Mech Handbook

8/13/2019 Mech Handbook

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1999 by CRC Press LLC

Preface

During the past 20 years, the field of mechanical engineering has undergone enormous changes.These changes have been driven by many factors, including the development of computer tech-nology, worldwide competition in industry, improvements in the flow of information, real-timemonitoring, increased energy efficiency, robotics, automatic control, advances in design and man-ufacturing methods, and an increased sensitivity to environmental impacts of human activities.These developments have put stress on mechanical engineering education, which has found itincreasingly difficult to cover all the topics that a professional engineer needs in his or her career.

The Mechanical Engineering Handbook CRCnetBASE 1999 provides, on a single CD, a readyreference for the practicing engineer in industry, government, and academia, with relevant back-ground and up-to-date information on the most important topics of modern mechanical engi-neering. In addition to the traditional areas of thermodynamics, solid and fluid mechanics, heatand mass transfer, system controls, materials, and energy conversion, it also includes modern

manufacturing and design, robotics, computer engineering, environmental engineering, economicsand project management, patent law, bioengineering, and communication and information sys-tems. The final chapter and the appendix provide information regarding physical properties aswell as mathematical and computational methods.

The Mechanical Engineering Handbook CRCnetBASE 1999 (the electronic search and retrievalCD-ROM version of The CRC Handbook of Mechanical Engineering) contains all the text andfigures in the 2,600 page handbook. The search mechanism allows for full text/word/author searchand has proximity (e.g., within 10 words of one another) and Boolean (i.e., and, or, not)capabilities. All illustrations and photos are hotlinked and contain a zoom feature for easy viewing.

The CD-ROM, which will be updated annually, is available as a site license program; a CD-ROM subscription product with annual updates; a CD-ROM stand-alone product; and internetand intranet versions (forthcoming).


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Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Frank Kreith is Professor Emeritus of Engineering at the Uni-versity of Colorado and currently serves as the ASME LegislativeFellow for Energy and Environment at the National Conference ofState Legislatures in Denver, Colorado. In this capacity, he providestechnical assistance on engineering and science topics such as energymanagement, waste disposal, environmental protection, and utilityrestructuring to legislators and their staff in all 50 state governments.

Previously, he was a research engineer at the Jet Propulsion Lab-oratory from 1945 to 1949 and a Guggenheim Fellow at PrincetonUniversity from 1950 to 1951. Between 1951 and 1977 Dr. Kreithtaught mechanical engineering at the University of California atBerkeley, Lehigh University, and the University of Colorado.

From 1978 to 1988, Dr. Kreith was Chief of Thermal Research

and Senior Research Fellow at the Solar Energy Research Institute,currently the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. During histenure at SERI, he participated in the Presidential Domestic Energy Review, the White HouseForum on Domestic Energy Policy, and edited the ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering. In1995, he participated in the White House Forum on Technology for a Sustainable Future. He hasserved as a National Lecturer for Sigma Xi and is currently a Distinguished Lecturer for theAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Dr. Kreith is the recipient of the ASME Heat Transfer Memorial Award (1972), the ASMEWorcester R. Warner Medal (1981), the Distinguished Service Award of the Solar Energy ResearchInstitute (1983), the Max Jakob Memorial Award of ASME/AIChE (1986), the Charles GreeleyAbbott Award of the American Solar Energy Society (1988), the ASME Energy Resource TechnologyAward (1989), the Ralph Coates Roe Medal of ASME (1992), and the Professional and ScholarlyExcellence Award of the Association of American Publishers (1995). In 1997, he was awarded theWashington Award by a consortium of seven engineering societies for "unselfish and preeminentservice in advancing human progress".

He is the author of textbooks on Heat Transfer, Nuclear Power, Solar Energy, and EnergyManagement. He has edited handbooks on Energy Conservation, Solid Waste Management, andEnergy Efficiency. He has also published more than 120 peer-reviewed articles on various mechan-ical engineering topics.

Dr. Kreith has had wide experience in mechanical engineering as teacher and consultant foracademia, industry, and governments all over the world. His assignments have included consul-

tancies for NATO, the U.S. Agency for International Development, the United Nations, the NationalAcademy of Engineering, and the U.S. Department of Energy. Dr. Kreith is a member of Pi TauSigma, Sigma Xi, a Life Fellow of ASME, and a Fellow of AAAS.


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Advisory Board

Dr. Chang-Lin TienNEC Distinguished Professor of EngineeringDepartment of Mechanical Engineering

University of California at BerkeleyBerkeley, California

Dr. Richard GoldsteinRegents and James J. Ryan Professor of Mechanical

EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minnesota1996-97 President of the American Society of

Mechanical Engineers

Dr. Jay LeeProgram Director

Engineering Education and Centers DivisionNational Science FoundationArlington, Virginia

Dr. Robert KamperDirector of the National Institutes of Science and

Technology (Retired)Boulder, Colorado

Professor Nam P. SuhCross Professor and Department HeadDepartment of Mechanical Engineering

Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, Massachusetts

Mr. E. L. DamanChairman Emeritus, Foster Wheeler Development

CorporationFormer President of the American Society

of Mechanical Engineers

Professor D. Yogi GoswamiDirector of the Solar Energy and Energy Conversion

Laboratory

University of FloridaGainesville, Florida

Professor Jan F. KreiderFounding DirectorJoint Center for Energy ManagementUniversity of ColoradoBoulder, Colorado


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Ronald R. HewittCohenColorado School of MinesGolden, Colorado

Hugh W. ColemanUniversity of Alabama

Huntsville, Alabama

Lawrence ConwayWestinghouse Electric Corp.Orlando, Florida

Harry E. CookUniversity of IllinoisUrbana, Illinois

Nevis E. Cook, Jr.Colorado School of MinesGolden, Colorado

A. Brinton Cooper, IIIU.S. Army Research LaboratoryAberdeen Proving Ground,

Maryland

Malcolm J. CrockerAuburn UniversityAuburn, Alabama

Jeff R. CrandallUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesville, Virginia

Philip C. CrousePhilip C. Crouse and AssociatesDallas, Texas

Peter S. CurtissArchitectural Energy Corp.Boulder, Colorado

Mark R. CutkoskyStanford UniversityStanford, California

Andrea DenverLawrence Berkeley NationalLaboratory

Berkeley, California

Daniel DiFonzoPlanar Communications

CorporationRockville, Maryland

John FildesNorthwestern University, BIRLEvanston, Illinois

William F. Fischer, IIILanxide CorporationNewark, Delaware

John M. FitzgeraldUniversity of TexasArlington, Texas

Jean-Peirre FleurialJet Propulsion LaboratoryPasadena, California

Dan M. FrangopolUniversity of ColoradoBoulder, Colorado

Steven I. FreedmanGas Research InstituteDeerfield, Illinois

Janet B. GoehringNational Conference of State

LegislaturesDenver, Colorado

D. Yogi GoswamiUniversity of FloridaGainesville, Florida

Hank GrantUniversity of OklahomaNorman, Oklahoma

Larry GraysonUniversity of West VirginiaMorgantown, West Virginia

Victor A. GreenhutRutgers UniversityEast Brunswick, New Jersey

Gregory W. HallUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesville, Virginia

K.G.T. HollandsUniversity of WaterlooWaterloo, Ontario, Canada

S. Ratnajeevan H. HolleHarvey Mudd College

Claremont, California

Trevor HowesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrs, Connecticut

Tai-Ran HsuSan Jose State UniversitySan Jose, California

Shou-Heng HuangRaytheon Appliance Tech Center

James D. IdolRutgers UniversityEast Brunswick, New Jersey

Tissa IllangasekareUniversity of ColoradoBoulder, Colorado

Thomas F. Irvine, Jr.SUNY Stony BrookStony Brook, New York

William D. JacksonHMJ Corporation

Mark John JakielaMassachusetts Institute of

TechnologyCambridge, Massachusetts

Maan H. JawadNooter Consulting ServicesSt. Louis, Missouri

Chand K. JotshiUniversity of FloridaGainesville, Florida

Richard L. KautzNational Institutes of Science

and TechnologyBoulder, Colorado

Carl KempfNSK Ltd.Precision Machine and Parts

Technology CenterGunma-Pref, Japan

Francis E. KennedyDartmouth CollegeHanover, New Hampshire

David E. KlettNorth Carolina A&T State

UniversityGreensboro, North Carolina

Yoram Koren

University of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan

Steven H. KosmatkaPortland Cement

AssociationSkokie, Illinois

Jan F. KreiderUniversity of Colorado

and JFK and AssociatesBoulder, Colorado

Frank KreithUniversity of ColoradoBoulder, Colorado


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Ajay KumarNASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia

DhammikaKurumbalapitiya

Harvey Mudd College

Claremont, California

Kam LauAutomated Precision, Inc.

Zalman LavanIllinois Institute of TechnologyEvanston, Illinois

Andrew C. LeePurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, Indiana

Jay LeeNational Science FoundationArlington, Virginia

Kok-Meng LeeGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia

Richard L. LehmanRutgers UniversityPrinceton, New Jersey

J. Leonard IIGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia

Frank L. LewisUniversity of TexasArlington, Texas

Kemper LewisGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia

Steve LiangGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia

Noam LiorUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania

Kai LiuUniversity of TexasArlington Texas

Tien-I. LiuCalifornia State UniversitySacramento, California

Ioan MarinescuKansas State UniversityManhattan, Kansas

Alan T. McDonaldPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, Indiana

Malcolm G. McLarenRutgers UniversityPiscataway, New Jersey

James E. McMahonLawrence Berkeley National

LaboratoryBerkeley, California

Joseph MelloAerojet CorporationSacramento, California

Michael MerkerAmerican Society of Mechanical

EngineersNew York, New York

M.D. MeyerGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia

Anthony MillsUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles, California

Gregory L. MinesIdaho National Engineering

LaboratoryIdaho Falls, Idaho

Kryan D. MishCalifornia State UniversityChico, California

Farrokh MistreeGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia

Michael F. ModestPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, Pennsylvania

Robert J. MoffattStanford UniversityStanford, California

Michael J. MoranOhio State UniversityColumbus, Ohio

Takeo NakagawaUniversity of TokyoRoppongi, Tokyo, Japan

Ron M. NelsonIowa State UniversityAmes, Iowa

Paul NortonNational Renewable Energy

Laboratory

Golden, Colorado

Howard T. OdumUniversity of FloridaGainesville, Florida

Ralph P. OverendNational Renewable Energy

LaboratoryGolden, Colorado

Roberto Pagano(deceased)

University of Florida

Chan S. ParkAuburn, UniversityAuburn, Alabama

Michael PechtUniversity of MarylandCollege Park, Maryland

Ira PenceGeorgia Institute of Technology

Atlanta, Georgia

George A. PetersPeters & PetersSanta Monica, California

Walter D. PilkeyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesville, Virginia

John W. PriestUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlington, Texas

Ari Rablcole des Mines de ParisBures/Yvette, France

George RaithbyUniversity of WaterlooWaterloo, Ontario, Canada

Kamlakar P. RajurkarUniversity of NebraskaLincoln, Nebraska

Mysore RamalingamU.E.S., Inc.Dayton, Ohio


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J.R. Jagannatha RaoUniversity of HoustonHouston, Texas

James B. ReedNational Conference of State

Legislatures

Denver, Colorado

Marshall J. ReedU.S. Department of EnergyWashington, D.C.

Michael C. ReedU.S. Department of EnergyWashington, D.C.

Kitt ReinhardtWright LaboratoriesWright-Patterson AFB, Ohio

Rolf D. ReitzUniversity of WisconsinMadison, Wisconsin

Joel L. RennerIdaho National Engineering

LaboratoryIdaho Falls, Idaho

Robert ReutherU.S. Department of EnergyMorgantown, West Virginia

R. Alan RidillaGeneral Electric PlasticsSchenectady, New York

Giorgio RizzoniOhio State UniversityColumbus, Ohio

Ryan RoloffAllied Signal AerospaceTorrance, California

Bela I. SandorUniversity of WisconsinMadison, Wisconsin

Robert SchafrikNational Research CouncilWashington, D.C.

Paul SchonfeldUniversity of MarylandCollege Park, Maryland

Ram K. ShahDelphi Harrison Thermal

SystemsLockport, New York

Thomas E. ShannonUniversity of TennesseeKnoxville, Tennessee

Thomas SheridanMassachusetts Institute of


Sherif A. SherifUniversity of FloridaGainesville, Florida

Leslie ShownLawrence Berkeley National

LaboratoryBerkeley, California

P.W. ShuldinerUniversity of MassachusettsAmherst, Massachusetts

Alexander H. SlocumMassachusetts Institute of


Craig B. SmithDaniel, Mann, Johnson, &

Mendenhall

Los Angeles, California

Jim SolbergPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, Indiana

W. Glenn SteeleMississippi State UniversityMississippi State, Mississippi

G.T. Stevens, Jr.University of Texas

Arlington, Texas

William B. StineCalifornia State Polytechnic

UniversityPomona, California

Daniel J. StrangeAlfred UniversityAlfred, New York

Nam Pyo SuhMassachusetts Institute of


N.V. SuryanarayanaMichigan Technological

UniversityHoughton, Michigan

Larry SwansonHeat Transfer Research Institute

College Station, Texas

Yashitsugu TaketomiNSK Ltd.Precision Machine and Parts

Technology CenterGunma-Pref, Japan

J.M.A. TanchocoPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, Indiana

Lloyd W. TaylorDIGEX, Inc.Beltsville, Maryland

Klaus TimmerhausUniversity of ColoradoBoulder, Colorado

Donald D. TippettUniversity of AlabamaHuntsville, Alabama

Masayoshi TomizukaUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeley, California

Y.L. TongGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, Georgia

James TulenkoUniversity of FloridaGainesville, Florida

J. Paul TullisUtah State UniversityLogan, Utah

Ian D. WalkerClemson UniversityClemson, South Carolina

Chris WangIBMTampa, Florida

Shan K. WangConsultantAlhambra, California


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Contents

SECTION 1

Mechanics of Solids Bela I. Sandor1.1 Introduction Bela I. Sandor........................................................... 1-21.2 Statics Bela I. Sandor..................................................................... 1-31.3 Dynamics Stephen M. Birn and Bela I. Sandor............................ 1-311.4 Vibrations Bela I. Sandor............................................................ 1-571.5 Mechanics of Materials Bela I. Sandor........................................ 1-671.6 Structural Integrity and Durability Bela I. Sandor.................... 1-1041.7 Comprehensive Example of Using Mechanics of

Solids Methods Richard C. Duveneck, David A. Jahnke,Christopher J. Watson, and Bela I. Sandor.................................... 1-125

SECTION 2 Engineering Thermodynamics Michael J. Moran

2.1 Fundamentals Michael J. Moran.................................................... 2-22.2 Control Volume Applications Michael J. Moran.......................... 2-142.3 Property Relations and Data Michael J. Moran........................... 2-222.4 Combustion Michael J. Moran..................................................... 2-582.5 Exergy Analysis Michael J. Moran............................................... 2-692.6 Vapor and Gas Power Cycles Michael J. Moran........................... 2-782.7 Guidelines for Improving Thermodynamic Effectiveness

Michael J. Moran............................................................................ 2-87

SECTION 3 Fluid Mechanics Frank Kreith

3.1 Fluid Statics Stanley A. Berger....................................................... 3-23.2 Equations of Motion and Potential Flow Stanley A. Berger........ 3-113.3 Similitude: Dimensional Analysis and Data Correlation

Stuart W. Churchill........................................................................ 3-283.4 Hydraulics of Pipe Systems J. Paul Tullis.................................... 3-443.5 Open Channel Flow Frank M. White........................................... 3-61

3.6 External Incompressible Flow Alan T. McDonald........................ 3-703.7 Compressible Flow Ajay Kumar.................................................. 3-813.8 Multiphase Flow John C. Chen.................................................... 3-98
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3.9 Non-Newtonian Flow Thomas F. Irvine Jr. andMassimo Capobianchi................................................................... 3-114

3.10 Tribology, Lubrication, and Bearing Design Francis E. Kennedy,E. Richard Booser, and Donald F. Wilcock.................................... 3-128

3.11 Pumps and Fans Robert F. Boehm ............................................. 3-1703.12 Liquid Atomization and Spraying Rolf D. Reitz........................ 3-177

3.13 Flow Measurement Alan T. McDonald and Sherif A. Sherif....... 3-1863.14 Micro/Nanotribology Bharat Bhushan...................................... 3-197

SECTION 4 Heat and Mass Transfer Frank Kreith

4.1 Conduction Heat Transfer Robert F. Boehm .................................. 4-24.2 Convection Heat Transfer George D. Raithby, K. G. Terry Hollands,

and N. V. Suryanarayana............................................................... 4-144.3 Radiation Michael F. Modest....................................................... 4-564.4 Phase-Change Van P. Carey, John C. Chen, and Noam Lior........ 4-82

4.5 Heat Exchangers Ramesh K. Shah and Kenneth J. Bell.............. 4-1184.6 Temperature and Heat Transfer Measurements

Robert J. Moffat............................................................................ 4-1824.7 Mass Transfer Anthony F. Mills................................................. 4-2064.8 Applications Arthur E. Bergles, Anthony F. Mills, Larry W. Swanson,

and Vincent W. Antonetti............................................................. 4-2404.9 Non-Newtonian FluidsHeat Transfer Thomas F. Irvine, Jr. and

Massimo Capobianchi................................................................... 4-279

SECTION 5 Electrical Engineering Giorgio Rizzoni

5.1 Introduction Giorgio Rizzoni......................................................... 5-25.2 Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Giorgio Rizzoni........................ 5-25.3 Resistive Network Analysis Giorgio Rizzoni................................. 5-185.4 AC Network Analysis Giorgio Rizzoni......................................... 5-255.5 AC Power Giorgio Rizzoni........................................................... 5-405.6 Frequency Response, Filters , and Transient Analysis

Giorgio Rizzoni............................................................................... 5-555.7 Electronics Giorgio Rizzoni.......................................................... 5-565.8 Power Electronics Giorgio Rizzoni............................................... 5-915.9 Operational Amplifiers Giorgio Rizzoni..................................... 5-1045.10 Digital Circuits Giorgio Rizzoni................................................. 5-1215.11 Measurements and Instrumentation Giorgio Rizzoni................ 5-1545.12 Electromechanical Systems Giorgio Rizzoni........................... 5-184

SECTION 6 Mechanical System Controls Jan F. Kreider

6.1 HumanMachine Interaction Thomas B. Sheridan........................ 6-16.2 The Need for Control of Mechanical Systems Peter S. Curtiss. .. . 6-156.3 Control System Analysis Peter S. Curtiss..................................... 6-196.4 Control System Design and Application Peter S. Curtiss............. 6-29

6.5 Advanced Control Topics Peter S. Curtiss, Jan Kreider,Ronald M. Nelson, and Shou-Heng Huang...................................... 6-36
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9.9 Water Systems Shan K. Wang...................................................... 9-879.10 Heating Systems Shan K. Wang................................................... 9-959.11 Refrigeration Systems Shan K. Wang......................................... 9-1039.12 Thermal Storage Systems Shan K. Wang................................... 9-1149.13 Air Systems Shan K. Wang......................................................... 9-1209.14 Absorption Systems Shan K. Wang............................................ 9-130

9.15 Air Conditioning Systems and Selection Shan K. Wang............ 9-1359.16 Desiccant Dehumidification and Air Conditioning

Zalman Lavan.............................................................................. 9-152

SECTION 10 Transportation Frank Kreith

10.1 Transportation Planning Michael D. Meyer................................. 10-210.2 Design of Transportation Facilities John Leonard II and

Michael D. Meyer........................................................................... 10-810.3 Operations and Environmental Impact Paul W. Shuldiner and

Kenneth B. Black.......................................................................... 10-1710.4 Transportation Systems Paul Schonfeld..................................... 10-2210.5 Alternative Fuels for Motor Vehicles Paul Norton..................... 10-3210.6 Electric Vehicles Frank Kreith.................................................... 10-3710.7 Intelligent Transportation Systems James B. Reed..................... 10-42

SECTION 11 Engineering Design Leonard D. Albano andNam P. Suh

11.1 Introduction Nam P. Suh............................................................ 11-2

11.2 Elements of the Design Process Nam P. Suh............................... 11-311.3 Concept of Domains Nam P. Suh................................................ 11-411.4 The Axiomatic Approach to Design Nam P. Suh......................... 11-611.5 Algorithmic Approaches to Design Leonard D. Albano............. 11-1811.6 Strategies for Product Design Michael Pecht............................. 11-2211.7 Design of Manufacturing Systems and Processes

Leonard D. Albano........................................................................ 11-3711.8 Precision Machine Design Alexander Slocum ............................ 11-4111.9 Robotics Leonard D. Albano...................................................... 11-8611.10 Computer-Based Tools for Design Optimization Mark Jakiela,

Kemper Lewis, Farrokh Mistree, and J. R. Jagannatha Rao........... 11-87

SECTION 12 Materials Richard L. Lehmanand Malcolm G. McLaren

12.1 Metals Victor A. Greenhut........................................................... 12-112.2 Polymers James D. Idol and Richard L. Lehman........................ 12-2012.3 Adhesives Richard L. Lehman.................................................... 12-3412.4 Wood Daniel J. Strange............................................................. 12-4412.5 Portland Cement Concrete Steven H. Kosmatka........................ 12-47

12.6 Composites Victor A. Greenhut................................................. 12-6412.7 Ceramics and Glass Richard L. Lehman, Daniel J. Strange, and

William F. Fischer III................................................................... 12-85
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16.3 Sources of Pollution and Regulations Jan F. Kreider, Nevis Cook,Tissa Illangasekare, and Ronald H. Hewitt Cohen........................ 16-14

16.4 Regulations and Emission Standards Nevis Cook andRonald H. Hewitt Cohen.............................................................. 16-22

16.5 Mitigation of Water and Air Pollution Jan F. Kreider, Nevis Cook,and Ronald H. Hewitt Cohen....................................................... 16-25

16.6 Environmental Modeling Paolo Zannetti, Ronald H. Hewitt Cohen,Nevis Cook, Ari Rabl, and Peter S. Curtiss ................................... 16-33

16.7 Global Climate Change Frank Kreith........................................ 16-52

SECTION 17 Engineering Economics And Project ManagementChan S. Park and Donald D. Tippett

17.1 Engineering Economic Decisions Chan S. Park.......................... 17-217.2 Establishing Economic Equivalence Chan S. Park....................... 17-217.3 Measures of Project Worth Chan S. Park.................................. 17-1617.4 Cash Flow Projections Chan S. Park......................................... 17-2817.5 Sensitivity and Risk Analysis Chan S. Park............................... 17-3617.6 Design Economics Chan S. Park............................................... 17-4517.7 Project Management Donald D. Tippett.................................... 17-51

SECTION 18 Communications and Information SystemsLloyd W. Taylor

18.1 Introduction Lloyd W. Taylor....................................................... 18-118.2 Network Components and Systems Lloyd W. Taylor and

Daniel F. DiFonzo........................................................................... 18-218.3 Communications and Information Theory

A. Britton Cooper III.................................................................... 18-2318.4 Applications Lloyd W. Taylor, Dhammika Kurumbalapitiya, and

S. Ratnajeevan H. Hoole............................................................... 18-41

SECTION 19 Mathematics William F. Ames and George Cain

19.1 Tables William F. Ames................................................................ 19-219.2 Linear Algebra and Matrices George Cain................................. 19-33

19.3 Vector Algebra and Calculus George Cain................................. 19-3919.4 Difference Equations William F. Ames ...................................... 19-4419.5 Differential Equations William F. Ames..................................... 19-4719.6 Integral Equations William F. Ames.......................................... 19-5819.7 Approximation Methods William F. Ames................................. 19-6019.8 Integral Transforms William F. Ames........................................ 19-6219.9 Calculus of Variations Approximation William F. Ames............ 19-6719.10 Optimization Methods George Cain.......................................... 19-7019.11 Engineering and Statistics Y. L. Tong........................................ 19-7319.12 Numerical Methods William F. Ames........................................ 19-85

19.13 Experimental Uncertainty Analysis W. G. Steele andH. W. Coleman............................................................................19-118
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19.14 Chaos R. L. Kautz.....................................................................19-12519.15 Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic Dan M. Frangopol........................19-134

SECTION 20 Patent Law and Miscellaneous TopicsFrank Kreith

20.1 Patents and Other Intellectual Property Thomas H. Young......... 20-220.2 Product Liability and Safety George A. Peters........................... 20-1120.3 Bioengineering Jeff R. Crandall, Gregory W. Hall, and

Walter D. Pilkey........................................................................... 20-1620.4 Mechanical Engineering Codes and Standards

Michael Merker............................................................................ 20-3420.5 Optics Roland Winston and Walter T. Welford........................... 20-4020.6 Water Desalination Noam Lior.................................................. 20-5920.7 Noise Control Malcolm J. Crocker............................................. 20-7720.8 Lighting Technology Barbara Atkinson, Andrea Denver,

James E. McMahon, Lesl ie Shown, Robert Clear, andCraig B. Smith.............................................................................. 20-85

APPENDICES Paul Norton

A. Properties of Gases and Vapors .......................................................A-2B. Properties of Liquids ..................................................................... B-35C. Properties of Solids .......................................................................C-38D. SI Units......................................................................................... D-73E. Miscellaneous................................................................................. E-74
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Mech Handbook