Making public support for innovation in the EU more effective(Eng)/ Haciendo que el soporte público para la innovación sea más efectivo en la Unión Europea (Ing)/ Berrikuntzarako

8/2/2019 Making public support for innovation in the EU more effective(Eng)/ Haciendo que el soporte pblico para la innova

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Ildeko rsfjea qsrrnvp

gnv ekknwlpenkek pmc CS invc cflcapewc

Csvnrclk AniieqqenkCkpcvrveqc lk` Ek`sqpvu

R V N E K K N C s v n r c R l r c v k < 1


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3/84

Ildeko rsfjea qsrrnvp gnv ekknwlpenk

ek pmc CS invc cflcapewc

Jcqqnkq jclvkc` gvni l rsfjea ankqsjplpenkgnv lapenk lp Aniiskepu jcwcj

Aniieqqenk Qplfl _nvdeko @nasickp

QCA-6225%


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Csvnrc @evcap eq l qcvweac pn mcjr uns gk` lkqcvqpn unsv |scqpenkq lfnsp pmc Csvnrclk Skenk

Gvccrmnkc ksifcv -(%8

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Plfjc n ankpckpq

C]CASPEWC QSIILVU 3

EKPVN@SAPENK 5

< PMC RNJEAU GVLIC_NVD GNV EKKNWLPENK QSRRNVP


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C}caspewc Qsiilvu

Pmeq Qplfl _nvdeko @nasickp leiq pn qsrrnvp lk nrck lk` ekgnvic` `eqasqqenk nk mn pn fcqp eirvnwc pmccflcapewckcqq ng rsfjea ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp icamlkeqiq ek pmc CS+ Ek nv`cv pn rvninpc ekknwlpenk ek pmc CS lqcflcapewcju lq rnqqefjc* ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp kcc`q pn fc flqc` nk l ajclv rnjeau vlpenkljc lk` vcqrnk` pn pmc kcc`qng ekknwlpewc ckpcvrveqcq+ Ek pmeq vcqrcap* pmc rsfjea ankqsjplpenk nk pmc cflcapewckcqq ng ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp ekCsvnrc vcwcljc` l meom `covcc ng `eqqlpeqglapenk epm c}eqpeko ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp iclqsvcq+

Pmc rsfjea ankqsjplpenk nk pmc ccapewckcqq n ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp ek Csvnrc lq ank`sapc` ek nv`cv pn ocpinvc ek)`crpm ekqeompq nk mn pn fcqp eirvnwc pmc cflcapewckcqq ng rsfjea ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp icamlkeqiq ek pmcCS* lolekqp pmc fladovnsk` ng amlkoeko ekknwlpenk rlppcvkq ek ckpcvrveqcq+ Nwcvljj* invc pmlk


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qekojc ckpvu rnekpq+ Gekljju* l jlvoc qmlvc ng ckpcvrveqcq fcjecwcq pmlp ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp gnv qcvweacq kcc`q pn fceirvnwc`+ Qsvrveqekoju* pmeq nrekenk eq knp nkju qsrrnvpc` fu inqp qcvweac anirlkecq fsp ljqn fu ilksglapsvekoanirlkecq* meam eq l ajclv ekèalpenk pmlp qcvweacq ekknwlpenk ilppcvq lavnqq qcapnvlj fnsk`lvecq+

_mcvclq iclqsvcq ek qsrrnvp ng pvlkqklpenklj annrcvlpenk epmek Csvnrc ljvclù mlwc qnic pvlèpenk* qsrrnvp pnekpcvklpenklj ekknwlpenk lapewepecq nspqe`c Csvnrc eq qpejj ek epq ekglkau+ Vcolvèko iclqsvcq qsrrnvpeko ekknwlpenklapewepecq nspqe`c Csvnrc* pmc pnr rvenvepecq laanvèko pn ckpcvrveqcq lvc eirvnweko kcpnvdeko epm anirlkecqlk` vcqclvam ekqpepspcq lk` eirvnweko laacqq pn dknjcòc nk ekpcvklpenklj ilvdcp ankèpenkq+ Gccv ckpcvrveqcqankqe`cv iclqsvcq ek qsrrnvp ng infejepu ng msilk vcqnsvacq lk` ER rvnpcapenk lfvnl` lq ilppcvq ng meom rvenvepu+Pmc ekknwlpenk ekpcvicèlvecq qcci pn fc rvcrlvc` pn gnjjn pmcqc rvenvepecq* lq ekèalpc` fu pmcev vcrjecq+

_epm vcolv` pn ekknwlpenk ilklocickp* ckpcvrveqcq nsj` c}rcap pn vcacewc fcppcv rsfjea qsrrnvp rveilvejugnv ekknwlpenk qpvlpcou lk` nvolkeqlpenklj ekknwlpenk* ekajsèko pmc sqc ng EP lk` c)fsqekcqq+ Gccv anirlkecqrvenvepeqc` ER ilklocickp lk` `cqeok ilklocickp+ Ankacvkeko ER rvnpcapenk* inqp ckpcvrveqcq nsj` c}rcaprsfjea qsrrnvp gnv rlpckpq+ Vcolvèko npmcv gnviq ng rvnpcapenk pmc kcc` gnv rsfjea qsrrnvp eq qeokealkpju jncv+Mncwcv* ek pmeq vcqrcap qnic èflcvckacq fcpcck ilksglapsveko lk` qcvweac viq alk fc nfqcvwc`+

_mlp dek`q ng ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp `n ckpcvrveqcq c}rcap pn fc nflcvc` lp CS jcwcj> Pmc vcqsjpq ng pmc ankqsjplpenkajclvju ekèalpc pmlp pmc wlqp ilhnvepu n qpldcmnj`cvq eq ek lwnsv n CS ekwnjwcickp ek ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp + Fnpmckpcvrveqcq lk` ekknwlpenk ekpcvicèlvecq lovcc pmlp pmc CS mlq lk lapewc vnjc pn rjlu ek pmeq vcolv`+ Ankacvkekopmc qrcaea cj`q ek meam pmc CS qmnsj` rvnwe`c ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp* ckpcvrveqcq wec qsrrnvp gnv klkaeko ekkn)wlpenk rvnhcapq pnocpmcv epm qsrrnvp gnv kcpnvdeko lk` annrcvlpenk fcpcck lapnvq lq pmc ilek lvclq* mcvcCsvnrclk ekqpvsickpq qmnsj` fc il`c lwlejlfjc+ Gccv ckpcvrveqcq aljj gnv CS ekqpvsickpq pn qsrrnvp e`ckpeguekopmcev ekknwlpenk rnpckpelj* qsrrnvp gnv ekpcvklpenkljeqlpenk ng ekknwlpewc QICq lk` qsrrnvp gnv pcamknjnou pvlkqgcv+Lq ankacvkq npmcv gnviq ng ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp* qsam lq qsrrnvp pn ekknwlpenk ilklocickp* ER lk` `cqeok lqcjj lq qsrrnvp gnv pmc avclpenk ng qrcaea qdejjq* nkju gc ckpcvrveqcq c}rcap pmc CS pn fc lapewc ek pmcqc cj`q+Vcolvèko pmc ekqpepspenklj qpldcmnj`cvq* pmc pnr pmvcc rvenvepecq lp CS jcwcj lvc glaejeplpeko annrcvlpenk* c}amlkocng ekgnvilpenk* onn` rvlapeac lk` rnjeau jclvkeko pnocpmcv epm pmc glaejeplpenk ng pcamknjnou pvlkqgcv lk` laacqqpn klkac* ekajsèko jcwcvloeko.an)gskèko ng qcc` lk` wckpsvc alreplj gsk`q+

_mck lqdc` lfnsp pmc l``c` wljsc n asvvckp CS qsrrnvp ekepelpewcq pmlp qsrrnvp annrcvlpenk fcpcck ekknwl)penk lapnvq inqp ckpcvrveqcq lìeppc` pmlp pmcu cvc knp llvc ng pmci+ Pmeq eq rlvpeasjlvju nfwensq gnv pmc ERVMcjr`cqd lk` Csvnrc EKKNWL l jlvoc ilhnvepu ng vcqrnk`ckpq qle` pmcu è` knp dkn pmcqc ekepelpewcq+ Qjeompjuinvc pmlk mljg ng pmc ckpcvrveqcq ankqsjpc` ekèalpc` pn fc lp jclqp gliejelv epm pmc Ckpcvrveqc Csvnrc Kcpnvd+Mncwcv* nkju lfnsp mljg ng pmnqc lqqcqqc` pmc l``c` wljsc ng pmc Kcpnvd lq wcvu onn`+ Skqsvrveqekoju* pmc jcwcjng dknjcòc lfnsp CS ekepelpewcq eq isam meomcv linko ekqpepspenklj rjlucvq+ Mncwcv* ljqn linko pmc ekknwlpenkrvngcqqenkljq pmc qmlvc ng pmnqc mn lvc knp llvc ng ilhnv CS lapenkq eq qpejj vcjlpewcju meom+

Peac lq ilku ekqpepspenklj lapnvq lq ckpcvrveqcq vlpc` pmc l``c` wljsc ng pmc Ckpcvrveqc Csvnrc Kcpnvd lq meom*meam vcrvcqckpq pmc meomcqp lrrvcaelpenk ng CS ekepelpewcq+ Nwcvljj* Csvnrc EKKNWL lk` RVN EKKN Csvnrc ljqnvcacewc vclqnklfju meom qanvcq linko pmnqc mn dkn lfnsp pmci+ _epmek RVN EKKN Csvnrc* pmc EKKN)RnjeauPvckÀmlvp eq knp nkju jlvocju skdknk fsp ljqn knp meomju lrrvcaelpc` fu pmnqc mn lvc gliejelv epm ep+ Pmeq

ilu qsoocqp pmlp pmc ekgnvilpenk rsfjeqmc` pmcvc* ilu knp iccp pmc c}rcaplpenkq ng pmeq qrcaea plvocp ovnsr+Pmeq vleqcq pmc |scqpenk ng mcpmcv pn ankpeksc epm pmeq ekqpvsickp+ L ilhnvepu ng ekqpepspenklj rjlucvq mn lvcllvc ng pmc Csvnrclk Ekknwlpenk Qanvcfnlv` cwljslpc ep lq mlweko l meom l``c` wljsc+ Mncwcv* pmc Qanvcfnlv``ncq knp rvnwe`c ekgnvilpenk lp qcapnvlj lk` vcoenklj jcwcjq lk` pmeq ilu c}rjlek mu l qeokealkp ksifcv ngvcqrnk`ckpq ankqe`cvc` ep pn mlwc jn l``c` wljsc+ _mcvclq ckpcvrveqcq qcci jcqq ankwekac` ng pmc ERV Mcjr`cqd*l jlvocv rvnrnvpenk ng ekpcvicèlvecq lvc vlpmcv qlpeqc` epm pmeq qcvweac+

Ankacvkeko pmc c}rcaplpenkq nk mn pn svpmcv eirvnwc pmc ccapewckcqq n CS qsrrnvp iclqsvcq* pmvcc |slv)pcvq ng pmc ckpcvrveqcq qsvwcuc` nsj` c}rcap l qeirjealpenk ng pmc rlvpeaerlpenk vsjcq ek CS rvnhcapq+ Gsvpmcvinvc*invc pmlk mljg lqd gnv invc èvcap qsrrnvp gnv QICq pmvnsom CS qsrrnvp icamlkeqiq lk` gnv fcppcv ekgnvilpenklfnsp CS ekepelpewcq+ Pmc c}rcaplpenkq ng pmc ekpcvicèlvecq lvc pmc qlic lq vcolv`q pmc qeirjealpenk ng lìek)eqpvlpewc rvnac`svcq+ Pmc wlqp ilhnvepu eq ng pmc nrekenk pmlp ekpvn`saeko glqp)pvlad rvnac`svcq gnv lìekeqpvlpenk

lk` cwljslpenk ng rvnhcapq ansj` mcjr eirvnwc pmc cflcapewckcqq ng iclqsvcq+ Pmvcc |slvpcvq pmekd pmlp nflcvekoinvc ekpcovlpc` ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp qcvweacq -c+o+ nkc)qpnr)qmnr lrrvnlam% lk` ekwnjweko rvewlpc nvolkeqlpenkqlk` ekknwlpenk c}rcvpq invc èvcapju ek pmc qcvweac rvnweqenk nsj` mcjr lamecwc pmeq onlj+


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_mck c}rjnveko mn pn ildc CS ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp invc cflcapewc* èflcvckp nrpenkq c}eqp+ Lq glv lq pmc AER)CERrvnovliic eq ankacvkc`* l ockcvlj amneac c}eqpq fcpcck èvcap iclqsvcq ek qsrrnvp ng ekknwlpewc anirlkecqqsam lq pmvnsom pmc klkaelj ekqpvsickpq lk` pmc klkaeko ng cinkqpvlpenk rvnhcapq* ekèvcap qsrrnvp rvnwe`c`pmvnsom qcvweacq ng pmc Ckpcvrveqc Csvnrc Kcpnvd* qsrrnvp gnv fcqp rvlapeac c}amlkoc lk` rnjeau jclvkeko lk`rejnp lapenkq leieko lp gnqpcveko fcppcv ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp lp vcoenklj lk` klpenklj jcwcj+ _mcvclq pmc rnpckpeljeirlap ng klkaelj qsrrnvp pn ckpcvrveqcq alk fc evcapju iclqsvc`* ep eq isam invc efi asjp pn lqqcqq pmc Csvnrclkl``c` wljsc avclpc` fu pmc rvnweqenk ng Csvnrclk e`c qcvweacq lk`* ek rlvpeasjlv* fu pmc cwcjnrickp lk` gsvpmcvèqqcieklpenk ng fcppcv ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp gnqpcvc` fu rnjeau jclvkeko lk` rejnp lapenkq lp Csvnrclk jcwcj+

Ek vcqrnkqc pn pmc ilek jcqqnkq jclvkc` gvni pmc rsfjea ankqsjplpenk ep eq ajclv pmlp pmc qsfqeèlvepu rvekaerjc ejjmlwc pn fc qpveapju vcqrcapc`* lk` pmlp lapenkq kcc` pn fc ankackpvlpc` nk pmnqc lvclq mcvc l pvsju Csvnrclkl``c` wljsc ilu fc c}rcapc`+


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11/845

Pmeq Qplfl _nvdeko @nasickp leiq pn qsrrnvp lk nrck lk` ekgnvic` èqasqqenk nk mn pn fcqp eirvnwc pmccflcapewckcqq ng rsfjea ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp icamlkeqiq ek pmc CS+ Ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp pn fsqekcqqcq alk fcèqpekoseqmc` vni qsrrnvp nv ekknwlpenk ek ockcvlj ek pmc qckqc pmlp ep eq qsrrnvpeko pmc ovnpm lk` anircpewc)kcqq ng ekèwe`slj anirlkecq pmvnsom l vlkoc ng qrcaea iclqsvcq qsam lq fsqekcqq ekasflpenk* ovnpm klkaeko*pcamknjnou pvlkqgcv fcpcck anirlkecq lk` npmcvq+ Skjedc qsrrnvp pn vcqclvam lk` cwcjnrickp qsam gnviq ngèvcap ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp n knp gnasq rcv)qc nk ekavclqc` pcamkealj rcvgnvilkac nv lp qnjweko rvnfjciq pmvnsoml`wlkacickp ng pcamknjnoecq+ Pmeq Qplfl _nvdeko @nasickp nkju l``vcqqcq pmc |scqpenk ng pmc cflcapewckcqq ngèvcap ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp pn QICq* lq qsrrnvpc` lp Csvnrclk jcwcj knplfju fu pmc Ckpvcrvckcsvqmer lk` EkknwlpenkRvnovliic -CER% ng pmc Anircpepewckcqq lk` Ekknwlpenk Gvlicnvd Rvnovliic -AER%+

Ekknwlpenk eq ankqe`cvc` lq pmc dcu pn omp pmc asvvckp cankniea `nkpsvk fu mcjreko fsqekcqqcq pn ovnlk` avclpc hnfq pn anskpcvfljlkac jlunflq cjqcmcvc+ Ek nv`cv pn rvninpc ekknwlpenk ek pmc CS lq cflcapewcju lqrnqqefjc* ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp kcc`q pn fc flqc` nk l ajclv rnjeau vlpenkljc lk` pn `cinkqpvlpc pmc alrlfejepu pn

ildc l vclj eflcvckac+ Pmeq nasickp eq knp lfnsp mcpmcv ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp cflnvpq ek pmc CS lvc pnn feo nv pnnqiljj* fsp lfnsp mcpmcv pmcu lvc cflcapewc lk` mn pmcev cflcapewckcqq ansj` fc gsvpmcv eirvnwc`+

Lq rlvp ng pmc Jeqfnk Qpvlpcou gnv Ovnpm lk` Hnfq6* inqp Icifcv Qplpcq mlwc sk`cvpldck ovclp cflnvpq ek vcackpuclvq pn gsvpmcv eirvnwc pmcev ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp icamlkeqiq* fu ekwcqpeko ek vcqclvam lk` eirjcickpeko kcnv fcppcv ekqpvsickpq ek qsrrnvp ng ekknwlpewc QICq+ Pmc EKKN)Rnjeau PvckÀmlvp1asvvckpju e`ckpecq invc pmlk


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fsvclsavlpea* qjn lk` ekcfi aeckp+ Pmeq nrekenk eq qmlvc` fu ilku ekknwlpenk ekpcvicèlvecq* gnv c}lirjc fu pmcLqqnaelpenk ng Ocvilk Amlifcvq ng Ek`sqpvu lk` Aniicvac -@EMD% pmlp qplpc` pmlp lìekeqpvlpewc rvnacqqcq lvcpnn anirjealpc`* peic ankqsieko lk` fsvclsavlpea+ Gsvpmcvinvc* ckpcvrveqcq eqm pmlp rvewlpc nvolkeqlpenkq lkèkknwlpenk c}rcvpq nsj` fc invc evcapju ekwnjwc` ek pmc qcvweac rvnweqenk lk` pmlp invc ekpcovlpc` ekknwlpenkqsrrnvp qcvweacq nsj` fc nflcvc`+ Pmeq anvvcqrnk`q epm pmc wecq ng pmc ekpcvicèlvecq mn lovcc epm pmc

kcc` pn nflcv invc ekpcovlpc` ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp qcvweacq lk` pn ekwnjwc rvewlpc nvolkeqlpenkq lk` ekknwlpenkc}rcvpq invc èvcapju ek pmc qcvweac rvnweqenk+ Pmeq aljjq gnv kc gnviq ng ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp* qsam lq wnsamcvqamcicq* lq cjj lq gnv l fcppcv ekpcovlpenk ng eflcvckp rsfjea qcvweacq ekpn qekojc ckpvu rnekpq+ Gekljju* l jlvoc qmlvcng ckpcvrveqcq fcjecwcq pmlp ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp gnv qcvweacq kcc`q pn fc eirvnwc`+ Qsvrveqekoju* pmeq nrekenk eq knpnkju qsrrnvpc` fu inqp qcvweac anirlkecq fsp ljqn fu ilksglapsveko anirlkecq+ Pmeq eq l ajclv ekèalpenk pmlpqcvweacq ekknwlpenk ilppcvq lavnqq qcapnvlj fnsk`lvecq67+

67 Gnv gsvpmcv cplejq* qcc pmc Aniieqqenk Qplfl _nvdeko @nasickp Amljjckocq gnv CS qsrrnvp pn ekknwlpenk ek qcvweacq Gnqpcveko kc ilvdcpq lk` hnfq pmvnsom ekknwlpenk*QCA-6225%


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26/8460

2

62

02

72

=2


27/8463

6+1 Qpldcmnj`cvq wecq nk pmc vnjc n pmc Aniiskepuek qsrrnvp n ekknwlpenk

L gsvpmcv nfhcapewc ng pmc rsfjea ankqsjplpenk lq pn ocp fcppcv ekqeompq lk` rcvacrpenkq vcolvèko pmc vnjc n pmcCS lapenkq ek qsrrnvp n ekknwlpenk+ Ek pmeq vcqrcap* pmc ankqsjplpenk c}liekc` qpldcmnj`cvq llvckcqq ng ilhnvCS ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp lapenkq lk` lqdc` pmci pn cwljslpc pmcev l``c` wljsc+ Pmc gnasq lq nk pmc c}rcaplpenkqng wlvensq purcq ng lapnvq vcolvèko pmc dek`q ng qsrrnvp pmlp qmnsj` rvcgcvlfju fc rvnwe`c` lp CS jcwcj+ Ek l`è)penk* pmc ejjekokcqq ng ekknwlpenk ekpcvicèlvecq lk` gskèko lockaecq pn anjjlfnvlpc epm npmcv rlvpkcvq ek pmccj` ng ekknwlpenk lq qsvwcuc`+

Pmc vcqsjpq ng pmc ankqsjplpenk ajclvju ekèalpc pmlp l wlqp ilhnvepu n qpldcmnj`cvq eq ek lwnsv n CS ekwnjwcickpek ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp+ Fnpm ckpcvrveqcq lk` ekknwlpenk ekpcvicèlvecq lovcc pmlp pmc CS mlq lk lapewc vnjc pnrjlu ek pmeq vcolv`+ @sc pn pmc anirjc} klpsvc ng ekknwlpenk* qsrrnvp lq c}rcapc` lp ljj jcwcjq* lq c}rvcqqc` ek pmcqsiilvu vcrnvp vcstcapeko pmc wecq gvni ckpcvrveqcq gvni Knvpm Vmekc)_cqprmljel ek Ocvilku+

2

62

02

72

=2


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Lq glv lq pmcqc rvenvepecq lvc ankacvkc`* kn qeokegealkp eggcvckacq cvc nfqcvwc` fcpcck ckpcvrveqcq ekwnjwcèk qcvweacq lk` ckpcvrveqcq ekwnjwc` ek ilksglapsveko* nv fcpcck anskpvecq+ Pmc èggcvckp qsrrnvp jcwcjq `nknp kcacqqlveju ekèalpc l vlkdeko ng pmc eirnvplkac ng pmc èggcvckp qsrrnvp icamlkeqiq fsp vlpmcv vcgjcappmlp ckpcvrveqcq mlwc èggcvckp kcc`q lk` c}rcaplpenkq+ Mncwcv* pmc ockcvlj rlppcvk eq pmlp ckpcvrveqcq lvcinqpju ekpcvcqpc` ek vcaceweko geklkaelj qsrrnvp* rvngcqqenklj c}rcvpeqc lk` qsrrnvp gnv gekèko ekknwlpenkrlvpkcvq* mcvclq jcqq meom c}rcaplpenkq qcci pn c}eqp epm vcqrcap pn ockcvlj ekgnvilpenk lk` llvckcqqvleqeko+

Vcolvèko pmc ekqpepspenklj qpldcmnj`cvq* pmc pnr pmvcc rvenvepecq lp CS jcwcj lvc glaejeplpeko annrcvlpenk* c}amlkocng ekgnvilpenk* onn` rvlapeac lk` rnjeau jclvkeko pnocpmcv epm glaejeplpenk ng pcamknjnou pvlkqgcv lk` laacqqpn klkac* ekajsèko jcwcvloeko.an)gskèko ng qcc` lk` wckpsvc alreplj gsk`q+ Npmcv meom rvenvepecq ekajs`crvnweèko CS)e`c qcvweacq pn ckpcvrveqcq* glaejeplpeko pmc `cwcjnrickp ng kc pnnjq lk` ekqpvsickpq ek qsrrnvpng ekknwlpenk* mcjreko pmc ekpcvklpenkljeqlpenk ng ckpcvrveqcq lk`* pn l jcqqcv `covcc* gnqpcveko pmc cicvockacng jcl` ilvdcpq epm meom cankniea lk` qnaecplj wljsc ek pmc CS+ Pmeq ilu qsoocqp pmlp ekpcvicèlvecq vlpmcvqcc l vnjc pn fc rjluc` lp klpenklj nv vcoenklj jcwcj epm vcolv` pn gnqpcveko pmc cicvockac ng jcl` ilvdcpq+Ockcvljju* ekknwlpenk ekpcvicèlvecq qmn cwck qpvnkocv qsrrnvp gnv inqp alpconvecq ng ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp pmlk`n ckpcvrveqcq* meam ilu vcstcap pmcev fcppcv dknjcòc lfnsp asvvckp CS qsrrnvp icamlkeqiq+ Ep ilu cjjfc pmlp c}eqpeko CS qsrrnvp icamlkeqiq lvc knp ljluq vcanokeqc` fu ckpcvrveqcq lq qsam* lq ilku CS)e`cqcvweacq lk` qsrrnvp iclqsvcq lvc nflcvc` nv eirjcickpc` fu vcoenklj lk` klpenklj rlvpkcvq+

Lq ankacvkq ekknwlpenk rnjeau jclvkeko* l jlvoc ilhnvepu ng vcqrnk`ckpq c}rvcqqc` pmcev ejjekokcqq pn annrcvlpc

epm npmcv Csvnrclk rlvpkcvq nk pmc `cwcjnrickp lk` eirvnwcickp ng pnnjq lk` ekqpvsickpq ek qsrrnvp ngekknwlpenk+ Icifcv Qplpcq jlooeko fcmek` ek ekknwlpenk qeokljjc` lq qpvnko qsrrnvp lq è` ekknwlpenk jclèkoanskpvecq+ Pmeq ankviq pmlp pmc qanrc gnv ekpcvklpenklj annrcvlpenk eq msoc+ Qamcicq gnv c}amlkoc ng c}rcve)ckacq lk` onn` rvlapeac* ajsqpcv `cwcjnrickp lk` pcamknjnou rjlpgnviq* ekknwlpenk qamcicq gnv QICq* CsvnrcEKKNWL lk` RVN EKKN Csvnrc rjlpgnviq cvc inqp gvc|sckpju ickpenkc` ek pmeq vcolv`+

_mck lqdc` lfnsp pmc l``c` wljsc n asvvckp CS qsrrnvp ekepelpewcq pmlp qsrrnvp annrcvlpenk fcpcckekknwlpenk lapnvq inqp ckpcvrveqcq lìeppc` pmlp pmcu cvc knp llvc ng pmci+ Pmeq eq rlvpeasjlvju nfwensq gnvpmc ERV Mcjr`cqd lk` Csvnrc EKKNWL l jlvoc ilhnvepu ng vcqrnk`ckpq qle` pmcu è` knp dkn pmcqc ekepel)pewcq+ Lq vcolv`q Csvnrc EKKNWL pmeq vcqsjpq eq knp qsvrveqeko lq ep `ncq knp `clj epm ckpcvrveqcq èvcapju fsprvc`nieklkpju epm ekknwlpenk ekpcvicèlvecq+ Mncwcv* pmc kc ockcvlpenk ng Csvnrc EKKNWL lapenkq jlskamcèk 6225 ejj invc èvcapju ekwnjwc QICq ek pcqpeko kc pnnjq lk` ekqpvsickpq ek qsrrnvp ng ekknwlpenk+ Gvni

pmnqc gliejelv epm Csvnrc EKKNWL* invc pmlk mljg c}rvcqqc` pmcev qlpeqglapenk epm pmeq ekepelpewc* mcvclq pmcqlpeqglapenk epm pmc ERV mcjr`cqd qcciq jcqq qpvnko+ Pmeq anvvcqrnk`q epm pmc nwcvljj qacrpeaeqi c}rvcqqc`fu ckpcvrveqcq lfnsp pmc l``c` wljsc ng iclqsvcq ek qsrrnvp ng ekknwlpenk ilklocickp ek ockcvlj* mcpmcvrvnwe`c` lp Csvnrclk nv klpenklj jcwcj+

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Qjeompju invc pmlk mljg ng pmc ckpcvrveqcq ankqsjpc` ekèalpc` fceko gliejelv epm pmc Ckpcvrveqc Csvnrc Kcpnvd+Ek pmeq vcqrcap* ep mlq pn fc pldck ekpn laanskp pmlp pmc Kcpnvd lq rlvpeasjlvju lapewc ek rvninpeko pmeq qsvwcu+Lfnsp l pmev` ng pmc ckpcvrveqcq lqqcqq pmc l``c` wljsc ng pmc Kcpnvd lq wcvu onn`+ Sqcv qlpeqglapenk lq meomcqpek ieavn) lk` qiljj anirlkecq amlvlapcveqc` fu jn ovnpm ek pcviq ng qplfl cirjnuc` lk` psvknwcv+ Pmc wlqpilhnvepu ng pmci mlwc ekpvn`sac` lk ekknwlpenk nwcv pmc jlqp 1 uclvq meam* ek kclvju 6.1 ng pmc alqcq* lq flqc`nk vcqclvam+ Pmeq anvvcqrnk`q jlvocju epm pmc pvlèpenklj ajeckpcjc ng pmc gnvicv Ekknwlpenk Vcjlu Ackpvcq* wljsekorlvpeasjlvju pcamknjnou)nveckpc` qcvweacq* qsam lq pcamknjnou pvlkqgcv+ Ljqn* inqp ckpcvrveqcq ajleieko pmlp pmcl``c` wljsc ng pmc Kcpnvd eq rnnv cvc meomju ekknwlpewc* meam ilu qsoocqp pmlp gnv l jlvoc ovnsr ng anirlkecqpmc qcvweacq nflcvc` fu pmc Ckpcvrveqc Csvnrc Kcpnvd lvc cepmcv knp vcjcwlkp -gnv c}lirjc gnv qcvweac anirlkecq%nv vcjcwlkp qsrrnvp qcvweacq lvc ng èflcveko |sljepu -meom nv jn%+

Skqsvrveqekoju* pmc jcwcj ng dknjcòc ng CS ekepelpewcq eq isam meomcv linko ekqpepspenklj rjlucvq pmlk ckpcvrveqcq+

Mncwcv* ljqn linko pmc ekknwlpenk rvngcqqenkljq pmc qmlvc ng pmnqc mn lvc knp llvc ng ilhnv CS lapenkq eqvcjlpewcju meom+ Pmeq ilu aljj gnv qrcaea llvckcqq vleqeko lapenkq ek nv`cv pn fcppcv ekgnvi pmci lfnsp ilhnv CSqamcicq+ Mncwcv* pmc lpl ilu ljqn qsoocqp pmlp CS ekepelpewcq lvc knp nflcveko cknsom ekpcvcqpeko vcqsjpq pn fcng qsfi aeckp ekpcvcqp gnv vcoenklj lk` klpenklj ekknwlpenk ekpcvicèlvecq ek pmcev leju nvd+

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Peac lq ilku ekqpepspenklj lapnvq lq ckpcvrveqcq vlpc` pmc l `c` wljsc ng Ckpcvrveqc Csvnrc Kcpnvd lq meom* meamvcrvcqckpq pmc meomcqp lrrvcaelpenk ng CS ekepelpewcq+ Nwcvljj* Csvnrc EKKNWL lk` RVN EKKN Csvnrc ljqn ocp vclqnk)lfju meom qanvcq+ _epmek RVN EKKN Csvnrc* pmc EKKN)Rnjeau PvckÀmlvp eq knp nkju jlvocju skdknk fsp ljqn knpmeomju lrrvcaelpc` fu pmnqc mn lvc gliejelv epm ep+ Pmeq ilu qsoocqp pmlp pmc ekgnvilpenk rsfjeqmc` pmcvc* iluknp iccp pmc c}rcaplpenkq ng pmc qrcaea plvocp ovnsr+ Pmeq vleqcq pmc |scqpenk ng mn pn fcppcv alrpsvc pmc kcc`qgnv lk ekknwlpenk rnjeau ekpcjjeockac pnnj qsam lq PvckÀmlvp+ L ilhnvepu ng ekqpepspenklj rjlucvq mn lvc llvc ngpmc Csvnrclk Ekknwlpenk Qanvcfnlv` cwljslpc ep lq mlweko l meom l``c` wljsc+ Mncwcv* pmc Qanvcfnlv` ncq knprvnwe`c ekgnvilpenk lp qcapnvlj lk` vcoenklj jcwcjq meam ilu c}rjlek mu l qeokealkp ksifcv ng vcqrnk`ckpqankqe`cvc` pmlp ep pn mlwc jn l``c` wljsc+ _mcvclq ckpcvrveqcq qcci jcqq ankwekac` ng pmc ERV Mcjr`cqd* l jlvocv

rvnrnvpenk ng ekpcvicèlvecq lvc vlpmcv qlpeqc` epm pmeq qcvweac+ Ep ilu cjj fc pmlp pmcqc qcvweacq lvc ng meomcvwljsc gnv ekpcvicèlvecq pmlk èvcapju gnv ckpcvrveqcq+ Pmeq ilu kcc` pn fc gsvpmcv c}rjnvc` pn fcppcv plejnv pmcilaanvèko pn sqcv vc|sevcickpq+

Ankacvkeko pmc c}rcaplpenkq nk mn pn svpmcv eirvnwc pmc ccapewckcqq n CS qsrrnvp iclqsvcq* pmvcc |slvpcvqng pmc ckpcvrveqcq qsvwcuc` nsj` c}rcap l qeirjealpenk ng pmc rlvpeaerlpenk vsjcq ek CS rvnhcapq+ Gsvpmcvinvc* invcpmlk mljg lqd gnv invc evcap qsrrnvp gnv QICq pmvnsom CS qsrrnvp icamlkeqiq lk` gnv fcppcv ekgnvilpenk lfnspCS ekepelpewcq+ Pmc c}rcaplpenkq ng pmc ekpcvicèlvecq lvc pmc qlic lq ankacvkq pmc qeirjealpenk ng lìekeqpvlpewc

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rvnrnqc` lapenk meam* skpej kn* mlq knp quqpcilpealjju fcck fsejp ekpn inqp Aniiskepu lapenkq ek qsrrnvp ngekknwlpenk+ Inqp rcvgnvilkac ekèalpnvq sqc` fu Aniiskepu rejnp lapenkq lvc vlpmcv lvfepvlveju amnqck l`)mnalk` `n knp kcacqqlveju vcstcap pmc klpsvc lk` qexc ng pmc rvnfjci pn fc l``vcqqc`+

1+6 Fcppcv rvninpeko qukcvoecq fcpcck klpenklj lk` Csvnrclk lapenkq

Ek pmc rsfjea ankqsjplpenk* l ajclv ilhnvepu ng ekknwlpenk ekpcvicèlvecq ekèalpc` ekpcvcqp ek pvlkqklpenklj annrcvl)penk lk` rlvpeaerlpenk ek Csvnrclk ekepelpewcq leieko lp rnjeau jclvkeko lk` c}amlkoc ng onn` rvlapeac+ Mncwcv*ek vcljepu nkju wcvu gc vcoenklj lk` klpenklj ekknwlpenk lockaecq lvc lapewcju ekwnjwc` ek pmeq rvnacqq ng ispsljjclvkeko lk` pvlkqklpenklj annrcvlpenk lp Csvnrclk jcwcj+ Ek rlvpeasjlv* pmcvc qcciq pn fc wcvu jeppjc ekpcvcqp gvnipmc kc Icifcv Qplpcq pn lapewcju ckoloc ekpn pmeq rvnacqq* meam eq l ilppcv ng ovclp ankacvk* pldeko ekpn laanskppmc kcc` pn qpvckopmck vcoenklj lk` klpenklj ekknwlpenk quqpciq ek pmcqc anskpvecq ek nv`cv pn gsvpmcv ankpekscepm pmc alpameko)sr rvnacqq+

Rsfjea ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp eq l qmlvc` vcqrnkqefejepu fcpcck vcoenkq* Icifcv Qplpcq lk` pmc Csvnrclk Skenk+Ek anirlveqnk epm pmc ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp rvnwe`c` lp vcoenklj lk` klpenklj jcwcj* Aniiskepu qsrrnvp eq vlpmcv

qiljj+ Pmc lkkslj fsòcpq ng l jlvoc ksifcv ng ekknwlpenk lockaecq ek Csvnrc c}acc` fu glv pmc lwlejlfjc gskèkolp Aniiskepu jcwcj* lq ejjsqpvlpc` fu osvc 3+ Pmeq aljjq gnv qccdeko lk` c}rjnepeko qukcvoecq fcpcck pmc eflcvckpjcwcjq ng ekpcvwckpenk+ Clam jcwcj mlq epq nk jcoepeilau fsp* qn glv* kn qsfi aeckpju qpvnko annvèklpenk icamlkeqiqc}eqp pmlp nsj` ckqsvc lk cflcapewc lrrjealpenk ng pmc qsfqeèlvepu rvekaerjc+ Lamecweko fcppcv qukcvoecq fcpcckCS* klpenklj lk` vcoenklj ekepelpewcq eq pmcvcgnvc l amljjckoc pmlp kcc`q pn fc l``vcqqc` lq l ilppcv ng meom rvenvepuek nv`cv pn ckqsvc fcppcv cflcapewckcqq lk` anqp cfi aeckau ng ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp ek pmc CS+

Pmc ilek nfhcapewc n asvvckp ekèvcap Aniiskepu ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp iclqsvcq eq pn anirjcickp vcoenkljlk` klpenklj cnvpq* fu glaejeplpeko ispslj rnjeau jclvkeko* rejnpeko kc gnviq ng fcppcv ekknwlpenk qsrrnvplk` rvnweèko ekackpewcq gnv pmcev e`cv pldc)sr+ Gsvpmcvinvc* pmc Ckpcvrveqc Csvnrc Kcpnvd leiq lp ckqsvekol Csvnrclk e`c rvnweqenk ng flqcjekc qcvweacq ek qsrrnvp ng QICq* lk` klkaelj qsrrnvp gnv ekknwlpewc QICq eqrvnwe`c` pmvnsom pmc klkaelj ekqpvsickpq gsk`c` sk`cv AER)CER+ Mncwcv* lq vcolv`q ekknwlpenk rejnp lapenkq

ek rlvpeasjlv* kn qpvnko annvèklpenk icamlkeqiq c}eqp ucp pmlp nsj` ckqsvc l qpvclijekeko fcpcck vcoenklj*klpenklj lk` Csvnrclk ekepelpewcq ek qsrrnvp ng ekknwlpenk+

Lq rlvp ng pmc Jeqfnk Qpvlpcou nv Ovnpm lk` Hnfq * inqp Icifcv Qplpcq mlwc sk`cvpldck ovclp cflnvpq ek vcackpuclvq pn gsvpmcv eirvnwc pmcev ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp icamlkeqiq fu ekwcqpeko ek vcqclvam ekgvlqpvsapsvc lk` eirjc)ickpeko kc nv fcppcv ekqpvsickpq ek qsrrnvp ng ekknwlpewc QICq+ _epmek pmeq Jeqfnk rvnacqq* Icifcv Qplpcqlvc ekwepc` pn rvcqckp pmcev ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp rnjeaecq lq rlvp ng pmc Klpenklj Vcgnvi Rvnovliicq lk` pn vcrnvplkksljju nk pmcev lamecwcickpq+ Nk pmeq flqeq* pmc Aniieqqenk gnvisjlpcq anskpvu qrcaea vcaniick`lpenkql``vcqqc` pn pmc Icifcv Qplpcq* meam qcp nsp rvenvepu lvclq gnv vcgnvi+ Nwcvljj* pmeq rvnacqq mlq qeokealkpjueirvnwc` pmc c}amlkocq ng ekgnvilpenk lk` c}rcveckacq fcpcck Icifcv Qplpcq lk` epm pmc Aniieqqenk nkfvnl` rnjeau lvclq qcvweko pmc onljq ng ovnpm lk` hnfq+ Lq vcolv`q ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp mncwcv* pmc EkpcovlpcÒse`cjekc = ng pmc Jeqfnk Qpvlpcou1? anwcvq l vlpmcv fvnl` vlkoc ng rnjeau cj`q* meam ildcq ep èfi asjp pn e`ckpegu*nk pmc flqeq ng pmc ekgnvilpenk lwlejlfjc* rnqqefjc rnjeau olrq pmlp nsj` mlwc pn fc l``vcqqc` lp Aniiskepu

jcwcj+ Pmcvcgnvc* pmc gcc`flad anjjcapc` gvni pmc Jeqfnk rvnacqq kcc`q pn fc gsvpmcv anirjcpc` fu npmcv rnjeauc}amlkocq pn fcppcv e`ckpegu mn pn fcqp anirjcickp Icifcv Qplpc lapenkq lp CS jcwcj+

Pn pmeq ck * l ksifcv ng ekepelpewcq mlwc fcck qcp sr lp Aniiskepu jcwcj ek pmc gvlicnvd ng pmc Nrck Icpmn`ng Annvèklpenk* pn mcjr Icifcv Qplpcq lk` vcoenkq jclvkeko gvni clam npmcv* qmlveko c}rcveckac lk` fsejèkorlvpkcvqmerq ek qsrrnvp ng ekknwlpenk+ Sk`cv pmc AER)CER* pmc Csvnrc EKKNWL lk` RVN EKKN Csvnrc ekepel)pewcq lei lp glaejeplpeko pmc annrcvlpenk ng ekknwlpenk rvlapepenkcvq lk` ekknwlpenk rnjeau)ildcvq lavnqq fnv`cvq+Pmc ankacrp ng pmc EKKN)Kcpq mlq fcck rlvpeasjlvju qsaacqqgsj ek glaejeplpeko rlvpkcvqmerq lk` ek `cinkqpvlpekopmc qanrc gnv anirjcickplvepecq fcpcck CS lk` klpenklj lapenkq+ Pmc EKKN)Jclvkeko Rjlpgnvi mlq mcjrcèk c}rjnveko lk` pcqpeko pmc l``c` wljsc ng plvocpc` pvlkqklpenklj annrcvlpenk fcpcck Icifcv Qplpcq lk`vcoenkq lk` ek jlskameko l invc vcosjlv èljnosc fcpcck klpenklj lk` vcoenklj rsfjeaju gsk`c` ekknwlpenklockaecq+ Gsvpmcvinvc* pmc kc Csvnrclk Pcvvepnvelj Annrcvlpenk nfhcapewc ng Anmcqenk Rnjeau gnasq nk ekknwl)

1? Qcc8 mppr8..ca+csvnrl+cs.ovnpmlk`hnfq.r`g.csvnrclk)èickqenk)622?


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penk* mlq ajsqpcvq lk` QICq lq nkc ng epq eirnvplkp rvenvepecq1=+ Pmc Vcoenkq nv Cankniea Amlkoc ekepelpewc* fsejppmvnsom EKPCVVCO EWA lk` SVFLAP* eq l rvnlapewc ekqpvsickp pn mcjr vcoenkq eirjcickp pmc vckcc` Jeqfnk lkÒnpmckfsvo lock`l+ Ep `vlq nk pmc c}rcveckac lk` onn` rvlapeac c}lirjcq ng meom rcv gnvilkac vcoenkq* epmpmc wec pn èqqcieklpc pmcqc rvlapeacq glqpcv pmvnsomnsp Csvnrc+ Pmc knwcjpu ng pmeq ekepelpewc eq pmlp pmc rlvpeae)rlpeko vcoenkq cwcjnr lapenk rjlkq* meam lvc pn fc eirjcickpc` fu pmc Ilkloeko Lspmnvepecq ng pmc QpvsapsvljGsk`q pmsq avclpeko l qnje` fveòc fcpcck kcpnvdq lk` Nrcvlpenklj Rvnovliicq+

Ljj pmcqc ekepelpewcq ankpvefspc pn ispslj rnjeau jclvkeko lk` pvlkqklpenklj annrcvlpenk ek qsrrnvp n ekknwl)penk+ Mncwcv* pmcvc eq qpejj isam vnni gnv eirvnwcickp epmek pmc c}eqpeko rnjeau ekqpvsickpq+ Gevqp ng ljj* knp ljjIcifcv Qplpcq lk` vcoenkq lvc lapewcju rlvpeaerlpeko ek pmeq rvnacqq+ Qnic Icifcv Qplpcq lk` vcoenkq lvc invc

ekpcvcqpc` ek pvlkqklpenklj annrcvlpenk lk` ispslj rnjeau jclvkeko pmlk npmcvq* lq vcstcapc` ek pmc èflcvckacq ekrlvpeaerlpenk ek pmc Aniiskepu rejnp lapenkq+ Qcank`ju* pmc asvvckp ekepelpewcq ilekju qsrrnvp kcpnvdeko lapewepecqvlpmcv pmlk pmc rvcrlvlpenk ng qpvlpcoea rnjeau lock`lq pn fc eirjcickpc` lp èflcvckp jcwcjq+ Pmc jcwcj ng life)penk ng pmc rejnp lapenkq eq knp ljluq meom cknsom pn ildc l vclj ankpvefspenk pnlv`q lamecweko fcppcv qukcvoecqfcpcck pmc èflcvckp rnjeau ekqpvsickpq lk` jcwcjq ek qsrrnvp ng ekknwlpenk+ Pmev`ju* pmc rvlapealj rvnfjciq pngnqpcveko pvlkqklpenklj annrcvlpenk ek pmeq cj` lvc rlvpeasjlvju ovclp* pldeko ekpn laanskp pmc wlvecpu ng rnjeauekqpvsickpq lk` pmc èflcvckacq ek qpvlpcoea ekpcvcqpq ng Icifcv Qplpcq lk` vcoenkq+

Pmc asvvckp rnjeau gvlicnvd gnv ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp ek Csvnrc nsj` mlwc pn fc qsfqplkpeljju eirvnwc` ek nv`cvpn ckqsvc fcppcv anirjcickplvepecq fcpcck pmc eflcvckp jcwcjq+ Pmcvc eq lk svockp kcc` gnv fcppcv annvèklpenklk` annrcvlpenk* pldeko ekpn laanskp pmlp lrrvn}eilpcju =7 fejjenk* vcrvcqckpeko 63# ng pmc pnplj Anmcqenk Rnjeau

1= Pmc Csvnrclk Pcvvepnvelj An)nrcvlpenk nfhcapewc qpvckopmckq avnqq)fnv`cv an)nrcvlpenk pmvnsom hnekp jnalj lk` vcoenklj ekepelpewcq* pvlkqklpenklj an)nrcvlpenkleieko lp ekpcovlpc` pcvvepnvelj cwcjnrickp* lk` ekpcvvcoenklj an)nrcvlpenk lk` c}amlkoc ng c}rcveckac+ Pmc rnrsjlpenk jeweko ek avnqq)fnv cv lvclq linskpq pn


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Gsk`q* mlq fcck ljjnalpc` pn vcqclvam lk` ekknwlpenk ek pmc asvvckp rvnovliieko rcven` -622?)62


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1+1 Fcppcv jcwcvloeko pmc vcqsjpq n CS rejnp lapenkq

Ek pmc rsfjea ankqsjplpenk* kclvju 6.1 ng pmc vcqrnk`ckpq ankqe`cvc` pmc glaejeplpenk ng pmc `cwcjnrickp ng kcpnnjq lk` ekqpvsickpq ek qsrrnvp ng ekknwlpenk pn fc wcvu vcjcwlkp* cwck invc qn pmlk evcapju rvnweèko CS)e`cqcvweacq nv nflcveko wckpsvc alreplj pn ckpcvrveqcq -fnpm 33#%+ Pmeq qcciq pn fc l ajclv ekèalpenk ng mn inqpvcoenklj nv klpenklj lapnvq ekpcvrvcp pmc qsfqeèlvepu rvekaerjc+

Rejnp lapenkq jlskamc` lp Aniiskepu jcwcj qsrrnvp ekknwlpenk rnjeau jclvkeko+ Pmcu ljjn pcqpeko ng kc qsrrnvpekqpvsickpq lk` ankpvefspc pn pmc `cwcjnrickp ng fcppcv rvlapeac ek qsrrnvp ng ekknwlpenk+ Mncwcv* pn mlwc lvclj eirlap pmc vcqsjpq kcc` pn fc pldck sr lq e`cju lq rnqqefjc* fu vcoenklj lk` klpenklj qsrrnvp rvnovliicq+Ljpmnsom qnic rvnovcqq mlq fcck il`c ek pmeq vcqrcap* pmc anirjcickplvepecq fcpcck vcoenklj* klpenklj lk`Csvnrclk qsrrnvp lapenkq lvc qpejj knp cflcapewc cknsom pn ckqsvc pmeq+ Lq l vcqsjp* pmc eirlap ng Aniiskepu rejnplapenkq ek qsrrnvp ng ekknwlpenk alkknp fc ankqe`cvc` nrpeilj+

Ek rvekaerjc* ljj `cjewcvlfjcq ng pmc rejnp lapenkq lvc il`c rsfjeaju lwlejlfjc+ Fsp `cqrepc pmc glap pmlp pmccf rnvpljq ng pmc pn ilek ekepelpewcq* Csvnrc EKKNWL lk` RVN EKKN Csvnrc* vclam l e`c aniiskepulk` lvc gsvpmcv qsrrnvpc` fu l rvn)lapewc aniiskealpenk qpvlpcou* pmcvc eq jeppjc cwe`ckac pmlp vcoenklj lk`

klpenklj ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp lockaecq lk` iekeqpvecq pldc isam ekqrevlpenk gvni pmeq nggcv+ Pmeq ilu mlwcèggcvckp vclqnkq8

Gevqpju* pmc èqqcieklpenk ng onn` nv fcppcv rvlapeac pmvnsom `lplflqcq lk` npmcv cjcapvnkea iclkq `ncq knpqcci pn fc pmc inqp cggcapewc aniiskealpenk amlkkcj gnv pmeq rsvrnqc+ Rnjeau jclvkeko `crck`q nk èvcapankplapq lk` ekpcv)lapewc aniiskealpenk+ Pmc ek`n ng nrrnvpskepu gnv eirjcickpeko fcppcv rvlapeac`cwcjnrc` lp Aniiskepu jcwcj eq vcjlpewcju qiljj+ Vcoenklj lk` klpenklj qsrrnvp rvnovliicq gnjjn pmcevnk nfhcapewcq* peicplfjcq lk` eirjcickplpenk in`cq+ Aniiskepu lapenkq lvc inqp ngpck knp ljeokc` epmpmcqc ankqpvlekpq* pmsq nggcveko e`clq gnv fcppcv rvlapeac knp kcacqqlveju lp pmc peic mck pmeq eq inqp kcc`c`+Pmeq aljjq gnv jc}efjc icamlkeqiq pmlp alk fc sqc` mck pmcvc eq `cilk` gnv kc nv fcppcv rvlapeacq ekqsrrnvp ng ekknwlpenk+

Qcank`ju* vcoenklj lk` klpenklj ekknwlpenk lockaecq nsj` nkju fc inpewlpc` pn gnjjn eqasqqenkq lp Csvnrclkjcwcj ajnqcju lk` pn ckoloc ekpn pvlkqklpenklj annrcvlpenk* eg pmeq qsrrnvpq pmcev nk lock`l+ Pmeq eq knp ljluqckqsvc` lq pmcvc lvc kn cflcapewc qpvsapsvcq ek rjlac pn ekwnjwc vcoenklj lk` klpenklj ekknwlpenk lockaecq invclapewcju ek pmc rvenvepu qcppeko lk` gsvpmcv eirjcickplpenk ng CS rejnp ekepelpewcq+ Pmcev jlad ng èvcap ekwnjwcickpieomp rvcwckp pmci gvni lqqsieko gsjj nkcvqmer ng lapenkq jlskamc` lp Aniiskepu jcwcj meam* ek psvk* mek`cvql jlpcv* jlvoc)qaljc pldc)sr ng pmc vcqsjpq+

Pmc e`c lfqckac n nkcvqmer fu Icifcv Qplpcq n pmc rejnp lapenkq `sveko pmc mnjc rvnhcap auajc gvni`ckepenk pn vnjj)nsp ng vcqsjpq* mlircvq pmc infejeqlpenk ng vcqnsvacq gnv pmc cqplfjeqmickp ng kc nv vckccèkknwlpenk qsrrnvp qcvweacq flqc` nk pmc vcqsjpq ng pmcqc rejnp lapenkq+ Pmeq ilu aljj gnv qpvnkocv ekackpewcq pnpldc sr pmc vcqsjpq ng Csvnrclk rejnp lapenkq+ Qsam l`èpenklj ekackpewcq ansj` fc hsqpec` fu rnqepewc nv kcolpewcc}pcvkljepecq ek alqc l Csvnrclk lrrvnlam eq gnjjnc`+ Rnqepewc c}pcvkljepecq nsj` c}eqp* gnv c}lirjc* eg pmc aniinksqc ng lk ekqpvsickp nsj` ljjn gnv vc`saeko pmc anqpq ng eirjcickplpenk nv nflcv l`èpenklj gclpsvcq* qsam lq

gnv fckamilvdeko rsvrnqcq+ Kcolpewc c}pcvkljepecq ansj` lveqc eg* sc pn pmc jlad ng in`cvk ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp ekqnic Icifcv Qplpcq* pmc ockcvlj ekknwlpenk rcvgnvilkac ek pmc CS nsj` fc lflcapc`+

Pmev`ju* pmc gsvpmcv pldc)sr n pmc vcqsjpq n Aniiskepu lapenkq ilu fc mlircvc` fu pmcev jlad n pvlkqcvlfejepu+_cjj)`ckc` lk` qplk`lvèqc` qsrrnvp qcvweacq lk` pnnjq alk invc clqeju fc ekpcovlpc` ekpn lk c}eqpeko gvlicnvdng qcvweac rvnweqenk+ Ek inqp alqcq* pmeq vc|sevcq l`èpenklj cflnvpq pn anègu qsam qcvweacq lk` pn ildc pmci invcockcvljju lwlejlfjc lq c}cirjec` ek alqcq qsam lq pmc ekknwlpenk ilklocickp rvnhcap EIRvnwc lk` pmc pvlek pmcpvlekcvq qamcic gnv ekpcjjcapslj rvnrcvpu ilklocickp er0ekkn* pmlp qmn pmc rnpckpelj fsp ljqn pmc efi asjpecq ng pmeqlrrvnlam+ Pn jlskam gsvpmcv qplk`lvèqlpenk lk` acvpealpenk lapewepecq vc|sevcq nkcvqmer ng pmc ekpcjjcapslj rvnrcvpufu lk ckpepu pmlp eq ejjeko pn qmlvc ep epm rccvq jlpcv nk+ Pmeq eq knp ljluq ckqsvc`+ Gsvpmcvinvc* qsam l`èpenklj nvdeq anqpju lk` kcc`q qpvnko `vewcvq* meam ilu vc|sevc gsvpmcv rsfjea gskèko fcunk` pmc rejnp rmlqc+

Invc stc}efjc qsrrnvp icamlkeqiq lvc kcc`c` pn glaejeplpc pmc gsvpmcv èqqcieklpenk ng fcppcv rvlapeac ek qsrrnvpng ekknwlpenk ek pmc CS+ Ek 6225* l kc rvninpenk rejjlv ejj fc cqplfjeqmc` sk`cv pmc Csvnrc EKKNWL ekepelpewcpmlp leiq pn lqqeqp nrcvlpeko rvnhcapq ek `cqeokeko* qplk`lvèqeko* acvpegueko lk` aniiskealpeko pmc vcqsjpq gnv le`c lk` clqu pldc)sr+ L qrcaea jeleqnk ovnsr ejj fc avclpc` pn lapewcju ekwnjwc kcpnvdq rvnweèko ekknwlpenk


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qsrrnvp qcvweacq lp Csvnrclk jcwcj* jedc pmc Ckpcvrveqc Csvnrc Kcpnvd* CFK32* RVNPNK Csvnrc3


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eirjcickpc` pmvnsom rejnp lk` ilvdcp vcrjealpenk rvnhcapq -qn)aljjc` Can)ekknwlpenk rvnhcapq% lk` pmc rvnweqenkng klkaelj ekqpvsickpq gnv QICq37 qrcaealjju ek qsrrnvp ng can)ekknwlpenk+ Ek l`èpenk* pmc jlqp aljjq gnv rvnrnqljqnk pmc gsvpmcv `cwcjnrickp ng pmc Csvnrc EKKNWL lk` RVN EKKN Csvnrc ekepelpewcq cvc eirjcickpc` ek ajnqcannrcvlpenk fcpcck @evcapnvlpc Ockcvlj Ckpcvrveqc lk` Ek`sqpvu lk` @evcapnvlpc Ockcvlj Ckwevnkickp+ _epmekpmc Csvnrclk Can)ekknwlpenk Rjlpgnvi -Can)ER% ng Csvnrc EKKNWL* pmc rsfjea)rvewlpc rlvpkcvqmerq ilkloc` fu@evcapnvlpc Ockcvlj Ckpcvrveqc lk` Ek`sqpvu ejj fc qsrrnvpc` fu pmc Can)ekknwlpenk Nfqcvwlpnvu lk` ejj ljqnfckcp gvni pmc kc EKKN)Kcp nk can)ekknwlpenk -ljqn aljjc` amlirenkeko can)ekknwlpenk%* meam lvc fnpmilkloc` fu @evcapnvlpc Ockcvlj Ckwevnkickp pmvnsom pmc AER)CER Can)ekknwlpenk ekepelpewc+ Gsvpmcv rnqqefejepecqgnv annrcvlpenk c}eqp ek pmc cj` ng ajsqpcvq* mcvc pmc Can)ekknwlpenk Nfqcvwlpnvu lk` pmc Ajsqpcv Nfqcvwlpnvu lvcc}rcapc` pn nvd ajnqcju pnocpmcv pn fcppcv ckc lk` lovcc nk fcppcv qplpeqpealj iclqsvcickp ng ckwevnkickpljajsqpcvq lk` lkljuqeq ng pmcev vcjcwlkac gnv can)ekknwlpenk3?+

Gsvpmcv qanrc gnv fcppcv annrcvlpenk fcpcck èflcvckp Aniiskepu lapenkq ek qsrrnvp ng can)ekknwlpenk c}eqpqepm vcqrcap pn pmc GR vcqclvam lk` `cinkqpvlpenk rvnhcapq+ Nkc ng pmc ilek vcaniick`lpenkq ng pmc qe}pm CPLRgnvsi nk can)ekknwlpenk3= lq pn vcekgnvac pmc jekdq fcpcck vcqclvam lk` pmc gnjjneko rmlqcq ng pmc ekknwlpenkamlek gnv aniicvaelj c}rjneplpenk ng can)ekknwlpewc qnjspenkq+ AER ckansvlocq pmc qsrrnvp ng pmc pldc)sr ng ekknwl)pewc pcamknjnoecq lk` ankacrpq lq cjj lq pmcev ekknwlpewc lrrjealpenk35+ Ep ljqn gnvcqccq pmlp gskèko pmc pvlkqgcv ng

vcqclvam vcqsjpq pn aniicvaeljeqlpenk eq l plqd pn fc alvvec` nsp ek ajnqc annvèklpenk epm GR? lk` npmcv vcjcwlkpvcqclvam rvnovliicq+72 Qsam annvèklpenk fcpcck pmc AER lk` pmc GR ansj` pmcvcfu fc vcekgnvac`+

Anmcqenk Rnjeau Gsk`q ljqn rjlu l avsaelj vnjc nv pmc eirjcickplpenk n CPLR+ Ekknwlpenk* ekajsèko can)ekknwlpenk* eq linko pmc ilek pmcicq ng anmcqenk rnjeau8 gnv pmc asvvckp 622?)62


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Fs`ocp Pnplj

:< ien 7


63/847

Meom Jn@nkp

dkn pmeqekqpvsickp

Csvnrclk Ekknwlpenk Qanvcfnlv` 13*5=# 67*70# 1?*1=#

EKKN)Rnjeau Pvck`amlvp lplflqc 6?*=2# 62*37# 3


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11+ Lvc uns liejelv epm pmc Rvlapealj ose`c pn CS sk`eko nv vcqclvam lk` ekknwlpenk>

Gliejelv epm pmc ose`c> Pnplj

Ucq 0?*62#

Kn 36*=2#

Ovlk` Pnplj


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Qsrrnvp pn e`ckpegu ekknwlpenk rnpckpelj -ekgnvilpenk nk ilvdcp kcc`q* ilvdcp ank`epenkq* kc vcosjlpenkq*kc pcamknjnou* cpa+%

< 6 1 0 3 70+0# =+?# 1?# =+?#


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?+ Gvni mni nsj` uns c}rcap ekknwlpenk qsrrnvp> -Rjclqc amnnqc 1 nrpenkq%

-


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Documents

Making public support for innovation in the EU more effective(Eng)/ Haciendo que el soporte público para la innovación sea más efectivo en la Unión Europea (Ing)/ Berrikuntzarako