MATLAB

. .

, 2012

32.973.26018.2 004.438

93

93 . .MATLAB. . .: , 2012. 768 .: .

ISBN 9785940746522

MATLAB, - , . MATLAB, - (GUI). MATLAB, , . MATLAB , - . , , .

MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademark of The The MathWorks Inc.Blockset, Toolbox and it components are trademark of The The MathWorks Inc.

32.973.26018.2 004.438

. .

, , . , . , .

. ., 2012ISBN 9785940746522 , , , 2012

........................................................................ 35

................. 40

1. MATLAB ........................................................................ 41

2. ........................................................ 91

3. ................ 151

4. .......................................................... 193

5. ......................................... 233

6. .............................................. 277

7. ................................... 341

4

8. ....................................... 383

9. ............................................ 441

10. , ......................................... 493

11. ......................................... 531

12. GUI ................................ 591

13. MATLAB ..... 659

14. MATLAB ............ 717

................................................ 743

........................................ 747

........................................................................ 35

................. 40

1. MATLAB ............ 41

1.1. MATLAB ... 42

1.1.1. ............................. 42

1.1.2. MATLAB ................ 43

1.1.3. ......................... 44

1.1.4. MATLAB 7 + Simulink 6 ........... 45

1.1.5. MATLAB ..................................... 45

1.2. MATLAB...................................... 46

1.2.1. MATLAB ............. 46

1.2.2. MATLAB ......... 47

1.2.3. MATLAB ................ 48

1.2.4. ...................... 49

1.2.5. .................................... 49

1.3. MATLAB ........................... 50

1.3.1. MATLAB ...... 50

1.3.2. ............... 53

1.3.3. MATLAB ........................................................ 54

1.4. MATLAB .................................. 55

6

1.4.1. ................... 55

1.4.2. .................... 55

1.4.3. ....................................................... 56

1.4.4. ....................... 57

1.4.5. .................... 58

1.4.6. .............. 58

1.4.7. .................. 59

1.4.8. MATLAB ............. 60

1.4.9. : () ...................... 62

1.4.10. .......................................... 63

1.4.11. ............................................................................. 64

1.5. ..................... 66

1.5.1. ................................................................. 66

1.5.2. ...................................................................... 67

1.5.3. ........................................................................... 68

1.5.4. () ...................... 69

1.5.5. ......................... 70

1.6. , m> ................................. 70

1.6.1. .......................... 70

1.6.2. ...................... 71

1.6.3. ................................................... 71

1.6.4. ........................... 72

1.6.5. m> .............................. 73

7

1.6.6. ........ 73

1.7. ............................................................................... 74

1.7.1. ...... 74

1.7.2. ............................. 75

1.7.3. .................................... 76

1.7.4. ................................... 77

1.7.5. .................... 77

1.8. ....................................................... 78

1.8.1. ............ 78

1.8.2. ............. 79

1.8.3. e^pi pi^e?...................................... 80

1.8.4. ................................................ 81

1.8.5. m> ................ 81

1.9. MATLAB ..... 82

1.9.1. MATLAB .............. 82

1.9.2. ...................... 83

1.9.3. ............................................ 84

1.9.4. fplot ...................................... 85

1.10. MATLAB ............................................................................. 86

1.10.1. ........................ 86

1.10.2. .................................. 87

1.10.3. ................................. 88

8

2. ............................................................... 91

2.1. MATLAB ................... 92

2.1.1. ............................... 92

2.1.2. ........................................ 93

2.1.3. who whos .............................................................................. 95

2.1.4. .................................. 96

2.2. ......................................................... 96

2.2.1. , ............................ 96

2.2.2. MATLAB ........................................... 97

2.2.3. File ................................................................. 97

2.2.4. ........... 98

2.2.5. .......................... 99

2.2.6. Edit ..... 99

2.2.7. ...................................... 100

2.3. m> ... 100

2.3.1. / m>.......... 100

2.3.2. .. 102

2.3.3. > > .. 102

2.3.4. ........ 103

2.4. MATLAB ..... 104

2.4.1. Graphics ............................... 104

2.4.2. 2D> MATLAB ..................... 104

2.4.3. MATLAB .................. 105

2.4.4. ..................... 108

9

2.4.5. ......................................................... 111

2.4.6. MATLAB ........................................ 114

2.5. ............................ 115

2.5.1. .................. 115

2.5.2. .................... 117

2.5.3. Tools ..................................... 117

2.5.4. .................................. 117

2.5.5. ................................................. 118

2.6. .................. 118

2.6.1. ................. 118

2.6.2. ......................... 118

2.6.3. Plot Tool ............................ 120

2.6.4. MATLAB .................. 120

2.6.5. ................................................................ 121

2.6.6. ....................................................... 123

2.6.7. ........................... 124

2.6.8. Tools ......................... 124

2.6.9. ... 125

2.6.10. ........................ 126

2.6.11. ... 127

2.6.12. 3D> ............................. 128

2.7. ................ 130

2.7.1. ............... 130

2.7.2. ............................................................................ 132

10

2.7.3. mat> ................................ 133

2.7.4. ...................... 133

2.7.5. .............................................. 135

2.8. .................................................................... 135

2.8.1. Help Desk .................. 136

2.8.2. ..... 137

2.8.3. ............ 139

2.9. MATLAB R2007 .............................................................. 140

2.9.1. MATLAB R2007a ............ 140

2.9.2. MATLAB R2007a............... 141

2.9.3. / MATLAB R2007a .............................................................. 143

2.9.4. MATLAB R2007a ....................................... 144

2.9.5. MATLAB R2007a,b................... 144

2.9.6. MATLAB R2007b ................... 145

2.9.7. MATLAB R2007b ......................... 146

2.9.8. MATLAB R2007a,b ............................................................ 148

3. ........................... 151

3.1. ........ 152

3.1.1. ... 152

3.1.2. ............................................ 153

3.1.3. ........................ 155

11

3.2. ........................................ 156

3.2.1. .......................................... 156

3.2.2. ..................... 159

3.3. ................... 161

3.3.1. ............................ 161

3.3.2. ............................................. 162

3.3.3. ..................... 165

3.4. ................ 168

3.4.1. ......... 168

3.4.2. ........................................ 173

3.4.3. .............................................. 177

3.5. ............................................... 180

3.5.1. ........................... 180

3.5.2. ...................... 181

3.6. .......... 182

3.6.1. ....................................................... 182

3.6.2. .................................................. 183

3.6.3. > ................................. 186

3.6.4. .................... 187

3.6.5. ................................................... 188

3.6.6. ................... 189

3.6.7. > ............................... 189

3.6.8. ..................... 190

3.6.9. > psi......................................... 191

12

4. ............................................................... 193

4.1. .... 194

4.1.1. ............................... 194

4.1.2. ...... 194

4.1.3. .......... 195

4.1.4. .............................................................................. 195

4.1.5. .............................. 196

4.1.6. ... 196

4.1.7. ...................................................................... 198

4.2. ....................................... 199

4.2.1. ............................................ 199

4.2.2. ............. 200

4.2.3. .......................... 201

4.2.4. .................................... 201

4.2.5. ..................... 203

4.2.6. ............................ 204

4.2.7. .................................................... 205

4.2.8. ................. 205

4.2.9. ........................... 206

4.3. ............................................................................ 207

4.3.1. ................................... 207

4.3.2. ................................................ 207

13

4.3.3. ................................................. 208

4.3.4. .................................................. 208

4.3.5. ............................................... 209

4.3.6. ............................. 210

4.3.7. .................................................. 210

4.3.8. .................................................. 211

4.3.9. .................................................. 212

4.3.10. ........................................ 212

4.3.11. ........................................... 213

4.4. ......... 213

4.4.1. .............................................. 213

4.4.2. ......................................................................... 215

4.4.3. ............................... 217

4.4.4. ................................. 217

4.4.5. ......................................................................... 218

4.4.6. ............................................................................ 219

4.4.7. ........................................................ 219

4.4.8. .................................. 220

4.4.9. .......................................... 220

4.4.10. inv, pinv ................ 221

4.4.11. LU> QR> .......................................... 222

4.4.12. ....................................................... 225

4.4.13. ................................................................ 227

14

4.5. ... 231

4.5.1. MATLAB ............................................................. 231

4.5.2. MATLAB 7.* ... 231

5. ................................................. 233

5.1. ........................................ 234

5.1.1. ............... 234

5.1.2. .................. 234

5.1.3. .................. 237

5.1.4. ........................................................................... 240

5.1.5. spy .. 241

5.1.6. ...................................... 242

5.2. .................... 245

5.2.1. ................................... 245

5.2.2. bucky......................... 246

5.2.3. ........................................ 246

5.2.4. .............................................................. 247

5.2.5. , ................................................... 249

5.2.6. ...................................................... 250

5.3. ........................... 250

5.3.1. , .................................................... 250

15

5.3.2. ................................................ 252

5.3.3. LU> .................... 253

5.3.4. ...................................................... 255

5.4. ....................................... 255

5.4.1. ......................... 255

5.4.2. : .... 257

5.4.3. .... 258

5.4.4. .......................................................................... 258

5.4.5. , ................................................... 259

5.4.6. ones, zeros, rand randn .......................... 259

5.4.7. ................... 260

5.4.8. reshape ...................................... 261

5.5. .................. 262

5.5.1. ............ 262

5.5.2. ................. 262

5.5.3. .............................. 263

5.5.4. ...................... 264

5.6. ....................................... 264

5.6.1. ................................................ 264

5.6.2. ...... 265

5.6.3. ................................... 266

5.6.4. ........................... 266

5.7. ...................................... 267

16

5.7.1. ............................... 267

5.7.2. ... 267

5.7.3. ................ 268

5.7.4. ..................................................... 268

5.7.5. ............................ 268

5.8. ...................................................... 269

5.8.1. ..................................... 269

5.8.2. cell ............... 270

5.8.3. ............................... 271

5.8.4. .............................................................................. 271

5.8.5. deal ................ 272

5.8.6. ...................... 273

5.8.7. ................ 273

5.9. ............................ 274

5.9.1. ................ 274

5.9.2. .................................... 275

6. ..................................................... 277

6.1. ................................. 278

6.1.1. .............. 278

6.1.2. ................ 282

6.1.3. ......... 283

6.1.4. ........................................ 284

6.1.5. ......................................................... 285

17

6.1.6. ............................................. 286

6.1.7. ............................ 287

6.1.8. ................. 288

6.2. ...................................................................... 289

6.2.1. ............... 289

6.2.2. ........................................... 290

6.3. ....................................... 291

6.3.1. ................................................. 291

6.3.2. ............... 292

6.4. ............................. 293

6.4.1. ............................................... 293

6.4.2. .......................................................................... 294

6.4.3. ...................................... 296

6.4.4. .......................................... 297

6.4.5. 3D> .......................... 298

6.4.6. 3D> ..................... 301

6.4.7. ..................... 301

6.5. 3D> ................................................................... 302

6.5.1. ..................... 302

6.5.2. ................ 305

6.5.3. .................. 306

6.5.4. ............................................................................. 307

18

6.5.5. .. 308

6.5.6. ............. 310

6.5.7. ............................ 310

6.6. ..................... 312

6.6.1. ................................ 312

6.6.2. .................................. 312

6.6.3. ...................... 312

6.6.4. ......... 315

6.7. ................................ 316

6.7.1. .................................. 316

6.7.2. ... 319

6.7.3. ................ 319

6.7.4. ............................. 321

6.7.5. ....................... 322

6.7.6. ............................... 324

6.7.7. .............................. 324

6.8. ............................... 327

6.8.1. ..................................... 327

6.8.2. ............................................... 328

6.8.3. .......................................... 328

6.8.4. .......................... 329

6.8.5. .............. 330

6.8.6. ........................ 331

6.8.7. ............................................. 332

6.8.8. ................. 333

19

6.8.9. ....... 334

6.8.10. ............ 335

6.8.11. ..................................................................... 335

6.9. ............................ 336

6.9.1. ........................................... 336

6.9.2. ................................................ 337

6.9.3. 3D> ............. 338

7. ........................................... 341

7.1. ....................................... 342

7.1.1. ................................ 342

7.1.2. ............................ 342

7.1.3. ............................... 344

7.1.4. MATLAB ................... 344

7.1.5. ............................ 345

7.2. ....................... 347

7.2.1. .......................... 347

7.2.2. ...... 347

7.2.3. ... 348

7.2.4. .......................................................................... 348

7.2.5. .......................................... 348

7.2.6. ............... 350

7.2.7. get .......................... 351

7.2.8. set ............ 352

20

7.2.9. ................................................. 352

7.2.10. ....................... 353

7.2.11. ....... 356

7.2.12. .................... 357

7.3. ............................ 357

7.3.1. ................................................... 357

7.3.2. ................. 359

7.4. GUI .... 362

7.4.1. GUI .................... 362

7.4.2. GUI ............... 364

7.4.3. GUI .......................... 365

7.4.4. ........................................................ 366

7.4.5. ........................................................................... 367

7.5. .......................... 369

7.5.1. OpenGL ................................. 369

7.5.2. ........................................................................ 370

7.5.3. .......................................... 370

7.6. ................................................................... 372

7.6.1. Path> ......................................... 372

7.6.2. ...... 373

7.6.3. ........................................................................ 375

21

7.6.4. ...................................... 375

7.6.5. ...................... 377

7.6.6. ................. 378

7.6.7. ... 379

7.6.8. .................................................. 381

8. ................................................ 383

8.1. () .... 384

8.1.1. ........................................ 384

8.1.2. ............................................................ 386

8.1.3. .......................................... 387

8.2. ..... 388

8.2.1. , ............................................. 388

8.2.2. .... 390

8.2.3. .................... 392

8.2.4. ............................ 392

8.2.5. ..... 393

8.2.6. ............ 393

8.2.7. qmr ........... 394

8.3. ............................. 394

8.3.1. ... 394

8.3.2. ......................................................................... 395

22

8.3.3. fsolve solve ..... 396

8.3.4. ............... 397

8.4. ..................... 398

8.4.1. ............ 398

8.4.2. > ......................................................... 398

8.4.3. ........ 400

8.4.4. .................................................. 400

8.5. ............................ 403

8.5.1. .................................. 403

8.5.2. .................................................................... 404

8.5.3. ............................ 407

8.6. ................................ 408

8.6.1. ...................... 408

8.6.2. ..................... 409

8.6.3. .......... 410

8.7. ...... 411

8.7.1. ....................................... 411

8.7.2. .......................... 412

8.7.3. ......................................... 412

8.7.4. ............................... 414

8.7.5. ..................... 415

8.7.6. ...................................................................... 415

8.7.7. ............ 416

23

8.8. () ........................................................... 416

8.8.1. ................................................. 416

8.8.2. ....................................................... 417

8.8.3. ................. 419

8.9. ...................................................................... 422

8.9.1. ........ 422

8.9.2. >> .... 423

8.9.3. ............................................... 426

8.9.4. ....................................................................... 427

8.9.5. ....................................... 429

8.9.6. ...................... 431

8.9.7. ......................................................................... 432

8.9.8. > ......................... 433

8.9.9. ....................................... 435

8.9.10. ................................................... 437

9. ................................................... 441

9.1. .............................. 442

24

9.1.1. ........................................................ 442

9.1.2. ............................ 443

9.1.3. .......... 445

9.1.4. .................. 447

9.1.5. .............. 447

9.1.6. ......................... 448

9.2. ........................ 449

9.2.1. ............................................ 449

9.2.2. ............................ 450

9.2.3. ............................. 451

9.2.4. .............. 452

9.2.5. ......................... 453

9.3. ....................................... 454

9.3.1. ......................................... 454

9.3.2. ............................................................................. 455

9.3.3. ....... 457

9.3.4. ................................... 458

9.3.5. ............................................................................. 459

9.4. .................... 460

9.4.1. ................................... 460

9.4.2. ................................ 461

9.4.3. .................... 461

9.4.4. ......................................... 464

9.4.5. ..................................... 464

25

9.5. ......... 465

9.5.1. .................................. 465

9.5.2. > ...... 467

9.5.3. ................ 467

9.5.4. ................... 469

9.5.5. ..................... 470

9.5.6. .................... 472

9.5.7. N> ....................... 473

9.5.8. ..................... 474

9.6. ..................... 475

9.6.1. ................................................................... 475

9.6.2. ........................................................................ 478

9.6.3. ..................... 479

9.6.4. 3D> .......... 479

9.6.5. .................. 482

9.7. ........... 484

9.7.1. ........................................................ 484

9.7.2. ... 485

9.7.3. .................... 487

9.7.4. ............................................................................ 488

9.7.5. ........................................................ 490

9.7.6. ................................................................. 492

26

10. , ................................................ 493

10.1. .......................... 494

10.1.1. .................... 494

10.1.2. ...................................... 496

10.1.3. ...................... 500

10.1.4. ....... 502

10.1.5. ...................... 503

10.2. ............................................... 504

10.2.1. .............................. 505

10.2.2. ......................... 507

10.2.3. ....... 510

10.2.4. ................................... 514

10.2.5. ............................... 517

10.3. ...................... 518

10.3.1. imfinfo........ 518

10.3.2. imread ............... 520

10.3.3. imwrite .................. 522

10.4. ........................ 526

10.4.1. .......................... 526

10.4.2. MATLAB 6.1/6.5 .......................... 526

10.4.3. ... 527

11. ................................................ 531

11.1. .......... 532

27

11.1.1. MATLAB .... 532

11.1.2. .............. 533

11.1.3. ........................................ 533

11.1.4. .................................... 535

11.1.5. , ... 536

11.1.6. ...................................... 537

11.1.7. .................... 538

11.2. M> ....................... 538

11.2.1. > ............ 538

11.2.2. M>>............................... 540

11.2.3. ............................ 541

11.2.4. global .......... 543

11.2.5. ................................ 543

11.2.6. ................................................ 544

11.3. ................. 545

11.3.1. ............................. 545

11.3.2. lasterr .................... 546

11.3.3. ...................................................... 547

11.4. .................................................................... 547

11.4.1. ................... 547

11.4.2. varargin varargout .......................... 549

11.5. m> ................ 550

11.5.1. m>> ......................... 550

11.5.2. P> ............................................... 551

11.6. ................................... 552

28

11.6.1. ................................................. 552

11.6.2. ifelseifelseend .............. 553

11.6.3. forend ............................................. 554

11.6.4. whileend ......................................... 556

11.6.5. switchcaseend ... 558

11.6.6. trycatchend ................................ 559

11.6.7. break, continue return ....................... 560

11.6.8. if while ................. 561

11.6.9. ........................... 561

11.7. > ...................................................... 561

11.7.1. ............................................... 561

11.7.2. ................................................. 562

11.7.3. .............................. 563

11.7.4. ......................................................... 564

11.7.5. > ......................................................... 564

11.8. Handle> inline> .................................... 565

11.8.1. handle> ..................................... 565

11.8.2. handle> ......... 566

11.8.3. Inline> ..................................................... 566

11.8.4. handle> inline> ............ 567

11.9. .............................................. 567

11.9.1. m> .............. 567

11.9.2. ................................ 568

11.9.3. m> ...................................... 568

29

11.9.4. , .................................................................... 569

11.9.5. m> ..................... 570

11.9.6. ................................. 570

11.9.7. m> ................................ 571

11.9.8. ................................. 572

11.9.9. ............................. 574

11.9.10. .................. 574

11.10. MATLAB 7 ...... 575

11.10.1. Profiler ..................................................................... 575

11.10.2. ................ 576

11.10.3. ..................................................................... 577

11.10.4. ........................................................ 577

11.11. MATLAB .. 579

11.11.1. ............................................... 579

11.11.2. !, dos, unix vms ................. 580

11.11.3. .... 580

11.11.4. ............................... 581

11.12. Java ................................................ 582

11.12.1. Java ......... 582

11.12.2. Java> ..................................................... 582

11.12.3. Java> ............. 584

11.12.4. Java> .................................................... 586

11.13. MATLAB> .................... 587

11.13.1. MATLAB> .... 587

30

11.13.2. MATLABCompiler ......................................................................... 587

11.13.3. m>> ......................... 588

11.13.4. ........... 589

12. GUI ................................................................................... 591

12.1. GUIDE .............................................................................. 592

12.1.1. GUIDE .............................................. 592

12.1.2. GUIDE ...................... 593

12.1.3. GUI ............. 594

12.1.4. GUI ........................................ 597

12.1.5. .................................... 600

12.1.6. ...................................................................... 602

12.2. ...................... 604

12.2.1. ..... 604

12.2.2. ......... 609

12.3. GUIDE ..... 612

12.3.1. ..................... 612

12.3.2. File ............................................... 614

12.3.3. .............. 615

12.3.4. ............................. 618

12.3.5. .............................. 619

12.3.6. Tools ............................ 620

31

12.3.7. GUI ... 622

12.3.8. GUI ........................................................... 629

12.3.9. .................... 634

12.3.10. ............ 639

12.3.11. GUI ............................................................................... 641

12.4. MATLAB ......... 642

12.4.1. ....................................... 642

12.4.2. ....... 643

12.4.3. ............ 644

12.4.4. ............... 645

12.4.5. ................. 647

12.4.6. ...... 649

12.4.7. .... 650

12.4.8. ...................................... 654

13. MATLAB ........... 659

13.1. MATLAB ............................ 660

13.1.1. MATLAB+Simulink ............................................................ 660

13.1.2. Simulink 5/6 .............. 660

13.2. Simulink .............................. 662

13.2.1. >> ... 662

13.2.2. Nonlinear Control Design Blockset ......................... 663

13.2.3. Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Blockset ................ 665

13.2.4. Fixed>Point Blockset ................ 667

32

13.2.5. Stateflow ................................ 667

13.2.6. SimPower System ................... 668

13.2.7. Report Generator MATLAB Simulink ............... 669

13.2.8. Real Time Windows Target WorkShop ................... 670

13.3. .............. 670

13.3.1. Symbolic Math Toolbox.......................................... 671

13.3.2. NAG Foundation Toolbox ....................................... 671

13.3.3. Spline Toolbox ...................................................... 672

13.3.4. Statistics Toolbox .................................................. 673

13.3.5. Optimization Toolbox ............................................. 674

13.3.6. Partial Differential Equations Toolbox ...................... 675

13.3.7. Fuzzy Logic Toolbox .............................................. 677

13.3.8. Neural Networks Toolbox ....................................... 678

13.4. .. 680

13.4.1. Control System Toolbox ......................................... 680

13.4.2. Robust Control Toolbox ......................................... 682

13.4.3. Model Predictive Control Toolbox ........................... 684

13.4.4. Communications Toolbox....................................... 685

13.4.5. m>Analysis and Synthesis ....................................... 685

13.4.6. Quantitative Feedback Theory Toolbox .................... 686

13.4.7. LMI Control Toolbox .............................................. 686

13.5. .......................... 687

13.6. .............................................................. 689

13.6.1. Signal Processing Toolbox ..................................... 689

13.6.2. Image Processing Toolbox ..................................... 691

13.6.3. Wavelet Toolbox .................................................... 695

33

13.7. ........... 699

13.7.1. Financial Toolbox .................................................. 699

13.7.2. Mapping Toolbox .................................................. 700

13.7.3. Data Acquisition Toolbox Instrument ControlToolbox ........................................................................... 701

13.7.4. Database toolbox .................................................. 703

13.7.5. Excel Link ............................................................. 703

13.7.6. Virtual Reality Toolbox............................................ 703

13.7.7. MATLAB Compiler ................................................. 704

13.8. MATLAB 6.5 ..................... 704

13.8.1. Curve Fitting Toolbox ............................................. 704

13.8.2. Instrument Control Toolbox .................................... 706

13.8.3. Developers Kit for Texas Instruments DSP .............. 707

13.8.4. Dials & Gauges Blockset ........................................ 708

13.8.5. Mechanical System Blockset.................................. 708

13.9. MATLAB 7+Simulink 6 .................................................... 709

13.9.1. Bioinformatics Toolbox ..................................................... 709

13.9.2. Genetic Algorithm and DirectSearch Toolbox ................................................................ 711

13.9.3. Video and Image ProcessingBlockset .......................................................................... 713

14. MATLAB ........................ 717

14.1. MATLAB ..................................................... 718

34

14.1.1. ............... 718

14.1.2. .................................................. 719

14.2. ............................................................ 721

14.2.1. USB> ................................................................. 721

14.2.2. MATLAB Instrument Control Toolbox ............................................... 722

14.2.3. ............................ 723

14.2.4. MATLAB> ............................................................ 724

14.2.5. MATLAB ... 728

14.2.6. MATLAB ........................................................................ 732

14.3. MATLAB .................................... 735

14.3.1. .................................................. 735

14.3.2. AFG3000 MATLAB ........................................................ 736

14.4. MATLAB .... 739

14.5. MATLAB , ................... 741

................................................ 743

........................................ 747

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The The MathWorks, Inc.3 Apple Hill DriveNatick, MA, 017602098 USATel: 5086477000Fax: 5086477101Email: info@The MathWorks.com

1

MATLAB

1.1. MATLAB ....................... 421.2. MATLAB .... 461.3. MATLAB ................................... 501.4. MATLAB ...................................... 551.5. .................................... 661.6. , m> ............ 701.7. ................. 741.8. ........................................ 781.9. MATLAB ...................... 821.10. MATLAB ....................... 86

MATLAB42

MATLAB . : , MATLAB. MATLAB . , MATLAB.

1.1. MATLAB

1.1.1. MATLAB , .

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34

. ( 1), ( 2), ( 3) . . , 2. MATLAB , .

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MATLAB . , () () , . MATLAB , .

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MATLAB44

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1.1.3. MATLAB, MATLAB R2006*/2007*, , 15003200 ( , ). (DROM) DVD. , PDF , . ( 56 /c) [67, 68]. MATLAB.

MATLAB :

Pentium , Pentium III, Pentium IV, Pentium M AMD Athlon, Athlon XP, Athlon MP ( MATLAB 2007a,b , Intel Core 2 Duo, MATLAB R2007b , Intel Core 2 Quad);

( CDROM DVD),, 8 , 256 ;

Windows XP/2000/NT/Vista ( WindowsNT4 5 6a);

256 ( 512 );

3200 (345 MATLAB );

USB , .

, Windows , Microsoft Word 97/2000/XP [67] Notebook, C/C++ / Netscape Navigator 4.0 Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0

45

. PDF Adobe Reader Adobe Acrobat 5.0 .

, Windows. MATLAB, Windows XP.

1.1.4. MATLAB 7 + Simulink 6 MATLAB 7.* (R2006*/2007*) + Simulink 6.*/7 CDROM DVD. CDROM ( , ). MATLAB, .

MATLAB , . , Install PLP (Personal License Pasword). 20 . Install Next>. ( ) , , PLP. MATLAB MathWorks . MATLAB , MATLAB. PLP.

. . MATLAB R2007a,b, . DVD.

1.1.5. MATLABMATLAB , . , . , , .

MATLAB .mat .m. , . , , .

MATLAB

MATLAB46

, . .c ( C), MATLAB .mex . .exe.

MATLAB/TOOLBOX/MATLAB. m . .

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1.2. MATLAB

1.2.1. MATLAB MATLAB . . MATLAB R2006b. , MATLAB R2007a,b. . , , , MATLAB .

MATLAB ( , R2006b) Windows XP Windows. MATLAB MATLAB, . 1.1. , . About MATLAB, Help .

. , matlabrc, matlabrc.m startup.m, . .

47

1.2.2. MATLAB MATLAB (session). , MATLAB. , . , , ( .mat), save (). load () . diary (). .

. Windows XP/2000/NT4, .

. 1.1. MATLAB 2006b

MATLAB

MATLAB48

1.2.3. MATLAB MATLAB (. 1.1), , Windows. . .

Launch Pad/Workspace ( / ) CurrentDirectory ( ). Command History, . , MATLAB.

MATLAB R2006 . Desktop . , MATLAB . . 1.2. . .

. 1.2. MATLAB 2006b

49

1.2.4. MATLAB . MSDOS . , . 1.1.

1.1. MATLAB

Ctrl+bCtrl+bCtrl+bCtrl+bCtrl+b Ctrl+fCtrl+fCtrl+fCtrl+fCtrl+f Ctrl+Ctrl+Ctrl+Ctrl+Ctrl+ Ctrl+rCtrl+rCtrl+rCtrl+rCtrl+r Ctrl+Ctrl+Ctrl+Ctrl+Ctrl+ Ctrl+lCtrl+lCtrl+lCtrl+lCtrl+l HomeHomeHomeHomeHome Ctrl+aCtrl+aCtrl+aCtrl+aCtrl+a EndEndEndEndEnd Ctrl+eCtrl+eCtrl+eCtrl+eCtrl+e Ctrl+pCtrl+pCtrl+pCtrl+pCtrl+p Ctrl+nCtrl+nCtrl+nCtrl+nCtrl+n

DelDelDelDelDel Ctrl+dCtrl+dCtrl+dCtrl+dCtrl+d Ctrl+hCtrl+hCtrl+hCtrl+hCtrl+h Ctrl+kCtrl+kCtrl+kCtrl+kCtrl+k EscEscEscEscEsc InsInsInsInsIns / PPPPPgUpgUpgUpgUpgUp PPPPPgDngDngDngDngDn

. >> , , . . , .

1.2.5. :

cl ;

home ; echo on Script

(); echo off

Script; echo ; echo on all m;

MATLAB

MATLAB50

echo off all m; more on (

m); more off (

). MATLAB clc home

.

1.3. MATLAB

1.3.1. MATLAB MATLAB , ( ) , . MATLAB .

. , ( ) ENTER. . 1.2 .

: >>; ;

; ( ); ,

MATLAB ans; =,

:=, ;

(, sin) , ;

( >>); . (. . 1.3)

MATLAB . , Current Directory, . 1.1. MATLAB.

51

. 1.3.

, m .

sin(V) exp(V), V , , sin exp . MATLAB , 1n n1. , V, V.

, . , . M M(j,i), M , j i .

Workspace. , . ArrayEditor . 1.4. , .

MATLAB

MATLAB52

. 1.4.

, MATLAB . , . , MATLAB :To get started, select "MATLAB Help" from the Help menu. >> 2+3ans =

5>> sin(1)ans =

0.8415>> type sinsin is a built-in function.>> help sinSIN Sine.

SIN(X) is the sine of the elements of X.Overloaded methods

help sym/sin.m>> V=[1 2 3 4]V =

1 2 3 4

53

>> sin(V)ans =

0.8415 0.9093 0.1411 -0.7568>> 3*Vans =

3 6 9 12>> V^2??? Error using ==> ^Matrix must be square.>> V.^2ans =

1 4 9 16>> V+2ans =

3 4 5 6>>

, . MATLAB ans, .

1.3.2. MATLAB. , , . . , ans =

3 4 5 6

:ans = 3 4 5 6

MATLAB .

, . ... (3 ), :s = 1 1/2 + 1/3 1/4 + 1/5 1/6 + 1/7 ...1/8 + 1/9 1/10 + 1/11 1/12;

4096, m , . 256 .

MATLAB

MATLAB54

1.3.3. MATLAB MATLAB , . , >> bench

m bench.m (. 1.5).

. 1.5. MATLAB 2006b

Pentium 4 HT 2,6 . . 2 MATLAB .

55

1.4. MATLAB

1.4.1. . , ( ) . , MATLAB .

MATLAB: :2+3; 2+32^3* sqrt(y)/2; 2+3*003********/22.301*sin(x) 2,301sin(x)4+exp(3)/5 4+e3/5

. MATLAB . , , , , . . MATLAB , . , 23 2^3. ; ( ) , :>> 2^3;

ans ( answer ) :>> ansans = 8

1.4.2. MATLAB, . . . , , . . :0-32.301123.456e-24-234.456e10

MATLAB

MATLAB56

, , , . e. , . .

: z=Re(x)+Im(x)*i. Re(z) Im(z) . i j, 1:3i2j2+3i-3.141i-123.456+2.7e-3i

real(z) ,Re(z), imag(z) , Im(z). abs(z), angle(Z). :>> ians = 0 + 1.0000i>> jans = 0 + 1.0000i>> z=2+3iz = 2.0000 + 3.0000i>> abs(z)ans = 3.6056>> real(z)ans = 2>> imag(z)ans = 3>> angle(z)ans = 0.9828

, ( ).

1.4.3. >> format name

name . , :x=[4/3 1.2345e-6]

:

57

format short 1.3333 0.0000format short e 1.3333E+000 1.2345E-006format long 1.333333333333338 0.000001234500000format long e 1.333333333333338E+000 1.234500000000000E-006format bank 1.33 0.00

. , .

1.4.4. , (). (,1, 2 1.23) .

MATLAB , , , , . , MATLAB, :

i j ( 1); pi p = 3,1415926; eps (252); realmin (21022); realmax (21023) inf ; ans ,

; NaN (NotaNumber). :

>> 2*pians = 6.2832>> epsans = 2.2204e-016>> realminans = 2.2251e-308>> realmaxans = 1.7977e+308>> 1/0Warning: Divide by zero.ans = Inf>> 0/0Warning: Divide by zero.ans = NaN

, . eps , eps=0.0001.

MATLAB

MATLAB58

, . , , .

, ,:'Hello my friend!''''2+3'

, . '2+3' 5. . .

1.4.5. MATLAB , . , , . %, :% It is factorial function

MATLAB . :%

m , >> help _

m . .

1.4.6. , , , . , . .

59

MATLAB . , :_ =

. , . , , . , , 11.

( ) , 31 . , , . , , _. , +, -, *, / . ., .

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1.4.7. , (workspace). clear , :

clear ; clear x x; clear a, b, c . ( )

. , . :>> x=2*pix = 6.2832>> V=[1 2 3 4 5]V = 1 2 3 4 5>> MAT

MATLAB

MATLAB60

??? Undefined function or variable 'MAT'.>> MAT=[1 2 3 4; 5 6 7 8]MAT =

1 2 3 45 6 7 8

>> clear V>> V??? Undefined function or variable 'V'.>> clear>> x??? Undefined function or variable 'x'.>> M

??? Undefined function or variable 'M'.

, V, clear .

. MATLAB . Symbolic Math.

1.4.8. MATLAB . , +, -, * /. . , 2+3 + , 2 3 . .

, , . , * / , . , \ , .* ./ ,, .

:>> V1=[2 4 6 8]V1 = 2 4 6 8>> V2=[1 2 3 4]V2 = 1 2 3 4>> V1/V2ans = 2>> V1.*V2ans = 2 8 18 32>> V1./V2

ans = 2 2 2 2

61

, help ops. , :>> help ops

Operators and special characters.Arithmetic operators.Plus Plus +Uplus Unary plus +Minus Minus Uminus Unary minus Mtimes Matrix multiply *times Array multiply .*mpower Matrix power ^power Array power .^mldivide Backslash or left matrix divide \mrdivide Slash or right matrix divide /ldivide Left array divide .\rdivide Right array divide ./kron Kronecker tensor product

....................................................

, . . , , sin 2*sin(pi/2).

(), . , bessel(NU,X). NU X . , . , [Y1, Y2,...]=func(X1, X2,...),

Y1, Y2,... X1, X2,... ().

, help elfun, helpspecfun. () , m. , , sin(x) exp(y), sinh(x) . m. m, . MATLAB, .

MATLAB

MATLAB62

1.4.9. : () . , , . MATLAB : () :_::_

, , . .

, 1. , , . : :>> 1:5ans = 1 2 3 4 5>> i=0:2:10i = 0 2 4 6 8 10>> j=10:-2:2j = 10 8 6 4 2>> V=0:pi/2:2*pi;>> VV = 0 1.5708 3.1416 4.7124 6.2832>> X=1:-.2:0X = 1.0000 0.8000 0.6000 0.4000 0.2000 0>> 5:2ans = Empty matrix: 1-by-0

, MATLAB , , . :>> x=0:5x = 0 1 2 3 4 5>> cos(x)ans = 1.0000 0.5403 -0.4161 -0.9900 -0.6536 0.2837>> sin(x)/xans = -0.0862

. sin(x)/x , , !

, / , . , , . sin(x)/x, ./. :

63

>> sin(x)./xWarning: Divide by zero.ans = NaN 0.8415 0.4546 0.0470 -0.1892 -0.1918

, . , x = 0 sin(x)/x 0/0 1. , , MATLAB 0 . NaN, , 0/0 .

: . , 0 5 0,5:>> bessel(0:1:5,1/2)ans = 0.9385 0.2423 0.0306 0.0026 0.0002 0.0000

0 5 1:>> bessel(0,0:1:5)ans = 1.0000 0.7652 0.2239 -0.2601 -0.3971 -0.1776

, : . . .

1.4.10. MATLAB 1000 ( , ), . MATLAB . inline, , . sin(x) cos(y):>> sc2=inline('sin(x).^2+cos(y)^.2')sc2 = Inline function: sc2(x,y) = sin(x).^2+cos(y).^2

m. , m ( New File) m sc2 :function y=sc2(x,y)y=sin(x).^2+cos(y).^2

, type sc2 :

MATLAB

MATLAB64

>> type sc2function y=sc2(x,y) y=sin(x).^2+cos(y).^2

, , sc2(x,y), x y . :>> sc2(1,2)ans = 0.8813>> sc2(2,1)y = 1.1187ans = 1.1187

handle ( ) @:>> fh=@sc2;

feval(fh,x,y):>> feval(fh,1,2)y = 0.8813ans = 0.8813>> feval(fh,2,1)y = 1.1187ans = 1.1187

1.4.11. MATLAB . , . , , >> sqr(2)

ENTER. :??? Undefined function or variable 'sqr'.

, , , , sqr. , , . . . >> sqr(2)

. MATLAB Tab. , . sqrt. c

65

, , r. T, ENTER. :>> sqrt(2)ans = 1.4142

, Tab . .

MATLAB , . . , .m., , () :>> hsin(1)??? Undefined function or variable 'hsin'.>> sinh(1)ans = 1.1752

(), , . , hsin , m. , sinh MATLAB M, . , ! , , sin.

NaN( Not a Number ). , 0/0 Inf/Inf, Inf . ( ). , 0 Warning: Devide by Zero. (: ). , , 10308 10+308.

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MATLAB

MATLAB66

1.5.

1.5.1. MATLAB , , . , , . . , X=1, , X , 1, 11. , , . , , >> V=[1 2 3]V = 1 2 3

V, 1, 2 3 ( 31). . , ; ( ):>> V=[1; 2; 3]V =

1 2 3

. ; ( ). ( ) . , >> M=[1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];

, :>> MM =

1 2 34 5 67 8 9

, , :>> V= [2+2/(3+4),exp(5),sqrt(10)];>> VV = 2.2857 148.4132 3.1623

V(i) M(i, j). ,

67

>> (2, 2)ans = 5

5. M(i, j) x, M(ij)=x

, M(2, 2) 10, >> M(2, 2)=10

, MATLAB i j , i j 1. I J.

M(i) , . , . M:>> M=[1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]M =

1 2 34 5 67 8 9

>> M(2)ans = 4>> M(8)ans = 6>> M(9)ans = 9>> M(5)=100;>> MM =

1 2 34 100 67 8 9

, . MATLAB . , MATLAB 2007b nn, n = 248 1, n = 231 ( , , MATLAB 2007b). , , 18 .

1.5.2. [54] a + b * i, a , b i

MATLAB68

( 1). , :>> i=sqrt(-1);>> CM = [1 2; 3 4] + i*[5 6; 7 8]

>> CM = [1+5*i 2+6*i; 3+7*i 4+8*i]

:CM =

1.0000 + 5.0000i 2.0000 + 6.0000i3.0000 + 7.0000i 4.0000 + 8.0000i

, , .

1.5.3. , , . . , * , .* ., M , M.*2 , 2. , M*2 M.*2 .

. , magic(n) nn, , :>> M=magic(4)M =

16 2 3 135 11 10 89 7 6 124 14 15 1

>> sum(M)ans = 34 34 34 34>> sum(M)ans = 34 34 34 34>> sum(diag(M))ans = 34>> M(1,2)+M(2,2)+M(3,2)+M(4,2)ans = 34

magic . , .

69

, clear.

1.5.4. () . , 33:>> A=magic(3)A =

8 1 63 5 74 9 2

, :>> B=[A A+16;A+32 A+16]B =

8 1 6 24 17 223 5 7 19 21 234 9 2 20 25 1840 33 38 24 17 2235 37 39 19 21 2336 41 34 20 25 18

66. :>> sum(B)ans = 126 126 126 126 126 126

, . >> sum(B.')ans = 78 78 78 174 174 174

B.' B, . . , B . :>> D=magic(6)D =

35 1 6 26 19 243 32 7 21 23 2531 9 2 22 27 208 28 33 17 10 1530 5 34 12 14 164 36 29 13 18 11

>> sum(D)ans = 111 111 111 111 111 111>> sum(D.')ans = 111 111 111 111 111 111

MATLAB70

, ( ).

1.5.5. . [ ]. M:>> M=[1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]M =

1 2 34 5 67 8 9

, : ():>> M(:,2)=[ ]M =

1 34 67 9

, : (), :>> M(2,:)=[ ]M =

1 37 9

1.6. , mN

1.6.1. MATLAB , . . . , , .

( , ) pack, . ,

71

.

1.6.2. MATLAB .mat. save, :

save fname fname.mat;

save fname X X; save fname X Y Z X, Y Z. save ,

: -mat MAT, ; -ascii ASCII (8 ); -ascii -double ASCII (16 ); -ascii -double -tabs ; V4 MAT MATLAB 4; -append MAT. save , ,

:save('fname','var1','var2')

. , ,

, save . diary, .

1.6.3. , save. , :

diary file_name ;

diary off ; diary on . , diary off diary on,

. diary diary('file'), 'file' . diary:>> diary myfile.m>> 1+2ans = 3

,

MATLAB72

>> diary off>> 2+3ans = 5>> diary on>> sin(1)ans = 0.8415>> diary off

, 1 + 2 = 3 myfile.m, 2 + 3 = 5 , sin(1) = 0,8415 . , Script :1+2ans = 3diary offsin(1)ans = 0.8415diary off

, , . :>> myfile??? ans =Missing variable or function.Error in ==> C:\MATLAB\bin\myfile.mOn line 3 ==> ans =

, , , MATLAB , ans =. type :>> type myfile1+2ans = 3diary offsin(1)ans = 0.8415diary off

, .m, .txt. , .

1.6.4. ( ) load:

load fname fname.mat ,

73

save ( -mat .mat , );

load('fname',) fname.mat . ( ) load ,

, MAT.

*, . , loaddemo*.mat demo, demo1, demo2, demoa, demob . . .

1.6.5. m> MATLAB m, . m. New ( ), File MATLAB.

, 2 3 :2+3x=0:0.1:15y=sin(x)plot(x,y)

/ m . 1.6. , Run Debug () . 2 + 3 5 MATLAB. . . 1.6.

/ m , MATLAB, , . , . .

1.6.6. MATLAB , , . Ctrl C ().

,

MATLAB74

quit, exit Ctrl+Q. (, ) , save . load , .

1.7.

1.7.1. MATLAB , . >> helpHELP topics:matlab\general General purpose commands.Matlab\ops Operators and special characters.Matlab\lang Programming language constructs.

. 1.6. m

75

Matlab\elmat Elementary matrices and matrix manipulation.

Matlab\elfun Elementary math functions.Matlab\specfun Specialized math functions.................................................

, m , , MATLAB. . MATLAB.

, , MATLAB, . , .

1.7.2. >> help

>> doc

, . ops. , :>> help hsinhsin.m not found.

, , hsin m . :>> help sinh

SINH Hyperbolic sine.SINH(X) is the hyperbolic sine of the elements of X.

Overloaded methodshelp sym/sinh.m

sinh. , X.

MATLAB () , () . . , .

MATLAB76

MATLAB. :>> help pi

PI 3.1415926535897PI = 4*atan(1) = imag(log(-1)) = 3.1415926535897

help . , , MSDOS. doc HTML.

1.7.3. MATLAB , , . MATLAB. timefun:>> help timefun Time and dates. Current date and time. Now Current date and time as date number. Date Current date as date string. Clock Current date and time as date vector. Basic functions. Datenum Serial date number. Datestr String representation of date. Datevec Date components. Date functions. Calendar Calendar. Weekday Day of week. Eomday End of month. Datetick Date formatted tick labels. Timing functions. Cputime CPU time in seconds. Tic Start stopwatch timer. Toc Stop stopwatch timer. Etime Elapsed time. Pause Wait in seconds.

. , . .

77

1.7.4. MATLAB m m . lookfor

lookfor ' '

m, , . , .

lookfor. :>> lookfor 'inverse sin'ASIN Inverse sine.IS2RC Convert inverse sine parameters to reflection coefficients.RC2IS Convert reflection coefficients to inverse sine parameters.ASIN Symbolic inverse sine.

'inverse sin', . , ( ) MATLAB.

, Windows 95/98/Me/2000/NT4/XP/Vista .

1.7.5. :

computer , MATLAB;

help script m (Script);

help function m;

info MathWorks ;

subscribe ;

MATLAB78

ver MATLAB ;

version MATLAB;

version java MATLAB (Java);

what ; what name , name; whatsnew name readme

name ;

which name . , ,

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