8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
1/38
LMD^CLC BDLYC LFCK@UD
Bdl =. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdookc Horo
Fmzrdmymkdmr
Zrai. @r. Hdtcgok Hddcr@a. @r. zhd GcdcMrm. Hr. pcg Mgk
=
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
2/38
Bdl =. Fc`cidcrBdl =. Fc`cidcr
Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdog Mdmkdmrktmktlmg (LBL)
Lmdzclcdcro skidmk`rlmg
2
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
3/38
crogcrog
=.=. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdoo Kc`or1
=.2. Lmdzclcdcrok Ukidmk`rdlms=.5. Lmdzclcdcrok Iakgsoyakcd admrmg
skidmk`rlms
=.0. _mpdmrkm hrc skidmk`rlm=.3. cvrcscd vc `ocr ctgodcro=.9. Lmdzclc Pmsmrlvc Ucolo
5
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
4/38
Bdl =.=. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdo o Kc`or1
Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdooLmdzclc bodolo lm``ckok zcddogdcroko vc guddmklmdmkdmrk odc bodol vc lfck`osdook `coogmdmkdmrk o okc mdmk `oso dokdcr mrms bor bodol `md`r.
Lmdzclc bodolo tclcd admrmg lmdzclcdcrok ympvczc cr k kec cr.
0
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
5/38
Bdl =.=. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdo o Kc`or1
@kymk
k cvrolo odc m`dmk`
r
dmk mdmr msd
k`mlmdzclc bodolokok tmrofoko stcror.
3
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
6/38
Bdl =.=. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdo o Kc`or1
Lmdzclc bodolo scrmlogdcrok olmdmt odc bm dm mk u udmlmdbodol vc lfck`osdook ck csgo cgdo`or. La`crk lmdzclcbodolo hcrcgtc lctmdurno vc lm`ck bodoldcrok`ck trclotor.Lmdzclc bodolo mdmkk`m ympdmk ck byg m`l Xoddmr`
.
hstcrlcsoydc artmym gltr.
bdldcro admrmg osoldck`orodlcgtc o`o. =?9: sakrms bumdmk`m lctmddcrok `k`m `ocr lmdzclcdcrok`c okecdclc
mdmkkm `mfod c`odlcso odc myr osol fmdok`c bdldcrmdlmym bmdmk`.
9
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
7/38
Bdl =.=. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdoo Kc`or1
Lmdzclc bodol`c mlm lmdzclcdcro oyoec tmkyp, mkdmymrmgcko lmdzclcdcrok gc ioko sm dmlmg vc u uk rascsdcr
tmsmrdmymrmg lmdzclcdcrok oksmkdk guddmklkmsukudlms`r.
8
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
8/38
Pa fcdp pratcetyaur provmey,ZawcrZaoktprcvcktc` tfoscxtcrkmdpoeturciralbcokh mutalmtoemddy awkdam`c`.Pa awkdam` mk` ospdmy tfospoeturc,edoeg Aptoaksok tfcLcssmhcBmr,mk` tfck edoeg Ckmbdccxtcrkmdeaktckt.
Bdl =.=. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdo o Kc`or1
Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdoo Galpazosyak lmdzclckok golymsmd lmgymn`r.
_mp lmdzclc ocrosok`cgo mtaldmrk vcym oyakdmrk.
Ucktczdclc `amd admrmg adumk vcym golymsmdlmdzclcdcrdc adumk prascstor.
Zrascs ctlc, olmd ctlc, rctlcg lmdzclcdcrok
vcym zcddogdcrokok `cotorodlcso hobo bor ag `coogyaddm tmkldmkmbodor.
6
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
9/38
Pa fcdp pratcetyaur provmey,ZawcrZaoktprcvcktc` tfoscxtcrkmdpoeturciralbcokh mutalmtoemddy awkdam`c`.Pa awkdam` mk` ospdmy tfospoeturc,edoeg Aptoaksok tfcLcssmhcBmr,mk` tfck edoeg Ckmbdccxtcrkmdeaktckt.
Bdl =.=. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdo o Kc`or1
?
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
10/38
Pa fcdp pratcetyaur provmey,ZawcrZaoktprcvcktc` tfoscxtcrkmdpoeturciralbcokh mutalmtoemddy awkdam`c`.Pa awkdam` mk` ospdmy tfospoeturc,edoeg Aptoaksok tfcLcssmhcBmr,mk` tfck edoeg Ckmbdccxtcrkmdeaktckt.
Bdl =.=. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdo o Kc`or1
zcddogdcr
Lcgmkog zcddogdcrSyhudmkmk ygc gmrlmdzclckok vcr`oo ecvmp admrmg
.
Iozogscd zcddogdcr, , , , ,
`mvrmkdmrkhstcror.
=:
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
11/38
Pa fcdp pratcetyaur provmey,ZawcrZaoktprcvcktc` tfoscxtcrkmdpoeturciralbcokh mutalmtoemddy awkdam`c`.Pa awkdam` mk` ospdmy tfospoeturc,edoeg Aptoaksok tfcLcssmhcBmr,mk` tfck edoeg Ckmbdccxtcrkmdeaktckt.
Bdl =.=. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdo o Kc`or1
_mp
Lmdzclcdcrok ymp
s
bor gm scvoyc`c okecdckcbodor- - -Mtalog @zcy- Mtal @zcko-Lograymp- LmgraympMtal
cdcgtrog, lmhkctog, sd vc aptog zcddogdcroko `mfm odcro ho`od`ook`c garazyak`orckdcro, mtaldmr mrms bmdmr hzkkc mdk`k`m kc tr lmdzclcad`uuku artmym gaymr7 lctmd, scrlmog, padolcr, ymr odctgck.GrostmdBor sakrmgo scvoyc mtaldmrk `zckdcrok uzmy`mgo fmddcro`or. Lctmddcr, ymr
odctgckdcr, scrmlogdcr vc padolcrdcr ad`ugm `zhk mtalog `zckdcrcsmfoptordcr. Grostmd ymp lcgmkog zcddogdcro ctgodcr.@ocr scrmlogdcr vc padolcrdcr `zhk mtalog `zckc smfop `cod`ordcr.Bukdmr mlari vcym emls lmdzclcdcr admrmg m dmk rdrdmr.
==
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
12/38
Pa fcdp pratcetyaur provmey,ZawcrZaoktprcvcktc` tfoscxtcrkmdpoeturciralbcokh mutalmtoemddy awkdam`c`.Pa awkdam` mk` ospdmy tfospoeturc,edoeg Aptoaksok tfcLcssmhcBmr,mk` tfck edoeg Ckmbdccxtcrkmdeaktckt.
Bdl =.=. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdo o Kc`or1
mpLmdzclcdcrok ympsbor gm scvoyc`c okecdckcbodor
PmkcPmkc mykzcddogtc grostmd ympym smfop bdhcyc `ckor. Pmkc ympslctmddcr,scrmlogdcr, ymrodctgckdcr vc zmlmk zmlmk`m padolcrdcr`c hrdrdcr.Pmkckok ympscgdo lmdzclcdcrok borag iozogscd vc lcgmkog zcddogdcrok`cctgodo`ordcr.
Imzau lmdzclc bor`ck imzdm imz ocror. Fcr imz gck`okc zh mtalog `zckc
vc zcddogdcrc smfoptor. Bu imzdmrk bayutdmrkk `mdldmrkk gaktradu odc.Gmtsv-hmz vc pdmzlm lm``ckok `rt fmdo ymko imzdmr`r.
=2
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
13/38
Pa fcdp pratcetyaur provmey,ZawcrZaoktprcvcktc` tfoscxtcrkmdpoeturciralbcokh mutalmtoemddy awkdam`c`.Pa awkdam` mk` ospdmy tfospoeturc,edoeg Aptoaksok tfcLcssmhcBmr,mk` tfck edoeg Ckmbdccxtcrkmdeaktckt.
Bdl =.=. Lmdzclc Bodolo vc Lfck`osdo o Kc`or1
Zrascs ctlc/rctlc
cgod vcrodlclolmdzclcdcr`ck ostckck cgoddo lmdzclcdcrorctlc yktcldcro`or.
Gmykmg, dcfoldclc, brmzokh, ymptrlm@vlc
Cgstrzyak
Fm``cdclclc lcdclc
=5
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
14/38
2::5 Braags/Eadc Zubdosfokh / Pfalsak Dcmrkokh
=0
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
15/38
2::5Braags/E
adcZubdosfokh/PfalsakDcmrkokh
cgod =.= Ucrmlog spcr odctgckdcrc lmdzclc bodolo vc.
scktczdclc vc prascs ctlc- galpazosyakuk borbordcrokc bmdvcpcriarlmks/lmdoyct armkzcrokc ctgodo ad`uu
=3
.
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
16/38
2::5Braas
/EadcZubdosfokh/falsakDcmrkokh
c . ala msmsk m u mk mk c cv m mr zcr kclmdzclc bodolo vc lfck`osdoo tctrmfc`rakuk uyhudmlms.
=9
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
17/38
2::5Braags/EadcZubdosfokh/PfalsakDcmrkokh
cgod =.5 Logracdcgtrakogtc guddmkdmk ymrodctgckpadolcrdcrc lmdzclc bodolo vc lfck`osdoo tctrmfc`rakuk
=8
.
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
18/38
B l =.2. Lm zclc crok Uk mk r lms
Pm`cvro
Pm7 scrt lokcrmd lm``c admrmg tmkldmklmgtm
Lm`ck `cvro
Lctmddcr vc mdm ldmr
Ucrmlogdcr, Emldmr, Eml-UcrmlogdcrZadolcrdcr (pdmstogdcr), tcrlapdmstogdcr vc tcrlasctdcr.
Galpazot lmdzclcdcr
Bu hrupdmr`mgo fcr lmdzclc `coog ympvc zcddogdcrc smfoptor.
=6
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
19/38
B l =.2. Lm zclc crok Uk mk r lms
cdog, mdlokyul, lmhkczyul, okga, `glc `clor,
totmkyul, bmgr, kogcd vb.Osd odctgckdogdcro ygscgUkcg
c vcr c rag `orckeo ygscg
_mpsmd vc yg tmyemdmkdmr`m guddmklm uyhuk`urdmr.
Umi lctmddcr ag mz guddmkdlmgdm bordogtc lctmddcrokgalbokmsyakdmrk`mk adumk mdmldmr `coog zcddogdcrohcdololmdzclcdcr rctlcg zcrc tcreof c`odordcr.
=?
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
20/38
B l =.2. Lm zclc crok Uk mk r lms
Pudm, eml, rcirmgtcrdcr vc mk`redmr.
@g cdcgtrog odctgckdooGrdhmk_gscg semgdg uyhudmlmdmrk`m ygscg `orck
arazyakm rck
Hckcd`c ymdtgmk lmdzclc admrmg guddmkdrdmr mkemgycko prascs tcgkogdcro odc yg tmye uyhudmlmdmr`m
`m guddmkdr fmdc cdlo dcr`or.Aptog vc cdcgtrog zcddogdcro hcdotorod`ook`ck cktchrc`cvrc vc iobcr aptog uyhudmlmdmr`m guddmkdmbodordcr.
2:
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
21/38
Zadolcrdcr
B l =.2. Lm zclc crok Uk mk r lms
ms , p ms , vc ymp re mr.Arhmkog ladcgddcr`ck padolcrozmsyak prascso odc byg
ladcgdcr ympdmr aduturudmrmg rctodordcr.
a @g tcrlmd `orcka @ g cdcgtrog odctgckdo o
a @g lugmvclcta _gscg semgdg `orckeo `g
Pcrlapdmstog vc tcrlasct admrmg hckcd`c ogoyc myrdrdmr7 Pcrlapdmstog padolcrdcr`c zokeordcr ronot bm ympskm
scrhodcrdcr. Pcrlasct padolcrdcr`c ladcgdcr zokeordcr ag sg
2=
.
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
22/38
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
23/38
Bdl =.2. Lmdzclcdcrok Ukidmk`rdlms
Galpazot Lmdzclcdcrgo vcym `mfm ag lmdzclc`ck aduurdmr.
, , ,
@g mrdgd u mvclc Ukcg _gscg semgdg `orckeo ygscgag `orckeo ygscg
25
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
24/38
Pmbda =.=. Fcr gmtc aro`cgo lmdzclc o ok rkcg
uyhudmlm mdmkdmrvc zcddogdcro
Syhudmlm mdmkdmr zcddogdcr
Lctmddcr vc mdmldmrHro glc clor Atalabod latar bdagdmr @gdcbodor, odckcbodor,
Ucrmlog vc EmldmrEmldmr- - ,
ymdtgmkZadolcrdcr
cskcg iodldcrc`ktrcbodor, fmvm
20
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
25/38
Syhudmlm Mdmkdmr zcddogdcr
_mrodctgckdcrUodosyul Prmksostr vc cktchrc cvrcdcr zcd cdcgtrogscd
`mvrmk
Galpazotdcr dclc mlmdguddmkdmk _gscg scrtdog,
-Ea (XE-Ea)
23
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
26/38
2::5Braags/EadcZubdosfokh/Pfalsak
Dcmrkokh
cgod =.0 @coog gmtcharo`cgo lmdzclcdcrok lugmvclctdcro
29
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
27/38
cgod =.3 Nct latarukuk gcsoto
k bmsk bdl `g vc artm
bu bdhcdcr`c totmkyul pmrmdmrguddmkdr. Mrgm ymklm a`msk`m cgod =.9 @coog galpdcgs
crood`oo ook kogcd tclcddo spcrmdmldmr hcrcgdo`or. @gmbug
scrml alpakckc cr, mk mr,bmgdmr bukdmr ygscgsemgdgdmr`m vcroldo admrmg trbok
mdulokyul vc galpazotdcr`ckymrmrdmkdr. (Eaurtcsy ai HCMorermit Ck okcs.
smdmrdmr. (Eaurtcsy ai Ecrtcef,Oke.)
28
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
28/38
2::5Braags/EadcZubdosfokh/PfalsakDcmrkokh
cgod =.8 Zadolcrdclc, gg ladcgddcrok (`morcdcrdchstcrodlo) `mfm byg ladcgddcr vcym padolcrdcr aduturlmg
Zadolcr ladcgddcro borag zokeor`ck aduurdmr bukdmr bordclovcym bordclclo(tcrlapdmstog) vcym bayutdu mprmz bmdzokeordcr tcrlascts adu turmbododcr.
26
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
29/38
cgod =.6 Zadolcrdcr`coog cdcgtrakog`cvrcdcr`c
cgod =.? Bodhosmymrcktchrc `cvrcdcro vc`ocr cdcgtrakog
cgod =.=:Fcdogaptcrok V gmkm`gmrbak-iobcr-
guddmkdmbodordcr.rkcok,bodhosmymrdmr, kcl
mrmdmr ymrodctgckdcrok gck`okczh cdcgtorogscd
hdck`orodlopadolcr`ck aduur.(Eaurtcsy ai Uogarsgy
rcke s ck ckycrdcr`c vc `godctgckdog `ccrdcro
zcddogdcrokc oftoym`uymrdmr. (Eaurtcsy
ai Rahcrs
Morermit @ovosoakSkotc` Pcefkadahocs
Earparmtoak.)guddmkdrdmr.(Eaurtcsy ai EPU
arparm ak.
2?
.
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
30/38
Bdl =.5. Lmdzclcdcrok Iakgso akcd Ukidmk`rdlms
Boyalc`ogmd Cdcgtrakog Lmdzclcdcr
kcr c ka a s vc cvrc c ka a s Lmkyctog Lmdzclcdcr Iatakog vcym Aptog Lmdzclcdcr Mgddlmdzclcdcr _mpsmd Lmdzclcdcr
5:
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
31/38
2::5Br
aags/EadcZubdosf
okh/Pfalsak
Dcmrk
.Lmdzclcdcrok
iakgsoyakcdokh
Lctmddcr,pdmstogdcr vc
gmtcharodcr`cycr mdlmgtm`r.Fcr gmtc aroook skrdsmy`m rkcg
vcrodlotor.
5=
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
32/38
Bdl =.0. Lmdzclcdcrok _mpdmrkm Hrc Ukidmk`rdlms
Grostmdok lmdzclc bor vcym borag grostmd`ck aduur.Fcr bor grostmd`c mtaldmr vcym oyakdmr uzuk pcroya`og
`zck scr odcrdcr. Pcg grostmd tcg bor grostmd`ck adumk lmdzclcyc`ckor. Bu grostmd`c tmkc skrlcveut `cod`or.
grostmddcr`or. Zadogrostmd lmdzclc tcg grostmdok tcrsokc borag
. Pmkc skrdmr padogrostmd lmdzclc`c tmkcdcr mrms
bdhcdcr`or.
52
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
33/38
. .
Pmsmrl mmlmsk`m bcgdcklc`og `uruldmrdm
kkc mdklmd`r.
Garazyak _arudlm
c arlmsyak rmk
55
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
34/38
semgdg karlmd`clmdzcldcrok
lugmvclctokok`lcsokc yad mmr.Zadolcr lmdzcldcr`g semgdm
2::5Braa
uyhuk`ur. Bmzgalpazotdcr, zcdmdmldmr vc
gs/EadcZubdosfokh/
scrmlogdcr ygscgsemgdgdmr`m
lgcllcd zcddogdcrcPfalsakDcmrkokh
sm pt r cr.
50
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
35/38
2::5Braags/EadcZubdosfokh/PfalsakDcm
rkokh
.yzcydcrok`cgo apcrmsyak semgdgdmr ygscdlotor.(Mitcr L. Utcokbcrh, Ueocktoioe Mlcroemk, Aetabcr, =?69.)
53
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
36/38
cgod =-=0 V-55 umkk clmtog pratatopo. @coog gsldmrook `c
og lmdzcldcr guddmkdl
tr. Iral M Uolpdcr Ro`c
kta pmec, y . . mtt kh y, eta cr, , e ckt eMlcroemk, p. =23. Eapyrohft =??8 Udol Iodls.)
59
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
37/38
Bdl =.9. Lmdzclc Pmsmrlvc Ucolo
Lmdzclc scolok`c
Lmdzclckok ostckodck iozogscd vc lcgmkog zcddogdcro Lmdzclckok ostckodckcgdokc kmsd hctorodceco Lmdzclc vc uyhudmkmemg prascsok cgakalogdoo
sarhudmklmd
`
r. _aukdug lmdzclckok gtdcsokok fmelokc armk`r vc5 5 ..
Upcsoiog Lugmvclct lmdzclc lugmvclctokok yaukdumarmk`r. _gscg spcsoiog lugmvclct hd mkemg fmioi
.
58
8/10/2019 Malzeme Bilimi - stanbul Teknik niversitesi Prof.dr.Gltekin Gller Ders Notlar
38/38
56