Malzeme Bilimi - İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Prof.dr.Gültekin Göller Ders Notları

8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar

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LMD^CLC BDLYC LFCK@UD

Bdl =. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdookc Horo

Fmzrdmymkdmr

Zrai. @r. Hdtcgok Hddcr@a. @r. zhd GcdcMrm. Hr. pcg Mgk

=


2/38

Bdl =. Fc`cidcrBdl =. Fc`cidcr

Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdog Mdmkdmrktmktlmg (LBL)

Lmdzclcdcro skidmk`rlmg

2


3/38

crogcrog

=.=. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfckòsdoo Kcòr1

=.2. Lmdzclcdcrok Ukidmk`rdlms=.5. Lmdzclcdcrok Iakgsoyakcd admrmg

skidmk`rlms

=.0. _mpdmrkm hrc skidmk`rlm=.3. cvrcscd vc òcr ctgodcro=.9. Lmdzclc Pmsmrlvc Ucolo

5


4/38

Bdl =.=. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfckòsdo o Kcòr1

Lmdzclc Bodolo vc LfckòsdooLmdzclc bodolo lm``ckok zcddogdcroko vc guddmklmdmkdmrk odc bodol vc lfckòsdook `coogmdmkdmrk o okc mdmk òso dokdcr mrms bor bodol `md`r.

Lmdzclc bodolo tclcd admrmg lmdzclcdcrok ympvczc cr k kec cr.

0


5/38


@kymk

k cvrolo odc m`dmk`

r

dmk mdmr msd

k`mlmdzclc bodolokok tmrofoko stcror.

3


6/38


Lmdzclc bodolo scrmlogdcrok olmdmt odc bm dm mk u udmlmdbodol vc lfckòsdook ck csgo cgdoòr. La`crk lmdzclcbodolo hcrcgtc lctmdurno vc lm`ck bodoldcrok`ck trclotor.Lmdzclc bodolo mdmkk`m ympdmk ck byg m`l Xoddmr`

.

hstcrlcsoydc artmym gltr.

bdldcro admrmg osoldckòrodlcgtc oò. =?9: sakrms bumdmk`m lctmddcrok `k`m òcr lmdzclcdcrok`c okecdclc

mdmkkm `mfod còdlcso odc myr osol fmdok`c bdldcrmdlmym bmdmk`.

9


7/38

Bdl =.=. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdoo Kc`or1

Lmdzclc bodol`c mlm lmdzclcdcro oyoec tmkyp, mkdmymrmgcko lmdzclcdcrok gc ioko sm dmlmg vc u uk rascsdcr

tmsmrdmymrmg lmdzclcdcrok oksmkdk guddmklkmsukudlms`r.

8


8/38

Pa fcdp pratcetyaur provmey,ZawcrZaoktprcvcktc` tfoscxtcrkmdpoeturciralbcokh mutalmtoemddy awkdam`c`.Pa awkdam` mk` ospdmy tfospoeturc,edoeg Aptoaksok tfcLcssmhcBmr,mk` tfck edoeg Ckmbdccxtcrkmdeaktckt.


Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdoo Galpazosyak lmdzclckok golymsmd lmgymn`r.

_mp lmdzclc ocrosok`cgo mtaldmrk vcym oyakdmrk.

Ucktczdclc `amd admrmg adumk vcym golymsmdlmdzclcdcrdc adumk prascstor.

Zrascs ctlc, olmd ctlc, rctlcg lmdzclcdcrok

vcym zcddogdcrokok `cotorodlcso hobo bor ag `coogyaddm tmkldmkmbodor.

6


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?


10/38



zcddogdcr

Lcgmkog zcddogdcrSyhudmkmk ygc gmrlmdzclckok vcr`oo ecvmp admrmg

.

Iozogscd zcddogdcr, , , , ,

`mvrmkdmrkhstcror.

=:


11/38



_mp

Lmdzclcdcrok ymp

s

bor gm scvoyc`c okecdckcbodor- - -Mtalog @zcy- Mtal @zcko-Lograymp- LmgraympMtal

cdcgtrog, lmhkctog, sd vc aptog zcddogdcroko `mfm odcro hoòdòok`c garazyakòrckdcro, mtaldmr mrms bmdmr hzkkc mdk`k`m kc tr lmdzclcadùuku artmym gaymr7 lctmd, scrlmog, padolcr, ymr odctgck.GrostmdBor sakrmgo scvoyc mtaldmrk `zckdcrok uzmy`mgo fmddcroòr. Lctmddcr, ymr

odctgckdcr, scrmlogdcr vc padolcrdcr adùgm `zhk mtalog `zckdcrcsmfoptordcr. Grostmd ymp lcgmkog zcddogdcro ctgodcr.@ocr scrmlogdcr vc padolcrdcr `zhk mtalog `zckc smfop `codòrdcr.Bukdmr mlari vcym emls lmdzclcdcr admrmg m dmk rdrdmr.

==


12/38



mpLmdzclcdcrok ympsbor gm scvoyc`c okecdckcbodor

PmkcPmkc mykzcddogtc grostmd ympym smfop bdhcyc `ckor. Pmkc ympslctmddcr,scrmlogdcr, ymrodctgckdcr vc zmlmk zmlmk`m padolcrdcr`c hrdrdcr.Pmkckok ympscgdo lmdzclcdcrok borag iozogscd vc lcgmkog zcddogdcrok`cctgodo`ordcr.

Imzau lmdzclc bor`ck imzdm imz ocror. Fcr imz gck`okc zh mtalog `zckc

vc zcddogdcrc smfoptor. Bu imzdmrk bayutdmrkk `mdldmrkk gaktradu odc.Gmtsv-hmz vc pdmzlm lm``ckok `rt fmdo ymko imzdmr`r.

=2


13/38



Zrascs ctlc/rctlc

cgod vcrodlclolmdzclcdcr`ck ostckck cgoddo lmdzclcdcrorctlc yktcldcro`or.

Gmykmg, dcfoldclc, brmzokh, ymptrlm@vlc

Cgstrzyak

Fm``cdclclc lcdclc

=5


14/38

2::5 Braags/Eadc Zubdosfokh / Pfalsak Dcmrkokh

=0


15/38

2::5Braags/E

adcZubdosfokh/PfalsakDcmrkokh

cgod =.= Ucrmlog spcr odctgckdcrc lmdzclc bodolo vc.

scktczdclc vc prascs ctlc- galpazosyakuk borbordcrokc bmdvcpcriarlmks/lmdoyct armkzcrokc ctgodo ad`uu

=3

.


16/38

2::5Braas

/EadcZubdosfokh/falsakDcmrkokh

c . ala msmsk m u mk mk c cv m mr zcr kclmdzclc bodolo vc lfck`osdoo tctrmfc`rakuk uyhudmlms.

=9


17/38

2::5Braags/EadcZubdosfokh/PfalsakDcmrkokh

cgod =.5 Logracdcgtrakogtc guddmkdmk ymrodctgckpadolcrdcrc lmdzclc bodolo vc lfck`osdoo tctrmfc`rakuk

=8

.


18/38

B l =.2. Lm zclc crok Uk mk r lms

Pm`cvro

Pm7 scrt lokcrmd lm``c admrmg tmkldmklmgtm

Lm`ck `cvro

Lctmddcr vc mdm ldmr

Ucrmlogdcr, Emldmr, Eml-UcrmlogdcrZadolcrdcr (pdmstogdcr), tcrlapdmstogdcr vc tcrlasctdcr.

Galpazot lmdzclcdcr

Bu hrupdmr`mgo fcr lmdzclc `coog ympvc zcddogdcrc smfoptor.

=6


19/38


cdog, mdlokyul, lmhkczyul, okga, `glc `clor,

totmkyul, bmgr, kogcd vb.Osd odctgckdogdcro ygscgUkcg

c vcr c rag òrckeo ygscg

_mpsmd vc yg tmyemdmkdmr`m guddmklm uyhukùrdmr.

Umi lctmddcr ag mz guddmkdlmgdm bordogtc lctmddcrokgalbokmsyakdmrk`mk adumk mdmldmr `coog zcddogdcrohcdololmdzclcdcr rctlcg zcrc tcreof còdordcr.

=?


20/38


Pudm, eml, rcirmgtcrdcr vc mk`redmr.

@g cdcgtrog odctgckdooGrdhmk_gscg semgdg uyhudmlmdmrk`m ygscg òrck

arazyakm rck

Hckcd`c ymdtgmk lmdzclc admrmg guddmkdrdmr mkemgycko prascs tcgkogdcro odc yg tmye uyhudmlmdmr`m

`m guddmkdr fmdc cdlo dcròr.Aptog vc cdcgtrog zcddogdcro hcdotorodòok`ck cktchrc`cvrc vc iobcr aptog uyhudmlmdmr`m guddmkdmbodordcr.

2:


21/38

Zadolcrdcr


ms , p ms , vc ymp re mr.Arhmkog ladcgddcr`ck padolcrozmsyak prascso odc byg

ladcgdcr ympdmr aduturudmrmg rctodordcr.

a @g tcrlmd `orcka @ g cdcgtrog odctgckdo o

a @g lugmvclcta _gscg semgdg `orckeo `g

Pcrlapdmstog vc tcrlasct admrmg hckcd`c ogoyc myrdrdmr7 Pcrlapdmstog padolcrdcr`c zokeordcr ronot bm ympskm

scrhodcrdcr. Pcrlasct padolcrdcr`c ladcgdcr zokeordcr ag sg

2=

.


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23/38

Bdl =.2. Lmdzclcdcrok Ukidmk`rdlms

Galpazot Lmdzclcdcrgo vcym `mfm ag lmdzclc`ck aduurdmr.

, , ,

@g mrdgd u mvclc Ukcg _gscg semgdg `orckeo ygscgag `orckeo ygscg

25


24/38

Pmbda =.=. Fcr gmtc aro`cgo lmdzclc o ok rkcg

uyhudmlm mdmkdmrvc zcddogdcro

Syhudmlm mdmkdmr zcddogdcr

Lctmddcr vc mdmldmrHro glc clor Atalabod latar bdagdmr @gdcbodor, odckcbodor,

Ucrmlog vc EmldmrEmldmr- - ,

ymdtgmkZadolcrdcr

cskcg iodldcrc`ktrcbodor, fmvm

20


25/38

Syhudmlm Mdmkdmr zcddogdcr

_mrodctgckdcrUodosyul Prmksostr vc cktchrc cvrcdcr zcd cdcgtrogscd

`mvrmk

Galpazotdcr dclc mlmdguddmkdmk _gscg scrtdog,

-Ea (XE-Ea)

23


26/38

2::5Braags/EadcZubdosfokh/Pfalsak

Dcmrkokh

cgod =.0 @coog gmtcharo`cgo lmdzclcdcrok lugmvclctdcro

29


27/38

cgod =.3 Nct latarukuk gcsoto

k bmsk bdl `g vc artm

bu bdhcdcr`c totmkyul pmrmdmrguddmkdr. Mrgm ymklm a`msk`m cgod =.9 @coog galpdcgs

crood`oo ook kogcd tclcddo spcrmdmldmr hcrcgdo`or. @gmbug

scrml alpakckc cr, mk mr,bmgdmr bukdmr ygscgsemgdgdmr`m vcroldo admrmg trbok

mdulokyul vc galpazotdcr`ckymrmrdmkdr. (Eaurtcsy ai HCMorermit Ck okcs.

smdmrdmr. (Eaurtcsy ai Ecrtcef,Oke.)

28


28/38

2::5Braags/EadcZubdosfokh/PfalsakDcmrkokh

cgod =.8 Zadolcrdclc, gg ladcgddcrok (`morcdcrdchstcrodlo) `mfm byg ladcgddcr vcym padolcrdcr aduturlmg

Zadolcr ladcgddcro borag zokeor`ck aduurdmr bukdmr bordclovcym bordclclo(tcrlapdmstog) vcym bayutdu mprmz bmdzokeordcr tcrlascts adu turmbododcr.

26


29/38

cgod =.6 Zadolcrdcr`coog cdcgtrakog`cvrcdcr`c

cgod =.? Bodhosmymrcktchrc `cvrcdcro vcòcr cdcgtrakog

cgod =.=:Fcdogaptcrok V gmkm`gmrbak-iobcr-

guddmkdmbodordcr.rkcok,bodhosmymrdmr, kcl

mrmdmr ymrodctgckdcrok gckòkczh cdcgtorogscd

hdckòrodlopadolcr`ck aduur.(Eaurtcsy ai Uogarsgy

rcke s ck ckycrdcr`c vc `godctgckdog `ccrdcro

zcddogdcrokc oftoymùymrdmr. (Eaurtcsy

ai Rahcrs

Morermit @ovosoakSkotc` Pcefkadahocs

Earparmtoak.)guddmkdrdmr.(Eaurtcsy ai EPU

arparm ak.

2?

.


30/38

Bdl =.5. Lmdzclcdcrok Iakgso akcd Ukidmk`rdlms

Boyalc`ogmd Cdcgtrakog Lmdzclcdcr

kcr c ka a s vc cvrc c ka a s Lmkyctog Lmdzclcdcr Iatakog vcym Aptog Lmdzclcdcr Mgddlmdzclcdcr _mpsmd Lmdzclcdcr

5:


31/38

2::5Br

aags/EadcZubdosf

okh/Pfalsak

Dcmrk

.Lmdzclcdcrok

iakgsoyakcdokh

Lctmddcr,pdmstogdcr vc

gmtcharodcr`cycr mdlmgtm`r.Fcr gmtc aroook skrdsmy`m rkcg

vcrodlotor.

5=


32/38

Bdl =.0. Lmdzclcdcrok _mpdmrkm Hrc Ukidmk`rdlms

Grostmdok lmdzclc bor vcym borag grostmd`ck aduur.Fcr bor grostmd`c mtaldmr vcym oyakdmr uzuk pcroyaòg

`zck scr odcrdcr. Pcg grostmd tcg bor grostmd`ck adumk lmdzclcyc`ckor. Bu grostmd`c tmkc skrlcveut `codòr.

grostmddcròr. Zadogrostmd lmdzclc tcg grostmdok tcrsokc borag

. Pmkc skrdmr padogrostmd lmdzclc`c tmkcdcr mrms

bdhcdcròr.

52


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. .

Pmsmrl mmlmsk`m bcgdcklc`og `uruldmrdm

kkc mdklmd`r.

Garazyak _arudlm

c arlmsyak rmk

55


34/38

semgdg karlmd`clmdzcldcrok

lugmvclctokok`lcsokc yad mmr.Zadolcr lmdzcldcr`g semgdm

2::5Braa

uyhuk`ur. Bmzgalpazotdcr, zcdmdmldmr vc

gs/EadcZubdosfokh/

scrmlogdcr ygscgsemgdgdmr`m

lgcllcd zcddogdcrcPfalsakDcmrkokh

sm pt r cr.

50


35/38

2::5Braags/EadcZubdosfokh/PfalsakDcm

rkokh

.yzcydcrok`cgo apcrmsyak semgdgdmr ygscdlotor.(Mitcr L. Utcokbcrh, Ueocktoioe Mlcroemk, Aetabcr, =?69.)

53


36/38

cgod =-=0 V-55 umkk clmtog pratatopo. @coog gsldmrook `c

og lmdzcldcr guddmkdl

tr. Iral M Uolpdcr Ro`c

kta pmec, y . . mtt kh y, eta cr, , e ckt eMlcroemk, p. =23. Eapyrohft =??8 Udol Iodls.)

59


37/38

Bdl =.9. Lmdzclc Pmsmrlvc Ucolo

Lmdzclc scolok`c

Lmdzclckok ostckodck iozogscd vc lcgmkog zcddogdcro Lmdzclckok ostckodckcgdokc kmsd hctorodceco Lmdzclc vc uyhudmkmemg prascsok cgakalogdoo

sarhudmklmd

`

r. _aukdug lmdzclckok gtdcsokok fmelokc armk`r vc5 5 ..

Upcsoiog Lugmvclct lmdzclc lugmvclctokok yaukdumarmk`r. _gscg spcsoiog lugmvclct hd mkemg fmioi

.

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Malzeme Bilimi - İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Prof.dr.Gültekin Göller Ders Notları