa­(1477-1576)­da­tin­to­re­tos­(1512-1594).­ita­lia­ev­ro­pu­li­kul­tu­ris­med­ro­Se­xde­ba.­da­nar­Ce­ni­qvey­ne­bi­ise­Ti­ve­gan­cvif­re­bi­Ta­

da­Su­ris­Tva­liT­uyu­re­ben­ita­li­u­ri­xe­lov­ne­bi­sa­da­mec-

ni­e­re­bis­tri­umfs,­mis­sim­did­resa­da­fu­fu­ne­bas,­ro­gorc­

odes­Rac­ger­ma­ne­li­bar­ba­ro­se­bi­uT­val­Tva­leb­dnen­ro­mis­

di­de­bas.

mag­ram­mTe­li­es­brwyin­va­le­bac­ki­ver­ma­lavs­ita­li-

is­uricxv­sat­ki­vars,­mis­sisx­li­an­Wri­lo­bebs,­mis­erov-

nul­ube­du­re­bas.­uwi­na­res­yov­li­sa,­es­gax­lavT­qvey­nis­

Si­na­ga­ni­ga­Ti­Su­lo­ba­da­daq­saq­su­lo­ba.­im­dros,­ro­de-

sac­ev­ro­pis­zo­gi­erT­qve­ya­na­Si­–­saf­ran­geT­Si,­es­pa­neT­Si,­

7ni

kol

o maki

aveli

in­glis­Si,­ar­se­bi­Tad,­uk­ve­dam­Tav­rda­cen­tra­li­ze­bul­

sa­xel­mwi­fo­Ta­Seq­mnis­pro­ce­si,­–­Si­na­ga­ni­wi­na­aR­mde­go-

be­biT­daR­rRni­li,­sa­mo­qa­la­qo­ome­biT­sis­xldaw­re­ti­li,­

sa­er­To­na­ci­o­na­lu­ri­in­te­re­se­bis­mo­Ra­la­te­mTav­re­bi­sa­

da­pa­pe­bis­sa­par­pa­Sod­qce­u­li­ita­lia­ur­Ti­er­Tmo­SuR-

le­wvril­fe­o­da­lur­sam­Tav­ro­e­bad­Tu­TviT­mmar­Tvel­

res­pub­li­ke­ba­daa­da­quc­ma­ce­bu­li:­ve­ne­ci­i­sa­da­ge­nu­is­

res­pub­li­ke­bi­da­mi­la­nis­sa­her­co­go­Crdi­lo­ita­li­a­Si;­

flo­ren­ci­is­res­pub­li­ka­–­me­di­Ce­bis­sam­flo­be­lo­–­Sua­

ita­li­a­Si;­pa­pe­bis­sa­xel­mwi­fo­Sua­da­Crdi­lo­ita­li­a­Si,­

spo­le­to­dan­ra­ve­nam­de­ga­da­Wi­mu­li;­ne­a­po­lis­sa­me­fo­sam-

xreT­ita­li­a­Si­(si­ci­li­i­sa­da­sar­di­ni­is­CaT­vliT);­si­e­ni-

sa­da­lu­kis­sa­qa­la­qo­res­pub­li­ke­bi­tos­ka­na­Si;­man­tu­is,­

fe­ra­risa­da­par­mis­si­ni­o­re­bi­(es­uka­nas­kne­li­1545­wli­dan­sa­her­co­god­iq­ca);­sa­vo­i­is­sa­her­co­go­(1284­wli­dan­pi­a-mon­tes­CaT­vliT);­sa­lu­co­sa­da­mon­fe­ra­tos­mar­ki­za­te­bi...­

eko­no­mi­u­ri,­so­ci­a­lu­ri­Tu­kul­tu­ru­li­gan­vi­Ta­re­bis­

ga­ma­og­ne­be­li­siW­re­le­da­sxva­das­xva­o­ba;­Si­na­aS­li­lo­be-

bis,­dip­lo­ma­ti­u­ri­in­tri­ge­bis,­po­li­ti­ku­ri­avan­tu­re­bis­

war­mo­ud­gen­lad­rTu­li­xlar­Ti­–­ase­Tia­ma­ki­a­ve­lis­dro-

in­de­li­ita­li­u­ri­si­nam­dvi­lis­zo­ga­di­su­ra­Ti.

am­sam­Tav­ro­e­bi­sa­Tu­res­pub­li­ke­bis­sa­Ta­ve­Si­ar­cTu­

iS­vi­a­Tad­dga­nan­Zli­e­ri­da­ute­xi­pi­rov­ne­be­bi,­ro­gorc­

ma­ga­li­Tad,­mi­la­nis­mTav­re­bi­fran­Ces­ko­sfor­ca­(1401-1466)­da­mi­si­Zma­lo­do­vi­ko,­met­sa­xe­lad­mo­ri­(1451-1508),­an­flo­ren­ci­is­mbrZa­neb­eli­–­ko­zi­mo­me­di­Ci­(1448-1492),­rom­le­bic­Ta­vi­an­Ti­gam­Wri­a­xo­bis,­mo­xer­xe­bu­lo­bi­sa­da­

gaq­ni­li­po­li­ti­kis­wya­lo­biT­ig­de­ben­xel­Si­Za­la­uf­le­bas­

da­yo­vel­gva­ri­wi­na­aR­mde­go­bis­mi­u­xe­da­vad,­inar­Cu­ne­ben­

mas.­me­vax­Se­ban­ki­re­bis­oq­ro­(me­di­Ce­bi),­avan­tu­ris­ti­kon-

do­ti­e­re­bis­xma­li­(sfor­ce­bi),­mRvdel­mTav­re­bis­xa­ris­xi­

(bor­jie­bi)­–­yve­la­fe­ri­ga­nur­Cev­lad­xmar­de­ba­sa­nuk­va-

ri­miz­nis­miR­we­vas,­mag­ram­ro­ca­esec­araa­sak­ma­ri­si,­isi-

8mT

avar

i ni­uyoy­ma­nod­mi­mar­Ta­ven­yve­la­ze­bin­Zur­sa­Su­a­le­bebs:­

mzak­vro­bas,­ve­ra­go­bas,­Ra­lats,­sa­wam­lavs,­pro­fe­si­o­nal­

ka­cis­mkvle­lebs,­kon­do­ti­er­Ta­ur­do­ebs,­ucx­o­el­Ta­sam-

xed­ro­Za­las.­ita­li­el­mTa­var­Ta­TiT­qmis­yve­la­sag­va­re-

u­los­sa­mu­da­mo­sir­cxvi­lis­da­Rad­amCnevia­uma­ga­li­To­

si­sas­ti­ke,­si­bil­we­da­mkre­xe­lo­ba,­Za­la­do­ba­ni­da­mkvle-

lo­ba­ni,­sis­xlis­Rvra­Tu­sis­xlis­aR­re­va.­isi­ni­mxo­lod­

erT­kerps­sce­men­Tay­vans:­es­gax­lavT­Za­la,­sa­mar­Tli­a-

no­ba,­pa­ti­os­ne­ba,­qve­Sev­rdom­Ta­Rir­se­bisa­da­uf­le­be­bis­

pa­ti­vis­ce­ma­maT­Tvis­mxo­lod­uaz­ro­da­uSi­na­ar­so­sity­ve-

bi­a.­„Za­la­uf­le­ba­mi­si­bo­ro­tad­ga­mo­ye­ne­bis­ga­re­Se­mTel­

Ta­vis­mom­xib­vle­lo­bas­kar­gavs“,­–­maT­ze­uf­ro­aS­ka­rad­da­

gu­lax­di­lad,­al­baT,­ara­vis­uq­ce­via­Ta­vis­sa­moq­me­do­prin-

ci­pad­am­po­li­ti­ku­ri­for­mu­lis­ur­cxvi­ci­niz­mi.

eris­mTav­rebs­tols­ar­ude­ben,­me­tic,­Ta­vi­an­Ti­sim­dab-

liTa­da­si­bil­wiT­Crdi­la­ven­ki­dec­ma­ki­a­ve­lis­dro­in­de-

li­pa­pe­bi:­„siq­ste­IV­(1471-1484),­ino­ken­ti­VIII­(1484-1492),­aleq­san­dre­VI­(1492-1503),­iu­li­us­II­(1503-1513),­le­on­X­(1513-1521),­ad­ri­a­ne­VI­(1522-1523),­kle­men­te­VII­(1523-1534),­rom­leb­mac­sa­ta­nis­sam­sa­xur­ze­gac­va­les­mRvdel­Tme­u-

fe­ba.­mkre­xe­lo­ba,­Zar­cva-­gle­ja,­Zal­mom­re­o­ba­–­ai,­ma­Ti­

„wmin­da­sa­me­ba“.­gad­mo­ce­miT,­ro­ca­ne­a­po­lis­me­fem­fer­di-

nand­II-m­–­es­igi­ve­es­pa­ne­Tis­me­fe­fer­di­nand­V­ara­go­ne­lia­

(1452-1516),­ro­me­lic­Ta­vis­sa­Si­nao­po­li­ti­ka­Si­ey­rdno-bo­da­Tavissave­in­kvi­zi­ci­as­da­„san­ta­her­man­dads“­(1476)­da­rom­lis­mar­jve­na­xe­lic­iyo­es­pa­ne­Tis­pir­ve­li­„di­di­

in­kvi­zi­to­ri“­tor­ke­ma­da­(1420-1492)­–­di­ax,­ro­ca­am­ve­rag-ma,­sas­tik­ma­da­da­un­do­bel­ma­mbrZa­ne­bel­ma­Se­ity­o,­rom­

pa­pis­tax­tze­aleq­san­dre­VI-is­sa­xe­liT­ay­va­ni­l­iq­na­es­pa-

ne­li­di­de­bu­li­ro­de­ri­go­bor­xa­(i­tal.­bor­ja),­TviT­es­

gul­qva­ka­cic­ki,­ro­mel­sac­Ta­vi­si­Svi­le­bis­dak­rZal­va­zec­

ar­gad­mo­ug­dia­crem­li,­mwa­red­atir­da­Tur­me.­aleq­san-

dre­VI-m­sul­ma­le­da­am­tki­ca,­rom­fer­di­nands­sak­ma­ris­ze­

9ni

kol

o maki

aveli

me­ti­mizezi­hqon­da­sa­tir­lad.­fran­Ces­ko­gvi­Car­di­ni­1529­wels­wer­da:­„me­uf­ro­me­tad,­vid­re­sxva­vin­mes,­me­zizR­e­ba­

mRvdel­mTa­var­Ta­pa­tiv­moy­va­re­o­ba,­an­ga­re­ba­da­gax­rwni­le-

ba,­ara­mar­to­imi­tom,­rom­Ti­Toe­u­li­am­biw­Ta­ga­ni­zizR­is­

Rir­si­a,­ara­med­ami­to­mac,­rom­er­Tad­Tu­cal-cal­ke,­isi­ni­

yve­la­ze­nak­leb­Seh­fe­ris­im­xalxs,­RvTis­rCe­ul­msa­xu­re-

bad­rom­mo­aqvT­Ta­vi...­Ce­mi­sam­sa­xu­reb­ri­vi­mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­

ara­er­Ti­da­ori­pa­pis­gver­diT­yo­vel­Tvis­aR­miZ­rav­da­imis­

sur­vils,­rom­si­di­a­dis­mwver­val­ze­me­xi­la­isi­ni,­vi­na­i­dan­

Ce­mi­sa­ku­Ta­ri­ke­Til­dRe­o­ba­mWid­rod­gax­ldaT­da­kav­Si­re-

bu­li­am­si­di­a­des­Tan.­mag­ram­es­uka­nas­kne­li­rom­ara,­Ce­mi­

Ta­vi­viT­Se­viy­va­reb­di­mar­tin­lu­Ters,­imi­tom­ki­ara,­rom­

Ta­vi­da­mes­xna­im­mo­va­le­o­be­bi­sa­gan,­rom­leb­sac­qris­ti­a­nu-

li­moZR­vre­ba­gva­kis­rebs...,­ara­med­imi­tom,­rom­aram­za­de-

bis­es­xro­va­odes­me­ma­inc­me­xi­la­Ca­ke­ti­li­im­sazR­vreb­Si,­

sa­dac­isi­ni­iZu­le­bul­ni­iq­ne­bod­nen­an­biw­ze­ae­RoT­xe­li,­

an­Ta­vi­anT­pri­vi­le­gi­eb­ze“.1

swo­red­pa­pe­bis­TviT­ne­bo­bam,­uke­Tu­ro­bam­da­aR­vi-

rax­sni­lo­bam­ga­mo­iw­via­mris­xa­ne­sap­ro­tes­to­moZ­ra­o­ba­

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qvey­neb­Si­ac.­„rwme­nis­evan­ge­lu­ri­siw­min­di­saT­vis“­brZo-

lis­dro­Sa­pir­ve­lad­flo­ren­ci­a­Si­aR­mar­Ta­sam­Sob­lo-

sa­da­sar­wmu­no­e­bis­bed­ze­mglo­vi­a­re­pir­quS­ma­me­am­bo­xem­

ji­ro­la­mo­sa­vo­na­ro­lam­(1452-1498),­xo­lo­ev­ro­pel­hu­ma-nis­tTa­jan­yma,­ma­Ti­li­de­re­bis­–­eraz­mus­ro­ter­da­me­li­sa­

(1467-1536)­da­ul­rih­fon­hu­te­nis­(1488-1523)­me­Ta­u­ro­biT,­mniS­vne­lo­van­wi­lad­ga­na­pi­ro­ba­im­po­li­ti­ku­ri­da­re­li-

gi­u­ri­re­vo­lu­ci­is­war­ma­te­ba,­ro­me­lic­„re­for­ma­ci­is“­

sa­xe­li­Taa­cno­bi­li­da­rom­lis­sa­Ta­ve­Sic­id­gnen­mar­tin­

lu­Te­ri­(1483-1546)­da­Jan­kal­vi­ni­(1509-1564).­re­for­ma­ci­am­sa­bo­lo­od­da­am­xo­„pa­pe­bis­spi­ri­tu­a­lu­ri­diq­ta­tu­ra“­da­

1­Я. Буркгардт, Культура Италии в эпоху Возрождения, т. ll, 1906, стр. 206.

10mT

avar

i al­pebs­ga­daR­ma­ga­da­i­ta­na­ara­mar­to­re­li­gi­u­ri­cxov­re-

bis,­ara­med­ev­ro­pu­li­kul­tu­ris­sim­Zi­mis­cen­tric.

qvey­nis­Sig­niT­ga­me­fe­bul­po­li­ti­kur­qa­oss,­ka­non­zo-

mi­er­mov­le­nad­qce­ul­uzur­pa­ci­as,­ga­nuwy­ve­tel­sa­mo­qa-

la­qo­omebs,­mda­bi­o­re­bis­(po­po­la­ne­bis)­Tu­di­de­bu­le­bis­

(no­be­le­bis)­SeT­qmu­le­bebs­da­am­bo­xe­bebs,­kon­do­ti­e­re­bis­

sis­xli­an­Ta­reSs­uSu­a­lo­Se­de­gad­mos­devs­eko­no­mik­u­ri­

kri­zi­si,­sof­lis­me­ur­ne­o­bis­moS­la,­ma­nu­faq­tu­ru­li­war-

mo­e­bis­Sem­ci­re­ba,­sam­rew­ve­lo­ka­pi­ta­lis­Tan­da­Ta­no­biT­

ga­daq­ce­va­sa­vax­So­ka­pi­ta­lad,­sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis­pa­ra­zi­tu­li­

fe­ne­bis­aR­mo­ce­ne­ba,­vaW­ro­bis­daq­ve­i­Te­ba.­yve­la­am­sa­va-

la­lo­pro­cess­uki­du­re­sad­am­Zaf­rebs­ita­li­i­saT­vis­Zal-

ze­ara­xel­say­re­li­sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so­vi­Ta­re­ba:­kon­stan­ti-

no­po­lis­dam­xo­ba­(1453­w.)­da­bi­zan­ti­is­im­pe­ri­is­ad­gi­las­os­ma­le­Tis­dam­kvid­re­ba,­xo­lo­da­sav­leT­ev­ro­pa­Si­Zli-

e­ri­cen­tra­li­ze­bu­li­sa­xel­mwi­fo­e­bis­Seq­mna.­ami­e­ri­dan­

ita­li­as­aR­mo­sav­le­Ti­dan­ga­mud­me­biT­emuq­re­ba­Tur­qe­Ti,­

Crdi­lo­e­Ti­dan­ki­–­saf­ran­ge­Ti,­es­pa­ne­Ti,­ger­ma­ni­a,­Sve­i-

ca­ri­a.­yve­las­an­da­ma­ti­viT­izi­davs­ita­li­is­kri­a­la­ze­ca,­

na­yo­fi­e­ri­vel-min­dvre­bi,­vaW­re­bi­sa­da­ban­ki­re­bis­oq­ro,­

xe­lov­ne­bis­swo­ru­po­va­ri­Se­dev­re­bi.­vin­ga­uS­vebs­xe­li­dan­

eso­den­sa­nuk­var­sa­da,­Ta­nac,­eso­den­ad­vi­lad­da­sa­uf­le-

bel­na­davls?­ra­ki­sxvi­si­dapy­ro­bis­Ta­vi­ara­aqvs,­Tvi­Ton­

un­da­iq­nes­dapy­ro­bi­li­–­ase­Tia­sa­xel­mwi­fo­Ta­ma­Sin­de­li­

ur­Ti­er­To­bis­mglu­ri­ka­no­ni­(Tum­ca­TviT­cne­ba­„mglu­ri“­

uax­le­si­dro­is­kva­li­fi­ka­ci­a­a;­XV-XVI­ss.­sul­sxvag­va­ri­

Tval­Ta­xed­viT­aRiq­vam­dnen­am­faqts:­„dapy­ro­bis­Ji­ni,­–­

wers­ma­ki­a­ve­li,­–­sav­se­biT­bu­neb­ri­vi­da­Cve­u­leb­ri­vi­ram­

gax­lavT;­da­yo­vel­Tvis,­ro­de­sac­am­Jin­saa­ayo­li­li­ka­ci,­

ro­mel­sac­mi­si­dacx­ro­mis­Za­li­Ses­wevs,­mas­ki­ar­gmo­ben,­

ara­med,­pi­ri­qiT,­aqe­ben“1).­„mTe­li­ev­ro­pa­ise­xar­bad­da­

1­ „mTavari“,­T.­III.

11ni

kol

o maki

aveli

da­Ji­ne­biT­mo­i­wev­da­ita­li­is­da­sapy­ro­bad,­ro­gorc­jva-

ros­ne­bi­is­wra­fod­nen­saR­mrTo­om­Si“,­–­Se­niS­navs­pas­ku­a­le­

vi­la­ri1.­pir­ve­li­dam­pyro­be­li­saf­ran­ge­Tis­me­fe­Sarl­

VIII­(1483-1498)­gax­ldaT;­mas­moh­yva­lui­XII-is­(1498-1515),­fran­sua­I-is­(1515-1547),­es­pa­ne­Tis­im­pe­ra­to­ris­kar­los­V-is­(1516-1555),­ger­ma­ni­is­im­pe­ra­to­ris­maq­si­mi­li­a­ne­I-is­(1493-1519)­ga­ma­nad­gu­re­be­li­Se­mo­se­ve­bi.­ita­li­is­ma­Sin-de­li­Tav­kac­ni­aram­cTu­ar­Se­a­kav­Si­ra­ga­re­Se­mtre­bis­

par­paS­ma,­pi­ri­qiT,­ki­dev­uf­ro­ga­Ti­Sa­da­er­Tma­neTs­da­u-

piri­spi­ra:­„me­fe­lui,­–­wers­ma­ki­a­ve­li,­–­ita­li­a­Si­ve­ne­ci-

el­Ta­pa­tiv­moy­va­re­o­bam­mo­iy­va­na,­ro­mel­Tac­sur­daT­mi­si­

Se­mos­vliT­esar­geb­laT­da­na­xe­va­ri­lom­bar­dia­Ca­eg­doT­

xel­Si...­lom­bar­di­is­dapy­ro­bis­Sem­deg­me­fem­da­u­yov­neb­liv­

da­ib­ru­na­is­gav­le­na,­ro­me­lic­Sar­lis­wya­lo­biT­da­kar­ga.­

ge­nua­daT­mo­ba­ze­wa­vi­da;­flo­ren­ci­e­le­bi­me­gob­ru­lad­

amo­ud­gnen­mxar­Si;­man­tu­is­mar­ki­zas,­fe­ra­ris­du­kas,­ben-

ti­vo­li­ebs,­fur­lel­gra­fi­ni­as,­fa­en­cas,­ri­mi­nos,­ka­me­ri-

nos,­pi­om­bi­nos­mbrZa­neb­lebs,­lu­ke­lebs,­pi­ze­lebs,­si­e­ne-

lebs,­–­yve­las­mi­si­me­gob­ro­bis­mopoveba­sur­da­da­ma­Sin­

ve­ne­ci­e­lebs­Se­eZ­loT­Tval­naT­liv­dar­wmu­ne­bu­liy­vnen,­

ra­o­den­Sle­gu­ri­iyo­ma­Ti­ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba:­maT­mxo­lod­

lom­bar­di­is­ori­ol­qis­xel­Si­Cag­de­ba­sur­daT,­da­ita­li­is­

ori­me­sa­me­dis­mbrZa­neb­lad­ki­aq­ci­es­me­fe!“2

yo­ve­li­ve­amis­Sem­deg­sav­se­biT­bu­neb­ri­vi­a,­rom­ag­re­sor-

Ta­Se­mo­se­ve­bi­–­e.­w.­„i­ta­li­is­ome­bi“­(1494-1559)­ape­ni­nis­na­xe-var­kun­Zu­lis­sru­li­kra­xiT,­mi­si­po­li­ti­ku­ri­pres­ti­Jis,­

eko­no­mi­ku­ri­da­sam­xed­ro­Zli­e­re­bis­sa­bo­loo­Se­mus­vriT­

dag­vir­gvin­da.­es­iyo­„mi­u­te­ve­be­li­sir­cxvi­li“,­udi­de­si­

na­ci­o­na­lu­ri­ka­tas­tro­fa,­ra­mac­ev­ro­pis­yve­la­ze­mo­wi-

na­ve­qve­ya­na­mok­le­xan­Si­me­o­re­xa­ris­xo­van­sa­xel­mwi­fod,­

1­ П. Виллари, Джироламо Савонарола и его время, Т. I, СПБ., 1913, стр. 153.2­ „mTavari“,­T.­III.

12mT

avar

i da­be­Ca­ve­bul­ko­lo­ni­ad­aq­ci­a,­ro­mel­mac­Sem­dgom­mTe­li­

ora­si­wlis­man­Zil­ze­ve­Rar­da­aR­wia­Ta­vi­ucx­o­el­Ta­ba­to-

no­bis­uRels.­ase­Tia­XV-XVI­ss.­ita­li­is­tra­ge­di­a,­sis­xli­a-

ni­dra­ma,­ro­me­lic­uSu­a­lod­un­da­ga­ne­ca­da­da­ro­mel­Si­ac­

mi­li­o­no­biT­Tval­sa­Ci­no­Tu­uCi­no­Ta­na­me­ma­mu­les­Tan­er­Tad­

Ta­vi­si­ro­li­un­da­Se­es­ru­le­bi­na­„mTav­ris“­av­tors...

ni­ko­lo­ma­ki­a­ve­li­da­i­ba­da­1469­wlis­3­ma­iss,­flo­ren-ci­a­Si,­ber­nar­do­ma­ki­a­ve­li­sa­da­bar­to­lo­mea­di­ste­fa­no­

dei­ne­lis­ojax­Si.­ma­ki­a­ve­le­bis­sa­xe­lo­va­ni­sag­va­re­u­lo,­

ro­mel­mac­flo­ren­ci­is­res­pub­li­kas­sxva­das­xva­dros­mis-

ca­ca­me­ti­gon­fa­lo­ni­e­ri­da­or­moc­da­ca­me­ti­pri­o­ri,­jer­

ki­dev­IX­sa­u­ku­ne­Si­vrcel­ma­mu­lebs­flob­da­val­de­gre­ve-

sa­da­val­de­pe­za­Si,­flo­ren­ci­is­max­lob­lad.­mag­ram­Sem-

deg­ma­ki­a­ve­leb­ma­Tan­da­Ta­no­biT­da­kar­ges­Zve­li­gav­le­na­

da­ber­nar­do­ma­ki­a­ve­li­mxo­lod­da­mxo­lod­sa­sa­mar­Tlos­

wvri­li­mo­xe­le­gax­ldaT.­mi­si­me­uR­le­–­bar­to­lo­mea­di­

ste­fa­no­RvTis­mo­sa­vi­qa­li­iyo.­uy­var­da­mu­si­ka­da­po­e-

zi­a.­xel­mok­le­o­bis­mi­u­xe­da­vad,­mSob­leb­ma­SeZles­sa­fuZ-

vli­a­ni­pir­vel­dawy­e­bi­Ti­ga­naT­le­ba­mi­e­caT­Svi­li­saT­vis.­

pa­ta­ra­ni­ko­lo­gul­mod­gi­ned­swav­lobs­we­ra-­kiTx­va­sa­da­

ariT­me­ti­kas.­Tor­me­ti­wli­sa­uk­ve­la­Ti­nu­rad­wers­Txzu-

le­bebs­pa­o­lo­ron­Ci­li­o­nes­sko­la­Si.­si­Wa­bu­ke­Si­war­ma­te-

biT­euf­le­ba­iu­ri­di­u­li­da­eko­no­mik­u­ri­mec­ni­e­re­be­bis­

sa­fuZ­vlebs­da­ima­ve­dros,­xar­bad­ewa­fe­ba­Zvel­ber­Znul,­

ro­ma­ul­da­ita­li­ur­mwer­lo­bas,­fi­lo­so­fi­as,­is­to­ri­og-

ra­fi­as:­pla­to­ni­da­aris­to­te­le,­Tu­ki­di­de­da­po­li­bi­o­si,­

ci­ce­ro­ni­da­pli­ni­u­si,­plu­tar­qe­da­ti­tus­li­vi­u­si,­dan­te­

da­pet­rar­ka­–­ai,­mi­si­usay­var­le­si­av­to­re­bi,­rom­leb­sac­

si­cocx­lis­uka­nas­knel­dRe­e­bam­de­Ta­vis­brZen­mrCev­le­bad­

da­mas­wav­leb­le­bad­Tvlis.­am­mxriv,­mi­si­gan­swav­lu­lo­ba­

Ta­vi­si­dro­is­did­hu­ma­nis­tTa­eru­di­ci­is­do­ne­ze­dgas.

1494­wels­ita­li­a­Si­Se­moW­ril­Sarl­VIII-s­flo­ren­ci­is­

13ni

kol

o maki

aveli

ma­Sin­del­ma­mTa­var­ma­–­lo­ren­co­di­de­bu­lis­Zem,­pi­e­ro­

me­di­Cim­(1471-1503)­–­ub­rZol­ve­lad­da­uT­mo­ram­de­ni­me­ci­xe-­si­mag­re,­ra­mac­sa­yo­vel­Tao­aR­Sfo­Te­ba­ga­mo­iw­via­mis­qve-

Sev­rdom­Ta­So­ris.­uni­a­To­mTa­va­ri­sam­Sob­los­mo­Ra­la­ted­

ga­mo­acx­a­des­da­mTe­li­Ta­vi­si­oja­xi­TurT­flo­ren­ci­i­dan­

gan­dev­nes.­mo­qa­la­qe­Ta­er­Tsu­lo­va­ni­ne­ba-­sur­vi­liT­aR­dge-

nil­iq­na­res­pub­li­ka,­rom­lis­gon­fa­lo­ni­e­ra­dac­pi­et­ro­

so­de­ri­ni­(1456-153)­air­Ci­es.­1498­wlis­19­iv­niss­ma­ki­a­ve­lim­xmaTa­um­rav­le­so­biT­ga­i­mar­jva­kon­kur­sSi­da­„di­di­sab­Wos“­

dek­re­tiT­da­niS­nul­iq­na­res­pub­li­kis­me­o­re­sam­div­nos­kan-

cle­rad.­es­iyo­­mniS­vne­lo­va­ni­Ta­nam­de­bo­ba.­flo­ren­ci­is­

sa­xel­mwi­fo­mar­Tva-­gam­ge­o­bis­struq­tu­ra­or­sam­div­nos,­

anu­kan­ce­la­ri­as­iT­va­lis­wi­neb­da:­si­ni­or­Ta­sam­div­nos­da­

mi­sad­mi­daq­vem­de­ba­re­bul­me­o­re­kan­ce­la­ri­as.­pir­ve­li,­

res­pub­li­kis­kan­cle­ris­me­Ta­u­ro­biT,­ga­na­geb­da­sa­ga­reo­

po­li­ti­kis­sa­kiTx­ebs,­me­o­ris­iu­ris­diq­cia­ki­sa­xel­mwi­fos­

sa­Si­nao­saq­me­e­biT­Se­mo­i­far­gle­bo­da.­mag­ram­ra­ki­ima­ve­wlis­

14­iv­liss­ma­ki­a­ve­li­ar­Ce­ul­iq­na­e.­w.­„aT­Ta­sab­Wos“­mdiv­na-dac,­mi­si­kom­pe­ten­cia­sam­xed­ro­saq­mis­or­ga­ni­za­ci­a­sa­da­

sa­ga­reo­po­li­ti­kis­prob­le­meb­ze­dac­gav­rcel­da.

TxuT­me­ti­we­li­em­sa­xu­ra­ma­ki­a­ve­li­res­pub­li­kas­kan-

cle­ris­pos­tze.­am­xnis­gan­mav­lo­ba­Si­man­da­we­ra­oTxi­aTas-

ze­me­ti­we­ri­li­da­mox­se­ne­bi­Ti­ba­ra­Ti,­uam­ra­vi­ka­non­pro-

eq­ti,­ad­mi­nis­tra­ci­u­li­gan­kar­gu­le­ba,­sam­xed­ro­brZa­ne­ba;­

ki­diT-ki­dem­de­Se­mo­i­a­ra­TiT­qmis­mTe­li­ita­li­a,­oc­da-

sam­jer­iyo­sazR­var­ga­reT:­res­pub­li­ka­sa­gan­ge­bo­dip­lo-

ma­ti­u­ri­mi­si­iT­gzav­ni­da­mas­ita­li­e­li­mTav­re­bis,­ro­mis­

pa­pis,­saf­ran­ge­Tis­me­fis,­ger­ma­ni­is­im­pe­ra­to­ris­kar­ze.­

„flo­ren­ci­is­kan­cle­ri­sa­da­mo­qa­la­qis“­wi­na­Se­ga­daS­li­li­

iyo­qa­o­tu­rad­Wre­li­sam­ya­ro­–­mi­si­ana­li­ti­ku­ri­go­ne­bis,­

gam­Wri­a­xi­mze­ri­sa­da­mkac­ri­lo­gi­ki­saT­vis­er­Ta­der­Ti­

sa­in­te­re­so­obi­eq­ti.­ma­ki­a­ve­li­Se­u­ne­le­be­li­yu­radR­e­biT­

ak­vir­de­bo­da,­swav­lob­da,­ik­vlev­da­so­ci­a­lur-po­li­ti-

14mT

avar

i ku­ri­or­ga­ni­za­ci­is­sxva­das­xva­for­mas,­maT­ar­se­biT­ni­San-

Tvi­se­bebs,­sa­xel­mwi­fo­e­bis­eko­no­mi­kur­sa­fuZ­vlebs,­ka­non-

mdeb­lo­bas,­xe­li­suf­le­bis­or­ga­no­ebs,­mTav­re­bis,­pa­pe­bisa­

Tu­mo­nar­qe­bis­sa­sax­lis­ka­ris­cxov­re­bas,­ku­li­seb­smiR­mur­

in­tri­gebs,­dip­lo­ma­tiur­xri­kebs,­po­li­ti­ku­ri­par­ti­e-

bi­sa­da­daj­gu­fe­be­bis­fa­rul­sa­Tu­aS­ka­ra­brZo­lebs,­mxe-

dar­TmTav­re­bis­stra­te­gi­asa­da­taq­ti­kas,­ar­mi­e­bis­brZo-

li­su­na­ri­a­no­bas,­sam­xed­ro­teq­ni­kas,­xal­xis­ma­se­bi­sa­da­

sa­xel­mwi­fo­moR­va­we­e­bis­qce­vas­omi­sa­Tu­mSvi­do­bis­dros,­

is­to­ri­u­li­ka­tak­liz­me­bis­bu­ne­bas,­er­Ti­sity­viT,­TiT­qmis­

yve­la­fers,­ra­sac­eso­den­ux­vad­sTa­va­zob­da­ma­Sin­de­li­

ev­ro­pis­so­ci­a­lur-po­li­ti­ku­ri­vi­Ta­re­ba.

praq­ti­ku­li­po­li­ti­kis­prob­le­me­bis­kvle­vi­sas­ma­ki­a-

ve­lis­yu­radR­e­bis­cen­trSi­yo­vel­Tvis­id­gnen­Zli­er­ni­ama­

qvey­ni­sa­ni.­am­mxriv,­ni­San­dob­li­via­mi­si­in­struq­cia­es­pa­ne-

Tis­im­pe­ra­to­ris,­kar­los­V-is­kar­ze­flo­ren­ci­is­res­pub-

li­kis­el­Cis­–­ra­fa­e­lo­ji­ro­la­mi­sad­mi:­„...u­wi­na­res­yov-

li­sa,­Tqven­un­da­Se­is­wav­loT­im­pe­ra­to­ris­xa­si­a­Ti:­Tvi­Ton­

mar­Tavs­sa­xel­mwi­fos­Tu­sxvebs­an­dobs­mis­mar­Tvas,­Zun­wia­

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Zli­e­ria­mas­Si:­pa­tiv­moy­va­re­o­ba­Tu­ra­i­me­sxva­vne­ba,­pa­ti-

vis­ce­miT­sar­geb­lobs­Tu­ara­Ta­vis­qve­Sev­rdom­Ta­So­ris,­

ra­na­i­ri­mrCev­le­bi­ax­ve­via­gars,­ra­surT­am­mrCev­lebs:­

axal-a­xa­li­ome­bis­Tvis­aqe­ze­ben­Tu­ur­Ce­ven,­isar­geb­los­

Ta­vi­si­ax­lan­de­li­mdgo­ma­re­o­biT,­rac­eso­den­xel­say­re­lia­

mis­Tvis?­Tqven­un­da­da­uk­vir­deT­ag­reT­ve­im­pe­ra­to­ri­sa-

gan­gan­ker­Zo­e­biT­mcxov­re­bi­ba­ro­ne­bi­sa­da­di­de­bu­le­bis­

gan­wyo­bi­le­bas,­ga­i­goT,­di­dia­Tu­ara­ma­Ti­gav­le­na­da­Zli­e-

re­ba,­kma­yo­fil­ni­ari­an­Tu­ara­im­pe­ra­to­riT,­an­da,­Tu­uk­ma-

yo­fi­lo­ni­ari­an,­ra­gziT­Se­uZ­li­aT­av­non­mas,­da­Se­uZ­lia­Tu­

ara­saf­ran­geTs­ma­Ti­mos­yid­va­da­ga­da­bi­re­ba?“1

1­ А. С. Алексеев, Макиавелли, М., 1880, стр. 125.

15ni

kol

o maki

aveli

Ta­vis­dip­lo­ma­ti­ur­moR­va­we­o­ba­Si­ma­ki­a­ve­li­pi­ra­dad­

iye­neb­da­im­we­sebs,­rom­leb­sac­sa­xel­mZRva­ne­lo­prin­ci­pad­

usa­xavs­ji­ro­la­mis.­amis­ni­mu­Sia­im­pe­ra­tor­maq­si­mi­li­a­ne­

l-sa­Tu­Ce­za­re­bor­jas­mi­se­u­li­da­xa­si­a­Te­ba­ni1,­rom­leb-

Si­ac­az­ris­sicx­a­de­da­gam­Wri­a­xo­ba­uSu­a­lod­er­wymis­mov-

le­ne­bis­ar­sSi­ueb­ro­wvdo­mis­unar­sa­da­ada­mi­a­nis­fsi­qi­kis­

Rrma­cod­nas.­po­li­ti­ku­ri­moR­va­we­o­bis­sfe­ro,­ma­ki­a­ve­lis­

Tval­saz­ri­siT,­eTi­kis­ide­a­lu­ri­sam­ya­ro­ki­ar­aris,­ara-

med­re­a­lu­ri,­dro­i­sa­da­siv­rcis­kon­kre­tul­pi­ro­beb-

Si­ar­se­bu­li,­cocx­a­li,­di­na­mi­u­ri­da­er­TTa­vad­cvla­di­

si­nam­dvi­le.­sa­xel­mwi­fos­mar­Tvis­xe­lov­ne­ba­gu­lis­xmobs­

msof­li­os­ma­moZ­ra­ve­be­li­ur­Ti­er­Tmo­qiS­pe­an­ta­go­nis­tu-

ri­Za­le­bis­ga­ge­bas,­ma­Ti­fa­ru­li­me­qa­niz­mis­cod­na­sa­da­

re­gu­li­re­bas.­sa­xel­mwi­fo­moR­va­we­–­esaa­ka­ci,­ro­mel­sac­

Se­uZ­lia­awon-da­wo­nos­es­Za­le­bi,­da­i­ur­vos­da­sa­ku­Tar­

miz­nebs­mi­u­sa­da­gos­isi­ni.­swo­red­am­is­to­ri­ul­Zal­Ta­

Ta­na­far­do­ba­gan­sazR­vravs­xal­xe­bis­si­di­a­de­sa­Tu­sve­dav-

si­lo­bas,­sa­xel­mwi­fo­Ta­aR­ze­ve­ba­sa­Tu­da­ce­mas­da­ara­Cve­ni­

pla­ne­tis­„sa­Si­nao­saq­me­eb­Si“­be­dis­we­ri­sa­Tu­ra­i­me­sxva­

mis­ti­u­ri­da­ze­bu­neb­ri­vi­Za­lis­uSu­a­lo­Ca­re­va...­ma­ki­a­ve­li­

gul­das­miT­ak­vir­de­bo­da­da­swav­lob­da­ara­mar­to­cal­ke-

ul­sa­xel­mwi­fo­moR­va­we­Ta­pi­rov­ne­bas,­xa­si­aT­sa­da­bu­ne­bas,­

ara­med­mTe­li­sa­xel­mwi­fo­e­bis­wyo­bi­le­bas,­ma­Ti­gan­vi­Ta-

re­bis­eta­pebsa­da­Ta­vi­se­bu­re­bas.­ase­da­i­we­ra­mi­si­Sro­me-

bi:­„fran­gul­saq­me­Ta­su­ra­Ti“,­„fran­ge­bis­bu­ne­bi­saT­vis“­

(1503-1510),­„mox­se­ne­ba­ger­ma­ni­is­saq­me­Ta­mdgo­ma­re­o­bi­s­Sesaxeb“,­„msje­lo­ba­ger­ma­ni­is­saq­me­Ta­ga­mo“,­„ger­ma­nul­

saq­me­Ta­su­ra­Ti“­(1508-1510),­rom­leb­Si­ac­mo­ce­mu­lia­ger-ma­ni­is­im­pe­ri­i­sa­da­saf­ran­ge­Tis­sa­me­fos­po­li­ti­ku­ri­Tu­

eko­no­mi­u­ri­vi­Ta­re­bis,­ma­Ti­kul­tu­ris,­sa­xel­mwi­fo­eb­ri­vi­

in­sti­tu­te­bis,­sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi­struq­tu­ris,­mo­sax­le­o­bis­

1­ Rapporto della Cose della Magna fatto questo di 17 giugno 1508 Legatione XX at duca Valen-tino; werilebi – 27, X, 3, XI, 26, XII, 1502.

16mT

avar

i zne-­Cve­u­le­be­bis­zus­ti­da­obi­eq­tu­ri­ana­li­zi.­„ma­ki­a­ve-

li,­–­wers­i.­bur­khar­dti,­–­ram­de­ni­me­mniS­vne­lo­van­na­war-

mo­eb­Si­gvTa­va­zobs­ger­ma­ni­i­sa­da­saf­ran­ge­Tis­po­li­ti­ku­ri­

mdgo­ma­re­o­bi­sa­da­xe­lov­ne­bis­iseT­zust­asax­vas,­rom­am­

qvey­ne­bis­mkvid­ri,­ra­gind­kar­ga­dac­un­da­ic­nob­des­Ta­vi­si­

sam­Sob­los­is­to­ri­as,­brZe­ni­flo­ren­ci­e­lis­mad­lo­be­li­

un­da­iyos­mi­si­na­Te­li­az­re­bi­saT­vis“1.

ma­ki­a­ve­lis­po­li­ti­ku­ri­traq­ta­te­bis­kiTx­vi­sas,­Cvens­

gan­cvif­re­bas­iw­vevs­ara­im­de­nad­mkac­ri­lo­gi­ka,­mov­le­ne­bis­

amom­wu­ra­vi­ana­li­zi,­obi­eq­tu­ro­ba,­gul­wrfe­lo­ba,­mi­u­ker-

Zo­eb­lo­ba,­ram­de­na­dac­mZaf­ri­da­bo­bo­qa­ri­vne­ba,­ro­mel­sac­

dak­vir­ve­bu­li­Tva­li­Zal­da­u­ta­neb­lad­aR­mo­a­Cens­mi­si­mSra-

li,­saq­mi­a­ni­da­la­pi­da­ru­li­stri­qo­ne­bis­miR­ma,­mi­si­cal-

ke­u­li­pa­sa­Je­bis­qve­teq­stSi.­Cven­Tval­win­Tan­da­Ta­no­biT­

ik­ve­Te­ba­ka­ci,­ro­me­lic­po­li­ti­kiT­cocx­lobs,­po­li­ti­kiT­

sul­dgmu­lobs­da­po­li­ti­ka­Si­ve­xe­davs­Ta­vi­si­am­qvey­ni­u­ri­

ar­se­bo­bis­er­Ta­derT­azrsa­da­da­niS­nu­le­bas.­di­ax,­po­li­ti-

ka­mis­Tvis­„a­zar­tu­li­Ta­ma­Si“­ki­ar­aris,­ara­med­TviT­dam-

kvid­re­bis­ise­Ti­ve­sa­Su­a­le­ba,­ro­goric,­vTqvaT,­mi­qe­lan-

je­lo­saT­vis­–­mar­ma­ri­los­„civ­sa­da­ul­mo­bel­lod­Tan“­

Tav­gan­wi­ru­li­Wi­di­li,­an­le­o­nar­do­saT­vis­–­„ja­doq­ru­li­

xib­liT­mo­Ri­ma­ri­bu­ne­bis“­idu­ma­le­ba­Ta­kvle­va.

mag­ram­mar­to­o­den­po­li­ti­kas­ro­di­ekuT­vno­da­ma­ki­a­ve-

lis­gu­li­da­go­ne­ba,­mi­si­vne­ba­da­ne­ba.­is­aR­mer­Teb­da,­mTe-

li­ar­se­biT­Tay­vans­scem­da­ki­dev­uf­ro­di­ad­kerps­–­Ta­vis­

wmin­da­Ta-­wmi­nda­ma­muls,­Ta­vis­mra­val­tan­jul­sam­Sob­los.­

da­es­ma­Sin,­ro­ca­Zal­ze­co­tas­Tu­adar­deb­da­„ga­nad­gu­re-

bu­li,­ga­par­ta­xe­bu­li,­ga­Zar­cu­li,­fex­qveS­ga­Te­li­li,­Tav-

laf­das­xmu­li­da­mi­was­Tan­gas­wo­re­bu­li“­ita­li­is­be­di“2.­

ada­mi­a­nis­Za­le­bis­aS­ka­rad­ara­Ta­na­zo­ma­di­ka­tas­tro­fiT­

1­ Rapporto della Cose della Magna fatto questo di 17 giugno 1508 Legatione XX at duca Valen-tino.­gv.­62.

2­ „mTavari“,­T.­XXVI.

17ni

kol

o maki

aveli

ga­og­ne­bu­li­su­li,­koS­ma­ru­li­si­nam­dvi­lis­wi­na­Se­pi­ris­pir­

dgo­miT­SeZ­rwu­ne­bu­li­cno­bi­e­re­ba­ga­mo­sa­vals­an­re­a­lo­bi-

sa­gan­gan­ye­ne­bul­mis­ti­ciz­msa­Tu­Sua­sa­u­ku­ne­e­bis­dro­moW-

mul­in­sti­tut­Ta­res­tav­ri­re­ba­Si­xe­dav­da­(sa­vo­na­ro­la­da­

mi­si­mim­dev­re­bi),­an­he­do­niz­mSi,­ci­niz­msa­Tu­ni­hi­liz­mSi.

mi­la­nis­her­co­gi,­lo­do­vi­ko­mo­ro,­wmin­da­fiq­ci­ad,­

Si­na­ar­si­sa­gan­dac­lil­ter­mi­nad­mi­iC­nev­da­TviT­ar­se­biT­

sa­xels­„i­ta­li­a“­da­Tvli­da,­rom­si­nam­dvi­le­Si­mas­ara­fe­ri­

ar­Se­e­sa­ba­me­ba1.­Zli­er­ni­ama­qvey­ni­sa­ni­er­Ti­me­o­res­Cri-

di­la­ven­war­mo­ud­ge­ne­li­fu­fu­ne­biT,­zar-ze­i­miT,­sadR­e-

sas­wa­u­lo­mej­li­se­biT,­Tav­bru­dam­xve­vi­mas­ka­ra­de­bi­Ta­Tu­

kar­na­va­le­biT.­ano­ma­li­u­ri­siS­le­giT­Tro­ba­Ta­vis­apo­ge­as­

aR­wevs.­eris­mTav­re­bi,­mRvdel­TmTav­re­bi,­mwer­le­bi,­mxat-

vre­bi­(ro­men­ro­lans­ac­vif­rebs­TviT­le­o­nar­dos­„i­ro-

ni­u­li­gul­gri­lo­ba“2­sam­Sob­los­be­dis­mi­marT),­po­e­te­bi,­

fi­lo­so­fo­se­bi­TiT­qos­er­Tma­neTs­ejib­re­bi­an,­vin­uf­ro­

mar­jved­„da­iv­sebs­Tvals­da­da­ix­Sobs­yurs“,­vin­uf­ro­

os­ta­tu­rad­da­us­xlte­ba­da­mxars­auq­cevs­ukuR­mar­Ti­

dro­is­yve­la­ze­mtkiv­ne­ul­da­sa­Wir­bo­ro­to­prob­le­mebs,­

ube­du­ri­qvey­nis­uricxv­sat­ki­vars.­„i­ta­li­a­Si­par­pa­Seb­da­

Sarl­VIII,­pi­e­ro­dei­me­di­Ci­da­frid­rix­ara­go­ne­li­ki­Ta­vi-

an­Ti­sa­mij­nu­ro­Tav­ga­da­sav­le­bis­aR­we­riT­iq­cev­dnen­Tavs­

(Za­la­u­ne­bu­rad­gax­sen­de­ba­Cve­ni­„var­d-bul­bu­li­a­ne­bi“­da­

„le­il-maj­nu­ni­a­ne­bi“­–­b.­b.),­xo­lo­„siy­va­ru­lis­msxver-

pli“­kar­di­na­li­bi­bi­e­na­da­bem­bo­ox­vriT­av­seb­dnen­epis-

to­le­ebs­–­er­Ti­wer­da­„a­Zo­la­nis“,­me­o­re­–­„ka­lan­dri­as“3.­

TviT­di­di­lo­do­vi­ko­ari­os­toc­ki­am­dros­ko­me­di­e­bi­sa­

da­pet­rar­kas­gav­le­niT­aR­beW­di­li­kan­co­ne­bis­Txzvi­Taa­

gar­Tu­li;­mis­upir­ve­les­saz­ru­na­vad­kvlav­rCe­ba­da­mo­ki-

1­ b.­bregvaZe,­miqelanjelos­poezia,­Tbilisi,­1979,­gv.­46.

2 iqve,­gv.­45.

3­ Ф. Де Санктис, История итальянской литературы, т. II, М., 1964, стр. 122.

18mT

avar

i de­bu­le­ba­fe­ra­ris­sa­sax­lis­kar­Tan,­sa­mij­nu­ro­in­tri­ge­bi,­

TviT­gan­di­de­ba,­pi­ra­di­in­te­re­se­bi.­da­bo­los,­yve­la­fers­

ag­vir­gvi­nebs­in­te­leq­tu­a­lu­ri­sam­ya­ros­WeS­ma­ri­ti­kon-

do­ti­e­ris,­San­ta­Jis­ti­sa­da­avan­tu­ris­tis­pi­et­ro­are­ti-

nos­aR­vi­rax­sni­li­ci­niz­mi,­mi­si­wre­ga­da­su­li­uxam­so­ba­da­

utif­ro­ba,­mi­si­sar­kas­tu­li,­bil­wi­qir­qi­li.

am­mxriv,­verc­ma­ki­a­ve­lim­da­aR­wia­Ta­vi­epo­qis­sa­er­To­

gan­wyo­bi­le­bas­da­fri­vo­lu­ri­ko­me­di­iT­„man­dra­go­ra“­

xar­ki­mi­uzRa­mas.­mag­ram­es­iyo­mxo­lod­bo­bo­qa­ri­mov­le-

ne­bis­mo­rev­Si­dan­Tqmu­li,­xal­xmra­val­udab­no­Si­una­yo­fo­

Ra­Ra­di­siT­daR­li­li­su­lis­wa­mi­e­ri­re­aq­ci­a,­amao­jan­yi­

sa­ku­Ta­ri­gan­ker­Zo­e­bis,­TviT­sa­ku­Ta­ri­Ta­vis­wi­na­aR­mdeg.­

mi­si­in­di­vi­du­a­lo­ba­da­mi­si­ne­ba­di­di­xniT­ver­Se­e­gu­e­bo­da­

da­aki­verc­Se­e­gua­am­TviT­gan­dgo­mas1.­is­kvla­vin­de­bu­rad­

tkbe­ba­Ta­vi­si­in­te­leq­tu­a­lu­ri­Zal­mo­si­le­bis­Seg­ne­bi­Ta­

da­Ta­vi­si­po­zi­ci­is­sis­wo­riT,­rom­lis­Se­u­va­lo­ba­sac­ise-

Ti­ve­Tav­ga­mo­de­biT­icavs,­ro­gorc­ci­xis­Ta­vi­–­al­ya­Se­mor-

tymul­ci­xe-­si­mag­res.­am­po­zi­ci­is­si­maR­li­dan­ki,­ro­gorc­

xe­lis­gul­ze,­ise­mo­Cans­fex­qveS­ga­Te­li­li­qvey­nis­dra­ma,­

xer­xe­mal­ga­dam­sxvre­u­li­xal­xis­ubad­ru­ki,­uRim­Ra­mo­da­

usa­xo­yo­fa:­„e­ni­sa­Tu­Cve­u­le­be­bis­sfe­ro­Si,­pi­rad­sa­Tu­

sa­zo­ga­do­eb­riv­cxov­re­ba­Si­yve­la­mis­dev­da­brZnul­wess­

–­Tval­Tmaq­co­ba­sa­da­si­yal­bes,­rac­uki­du­re­si­uz­ne­o­bis­

sa­Ta­ved­iq­ca,­yo­vel­gva­ri­mniS­vne­lo­ba­da­u­kar­ga­si­ni­diss,­

xo­lo­si­cocx­les­–­yo­vel­gva­ri­Rir­se­ba.­ur­wmu­no,­skep-

ti­ku­rad­gan­wyo­bi­li­ga­naT­le­bu­li­kla­se­bi­ise­ve­ad­vi-

lad­Se­e­gu­en­am­Se­niR­bul­cxov­re­bas,­ro­gorc­ucx­o­el­Ta­

1­ „mandragora“­ makiavelis­ SemoqmedebaSi­ epizodur­ movlenad­ darCa;­ iseve­

rogorc­ misi­ adreuli­ nawarmoebebi:­ „aTwleuli“,­ „oqros­ viri“,­ „SemTx-

veviTobisaTvis“,­ „bediswerisaTvis“,­ „umadurebisaTvis“,­ „pativmoyva-

reobisaTvis“,­ sakarnavalo­ simRerebi,­ stansebi,­ serenadebi,­ sonetebi,­

kanconebi,­ romlebic,­ calkeul­ pasaJTa­ momxibvlelobis­ miuxedavad,­

literaturul­asparezze­Wabukur­TviTwvrTnad­unda­iqnes­miCneuli­da­

romlebSiac­makiaveli­kritikosad­ufro­gvevlineba,­vidre­poetad.

19ni

kol

o maki

aveli

ba­to­no­bis­uRels.­mda­bi­or­Ta­ma­se­bi­ki­ne­ta­ri­umec­re­bis­

bu­rus­Si­iy­vnen­dan­Tqmul­ni,­rac­ase­ri­gad­xels­aZ­lev­da­

pri­vi­le­gi­re­bul­kla­sebs“1.

mTvle­ma­re­si­ni­di­si­da­daT­rgun­vi­li­ne­ba­Zal­ze­mwi­ri­

ni­a­da­gi­iyo­na­ci­o­na­lu­ri­TviT­Seg­ne­bis­ga­saR­vi­veb­lad.­

ita­li­e­lebs­ar­ga­aC­ndaT­arc­Rir­se­u­li­mi­za­ni,­arc­moq-

me­de­bis­gansazRvruli­prog­ra­ma.­Ta­vis­um­did­res­pi­rad­

gamocdilebaze­day­rdno­biT,­mxo­lod­ma­ki­a­ve­lim­SeZlo­

Ca­e­go­ne­bi­na­Ta­na­me­ma­mu­le­e­bi­saT­vis,­rom­sa­o­mar­war­ma­te-

bas­ga­na­pi­ro­be­bs­ara­mar­to­fu­li,­mi­u­va­li­ci­xe­si­mag­re­e­bi,­

sam­xed­ro­teq­ni­ka­da­kar­gad­gaw­vrTni­li­laS­qa­ri,­ara­med­

mo­ra­lu­ri­Za­le­bic­–­pat­ri­o­tiz­mi­da­su­lis­dis­cip­li­na;­

mxo­lod­ma­ki­a­ve­lim­ga­be­da­Tva­li­ga­es­wo­re­bi­na­unu­ge­So­da­

usi­xa­ru­lo­si­nam­dvi­li­saT­vis,­pi­ruT­vne­lad­ga­ne­sa­ja­ita-

li­is­da­ce­mis­sa­va­la­lo­su­ra­Ti­da­Ta­vi­si­Ta­na­med­ro­ve­e­bis­

kom­pro­mi­su­li­da­kos­mo­po­li­tu­ri­gan­wyo­bi­le­bis­sa­pi­ris-

pi­rod­Ca­mo­e­ya­li­be­bi­na­sa­ku­Ta­ri­pat­ri­o­tu­li­kon­cef­ci­a,­

ro­mel­Si­ac­sam­Sob­los­cne­bas­sru­li­ad­uC­ve­u­lo­mniS­vne-

lo­ba­da­gan­zo­mi­le­ba­eni­We­ba:­„ma­ki­a­ve­li­er­Tgvar­RvTa-

e­bad­sa­xavs­sam­Sob­los:­is­mo­ral­sa­da­ka­non­ze­dac­umaR-

le­si­a.­msgav­sad­imi­sa,­ro­gorc­as­ke­te­bis­Rmer­Ti­nTqav­da­

pi­rov­ne­bas,­msgav­sad­imi­sa,­ro­gorc­in­kvi­zi­to­re­bi­RvTis­

sa­xe­liT­ko­con­ze­wvav­dnen­mwva­leb­lebs,­ma­ki­a­ve­lis­Tval-

saz­ri­siT,­sam­Sob­los­gu­li­saT­vis­yve­la­fe­ri­da­saS­ve­bi­a:­

is,­rac­da­na­Sa­u­lad­iT­vle­ba­ker­Zo­cxov­re­ba­Si,­sa­zo­ga­do-

eb­riv­cxov­re­ba­Si­uze­na­e­si­qe­bis­Rir­si­a...­Rmer­Ti­ze­ci­dan­

mi­wa­ze­Ca­mo­vi­da­da­sam­Sob­lo­da­er­qva,­da­is­uwin­de­bu­rad­

Si­Sis­zars­scem­da­ada­mi­a­nebs.­mi­si­ne­ba,­mi­si­in­te­re­se­bi,­ai,­

ra­gax­ldaT­uze­na­e­si­ka­no­ni“2.

am­ri­gad,­er­Ti­uki­du­re­so­ba­me­o­re­uki­du­re­so­bis­sa­Ta-

1­ franCesko­de­sanktisi,­dasax.­naSr.­gv.­182.

2­ iqve,­gv.­86.

20mT

avar

i ved­iq­ca,­eris­mTav­re­bi­sa­da­su­li­e­ri­cxov­re­bis­he­ge­mon­Ta­

an­ti­e­rov­nul­ma­ten­den­ci­am­da­sa­ba­mi­da­u­do­sa­xel­mwi­fos­

ab­so­lu­ti­za­ci­as,­sam­Sob­los­gaR­mer­Te­bas.­mag­ram­am­gan-

RmrTo­bil­ma­sam­Sob­lom,­Ta­vis­mxriv,­yve­la­fe­ri­STan­Tqa,­

ro­gorc­de­is­te­bis­Rmer­Tma­–­bu­ne­ba.­ma­ki­a­ve­li­Ta­vi­si­mra-

val­tan­ju­li­qvey­ni­dan­ucx­o­e­li­dam­pyrob­le­bis­gan­dev­nas­

isa­xav­da­miz­nad­da­ver­ki­Se­niS­na,­rom­ita­li­a­Si­ita­li­e­le-

bis­Tvi­sac­aRar­da­to­va­ad­gi­li.­sam­Sob­los­Ta­vi­suf­le­bi­sa­

da­sa­xel­mwi­fos­ab­so­lu­tu­ri­uf­le­ba­mo­si­le­bis­sa­kur-

Txe­vel­ze,­ro­me­lic­Tvi­Ton­ve­aR­mar­Ta,­man­uyoy­ma­nod­

mi­i­ta­na­msxver­plad­pi­rov­ne­bis­Ta­vi­suf­le­ba­da­ada­mi­a­nis­

wmi­nda­Taw­min­da­uf­le­be­bi,­ro­mel­Ta­nac­vlad­mo­qa­la­qes­

mxo­lod­mo­va­le­o­ba­ni­­dar­Ca.­er­Txel­pol­va­le­rim­kle­man-

sos­mi­sa­mar­TiT­Tqva:­„is­aR­mer­Teb­da­saf­ran­geTs­da­Wi­ris­

dRe­sa­viT­sZul­da­yve­la­fran­gi“1.­am­iro­ni­u­li­Se­niS­vnis­

Ta­nax­mad,­kle­man­so­Se­iZ­le­ba­ma­ki­a­ve­lis­uSu­a­lo­mem­kvid-

red­Ca­iT­va­los.­Tum­ca­isic­un­da­iT­qvas,­rom­flo­ren­ci­is­

kan­cle­ris­es­cal­mxri­vo­ba­mTli­a­nad­Tu­ara,­na­wi­lob­riv­

ma­inc­Ta­vi­si­dro­is­mbrZa­neb­lu­ri­kar­na­xi­Ta­da­is­to­ri­is­

lo­gi­kis­ul­mo­be­li­Za­li­Taa­gan­pi­ro­be­bu­li:­„ro­de­sac­saq-

me­sam­Sob­los­in­te­re­sebs­exe­ba,­Ta­vi­un­da­Se­vi­ka­voT­ima­ze­

msje­lo­bi­sa­gan,­sa­mar­Tli­a­nia­esa­da­es­ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba­Tu­

usa­mar­Tlo,­lmo­bi­e­ria­Tu­sas­ti­ki,­sa­qe­bia­Tu­saZ­ra­xi­si;­

an­ga­ri­Si­ar­un­da­ga­vu­wi­oT­ara­vi­Tar­Tval­saz­riss­da­mi­vi-

RoT­mxo­lod­is­ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba,­ro­me­lic­xels­uwy­obs­

mi­si­ar­se­bo­bi­sa­da­Ta­vi­suf­le­bis­Se­nar­Cu­ne­bas“2.

sam­Sob­los­in­te­re­se­bi,­mi­si­TviT­myo­fo­bi­sa­da­Ta­vi-

suf­le­bis­Se­nar­Cu­ne­ba­ki­gar­du­va­lad­mo­iTx­ov­da­swra­fi­

da­ra­di­ka­lu­ri­Ro­nis­Zi­e­be­bis­gan­xor­ci­e­le­bas.­ita­li­is­

sa­xel­mwi­fo­eb­ri­vi­or­ga­niz­mi­ukur­ne­be­li­se­niT­iyo­avad.­

1­ Paul Valery, Cahieres, II, Paris, 1974, p7 1486.2­ Machiavelli, Discorsi, III, cap. 41.

21ni

kol

o maki

aveli

suls­eb­rZo­da­pi­et­ro­so­de­ri­ni­sa­da­ni­ko­lo­ma­ki­a­ve­lis­

res­pub­li­kac:­flo­ren­ci­i­saT­vis­sa­be­dis­we­ro­aR­moC­nda­

me­di­Ce­bis­sa­moc­wli­a­ni­ti­ra­ni­a...1­sa­xel­gan­Tqmu­li­hu­ma-

nis­ti­da­sa­xel­mwi­fo­moR­va­we­le­o­nar­do­bru­ni­(1370-1441),­ro­me­lic­1427­wels­flo­ren­ci­is­res­pub­li­kis­kan­cle­ri­gax­da,­XV­sa­u­ku­nis­ga­riJ­raJ­ze­(1403­w.),­Ta­vis­Txzu­le-ba­Si­„qa­laq­flo­ren­ci­is­qe­ba“­si­a­ma­yiT­aR­wer­da­„msof-

li­os­am­ula­ma­ze­si­qa­la­qis“­ubad­lo­sra-­sa­sax­le­ebs,­mis­

um­Sve­ni­e­res­qu­Ceb­sa­da­mo­ed­nebs,­mi­si­mo­qa­la­qe­e­bis­su­li-

er­sim­tki­cesa­da­qe­dux­re­lo­bas,­zne-­Cve­u­le­be­bis­siw­min-

des,­Ta­vi­suf­le­bis­gul­mxur­va­le­siy­va­ruls­da,­bo­los,­

das­Zen­da:­„ar­ar­se­bobs­me­o­re­ad­gi­li­de­da­mi­wis­zur­gze,­

ro­mel­sac­mi­mad­le­bu­li­hqon­des­uf­ro­me­ti­Ta­vi­suf­le­ba,­

ar­sad­ar­vlin­de­ba­uf­ro­me­ti­sa­mar­Tli­a­no­ba­da­arc­uf­ro­

sru­li­Ta­nas­wo­ro­ba­ma­Ral­Ta­da­mda­bal­Ta­So­ris“2.­xo­lo­

er­Ti­sa­u­ku­nis­Sem­deg­flo­ren­ci­is­res­pub­li­kis­me­o­re­kan-

clers­–­ni­ko­lo­ma­ki­a­ve­lis­–­sul­sxvag­va­rad­esa­xe­bo­da­

mSob­li­u­ri­qa­la­qis­mdgo­ma­re­o­ba:

„Cven­ver­vxe­davT­mo­qa­la­qe­Ta­So­ris­verc­Tan­xmo­bas­

da­verc­er­Tsu­lov­ne­bas,­an­da,­Tu­vxe­davT,­mxo­lod­maT­

So­ris,­rom­le­bic­er­Ti­an­de­bi­an­sa­xel­mwi­fo­sa­Tu­ker­Zo­pir-

Ta­mi­marT­ra­i­me­bo­rot­moq­me­de­bis­Ca­sa­de­nad.­aRarc­sar-

wmu­no­e­ba­ar­se­bobs­da­aRarc­RvTis­Si­Si.­fic­sa­da­aR­Tqmas­

mxo­lod­ma­nam­de­as­ru­le­ben,­sa­nam­dis­amas­mo­iTx­ovs­ma­Ti­

an­ga­re­ba.­di­ax,­fics­mxo­lod­imis­Tvis­de­ben,­rom­ga­te­xon­

da­da­ar­Rvi­on:­is­sxva­ara­aris­ra,­Tu­ara­sxvi­si­moty­u­e­bis­

sa­Su­a­le­ba,­da,­rac­uf­ro­Tval­Tmaq­cu­ra­daa­Se­niR­bu­li­es­

tyu­i­li,­miT­uf­ro­met­pa­tivs­im­sa­xu­rebs­xal­xis­Tval­Si.­

yve­la­fe­ri,­rac­Se­iZ­le­bo­da­gax­rwni­li­yo,­uk­ve­ga­ix­rwna...­

1­ kozimo­mediCim­1434­ wels­Caigdo­xelSi­Zalaufleba,­xolo­misma­SvilTaS-

vilma­pierom­1494­wels­dakarga­igi.

2­ Leonardo Bruni, Laudatio utbis Florentiae­ (cit.­wignidan­А. М. Брагина, Итальянский гуманизм, М., 1977, стр. 121-123).

22mT

avar

i ka­no­nebs­ar­Ses­wevT­imis­Za­la,­rom­bo­lo­mo­u­Ron­am­sa­yo-

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vis­mi­marT,­rac,­Ta­vis­mxriv,­ba­debs­si­Zul­vils,­mtro­bas,­

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mo­i­me­de­mo­qa­la­qe­ni,­uke­Tur­Ta­msgav­sad,­ga­rs­ar­ik­re­ben­

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da­u­kav­Si­ron­Ta­vi­an­Ti­be­di.­uke­Tur­ni­an­ga­re­bi­sa­da­pa­tiv-

moy­va­re­o­bis­ga­mo­em­xro­bi­an­am­par­ti­ebs,­ke­Til­So­bil­ni­ki­–­

au­ci­leb­lo­bis­Za­liT.­mag­ram­ua­re­si­ma­inc­isa­a,­rom­am­par-

ti­a­Ta­be­la­de­bi­da­Tav­ka­ce­bi­os­ta­tu­rad­niR­ba­ven­Ta­vi­anT­

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mi­er­ga­mo­ce­mu­li­ka­no­ne­bi­sa­yo­vel­Tao­si­ke­Tes­ki­­ar­isa­xa­vs­

miz­nad,­ara­med­am­par­ti­is­be­la­de­bis­pi­rad­ga­mor­Ce­nas.­ai,­

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mci­re­ricx­o­van­Tav­kac­Ta­pa­tiv­moy­va­re­o­ba“1.

1­ Machiavelli Storie Florentine, I, III, 5.

23ni

kol

o maki

aveli

igi­ve­le­o­nar­do­bru­ni­1413­wels­wer­da:­„Cve­ni­mar­Tva-­gam­ge­o­bis­sa­fuZ­ve­lia­mo­qa­la­qe­Ta­Ta­nas­wo­ro­ba...­yve­la­

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san­qci­e­bi­yve­la­ze­mZi­me­iyos­no­be­le­bis­mi­marT“1.­mag­ram­

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kvla­vin­de­bu­rad­Zli­e­ri­iyo­me­di­Ce­bis­mom­xre­no­be­le­bis­

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pub­li­kis­Zal­ze­mZi­me­sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so­mdgo­ma­re­o­ba,­xo­lo­

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mi­si­mud­mi­vi­yoy­ma­ni­da­mer­ye­o­ba.­es­pa­no­fi­lu­ri­aris­tok-

ra­ti­i­sa­da­fe­o­da­lu­ri­re­aq­ci­is­Zir­ga­mom­Txrel­ma­saq-

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aR­moC­nda.

1­ a.­m.­bragina,­dasax.­Sroma,­gv.­124.

24mT

avar

i ma­ki­a­ve­li­saT­vis­es­iyo­mZi­me­su­li­e­ri­trav­ma,­mi­si­

sa­nuk­va­ri­miz­ne­bis­sru­li­da­sa­bo­loo­kra­xi.­ojax­Tan­

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bev­ri­Tqve­ni­sxva­si­ke­Te­gi­qa­diT.­da­Tu­Tqve­ni­udi­de-

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„res­pub­li­ku­ri­war­su­li“.

1­ a.­s.­aleqseevi,­dasax.­naSr.­gv.­109-110.

2­ iqve,­gv.­110.

3­ „mTavari“,­Sesavali.

25ni

kol

o maki

aveli

Zne­li­iyo­im­az­rTan­Se­gu­e­ba,­rom­aRa­ra­vis­sWir­de­bo-

da­mi­si­sam­sa­xu­ri.­mag­ram­dip­lo­ma­ti­ur­as­pa­rez­ze­TxuT-

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da,­ase­gan­sa­jeT,­tkbe­ba­ki­dec­kur­Txe­u­li­mo­ca­le­o­biT.­­

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vug­deb­xal­xis­ybe­do­bas­da­mi­eT-mo­eTs.­ama­so­ba­Si­sa­di-

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sves:­da­e,­gam­qe­los,­me­ki­vu­yu­reb,­Ser­cxve­ba­Tu­ara­am­

26mT

avar

i urcxvs“...1­Se­iZ­le­ba­iT­qvas,­rom­flo­ren­ci­is­yo­fi­li­kan-

cle­ri­uf­ro­mxi­a­ru­lad­ata­rebs­dros­Ta­vis­san­ka­Sa­no­Si,­

vid­re­di­di­kor­si­ke­li­(zus­tad­sa­ma­si­wlis­Sem­deg)­–­wmi­da­

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Si­mo­ge­bu­li­an­wa­ge­bu­li­xur­da­fu­li.­mag­ram­bin­dde­ba.­

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2­ igive­werili.

27ni

kol

o maki

aveli

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Tan­Si­na­ga­ni­di­a­lo­gi­saT­vis.

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1­ Франческо Петрарка, Избранное, М., 1974, стр. 13.

28mT

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cocxlis­bolomde­SeinarCuna­es­posti.

29ni

kol

o maki

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1­ „msjelobani“,­w.­1,­Sesavali.