ME2401 Mech QB 2014

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1/42MECHATRONICS QUESTION BANK 1

R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY

RSM NAGAR, PUDUVOYAL-601206

ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS

ME2401 MECHATRONICS

IV B.E. VII Sem. MEJun 3 Nov 3

UNIT I MECHATRONICS SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS

PART A

1.1) Define mechatronics.1.2) Define sensor. Give some examples.1.3) What are the types of systems?1.4) What are the key elements of mechatronics system? [AU, April / May - 2010]1.5) Mention the functions of a mechatronic system. [AU, May / June - 2013]1.6) What are the three phases of Mechatronics design process? [AU, April / May - 2011]1.7) What are the constituent elements of measurement systems? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]1.8) List the parameters to be considered for designing an intelligent mechatronic system.

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

1.9) What is meant by the term Real time mechatronics system?[AU, May / June - 2012]1.10)What is the large scale application of mechatronics?1.11)How precision machining is achieved in mechatronics systems?

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]

1.12)What is the use of signal conditioner?

www.Vidyarthiplus.com


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R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH / AQ / R2008/ ME2401 / VII / MECH / JUNE 2013 NOV 2013

MECHATRONICS QUESTION BANK 2

1.13)What do you understand by signal conditioning? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]1.14)List out the basic elements of a closed-loop system. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]1.15)Distinguish between open-loop and closed-loop system. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]1.16)Identify the various elements that might be present in a control system involving a

thermostatically controlled electric heater.

1.17)What are the elements of shaft speed control?1.18)What are the basic elements of an automatic camera?1.19)Write two factors that need to be considered in selecting a sensor for a particular

application. [AU, April / May - 2008]

1.20)Define range and span [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]1.21)Define error1.22)Define accuracy1.23)Define Sensitivity1.24)Define hysteresis error1.25)Define non - linearity error1.26)Define repeatability / reproducibility1.27)Define stability1.28)Define drift1.29)Define dead band / time1.30)Define resolution1.31)Define output impedance



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1.32)Define response time1.33)Define time constant1.34)Define rise time1.35)Define settling time1.36)Define displacement1.37)Define static characteristics1.38)Define dynamic characteristics1.39)

Define hysteresis error

1.40)Define transducer1.41)Define hysteresis loss1.42)Define photodiode1.43)Define Phototransistor1.44)Give an example for a transducer and state its transduction principle.

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

1.45)List any four types of sensors and mention their features. [AU, May / June - 2013]1.46)Define the power rating of a potentiometer. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]1.47)What are the factors to be considered while selecting the potentiometer?

[AU, May / June - 2012]

1.48)Define photoresistor1.49)Define positive temperature co-efficient1.50)Suggest a sensor that could be used for a furnace to monitor the rate at which the

heating oil flows along a pipe. The output from the measurement system is to be an



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electrical signal which can be used to adjust the speed of the oil pump.

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

1.51)Identify the sensor, signal conditioner and display element in the measurement systemsof a Bourdon pressure gauge. [AU, May / June - 2012]

1.52)State the concept of float manometer. [AU, May / June - 2012]1.53)Write notes on eddy current proximity sensor1.54)State the advantage of capacitive type proximity sensor. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]1.55)List out the different methods used for the measurement of displacement and proximity

and group them according to the concept used.

1.56)State the applications of position and proximity sensors. [AU, April / May - 2010]1.57)Why three concentric tracks are used in an optical incremental encoder?

[AU, April / May - 2008]

1.58)How can we measure the velocity and motion of an object?1.59)What do you mean by optical encoders? What are its types?1.60)What are the methods used for temperature measurements?1.61)What is the basic principle in thermocouples?1.62)What is RTD? State its applications. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]1.63)What are the liquid flow measuring devices?1.64)What is Hysteresis? [AU, April / May - 2011]1.65)Distinguish between measurement system and control system? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]1.66)Define gauge factor. What will be the change in resistance of an electrical strain gauge

of 2.1 and resistance 50 ohms if it is subject to a strain of 0.001? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]



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PART B

1.67)Define system, measurement system and control system. Also differentiate them.1.68)With an example explain the various functional units of a measurement system.

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

1.69)Identify the various elements present in the temperature control system used in arefrigeration system with a simple circuit. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

1.70)Explain the working of closed loop control employed in controlling the shaft speedwith a neat block diagram. [AU, May / June - 2012]

1.71)Identify the various elements of a closed loop system in an automatic water levelcontroller and describe their functions. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

1.72)Discuss about the closed loop control system employed to control the speed of thewelding torch. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

1.73)Explain the major elements of a feedback system with an illustration of an automaticwater level control system. [AU, May / June - 2012]

1.74)What do you mean by correction element, process element and measurement element?1.75)Explain about sequential controller.1.76)Explain what is meant by sequential control with a suitable example.

[AU, May / June - 2012]

1.77)Write the construction and working principle of engine management system.

1.78)Write short notes on automatic camera.1.79)What do you mean by microprocessor based controller? Explain with example.

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]

1.80)Explain in detail about a feedback controlled washing machine system.



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1.81)Give an overview of the mechatronic approach.1.82)Explain the static and dynamic characteristics of a transducer.[AU, April / May - 2008]1.83)Classify transducers by function, performance and by the output basis.

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]

1.84)Explain the static & dynamic characteristics of sensors? Explain.[AU, May / June - 2006, April / May - 2010, Nov / Dec - 2010]

1.85)List and define the dynamic characteristics of sensor. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]1.86)Write short notes on potentiometer sensor. Explain how it is used in the measurement

of displacement.

1.87)A potentiometer which is used to measure the rotational position of the shaft has 850Turns of wire. The input range is from 160 to + 160. The output range is from 0 V to

12 V. Determine [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

(i) The span(ii)

Sensitivity

(iii) Average resolution in volts.1.88)A potentiometer is used to measure the rotational position of the shaft has 1000 turns

of wire. The input range is from -170 to +170. The output range is from 0V to 12V.

Determine

(i)

The span(ii) Sensitivity(iii) Average resolution in Volts [AU, May / June - 2012]

1.89)Describe the rotary type potentiometer. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]1.90)How is angular displacement measured? Explain.



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1.91)Explain in detail about strain - gauge and its types.1.92)Explain the principle of various sensors used for measuring displacement.


1.93)Define capacitance. Explain in what ways it can be used for the measurement ofdisplacement.

1.94)Explain capacitive push-pull sensor and capacitive proximity sensor.[AU, April / May - 2008]

1.95)Explain about inductive proximity switch.1.96)Explain capacitive proximity sensor.1.97)Explain differential transformers.1.98)Explain the construction and working principle of LVDT and derive its output voltage.1.99)ExplainRVDT1.100)Discuss how displacement is sensed by LVDT. With neat sketch show how it can be

made phase sensitive. [AU, May / June - 2013]

1.101)Explain the method of measuring thickness using LVDT. List the difference betweenLVDT and RVDT [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

1.102)Briefly discuss the working of a RTD sensor and its characteristics with a neatdiagram. [AU, May / June - 2012]

1.103)How is the capacitance measurement used for displacement? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]1.104)Explain an incremental encoder. What are their applications? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]1.105)Explain incremental encoder.1.106)Explain incremental encoder and absolute encoder.



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1.107)With an aid of a neat sketch, describe the working of an absolute encoder.[AU, May / June - 2012]

1.108)Briefly discuss about the absolute encoder with a suitable schematic[AU, May / June - 2012]

1.109)Explain about a 3 - bit absolute encoder.1.110)Explain binary code and gray code.1.111)How are pneumatic sensors used to find the proximity of an object?1.112)What are the different types of proximity switches? Explain each with a diagram.1.113)Explain the Hall Effect sensor and its types. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]1.114)Explain the working principle of a photovoltaic cell with a neat sketch.

[AU, May / June - 2012]

1.115)What are the 6 different types of tachogenerator ? Explain each with a diagram.1.116)What is pyroelectric material ? How is it used for the measurement of motion of the

object?

1.117)Explain the construction and working principle of the dual pyroelectric sensor.1.118)Briefly discuss the working of a Total radiation pyrometer with a neat sketch.

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

1.119)Explain how force is measured.1.120)Explain the construction and working principle of a strain gauge load cell.1.121)Explain some of the methods used for the fluid pressure measurement with a diagram.1.122)What are the methods used for low pressure measurement? Explain any 2 with

diagrams.



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1.123)What are the methods used for high pressure measurement? Explain any 2 withdiagrams.

1.124)What is Piezo electric material ? Differentiate it from pyro electric material.1.125)Explain the construction and working principle of Piezo electric sensors.1.126)Explain about tactile sensors.1.127)What is RTD? Explain the relationship between resistance and temperature for the

RTD with temperature resistance curve. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, 2009]

1.128)Explain in detail about any 2 methods used for liquid velocity measurement.1.129)Explain the function of a capacitive sensor in a robot end effecter.

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

1.130)Write short notes on turbine meter and orifice plate.1.131)Explain turbine meter and floats.1.132)How is Bernoulli's principle used to measure the flow rate? [AU, May / June - 2013]1.133)Explain the construction of a Venturimeter with a neat sketch.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]1.134)Briefly explain the measurement of liquid level using float and rotameter with a neat

sketch [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

1.135)How Bourdon tube is used to measure the pressure? [AU, May / June - 2013]1.136)Explain about any 2 methods used for liquid level measurement with diagram.1.137)Explain with a neat diagram how the following are used for temperature measurement

a)Bimetallic strip b)Resistance temperature detectors.

c)Thermistors d)Thermodiodes



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e)Thermo transistors f)Thermocouples.

[AU, April / May2008, 2010]

1.138) What is the application of bimetallic strip? Discuss their types and principle ofoperation respectively. [AU, May / June - 2013]

1.139)Describe thermistors in detail with neat sketch. Which materials are used forthermistors? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

1.140)What do you mean by light sensors? Explain its types.1.141)How will you select a sensor? List out the factors considered for its selection.1.142)Suggest a sensor whose output is an electrical signal for the following and explain

them in detail

(i) Vacuum pressure measurement in the range of 10-2 to 10-6 torr(ii) Velocity of hot gas in a conduit [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

1.143)What are mechanical switches? Explain its types.1.144)Explain about

i) SPST ii) DPDT

iii) Debouncing iv) Debouncing a SPDT

v) Debouncing using D flip-flop vi) Schmitt trigger

1.145)Explain about keypads.1.146)Explain the basic elements of a Feedback system with an illustration of Shaft speed

control system. [AU, April / May - 2011]

1.147)Describe the principle, construction and working of LVDT with a neat diagram.[AU, April / May - 2011]



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1.148)Mention any six main factors to be considered in the selection of sensors forautomation. [AU, April / May - 2011]

1.149)Briefly discuss the working of a moving coil type velocity sensor with a neatdiagram. [AU, April / May - 2011]

1.150)Briefly explain any two mechatronics system with examples. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]1.151)Explain the difference between open loop and closed loop control systems.1.152)Explain the basic elements of a closed loop system with suitable examples.

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

1.153)Explain the functioning of a closed-loop system with a neat sketch for controlling thespeed of a shaft. [AU, May / June - 2006, Nov / Dec - 2010]



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UNIT II ACTUATION SYSTEM

PART A

2.1) Define actuation system2.2) Define pneumatic and hydraulic systems2.3) Name the control components in a hydraulic actuation system. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]2.4) List the advantages and disadvantages of a hydraulic system. [AU, April / May - 2010]2.5) What is meant by actuators? Classify it? [AU, April / May - 2011]2.6) A pneumatic system is operated at a pressure of 1000 kPa. What diameter cylinder

will be required to move a load requiring a force of 12 kN? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

2.7) Draw the symbols for a (a)pressure relief valve (b) 2/2 valve which has actuators ofa push-button and a spring (c) 4/2 valve (d) directional valve

2.8) Draw the sketches of 3/2 and 4/2 valves. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]2.9) Why are pilot operated valves used? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]2.10)What is meant by spool valve? What is function? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]2.11)Give the difference between single acting and double acting cylinder.2.12)What is meant by cylinder sequencing?2.13)Given an example of fluid control system2.14)Define the term control valve sizing.2.15)Define mechanism.2.16)What are the types of motion?2.17)Define degree of freedom.



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2.18)Write the basic relation to determine the degree of freedom.2.19)Define kinematic design.2.20)What is meant by kinematic chain?2.21)Define four bar kinematic chain.2.22)State the applications of gear train.2.23)What are the types of belts?2.24)List the materials used for belts. [AU, May / June - 2012]2.25)

State the difference between chain and sprocket. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

2.26)Write short notes on the working of a Ratchet and pawl mechanism.[AU, May / June - 2013]

2.27)Define mechanical switches.2.28)State any two differences between micro switch and reed switch.

[AU, May / June - 2012]

2.29)Define solenoids.2.30)List any four solid state switches. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]2.31)What is a darlington pair? [AU, April / May - 2008]2.32)What is a stepper motor?2.33)Highlight the properties of a stepper motor. [AU, May / June - 2013]2.34)What are the types of stepper motor?2.35)Define holding torque. [AU, April / May - 2011, May / June - 2012]2.36)A stepper motor is given a digital input rate of 50 pulses for one revolution. Find the

step angle. [AU, May / June - 2012]



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2.37)If a stepper motor has a step angle of 7.5, what digital input rate is required to producea rotation of 10 rev/s? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

2.38)A steeper motor is given a digital input rate of 40 pulses for one revolution. Find itsstep angle. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]

2.39)State the application of stepper motor and servo motor in mechatronic systems.[AU, April / May - 2010]

2.40)What is a servo motor? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]2.41)State the application of servo motor in Mechatronic system. [AU, Nov / Dec- 2010]

PART

B

2.42)Explain in detail the hydraulic and pneumatic power supply.2.43)Compare the hydraulic and pneumatic actuation systems used in automation.

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

2.44)Using a simple circuit explain the basic components required for hydraulic actuationsystem. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

2.45)Explain the working principle of a directional control valve.2.46)Describe the basic details of a (a)poppet valve (b)shuttle valve2.47)Explain the principle of a pilot-operated valve2.48)Why are filters used? Sketch various positions of filters in a hydraulic system.

[AU, May / June - 2012]

2.49)Briefly explain the working of the solenoid operated spool valve with a neat sketch.Give the symbols of 3/2 and 4/2 valve symbols.

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009, Nov / Dec - 2007]



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2.50)Explain how a sequential valve can be used to initiate an operation only when anotheroperation has been completed.

2.51)Explain the control of a double acting cylinder with a suitable pneumatic control.[AU, April / May - 2011]

2.52)Explain in detail cylinder sequencing.2.53)Explain the working principle of a process control valve.2.54)Explain the working principle of pneumatic diaphragm actuator.


2.55)Describe the construction and operation of bladder type air accumulator with a help ofa diagram. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

2.56)Explain the working principle of rotary actuators.2.57)Explain (a)four bar chain (b)slider crank mechanism.2.58)Analyse the motions of the following mechanism and state whether they involve pure

rotation, pure translation or are a mixture of rotation and translation components

a)The keys on a computer keyboard b)The pen in an XY plotter.

c)The pointer on a moving coil ammeter d)An automatic screw driver.

2.59)Explain the working of cams. Explain the types of cams.2.60)Explain various types of cam followers. [AU, April / May - 2008]2.61)Explain the different types of cam and followers. [AU, May / June - 2013]2.62)Explain various types of ball and roller bearings. Mention the application of each type.

[AU, April / May - 2008, 2010, Nov / Dec - 2010]

2.63)List the types of bearings and brief about each. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]



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2.64)Explain the different types of bearings.2.65)What are Antifriction bearings? Explain their characteristics and functions.


2.66)Discuss the working of a roller and thrust bearing with suitable diagrams.[AU, May / June - 2012]

2.67)List the various types of bearings. Also mention their capabilities and application[AU, May / June - 2013]

2.68)Write a short note on ratchet and pawl2.69)Explain the differences between belt and chain drives2.70)What are chain drives? Explain their uses with neat diagrams.[AU, May / June - 2012]2.71)Explain the working of cross and compound belt drives with neat sketch.

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

2.72)Discuss various types of belt drives used for power transmission. Make a comparisonbetween flat and its belt. [AU, April / May - 2011]

2.73)Explain the working of a compound belt drive with a neat sketch.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

2.74)Design a mechanical system which can be used to(a)Operate a sequence of micro switches in a timed sequence.(b) Transform a rotation of one shaft into rotation of another, close shaft which is at

right angles to it.

(c)Move a tool at a steady rate in one direction and then quickly move it back to thebeginning of the path.



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2.75)Atoothed gear has 72 teeth and circular pitch of 26mm, find pitch diameter, diametralpitch and module of the gear. [AU, May / June - 2013]

2.76)With a neat diagram, describe the working of solenoid. [AU, May / June - 2012]2.77)Explain thyrists and triacs in detail. [AU, April / May - 2008]2.78)Explain the working principle of relays.2.79)What are solid state switches? Explain them.2.80)Explain how a thyristor can be used to control the level of a D.C voltage by chopping

the output from a constant voltage supply.

2.81)Draw and explain the constructional features of a D.C Compound motor.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

2.82)Describe the construction and working of a compound motor with a neat schematic andexplain its performance curves. [AU, April / May - 2011]

2.83)Explain the principle of the brushless D.C permanent magnet motor.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]

2.84)Briefly discuss the working of a DC series motor and its characteristics.[AU, May / June - 2012]

2.85)Compare the functions of series wound D.C. motors and shunt wound D.C. motors.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, 2009]

2.86)Explain the constructional features of the DC motor with a neat sketch and discuss

about their steady state characteristics with suitable graphs. [AU, May / June - 2012]

2.87)With the help of proper control circuits explain the speed control of AC and DCmotors. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

2.88)Explain the principles of operation of the variable reluctance stepper motor.



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2.89)Explain the specification of a stepper motor in detail. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]2.90)Explain the working principle of stepper motor in half step mode.


2.91)How will you specify a stepper motor? Explain the general characteristics of a steppermotor. [AU, April / May - 2010, Nov / Dec - 2007]

2.92)With a suitable graph, explain the specifications and the characteristics of a steppermotor. [AU, Nov / Dec2011, 2012]

2.93)Write critical note on the following: (i)Back emf (ii) Pulse width modulation[AU, May / June - 2012]

2.94)Describe the working of an AC servo motor. [AU, May / June - 2013]2.95)Determine the input pulse rate if the stepper motor has 10 per step and rotating at 300

rpm. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

2.96)A flat belt, 7 mmthick and 95 mmwide transmits power between two pulleys runningat 1500 m/min. The mass of the belt is 0.85 kg/mlength. The angle of lap in the smaller

pulley is 155and the co-efficient of friction between the belt and pulley is 0.25. If the

maximum permissible stress in the belt is 2MN/m2, find the maximum power transmitted

and initial tension in the belt. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

2.97)An actuator has a stem movement which at full travel is 40 mm. It is mounted with alinear plug process control valve which has a minimum flow rate of 0 and a maximum

flow rate of 0.2 m3/sec. What will be the flow rate when the stem movement is 20 mm?


2.98)A hydraulic cylinder is used to move a billet in a production operation by a distance of150 mm in 15s. A force of 25Nis required to move the billet. Find the working pressure

and liquid flow if the cylinder with a piston diameter of 100 mmis available.

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]



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2.99)A hydraulic cylinder is to be used to move a work piece in a manufacturing operationthrough a distance of 50 mm in 10 s. A force of 10 kN is required to move the work

piece. Determine the required working pressure and hydraulic liquid flow if a cylinder

with a piston diameter of 100 mmis available.

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, April / May - 2010]



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UNIT III SYSTEM MODELS AND CONTROLLERS

PART A

3.1) What are the basic building blocks of the mechanical system?3.2) What are the various control modes in the mechatronics control systems?


3.3) What is meant by dashpot?3.4) Define stiffness.3.5) What are the characteristics of negative feedback? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]3.6) Define node analysis and mesh analysis in an electrical system.3.7) Define the following:

a)Hydraulic resistance b)Hydraulic capacitance

c)Hydraulic inertance d)Pneumatic resistance

e)Pneumatic capacitance f)Pneumatic inertance

g)Lag h)Steady state error

i)Combinational logic j)Sequential logic. [AU, April / May - 2008]

3.8) Define fluid inertance. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]3.9) What do you understand by steady state error and identify the sources of this error?

[AU, May / June - 2012]

3.10)Define Gray code.3.11)What is the largest decimal number that can be represented by the use of an 8 - bit

binary number?



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3.12)Write the analogous electrical elements in force-voltage analogy for the elements ofmechanical translational system. [AU, Nov / Dec2007, May / June - 2012]

3.13)Convert the spring-mass-damper system into an equivalent electrical system. Writedown the system equation. [AU, April / May - 2010]

3.14)Write the differential equation for the system shown in Fig. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

3.15)What are the limitations of two step control? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]3.16)Define Adaptive control. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]3.17)What are the various stages of operation of an adaptive control system?

[AU, May / June - 2013]

3.18)Convert the following binary numbers to decimal numbers (a)1011 (b)10 0001 0001.3.19)Why derivative controller is never used alone? [AU, April / May - 2008]3.20)Convert the decimal numbers (a)423 (b)529 to hex.3.21)Convert the BCD numbers (a) 0111 1000 0001 (b) 0001 0101 0111 to decimal3.22)What are the two complement representations of the decimal numbers (a)- 90

(b)- 35?

3.23)What even - parity bits should be attached to (a)100 1000, (b)100 1111?3.24)Subtract the following decimal numbers using twos complements (a)21 - 13

(b)15 - 3



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3.25)What are the three parts of a microprocessor system?3.26)Define embeded microprocessor.3.27)What types of process are suitable for ONOFF controllers?

[AU, May / June - 2012]

3.28)Identify the electrical equivalent of the following:a)Fluid pressure

b)Spring

c)Mass

d)Damper. [AU, April / May - 2011]

3.29)What are the features of an operational amplifier? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]3.30)What is PI control? [AU, April / May2011]3.31)What is PI controller? [AU, May / June - 2012]3.32)Draw a P-D controller using opamp. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]3.33)What are the steps involved in the operation of a digital controller?

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

3.34)What do you mean by discrete process controllers? [AU, May / June - 2013]3.35)What is meant by digital logic control? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]3.36)Draw the torsional spring mass system. Write down the system equation.

[AU, Nov/ Dec - 2011]



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PART B

3.37)Explain the system modeling of a chamber filled with fluid. [AU, May / June - 2013]3.38)Explain briefly a mathematical model of a vehicle moving on a road.

[AU, May / June - 2013]

3.39)Derive an equation relating the input angular displacement iwith the output angulardisplacement ofor the rotational system shown below.

3.40)Derive a mathematical model for a machine mounted on the ground to study the effectsof ground disturbances on the machine bed displacement. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

3.41)Derive the relationship between the output, the potential difference across the resistorR of VR, and the input V for the series LCR circuit shown below.

3.42)Derive a mathematical model for a resistor-inductor-capacitor system using Kirchoff'slaw. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]

3.43)Derive the differential equation governing the mechanical system of an electric motor.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

3.44)Obtain the differential equation of the system as shown in figure.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

3.45)Obtain the differential equation of the system as shown in figure.[AU, May / June - 2012]



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3.46)Derive the differential equation and draw the equivalent free body diagram for thesystem shown in Fig

3.47)Consider two masses connected together by a spring stiffness of K1and second mass isconnected to frame by a spring of stiffness K2 as shown in figure. Obtain the differential

equation for the system input x [AU, May / June - 2012]

3.48)Draw the equivalent free body diagram for the system shown in figure and derive thedifferential equation. [AU, May / June, Nov / Dec - 2012]



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3.49)Draw the equivalent free body diagram and write the equation for the system shown infigure. [AU, May / June - 2012]

3.50)Derive the differential equation for a motor driving a load through a gear system whichrelates the angular displacement of the load with time.

3.51)A motor is used to rotate a load. Device a mathematical model and draw themechanical model and equivalent model for the same. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]

3.52)Propose a model for a steeped shaft used to rotate a mass and derive an equationrelating the input torque and the angular rotation. Neglect damping.


3.53)Compare the control system performance for a system with proportional control and asystem with integral control. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, 2009]



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3.54)Explain the model building using the basic building blocks for a(i) Automobile suspension system(ii) Electrical motor [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

3.55)Explain in detail the rotational translational system, electromechanical system,hydraulic mechanical system.

3.56)Derive the differential equations for a D.C motor.3.57)Derive the differential equations for a D.C generator.3.58)Explain the control modes of the controller3.59)Explain the various types of control modes. [AU, May / June - 2013]3.60)Explain the construction or working of PID controller with a neat diagram. Also write

mathematical equations for this. [AU, April / May - 2010, Nov / Dec - 2011]

3.61)Explain the working of a PID controller with an aid of a neat circuit.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

3.62)Explain the working of PID controller with a neat sketch. [AU, May / June - 2012]3.63)Explain the characteristics of PID controller. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, 2009]3.64)Discuss the working of PID controller. [AU, May / June - 2012]3.65)What are the limitations of a two - step (on - off) control and in what situation is such a

control system commonly used?

3.66)Describe and compare the characteristics ofa)Proportional control

b)Proportional plus integral control

c)Proportional plus integral plus derivative control.



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3.67)Discuss in detail about PI and PD mode electronic controllers. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]3.68)Explain electronic proportional derivative (PD) controller with necessary circuit

diagrams.

3.69)Explain electronic proportional integral (PI) controller with necessary circuit diagram.[AU, April / May - 2008]

3.70)Explain the working of PI controller with a neat sketch[AU, Nov / Dec2011, May / June - 2012]

3.71)Write a critical note on continuous and discrete process controllers.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

3.72)Explain in detail adaptive control system.[AU, April / May - 2010, April / May - 2011]3.73)Explain the basis on which the following forms of adaptive control system function:

(a)Gain - scheduled (b)Self - turning (c)Model - reference

[AU, Nov/ Dec - 2011]

3.74)Explain AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR logic gates.

3.75)State the Boolean functions for each of the logic circuits shown below3.76)Simplify the following Boolean equations

(a)Q = A.C + A.C.D + C.D (b)Q = A.B.C + C.D + C.D.E

3.77)Use De Morgan's laws to show that a NOR gate with inverted inputs is equivalent to anAND gate.

3.78)Draw the Karnaugh maps for the following truth tables and hence determine thesimplified Boolean equation for the outputs.

3.79)State the applications of logic gates. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]3.80)With a help of a block diagram, explain Digital Logic Control. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]



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3.81)Explain in detail about digital controllers. [AU, May / June - 2013]3.82)Derive a mathematical model for a spring-mass-damper system.

[AU, Nov / Dec2010, 2012]

3.83)Compare the control system performance for a system with derivative control and asystem with proportional control. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]

3.84)Compare the control system performance for the system with a Derivative and Integralcontroller [AU, May / June - 2012]

3.85)Consider two masses connected together by a spring stiffness of K1 and the secondmass is connected to a frame by a spring of stiffness K2. Obtain a system differential

equation for the input x. [AU, April / May - 2011]

3.86)Explain in detail the following systems:.(a)Mechanical system (b)Rotation system (c)Electrical system

(d)Fluid system. (e)Thermal system

3.87)Explain fluid system building blocks. [AU, April / May - 2008]

3.88)Explain building blocks for thermal systems. [AU, April / May - 2008]3.89)Derive an equation relating the input force F, with the output displacement xfor the

system described below.



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UNIT IV PROGRAMMING LOGIC CONTROLLERS

PART A

4.1)Define programmable logic controller.4.2)What is a PLC? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]4.3)Write short notes on the basic arrangement of a PLC system. [AU, May / June - 2013]4.4)Describe the features which are specific to controllers in comparison with a computer.4.5)Mention the two specific features of PLCs. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]4.6)What is input and output processing? [AU, May / June - 2012]4.7)What is a status file?4.8)What are the data formats used in PLC?4.9)Discuss PLC memory.4.10) What do you understand by memory mapping? [AU, May / June -

2012]

4.11)What is an internal relay in PLC? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]4.12)Define sourcing and sinking.4.13)What is latching in PLCs? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]4.14)What is meant by latching in PLCs? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]4.15)Draw the ladder rungs to represent a latch circuit.

[AU, May / June - 2006, Nov / Dec - 2009]

4.16)State the function of counter. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]



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4.17)What is the need of a counter? Show the basic counting program using a ladderdiagram.

4.18)Draw a ladder diagram for a counter. [AU, May / June - 2012]4.19)What is cascading of timers? [AU, May / June - 2012]4.20)Define ladder logic. [AU, May / June - 2006]4.21)What are the logic functions that can be obtained by using switches in series?

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

4.22)Define the rules to be followed in ladder diagrams.4.23)What are the types of ladder diagrams?4.24)What are the factors necessary for the selection of PLC?4.25)What is meant by latching in PLCs? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]4.26)Device a PLC timing circuit that will switch an output on for 10 seconds and then

switch it off. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

4.27)What is shift register? How many data is required for a shift-register?[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009, April / May - 2011]

4.28)What is Shift register? What is the data required for a shift register?[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

4.29)State the purpose of shift registers. [AU, May / June - 2013]4.30)Obtain a NOR logic function using ladder program. [AU, April / May - 2010]4.31)Draw the ladder rungs to represent the following: A motor is switched on by pressing a

spring-return push button switch, and the motor remains on until another spring-return

push button switch is pressed. [AU, April / May - 2010]

4.32)How does PLC differ from relay logic? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]



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4.33)State the use of JUMP control in PLCs. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]4.34)Define interrupt and interrupt controller. [AU, April / May - 2011]

PART B

4.35)Explain the architecture of a PLC with a suitable bock diagram.[AU, May / June - 2012]

4.36)Draw a detailed block diagram and explain the architecture of PLC.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

4.37)Explain the configuration of a PLC. List the considerations in selecting a PLC.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

4.38)Draw and explain in detail about the architecture of PLC.Also explain about input/output channels present inPLC. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, April / May - 2011]

4.39)Compare the differences between the PLC and the computers. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]4.40)Enumerate the difference between a PLC and a personal computer (PC)

[AU, May / June - 2012]

4.41)Draw the ladder diagram and PLC program for the following logic gates :[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]

(a) AND (b) OR (c) NAND

(d) NOR (e) XOR (f) XNOR

4.42)Explain the logical functions performed by PLC.4.43)What do you mean by latching circuit ? Explain how it can be realized usingPLC.4.44)Explain about sequencing ladder circuit with an example.



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4.45)Write notes on instruction set used inPLC4.46)What do you mean by timer circuit ? Explain in detail about the following timer

circuit with the help of the ladder diagram andPLCprogram.

(a) ON timer (b) OFF timer

(c) Retentive timer (d) Reset timer

4.47)Explain the functioning of cascaded timers, on-off cyclic timers and delay-off timerswith ladder diagrams. [AU, May / June - 2006]

4.48)Draw and explain the cascaded timers in PLC. [AU, May / June - 2012]4.49)What is an internal relay? How is it used in PLC programs? Explain with a ladder

diagram

4.50)Explain the applications of internal relays and counters with neat circuit diagrams.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

4.51)Explain latchingwith ladder diagram. [AU, April / May - 2008]4.52)Draw and explain the ladder diagram for the following :

(i)Data Movement(ii)Data Comparison [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

4.53)Explain delay-on and delay-off timer with ladder diagrams. [AU, April / May - 2008]4.54)Explain reset latch circuit using internal relay.4.55)Explain the use of internal relays in PLC to control a pneumatic system with double-

solenoid valves and two cylinders. [AU, May / June - 2006]

4.56)What is a counter? Explain with an example using diagram.4.57)What are the different types of counters? Explain.



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4.58)Explain shift registers in PLC.4.59)Explain data handling inPLC.4.60)Explain the different operations carried out by a PLC in data handling.

[AU, May / June - 2006]

4.61)Using simple programs explain the data handling operations in a PLC.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

4.62)Define hand shaking. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]4.63)What are the different types of operations that can be done on data with a PLC ?4.64)Explain data movement operation with an example using ladder diagram and PLC

program.

4.65)Explain about data comparison operations with an example.4.66)Explain about arithmetic operations with examples.4.67)Explain about code conversion operations with examples.4.68)How would you control the speed of the motor using PLC? Explain with ladder

diagram.

4.69)Explain analogue input / output to PLC.4.70)Explain the basics of ladder programming used in PLC's [AU, April / May - 2008]4.71)What are the factors to be considered while selecting a PLC?

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, 2009]

4.72)Explain the selection of a PLC for specific application. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]4.73)Explain how you select a PLC and give specifications of a typical PLC.

[AU, May / June - 2006, April / May - 2008]



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4.74)Write a short note on jump control used in PLC using a ladder diagram.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]

4.75)Explain proportional temperature controller using PLC.4.76)Write the program instructions corresponding to the latch program4.77)Devise a system, using a PLC, which can be used to control the movement of a piston

in 2 cylinders so that when a switch is momentarily pressed, the piston moves in one

direction and when a second switch is momentarily pressed, the piston moves in the other

direction. [Hint : Use the two solenoid hydraulic piston

4.78)Explain how a PLC can be used to handle an analogue input / output.4.79)Devise a circuit that could be used with a conveyor belt which is used to move an item

to a work station. The presence of the item at the work station is detected by means of

breaking a contact activated by a beam of light to a photo sensor. There it stops for 100s

for an operation to be carried out before moving on and off the conveyor. The motor for

the belt is started by a normally open start switch and stopped by a normally closed

switch. [AU, April / May - 2008, 2010]

4.80)Device a PLC circuit for the following application: Consider a conveyor belt that is tobe used to transport goods from a loading machine to a packaging area. When an item is

loaded onto the conveyor belt, a contact switch might be used to indicate that the item is

on the belt and start the conveyor motor. The motor then has to keep running until the

item reaches the far end of the conveyor and falls off into the packaging area.

[AU, May / June - 2013]

4.81) Device a PLC circuit for the following application: Consider a simple goods lift tomove items from one level to another. The lift is to move upwards when a push button is

pressed at the ground level to send the lift upwards or a push button is pressed at the

upper level to request the lift to move upwards, but in both cases there is a condition that



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has to be met that a limit switch indicates that the access gate to the lift platform is

closed. [AU, May / June - 2013]

4.82)When it does this, a switch might be activated which has the effect of switching off theconveyor motor. The motor is then to remain off until the next item is loaded onto the

belt. [AU, May / June - 2013]

4.83)Devise a circuit that could be used with a domestic washing machine to switch onpump to pump water for 100 secinto the machine then switch off and switch on a heater

for 50 sec to heat the water. The heater is then switched off and another pump is to

empty the water from the machine for 100sec. [AU, April / May - 2008]

4.84)Devise a circuit that can be used to start a motor and then after a delay of 100 secstarta pump. When the motor is switched off there should be a delay of 10 sec before the

pump is switched off. [AU, April / May - 2010]

4.85)Devise a system using a PLC, which can be used to control the movement of a pistonin a cylinder using a 4/2 solenoid operated pilot valve. The piston is to move in one

direction when a proximity sensor at one end of a stroke closes contacts and in the other

direction when a proximity sensor at the other end of the stroke indicates it arrival there.

4.86)Draw the ladder diagram to represent(i) Two switches are normally open and both have to be closed for a motor to

operate.

(ii) Either of two, normally open, switches has to be closed for a coil to be energizedand operate an actuator.

(iii)A motor is switched on by pressing a spring-return push-button start switch andthe motor remains on until another spring-return push-button stop switch is

pressed. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]

4.87)Draw ladder diagrams and Explain the following: [AU, April / May - 2011]



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a) Cascaded Timers b) Latching circuit4.88)Create a ladder diagram for the following application: A pneumatic system with

double-solenoid valves controls two double acting cylinders A and B. The sequence of

cylinder operations are as follows: Cylinder A extends followed by cylinder B extending

then the cylinder B retracts and finally the cycle is completed by the cylinder A

retracting. Explain the logic of the PLC circuit used. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

4.89)A work piece is loaded on a conveyor belt and operates between two limits of travel Aand B. When limit switch at station A is activated, the conveyor moves forward. When

limit switch at station B is activated, the conveyor changes direction. Pressing the start

button causes the motor to run in the forward direction and pressing the stop button stops

the motor. Create a ladder logic diagram and explain. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, 2009]

4.90)Sketch a ladder diagram and explain for pressure alarm. Alarm should be sounded if asensor indicates the pressure above 2 bar and remain sounding until the pressure falls

below 1 bar. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]

4.91)Write the ladder logic programs for the ladder rungs shown in figure.[AU, May / June - 2012]

4.92)Study the ladder logic program in Fig. and answer the following questions:(i)What type of counter has been used to program?



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(ii)When would output Y1be energized?(iii)When would output Y2be energized? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

4.93)Explain how the shift register can be used to sequence the event with a neat diagram.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]

4.94)Discuss how a PLC can be used to handle an analog input. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]4.95)Explain in detail about the different types of input and output processing used inPLC.4.96)Explain the input / output processing of PLC.



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UNIT V DESIGN OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEM

PART A

5.1) Name the various stages in designing mechatronics system.5.2) List the seven modules of mechatronics design approach. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]5.3) List down the various stages in mechatronic system design. [AU, May / June - 2013]5.4) List the drawbacks of traditional design approach. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]5.5) Write the differences between traditional and Mechatronics system design.

[AU, April / May - 2008, 10]

5.6) Compare traditional and mechatronic design. [AU, May / June - 2013]5.7) What are the requirements to be satisfied before starting the timer?5.8) What is a timed switch? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]5.9) What is meant by Duty Cycle? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]5.10)What is a windscreen wiper?5.11)What are the configurations in operating stepper motor?5.12)List any four major sensors used in the mobile robot. [AU, May / June - 2012]5.13)What are the various movements of robots?5.14)Identify the sensors in a pick and place robot. [AU, May / June - 2012]5.15)What is the role of optoisolator in robot control? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]5.16)How is a traditional design of temperature control of domestic central heating system

improved by mechatronic design? [AU, May / June - 2006]

5.17)Identify the main sensors used in domestic washing machine. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]



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5.18)Domestic washing machine is a mechatronic approachJustify[AU, May / June - 2012]

5.19)Automatic camera is a mechatronics system - Justify.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2006, Nov / Dec - 2010]

5.20)Automatic camera is a mechatronic system. Comment on it. [AU, May / June - 2012]5.21)Compare and contrast the traditional design of a watch with that of a mechatronics

based digital watch. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

5.22)Compare and contrast the traditional and mechatronic design approach applicable foronline inspection. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

5.23)List down the various mechatronics elements in an automatic camera.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

5.24)What are the advantages of using a microprocessor in the place of a mechanicalcontroller for a carburettor of an automobile? [AU, April / May - 2008]

5.25)What do you mean by embedded systems? [AU, April / May - 2010]5.26)How is traditional design of flow control in a large pipe improved by mechatronics

design? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]

5.27)How a traditional design of pressure control in a large tank is improved bymechatronics design? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

5.28)Suggest a simple mechatronic design for the flow control in a large pipe[AU, April / May

2011]

5.29)Name the sensors used in car Engine management system. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]5.30)List any four major sensor used in the car engine management system.

[AU, April / May2011]



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PART B

5.31)Explain possible mechatronics design process stages. [AU, April / May2011]5.32)Explain the various stages in mechatronics design approach and state how it differs

from the traditional approach. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

5.33)Explain the difference between traditional and mechatronics design with 2 examples.5.34)Explain in detail the possible mechatronics design solutions for timed switches.5.35)Explain the possible ways of implementing wind screen - wiper motion.5.36)What do you mean by bathroom scales? How can it be implemented in different ways?5.37)Explain the construction and working of pick and place robot.

[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

5.38)Device a pick and place robot system explain the various mechatronics elements usedin the design. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009, May / June - 2012]

5.39)Discuss the mechatronic design of the pick and place robot with a neat control circuit.[AU, May / June - 2012]

5.40)Discuss the mechatronic design of the pick and place robot with a neat control circuit.[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

5.41)Explain the construction and working of car park barriers.5.42)Discuss mechatronic design of an automatic car park system.

[AU, May / June - 2006, 2012, April / May2008, 2011]

5.43)Explain about the mechatronic system design of an automatic car park barrier.[AU, May / June - 2013]

5.44)Design a mechatronics system for a automatic camera and explain the variousmechatronics elements. [AU, April / May - 2010]



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5.45)Explain automatic camera in detail with diagrams. Explain autofocussing system, lightsensors system and control system for motors.

5.46)Design a vehicle engine management system on the basis of mechatronics systemdesign. [AU, May / June - 2012]

5.47)Explain the car engine management system and discuss the parameters relevant to theengine performance [AU, April / May2008, Nov / Dec - 2007]

5.48)Explain about the basis of mechatronics system design considering vehicle enginemanagement system as example. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, 2009]

5.49)Draw the block diagram showing the interaction of various elements in a domesticwashing machine. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

5.50)Explain with a neat circuit, the control system and the communication system used inthe wireless surveillance balloon. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

5.51)Detail about the various functional components in a wireless surveillance balloonsystem. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

5.52)Explain about the design of a mechatronics system considering wireless surveillanceballoon as an example. [AU, May / June - 2013]

5.53)Draw and explain Don code reader.5.54)Consider a computer controlled machine tool (CNC machine tool) as a mechatronic

system. Discuss about the design considerations and design solutions to these

considerations.

5.55)Explain the various mechatronics elements required to design an automated guidedvehicle. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]

5.56)Design an engine management system and discuss the parameters relevant to theengine performance. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]



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5.57)Design a mechatronic engine management system and discuss the parameters relevantto the engine performance. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]

5.58)Design a mechatronics system for sorting parts based on height moving in a conveyor.Sketch the layout and highlight the design aspects. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]

5.59)Discuss various stages involved in the design of Mechatronic systems.[AU, Nov / Dec2010, 2012]

5.60)Compare and contrast the traditional and Mechatronic design approach for advancedmanufacturing. [AU, Nov / Dec2010]

5.61)Discuss the working of a weighing scale using mechatronics solution. Compare thisover a traditional mechanical system. Compare and contrast the traditional and

Mechatronic design approach for advanced manufacturing

5.62)Explain possible mechatronics design process stages. [AU, April / May2011]5.63)Explain the difference between traditional and mechatronics design with 2 examples.5.64)Explain in detail the possible mechatronics design solutions for timed switches.


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ME2401 Mech QB 2014