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CNG NGH GIA CNG P LC NG DNG SN XUT CHI TIT TRONG CNG NGHIP T

METAL FORMING TECHNOLOGY - APPLICATIONS IN AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURING

B mn Gia cng p lc Vin C kh

Trng i hc Bch khoa H ni

TM TT Cng nghip sn xut t v cng nghip sn xut cc thit b ph tr ang c cc doanh nghip trong lnh vc c kh u t v pht trin p ng nhu cu vn chuyn trong nc. Cc cng ngh p ng cho cc ngnh trn vn cn non tr v cha c nghin cu cng nh ng dng mt cch chnh xc v hiu qu. Mc ch ca nghin cu ny l tm hiu cc cng ngh truyn thng v tin tin trong nc v c bit trn th gii, v ang nghin cu ng dng trong cng nghip t. Qua gip doanh nghip c ci nhn tng quan v kh nng cng ngh, iu kin p dng, p dng vo thc t sn xut ti Vit nam.

ABSTRACT

Automobile industry and alternative auto part industry are being invested by mechanical enterprise to develop and to adapt domestic remaining in the field of transport. The appropriate technologies are still young and werent researched exactly and werent applied efficiently in Vietnam. The purpose of this investigate is an overall survey in conventional and advantageous technologies in Vietnam and over the World, which was and are applied in Automobile industry. With this state of the art enterprise could catch the technology abilities, conditions in overview to apply in manufacturing in Vietnam.

Keywords: metal forming, forging, sheet metal forming, tube forming, joining

1. GII THIU Trong chc nm gn y, cng nghip t ang c ch trng v u t pht trin ti Vit nam. Trong ch yu l cng nghip sn xut cc chi tit ph tr trong t, gm c xe con v xe ti nh. Cc cm chi tit phc tp khc nh ng c, h thng iu khin in t ch yu vn l nhp khu. Cc doanh nghip tiu biu sn xut v lp rp t nh Trng Hi, Xun Kin, VEAM cho xut xng kh nhiu cc chng loi v dn p ng c nh cu xe ti nh v mt phn xe con ti Vit nam.

Hnh 1.1 Cc cm chi tit chnh trong t c nhn

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Cc loi xe con do yu cu cao hn v cht lng nn vn ch yu l lp rp v nhp khu nguyn chic v Vit nam. L gii cho vn nhp khu vn l vic hn ch trong lnh vc ch to cc chi tit v cm chi tit trong xe t. Trn Hnh 1.1 lit k cc cm chi tit chnh trong t c nhn, gm c ng c, v np, khung b, ng dn v.v. Theo thng k ca tp on BMW nm 2005 th c 25% cc chi tit trong t ch to bng gia cng ct gt, 15% ng dng cng ngh c, 12% cng ngh hn, 35% cc chi tit c ch to bng cng ngh dp, cn li cc cc cng ngh khc.

tip tc pht trin ngnh ch to xe t ni ring v phng tin giao thng ni chung, chng ti xin gii thiu tng quan cc cng ngh gia cng p lc ch to cc chi tit chnh trong xe t. Qua lm r kh nng ng dng v tim nng pht trin ca cng ngh ny ti Vit nam.

Cng ngh gia cng p lc, thut ng quc t l Metal forming technology, ra i rt sm v pht trin mnh cc nc cng nghip pht trin nh Nga, M, c, Nht, v.v. Bn cht ca cng ngh ny l ng dng kh nng bin dng do ca kim loi to hnh trong lng khun bng tc dng ngoi lc thch hp. Do cc yu t chnh ca cng ngh ny gm c vt liu v kh nng bin dng do, kt cu ca cc b khun v thit b dp, cng nh quy trnh cng ngh hp l.

Theo cng ngh ny th cc dng sn phm dng tm nh v, np, xem Hnh 1.1, c th ch to bng cc phng php dp tm, dng khung b th ng dng cng ngh dp khi, ghp ni, cc chi tit dng ng dn ch to bng cht lng v cc chi tit truyn ng trong ng c nh bnh rng, khp ni, tay bin th c sn xut bng cng ngh dp khi. ni dung chnh ca bi bo, cc dng sn phm in hnh v cc cng ngh dp truyn thng v tin tin s c trnh by.

2. CC CNG NGH CH TO TRONG GIA CNG P LC 2.1 CH TO CC CHI TIT DNG TM V

Trong t c rt nhiu chi tit dng tm mng nh np ca p, cnh ca xe, np cp sau v.v., xem Hnh 2.1.a. Cc chi tit ny ch yu l sn phm dp vut (deep drawing), vi chiu su dp vut thp. Cng ngh dp vut cho cc chi tit ny cng t c nhng thnh tu nht nh nh ng dng h thng chn n hi v chn cc b vi lc chn thay i trn vnh phi, cng ngh ny c ng dng rt nhiu c trong cng nghip t, my bay. Trong khi dp vut cc chi tit ln v mc dp vut thp, cc chi tit ny rt kh t c sc nt gc cnh v hin tng n hi li xy ra. khc phc hin tng ny, phng php dp vut c ko v s dng gn vut thng c u tin. Kt cu ca b khun dp vut chi tit chn xe c trnh by qua Hnh 2.1.b, v nguyn l dp vut c minh ha trn Hnh 2.1.c.

a) Chi tit dp vut b) Kt cu khun c) S nguyn l

Hnh 2.1 Chi tit dng tm v cng ngh dp vut [8]

Theo s nguyn l trn Hnh 2.1.c, th chy c gn vi khun (bn my), ci gn vi u trt. v tr ban u, chn s dng ln cng chiu cao vi chy (i khi cao hn chy to lc chn ban u), phi tm c t ln b mt phng ca chn. hnh trnh dp, ci i xung cng vi chuyn

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ng ca u trt, p vo phi v to lc kp v chn ban u. Khi ci tip tc i xung, phi s c chy vut vo trong ci to chi tit. Qu trnh dp vut trn thc hin trn my p thy lc c xy lanh y di. Vi cng ngh dp vut truyn thng hay chy ci cng th vic ch to chy ci c kch thc tng quan chnh xc gy kh khn. Vic ng dng cht lng, cao su/ polyurethan, vi vai tr ca chy hoc ci m ra trang mi cho cng ngh dp vut. Tit kim thi gian gia cng khun, tit kim kim loi, mc dp vut tng ln, to hnh chi tit phc tp. Nguyn l v dng sn phm dp thy c c minh ha qua Hnh 2.2. Qua s nguyn l ny, im khc bit so vi dp vut truyn thng l chy lng ng vai tr ci, to ra p lc cn thit v p phi vo bin dng chy.

a) Nguyn l dp thy c b) Np t v chi tit khc

Hnh 2.2 Dp vut thy c ng dng cht lng

Cng vi cc cng ngh dp bng cht lng th cng ngh dp bng xung in t, dp bng cht n cng c ng dng v ang tip tc nghin cu. Cc cng ngh ny gp phn to hnh cc chi tit phc tp v kch thc ngoi c.

2.2 CH TO CHI TIT DNG KHI

Cc chi tit dng khi nh tay bin, trc khuu, khp ni trong t l nhng chi tit in hnh sn xut bng cng ngh dp khi, v nhng yu cu cao v c tnh hay chu ti ng khi lm vic. Cc cng ngh dp khi n nay cng c nhiu ci tin sn phm c chnh xc cao hn, c bit l vic ng dng cc b khun kn v cng ngh gia cng o. Qu trnh dp c th tin hnh trng thi ngui, trng thi na nng (nhit kt tinh li), trng thi bn lng v ti nhit cao 1200 C (khong 70% Tchy).

a) Sn phm dng khi b) Nguyn l dp khi h c) Nguyn l p chy Hnh 2.3 Chi tit dng khi v cng ngh [7]

Trn Hnh 2.3.a l cc chi tit dp khi thng gp trong cng nghip t. Hai i din cng ngh in hnh sn xut cc chi tit ny l dp khi khun h/kn v p chy, xem Hnh 2.3 b,c. Dp khi thng c thc hin trn cc my dp nh my ba, my p trc khuu dp nng, my p ma st trc vt.

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a) Quy trnh cng ngh dp tay bin b) Khi khun dp tay bin

Hnh 2.4 Quy trnh cng ngh v khun dp khi [7]

Trong khi p chy thng thc hin trn my p thy lc nm ngang. Hin ti Vit nam ng dng cc cng ngh dp khi trong cc nh my vn mc thp v ch yu l chun b phi. Kh khn cng ngh ny cn pht trin hn ch l thiu thit b to lc ln, thiu thit b nung cng sut ln v thiu c th trng tiu th. p chy profile nh hnh cho kim loi mu ang l hng i ca cc nc cng nghip pht trin. Khng thun ty ch dng li to cc phi c ng sinh thng, p chy ngy nay thng gn vi cc thit b un lin tc c iu khin linh hot ngay khi phi cn nng to cc khung dn c chng un tt v li nh.

Hnh 2.4 l v d v thit k quy trnh cng ngh dp v kt cu na khun dp khi h cho chi tit tay bin. Theo quy trnh trn th phi dp tay bin phi c thc hin qua ba bc to hnh chnh (p t, dp th, dp tinh) v hai bc ph (to chui kp km, ct bin). Cc qu trnh bin dng khi din ra phc tp, do trc khi sn xut hng lot cn c cc nghin cu c th v th nghim. cc nc c cng nghip pht trin cc qu trnh dp khi thng c tnh ton m phng trn my tnh sau a ra ch to th nghim v sn xut hng lot [6].

2.3 CH TO CHI TIT DNG NG

Phng php dp to hnh vt liu kim loi bng cht lng c nghin cu v th nghim t nhng nm 50 ca th k 20 [1]. Cng ngh ny c p dng cho hai dng phi ch yu l phi tm v phi ng, tng ng vi cc dng phi s c cc thut ng tng ng nh dp thy tnh/thy c phi tm (HBU), dp p lc cao bn ngoi (AHU) v bn trong ng (IHU). Dp thy tnh chi tit tm i hi p lc cht lng t 500at n 2000at. p lc ny thng thp hn khi dp bng cht lng cho phi ng, thng t 1000-4000at, do cn gi cng ngh ny l dp bng p lc cao bn trong. S nguyn l phng php IHU c th hin qua Hnh 2.5.

Hnh 2.5. Nguyn l dp chi tit ng ch T, [2]

Theo nguyn l Hnh 2.5, u tin ng c a vo lng khun, khun trn i xung v p vo khun di vi lc ng khun FS. Tip theo cc chy dc trc i vo v ng kn hai u ng. Cht lng c bm vo y ng. cng on to hnh (c), cht lng vi p lc thch hp v cc chuyn ng c

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iu khin ca chy dc trc v chy i p s lm phi ng bin dng v phnh ra theo bin dng khun. Sau khi to hnh l qu trnh tho khun v g sn phm.

a) ng chia liu b) ng dn liu c) Trc cam rng d) Khung Hnh 2.6. Cc dng sn phm ng dng IHU

Dp chi tit ng dng ch T l mt nghin cu c s ban u cho phng php IHU v n nay c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip t, c bit l cc ng ng x v ng dn liu c hnh dng phc tp trong t, xem Hnh 2.6, cc chi tit dng ng to hnh bng cht lng p lc cao bn trong.

2.4 CH TO CC CHI TIT DNG KHUNG

Chi tit dng khung thn trong t rt a dng v yu cu cng vng cao, an ton khi va p, xem Hnh 2.7. Cc cm chi tit ny thng ch to bng vic lp ghp cc chi tit dp vut, un bng cng ngh hn, bu lng, inh tn v.v. Trong hai chc nm tr v y vi s pht trin ca cng ngh p chy profile nh hnh to ra cc khung xe va nh li m bo chng un cao.

Hnh 2.7 Khung thn xe con

Cng ngh p chy profile kt hp vi cng ngh un bng my CNC to ra cc sn phm un phc v cng nghip dn dng n chi tit chu lc trong t, Hnh 2.8. So vi cc chi tit c, cc sn phm rng ny lm cho cc phng tin vn chuyn nh hn do tit kim nng lng, mt trong nhng ng lc thay i cng ngh hin nay. Cng ngh c vn khng th thay th khi ch to cc chi tit c hnh dng phc tp v tit kim kim loi.

a) Chi tit (profile) trn xe b) p chy kt hp un linh hot

Hnh 2.8 p chy kt hp un nng linh hot

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ng dng cng ngh to hnh ng p lc cao bn trong (IHU) cp phn 2.3, ngi ta ch to cc khung xng lin khng cn hn lm tng kh nng chu ti ng.

2.5 CNG NGH GHP NI TM MNG

Cng ngh lp rp v ghp ni trong cng nghip t pht trin mnh Nht, M v c bit c. Cc dy chuyn lp rp hin nay khng n thun ch c iu khin bng c kh cng hay khi nn m c thay th bi cc h thng tay my v r bt iu khin linh hot, kt hp vi h thng nh v tr iu khin PLC. ti cc v tr ny cc mi ghp c thc hin c th l hn, dn, ghp ni inh tn v.v. Hnh 2.9 minh ha mi ghp bng bin dng do trong u xe t BMW5 v ng dng r bt ghp ni Hnh 2.9.b.

a) u xe BMW5 b) Ghp ni khung np capo xe Audi

Hnh 2.9 Ghp ni chi tit tm trong khung xe t

Hin nay c rt nhiu phng php ghp ni trong c kh nhng trong lnh vc bin dng do, bi bo xin gii thiu cc phng php ghp ni tin tin bng bin dng do ang c nghin cu v ng dng ti c.

a) Tn rt b) Tn c/m c) Ghp ni clinching d) inh tn rng Hnh 2.10 Ghp ni chi tit tm trong khung xe t

Phng php ghp ni bng inh tn t ra chim u th so vi cc phng php ghp ni khc nh hn, dn v kh nng chu ti ng v mi ghp kn. Hai phng php inh tn rt (a) v inh tn c (b) rt ph thng trong lnh vc kt cu. Nhng nm gn y cc phng php ghp ni clinching (c) v inh tn rng (d) c pht minh v ng dng mnh trong cng nghip khung v v t. Hai phng php ny khng cn t l trc. phng php ghp ni clinching, khng cn inh tn m mi ghp hnh thnh da vo bin dng do cc b trong lng ci. Trong khi mi ghp inh tn rng c bn cao hn mi ghp clinching, inh tn rng ct phi tm trn v bin dng phi tm di to mi ghp. Cc mi ghp ny yu cu cc vt liu c bin ng do cao v c bit thch hp cho cc mi ghp hn hp vt liu nhiu tm ghp.

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2.6 CNG NGH UN TM

Trong t c rt nhiu chi tit c to hnh t cng ngh un, nh thnh thng xe ti, cc xng trn, cc b v.v. Cc chi tit un ny phi m bo bn nh, chng un cao, kh nng lp rp v lp ghp d dng. Cc cng ngh un thng bt gp nh un bng khun (my dp vn nng hoc bng my sn thy lc), un bng trc quay v un lin tc trn cc cp con ln, xem Hnh 2.11.

a) Un bng khun

b) Un bng trc quay c) Un lin tc trn cc cp con ln

Hnh 2.11 Cng ngh un tm in hnh

Trong cng ngh un bng khun thng p dng cho cc chi tit nh v c cc gc un phc tp (Hnh 2.12.a), un bng trc ln thng ch to cc cung hoc ng trn cho phi tm phng, phi ng trn, phi profile (Hnh 2.12.b), v i vi cc chi tit un di v hn th un lc vn l gii php cha th thay th. Vi s pht trin ca thit b c iu khin chnh xc, cc gc un c kim sot trong qu trnh v b tr lng bin dng n hi.

a) Sn phm un bng khun b) Sn phm un trc ln c) Un lc lin tc

Hnh 2.12 Cng ngh un tm in hnh

2.7 NG DNG CNG C THIT K V M PHNG TI U QU TRNH CN

Mt trong nhng cng on khng th thiu trong qu trnh sn xut cng nghip hin nay l ng dng cng c tin hc tnh ton v ti u qu trnh to hnh. cc nc c nn cng nghip pht trin th bc ny khng th thiu trong ton b qu trnh sn xut v pht trin sn phm. S cc cng on chnh ca qu trnh sn xut sn phm dp thc t c minh ha theo Hnh 2.13.

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Hnh 2.13 Cc bc ca qu trnh sn xut

Sau khi c tng hay sn phm mu ca sn phm cn ch to, ngi ta tin hnh xy dng li bn v sn phm v m hnh sn phm trn my tnh. Tip theo s thit k cng ngh v khun dp s b. cc bc ny c rt nhiu cng c phn mm h tr thit k nh Catia, Inventor, AutoCAD. kim tra b khun c lm vic ung nh thit k khng, ta s tin hnh m phng qu trnh dp trn my tnh. Cc phn mm m phng qu trnh bin dng do ni ting nh Abaqus, Ansys, c ng dng c trong nghin cu v cng nghip. Kt qu m phng lm cn c cho vic hiu chnh v ti u khun bc trc. Kt qu ti u s a vo sn xut th nghim bc tip theo v cui cng l sn xut hng lot. Hnh 2.14 V d dp chn bn hc sinh Xun ha minh ha cc kt qu t m phng n sn xut chn bn hc sinh Xun ha.

a) M phng s qu trnh BD b) Dp th nghip c) Sn xut hng lot

Hnh 2.14 V d dp chn bn hc sinh Xun ha

3. THIT B DP TO HNH thc hin mt qu trnh cng ngh ca mt phng php cng ngh ta cn c cc thit b thch hp v c th y l thit b to lc. Cc thit thit b dp to hnh c th phn loi theo nhiu kha cnh khc nhau, nh theo dng cng ngh (tm, khi, ng), theo truyn ng (c kh, thy lc, kh nn), theo c im hnh trnh (cng, mm) v.v. Trong bi bo ny chng ti xin gii thiu cc tnh nng thit b in hnh cng nh kh nng p dng vo cc qu trnh dp cc dng sn phm trn.

3.1 MY P THY LC

Cc thit b my p thy lc c c im l bn my ln, hnh trnh mm, lc l hng s trong qu trnh, c b phn y di. Do my thy lc c thit k ra ch yu phc v cho nguyn cng dp vut nng, su v ct hnh. Cc bin th khc ca my p thy lc l my p thy lc cho nguyn cng un tm hay my sn thy lc, my p thy lc nm ngang v my ba thy lc dng trong rn phi, xem Hnh 3.1.

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a) My p thy lc dp vut b) My sn thy lc c) My ba thy lc

Hnh 3.1 Cc dng my p thy lc

Cc thng s chnh ca my p thy lc gm c cc thng s kch thc bn my, thng s lc danh ngha, lc y di, hnh trnh, cng sut ca ng c. Cc dng my thy lc mi tch hp b iu khin PLC kim sot hnh trnh. Bn my c th c nh hoc di ng thun tin lp khun. t ng ha cp phi phi tch hp r bt (tay my) hoc c cu kp chn khng. Xu hng chung hin nay l x dng my p thy lc thay th cho cc dng my khc, v cc u im ca n nh lc ln, lm vic m, d iu khin, cc phn t thy lc ngy cng c hiu sut cao v tnh nng mnh.

3.2 MY P TRC KHUU

My p trc khuu thng c x dng trong cc phn xng ct t Cng ngh gia cng tm mng. y l thit b c hnh trnh cng, c trng bng cc thng s nh lc dp danh ngha, s nht dp trn pht, hnh trnh u trt. Vi cc c im nh hnh trnh v tc thay i chu k nn ph hp vi h thng cp phi cng c kh hoc kh nn, m bo nng sut cao nht. Cc chi tit c thc hin trn cc my ny thng nh, yu cu chnh xc kch thc cao. Trn Hnh 3.2 l cc dng my p truu khuu ph bin.

a) My trc khy vn nng b) My trc khuu dp vut c) My trc khuu dp nng

Hnh 3.2 Cc dng my p trc khuu

Cc my p trc khuu Hnh 3.2.a. v Hnh 3.2.a.b chuyn dng trong dp tm (ct t v dp vut). My o trc khuu dp nng c kt cu cng vng, u trt c dn hng, khuu dng cam hoc bin lch tm, bn my c kt cu nng h tho khun khi qu ti v cn chnh hnh trnh.

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3.3 MY BA V MY P VT- MA ST

thc hin qu trnh dp khi, cn thit phi c cc thit b to lc ln v c im thit b ph hp vi cc nguyn cng dp nng. Trong cng ngh dp khi nh dp tay bin, trc khuu, bu lng, khp ni v.v. cn thit phi c cc b khun dp, quy trnh cng ngh, ch nhit ph hp. Cc b khun ny cn c lp trn cc thit b ph hp. Trn Hnh 3.3 l cc dng my dp nng. my ba khng kh nn, u ba v b e l dng c to hnh, thit b ny chuyn rn chun b phi. My ba hi nc dng rn Hnh 3.3.b v dp khi Hnh 3.3.c. My p vt- ma st dng cho c rn v dp. Nhn xt thy cc my dp thng c kt cu cng vng v khng gian lm vic hp, ch ph hp chi tit nh, do yu cu lc bin dng ln.

a) My ba khng kh nn

b) My ba hi nc - Rn

c) My ba dp d) My p vt - ma st

Hnh 3.3 Cc dng my dp khi

3.4 CC LOI THIT B CHUYN DNG

Trong thc t ngoi cc my ph thng trn, ta cn bt gp rt nhiu dng my chuyn dng khc ph hp cho tng cng vic c th. Trn Hnh 3.4 l cc dng my chuyn dng: my ct t CNC, my un a nng iu khin PLC v my p thy lc n p thanh nhm nh hnh.

a) My ct t CNC b) My un PLC a nng c) My n nhm nh hnh Hnh 3.4 Cc dng thit b chuyn dng

Ngoi cc thit b cn nh hnh, cn chu k (cn dc) chun b phi cho cc nguyn cng dp khi, hin nay cng ngh cn ngang ang c Beralus ang nghin cu v chuyn giao trn din rng. u im ca cng ngh ny l tit kim kim loi phi ti a, c tnh ca sn phm tng, nng sut cao, ph hp cc chi tit tr trn. Hnh 3.5 thit b cn ngang v cc dng sn phm cn ngang.

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a) Thit b cn ngang b) Sn phm cn ngang

Hnh 3.5 Thit b cn ngang

Ti Vit nam, cc loi thit b siu trng v siu trng vn rt t, do khi cn ch to cc chi tit siu trng siu trng nh trc tu thy, tua bin v cc trc cn ln gp khng t kh khn, hu ht phi nhp ngoi. Hnh 3.6 gii thiu cc thit b ca nc ngoi sn xut cc sn phm c trng lng v kch thc rt ln: my cn vnh c ln cnh vnh cng nghip v thit b rn trc gm mt my ba thy lc v mt c cu vn chuyn-xoay phi.

a) My cn vnh c ln b) Thit b rn trc siu trng

Hnh 3.6 Cc thit b siu ln

Cc thit b siu ln ny thng gn vi ngnh luyn thp v cn thp. Do cn c u t ng b v c chin lc.

4. KT LUN Ni dung ca bi bo ny trnh by cc cng ngh in hnh v tin tin trong lnh vc dp to hnh kim loi, ng dng c th trong lnh vc cng nghip sn xut chi tit t v chi tit ph tr trong t. Cng trong bi bo ny, nhm tc gi a ra cc dng thit b thng gp trong gia cng p lc v kh nng ng dng ca chng trong qu trnh to hnh.

Qua nghin cu tng quan ny, chng ta cng thy c cc cc hn ch ca nn cng nghip trong nc trong lnh vc dp to hnh c v cng ngh v thit b. T tm ra hng u t v nghin cu ph hp, lm ch cng ngh v nng cao nng lc nghin cu ng dng.

5. TI LIU THAM KHO [1]. Schuler GmbH (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Umformtechnik. Berlin: Springer,1996, ISBN 3-540-

61099-5. [2]. R. Neugebauer (Hrsg.): Hydro Umformung, Berlin: Springer, 2007, ISBN-10 3-540-21171-3

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[3]. E. Doege, B.A. Behrens: Handbuch Umformtechnik, ISBN-10 3-540-23441-1 Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007.

[4]. My ba v my p thy lc: Phm Vn Ngh (Ch bin), NXB GD, 2005. [5]. My p c kh: Phm Vn ngh, Vn Phc, NXB KHKT, 2005 [6]. M phng s qu trnh bin dng, Nguyn c Trung, L Thi Hng, Nguyn Nh Huynh,

Nguyn Trung Kin, NXB Bch khoa, 2011 [7]. Cng ngh to hnh khi, Phm Vn Ngh (Ch bin), NXB Bch khoa, 2008 [8]. Cng ngh to hnh tm, Nguyn Mu ng (Ch bin), NXB KHKT, 2006

Lin h: ThS. Nguyn Trung Kin Department of Metal forming, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology

No.1, Dai Co Viet Str., Hanoi, Vietnam Email: kiennt-gcal@mail.hut.edu.vn Tel: +84.4.3869.2430 Mob. 0123.9088.568

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Ni dung

1. GII THIU .................................................................................................................................. 1

2. CC CNG NGH CH TO TRONG GIA CNG P LC ................................................... 2

2.1 CH TO CC CHI TIT DNG TM V ............................................................................ 2

2.2 CH TO CHI TIT DNG KHI ........................................................................................... 3

2.3 CH TO CHI TIT DNG NG ............................................................................................. 4

2.4 CH TO CC CHI TIT DNG KHUNG .............................................................................. 5

2.5 CNG NGH GHP NI TM MNG .................................................................................... 6

2.6 CNG NGH UN TM .......................................................................................................... 7

2.7 NG DNG CNG C THIT K V M PHNG TI U QU TRNH CN ................. 7

3. THIT B DP TO HNH .......................................................................................................... 8

3.1 MY P THY LC.................................................................................................................. 8

3.2 MY P TRC KHUU ............................................................................................................ 9

3.3 MY BA V MY P VT-MASAT ................................................................................... 10

3.4 CC LOI THIT B CHUYN DNG ................................................................................. 10

4. KT LUN .................................................................................................................................. 11

5. TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................................ 11

Hnh v

Hnh 1.1 Cc cm chi tit chnh trong t c nhn ............................................................................... 1 Hnh 2.1 Chi tit dng tm v cng ngh dp vut [8] .......................................................................... 2 Hnh 2.2 Dp vut thy c ng dng cht lng ..................................................................................... 3 Hnh 2.3 Chi tit dng khi v cng ngh [7] ........................................................................................ 3 Hnh 2.4 Quy trnh cng ngh v khun dp khi [7] ............................................................................ 4 Hnh 2.5. Nguyn l dp chi tit ng ch T, [2] .................................................................................... 4 Hnh 2.6. Cc dng sn phm ng dng IHU ........................................................................................ 5 Hnh 2.7 Khung thn xe con................................................................................................................... 5 Hnh 2.8 p chy kt hp un nng linh hot ........................................................................................ 5 Hnh 2.9 Ghp ni chi tit tm trong khung xe t ............................................................................... 6 Hnh 2.10 Ghp ni chi tit tm trong khung xe t ............................................................................. 6 Hnh 2.11 Cng ngh un tm in hnh ............................................................................................... 7 Hnh 2.12 Cng ngh un tm in hnh ............................................................................................... 7 Hnh 2.13 Cc bc ca qu trnh sn xut ............................................................................................ 8 Hnh 2.14 V d dp chn bn hc sinh Xun ha ................................................................................. 8 Hnh 3.1 Cc dng my p thy lc ....................................................................................................... 9 Hnh 3.2 Cc dng my p trc khuu ................................................................................................... 9 Hnh 3.3 Cc dng my dp khi ......................................................................................................... 10 Hnh 3.4 Cc dng thit b chuyn dng .............................................................................................. 10 Hnh 3.5 Thit b cn ngang ................................................................................................................. 11 Hnh 3.6 Cc thit b siu ln ............................................................................................................... 11

1. GII THIU2. CC CNG NGH CH TO TRONG GIA CNG P LC2.1 CH TO CC CHI TIT DNG TM V2.2 CH TO CHI TIT DNG KHI 2.3 CH TO CHI TIT DNG NG 2.4 CH TO CC CHI TIT DNG KHUNG 2.5 CNG NGH GHP NI TM MNG2.6 CNG NGH UN TM2.7 NG DNG CNG C THIT K V M PHNG TI U QU TRNH CN

3. THIT B DP TO HNH3.1 MY P THY LC3.2 MY P TRC KHUU3.3 MY BA V MY P VT- MA ST3.4 CC LOI THIT B CHUYN DNG

4. KT LUN5. TI LIU THAM KHO