Metodo DeRose Nas Empresas

8/9/2019 Metodo DeRose Nas Empresas

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:ª NHOÁÃD – <9:<

MED\OJBÓYDEOS – SC – L\JSOE



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\nvosãd tïcbocj7 \dhroad Hn Ldbj, Eucoej Soevj n Jbjfë Medrns.Okprnssãd7 Arêmocj Nhotdrj Yjeedtto.

J Nhotdrj bãd rnspdbhn pneds cdbcnotds nkotohds pned Jutdr.

HJHDS OBXN\BJCODBJOS HN CJXJEDAJÁÃD BJ Y^LEOCJÁÃD (COY)

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Kjrnbad, Gdros, :?>= –D Kïtdhd Hn\dsn bjs nkprnsjs / Kjrnbad, Gdros – Medrojbópdeos

Nhoáãd hd jutdr

Obceuo loleodarjmoj.:. Nkprnsjs <. Gdros Kjrnbad 3. Xëtued

CHH – :69

OSLB VVVVVVVV

Js pêaobjs hnstn eovrd mdrjk okprnssjs nk pjpnes:99% rncocejhd. Nkldrj sngj kjos cjrd qun d pjpnecdkuk, cdbsohnrjkds uk nsmdrád vêeohd pjrj prn-snrvjr js medrnstjs n d knod jklonbtn. Cdbtjkdscdk d snu jpdod.

Ï Y\DËLOHJ J \NY\DH^ÁÃDBnbfukj pjrtn hnstj dlrj pdhnrê snr rnprdhuzohj, cdpojhj, trjbscrotj du knskd

trjbskotohj pdr knods nentrøbocds du arjvjáþns, snk j pnrkossãd, pdr nscrotd, hdJutdr. Ds obmrjtdrns snrãd pubohds pnej Eno b·. ?.=:9/?6.

YN\KOSSÃD HD J^XD\ YJ\J X\JBSC\OÁÃD N COXJÁÃD\nsaujrhjhds ds hornotds hd Nhotdr, d jutdr cdbcnhn jutdrozjáãd hn usd n trjbscroáãd hntrncfds hnstj dlrj, hnshn qun sngj sdeocotjhj pdr nscrotd n qun sn cotn j mdbtn.

Okprnssd bd LrjsoeYrobtnh ob Lrjzoe



Cdknbhjhdr Hn\DSN

Sostnkjtozjhdr hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn, cdk <>eovrds puleocjhds nk vêrods pjësns n kjos hnuk koefãd hn nxnkpejrns vnbhohds, cdknkd-rjbhd >9 jbds hn kjaostïrod nk <9:9, tnksohd jarjcojhd cdk hnznbjs hn cdknbhjs,tëtueds n knhjefjs, pdr hovnrsjs obstotuoáþnscueturjos n fukjbotêrojs.



Obstrutdr \ocjrhd Ydeo^bohjhn Cnbtrd Cëvocd

Curotolj - Y\



J vdcçs,fdknk n kuefnr hd knu tnkpd,fnróos hd cdtohojbd,uk pducd hn prjznr, hn rnnbcdbtrdn jenaroj pjrj d kjos prncodsdhn tdhds ds snus lnbs7 d cdrpd.

Jds knus pjos, qun kn prdpdrcodbjrjk j hêhovj hj vohj0jds vnrhjhnords n ntnrbds jkoads,

mdbtn hn cukpeocohjhn n rncdbfncoknbtd0n jd Nhucjhdr Hn\dsn,

qun dmnrncnu uk snbtohd é kobfjnxostçbcoj.



Obstrutdr Gdjquok \dxd^bohjhn Otjok

Sãd Yjued - SY



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D prdarjkj pjrj js nkprnsjs 8:^kj prêtocj pjrj obocojbtns >:

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Hocjs mobjos ::?

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Yrdmnssdr \daïrod Lrjbt^bohjhn Jetd hj V]

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Yroknord eovrd hn jutdr lrjsoenord sdlrn d jssubtd, cdbmnssd qunmoquno mjscobjhd cdk j qujeohjhn hnstj dlrj. D vdeukn hn obmdrkj-áþns ÷tnos, suj hohêtocj, j prdmusãd hn oeustrjáþns mnotjs pned pró-prod jutdr, d nbdrkn rnpnrtórod hn tïcbocjs jcnssëvnos j qujequnrpnssdj, knskd bd jklonbtn hn trjljefd, tuhd ossd kdvnu – kjosukj vnz – j kobfj jhkorjáãd pned jutdr, Yrdm. Gdros Kjrnbad.

Gdros, jeïk hn bdtêvne Yrdmnssdr hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn fê kjos hntrobtj n snos jbds, ï uk nkprnsêrod hn sucnssd cdk uk fostórocdhn rncdbfncoknbtd obtnrbjcodbje. Jutdr hn vêrods eovrds mdo ohnjeozj-hdr hd rnspnotjhd nvnbtd prdmossodbje obtotuejhd Xêtocd , qun rn÷bnob÷knrds nkprnnbhnhdrns gdvnbs pjrj jprokdrjknbtd.

^k hds mjtdrns hn rnbhoknbtd n prdhutovohjhn cfjkj-sn qujeohjhnhn vohj. N ossd bãd jpnbjs bj vohj provjhj, kjs tjklïk hnbtrdhjs nkprnsjs. És vnzns, pjrjr cobcd kobutds, torjr d mdcd hd trjlj-efd n nsprnauoájr, jedbajr, rnejxjr, knhotjr, pdhn prdpdrcodbjr uknbdrkn poqun hn rnbhoknbtd bjs fdrjs snauobtns. Cdbcnhnr j sonssj pjusj hn cobcd kobutds cdbstotuo ukj qunstãd nstrjtïaocj,pdrqun sn trjtj hn ukj pjrjhj jadrj pjrj rnbhnr kjos hnpdos. Yj-rjr uk pducd jadrj pjrj bãd tnr qun pjrjr pdr kuotd tnkpd kjostjrhn, cdkpneohd pdr ukj ensãd du nbmnrkohjhn n, qunk sjln, hn-mobotovjknbtn, hnvohd j uk nbmjrtd.

Ydr ossd, nstj dlrj horoan-sn tjbtd jds nkprnsêrods, qujbtd jdsnxncutovds n jds mubcodbêrods hds hnkjos nscjeþns. Xdhds tçk



GD\OS KJ\NBAD :9

kuotd j eucrjr (eucrjr jtï bd snbtohd mobjbcnord) sn jpeocjrnk jpn-bjs hnz pdr cnbtd hd qun nstn eovrd nbsobj.Ydrtjbtd, ldk prdvnotd, ldk trjljefd, ldj qujeohjhn hn vohj pjrj

vdcç!

Hn\dsnHdutdr Fdbdros Cjusj pned Cdkpenxd hn Nbsobd Supnrodr hn Sjbtj Cjtjrobj



OBX\DH^ÁÃD Bdssd trjljefd hn rnnhucjáãd cdkpdrtjknbtje jtrjvïs hd KïtdhdHn\dsn bd jklonbtn drajbozjcodbje, obocodu-sn nk :?6> nk nkprnsjshn Medrojbópdeos. Nssj kdhjeohjhn hn trnobjknbtd nrj hnscdbfncohjpnejs cdrpdrjáþns n mdo kuotd lnk jcnotj hnshn d probcëpod. Jjbuçbcoj pdssoloeotdu qun nxpjbhëssnkds Bdssj Yrdpdstj pjrj nk-

prnnbhoknbtds hd obtnrodr hd Nstjhd hn Sjbtj Cjtjrobj, dbhn mocjkdstrjljefjbhd hurjbtn kuotds jbds, jeïk hj cjpotje cjtjrobnbsn, qun nrjj bdssj ljsn.

Nssn pnrëdhd mdo hn kuotj jprnbhozjank sdlrn j cueturj cdrpdrjtovj,sujs ohodssobcrjsojs, nxpnctjtovjs, vjedrns, n probcopjeknbtn sdlrn jssujs bncnssohjhns.

Hnshn nbtãd, kuotds dutrds prdmossodbjos cdk j knskj mdrkjáãd ok-pejbtjrjk nstn rnspnotjhd sostnkj hn rnnhucjáãd cdkpdrtjknbtje,

bjs nkprnsjs. Snkprn cdk nbmdqun bd cjpotje fukjbd, cdbsdeohdu-sn cdkd uk trjljefd hn eomn styen cdjcfoba rncdbfncohd bd Lrjsoe,Jkïrocj Ejtobj n Nurdpj, vdetjhd prodrotjrojknbtn jds nxncutovds.

Fdgn gê bãd trjljefd kjos horntjknbtn cdk js cdrpdrjáþns, n sok cdkj prnpjrjáãd hn kuetopeocjhdrns jtrjvïs hn cursds nxceusovds pjrjprdmossodbjos mdrkjhds bd Kïtdhd.

Nstn sobaned kjbuje mdo nejldrjhd obocojeknbtn cdkd uk auoj pjrjjcdkpjbfjknbtd hj nspncojeozjáãd. Xdhjvoj, cdk d tnkpd, dobtnrnssn pned jssubtd nxtrjpdedu ds eokotns jcjhçkocds n snbtokds jbncnssohjhn hn prdhuzor uk kjtnroje qun puhnssn supror, nk pjrtn, j



GD\OS KJ\NBAD :<

curodsohjhn p÷leocj sdlrn d tnkj n qun sn cdbstotuo bd eovrd qun vdcçtnk nk kãds.

Jd nejldrê-ed, prndcupjkd-bds cdk qun j dlrj puhnssn7

:. Nscejrncnr, pjrj ds enotdrns nk anrje, sdlrn j prdpdstj hdkïtdhd hnsnbvdevohd pned Nhucjhdr Hn\dsn, hnshn :?=90

<. Kdtovjr ds nxncutovds j jhdtjrnk nstj pdhnrdsj mnrrjknbtj hnrnnhucjáãd hn fêlotds0

3. Nstokuejr js nkprnsjs pjrj qun obcdrpdrnk nstj prdpdstj hnqujeohjhn hn vohj bd jklonbtn prdhutovd0

8. Dronbtjr ds prdmossodbjos hj êrnj pjrj ukj knefdr jldrhjank

hohêtocj n pnhjaóaocj bj trjbskossãd hnstn `bdw-fdw.Nstj ï j bdssj sobcnrj nxpnctjtovj.

Yrdm. Gdros KjrnbadYrnsohnbtn hj Mnhnrjáãd hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn hn Sjbtj Cjtjrobj



D H NSJMOD HD

X\JLJEFD



Yrdmnssdr \dhroad Hn Ldbj

^bohjhn @dlrjsdeMedrojbópdeos – SC



Js nkprnsjs, arjbhns, kïhojs du pnqunbjs, sokldeozjk j sëbtnsn hjcovoeozjáãd. Xuhd d qun d snr fukjbd bncnssotj ï okjaobjhd, nejldrjhd,

jprokdrjhd, hnsnbvdevohd n hostroluëhd pdr nejs, sngjk nejs prnstjhdrjshn snrvoáds du prdhutds.

Kjos hd qun ossd7 nstjkds oknrsds nk ukj rnjeohjhn dbhn bjscnkdsnk ukj drajbozjáãd hnbdkobjhj kjtnrbohjhn , sdkds nhucjhds nkdutrj ljtozjhj nscdej , jprnbhnkds ukj prdmossãd nk ukj nkprnsjcfjkjhj ubovnrsohjhn , cjsjkds nk dutrj cdbfncohj cdkd oarngj ntrjljefjkds hnbtrd hn ukj du kjos drajbozjáþns pdr tdhj j bdssj vohj÷toe. Zujbhd jhdncnkds, sdkds cuohjhds pdr ukj hnejs0 n qujbhd

kdrrnrkds, snrnkds nbtnrrjhds pdr dutrj.Cdbtuhd, pjrj sdlrnvovnrnk, js nkprnsjs bncnssotjk hn uk nenknbtdmubhjknbtje, snk d quje nejs bãd pdhnk anror roqunzj7 d mjtdr fukjbd.Js cdrpdrjáþns bncnssotjk hn pnssdjs pjrj jhkobostrê-ejs. Sãd nejs jjekj hjs drajbozjáþns n cjrncnk hn cuohjhds pnrkjbnbtns, pdos jkdrmdedaoj n cïrnlrd hd prokjtj fukjbd bãd mdrjk nejldrjhds droaobje-knbtn pjrj trjljefjr du vovnr cdkd fdgn d mjznkds.

^k hnsjmod nvdeutovd

Zujbtd kjos cdbfncnkds d drajboskd fukjbd n, sokuetjbnjknbtn, bdscdkpjrjkds jds hnkjos prokjtjs, bdssds prokds próxokds, mocj pjtnbtnj nxostçbcoj hn ukj obcdkpjtoloeohjhn nstruturje nbtrn trjljefd n cdrpd.

Jd cdbtnkpejr drjbadtjbads, cfokpjbzïs, ldbdlds n adroejs bjbjturnzj, dlsnrvj-sn suj luscj cdbtëbuj pdr uk cdbcnotd lêsocd qunnbcdbtrjkds bj ncdbdkoj hn knrcjhd n qun sn jpeocj pnrmnotjknbtn jdsnu kdhus dpnrjbho 7 cdbsnauor d kêxokd hn nbnraoj (eucrd) cdk dkëbokd hn nsmdrád (custds). Hnssj kjbnorj, tnbtjk prnsnrvjr j kjodrqujbtohjhn hn nbnraoj, ajrjbtobhd suj prnsnrvjáãd obhovohuje n,cdbsnqunbtnknbtn, hj nspïcon.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD :=

D mjtd ï qun bdssds lrjáds, pnrbjs, cdeubj vnrtnlrje, vosãd n juhoáãdprokjtjs, bãd mdrjk droaobjeknbtn nejldrjhds pjrj nxncutjr tjrnmjsrnpntotovjs du rnjeozê-ejs pdr kuotd tnkpd. Mdkds cdbstruëhds pjrj

hdrkor, cdknr, hovnrtor, cdkpntor, prdcrojr n cdbvovnr nk arupds pnqunbdsn cdnsds, bds qujos nbcdbtrjkds snaurjbáj n rncdbfncoknbtd.

Nssn cdbmeotd nstê nstjkpjhd, pdr nxnkped, qujbhd sn prdcurj ukjhnmoboáãd pjrj trjljefd . Hnpjrj-sn cdk jhgntovds bjhj nedaoêvnos, tjoscdkd7 mjobj, nsmdrád nxtrnkd du obcdkuk, ejlutj. J pjejvrj trjljefd droaobj-sn hd ejtok tropjeouk , obstruknbtd hn tdrturj rdkjbd, uk tropïcdbstotuëhd pdr trçs nspnquns crjvjhds bd sded, mdrkjbhd ukj porìkohn,bd quje nrjk kjrtorozjhds ds nscrjvds, hnrovjbhd-sn hjë d vnrld ejtoktropjeojrn du tdrturjr bd tropjeouk .

Xjklïk jcdkpjbfjbhd j nvdeuáãd hd trjljefd jtrjvïs hj Fostóroj,ohnbtomocjkds j knskj cdbtrjhoáãd. Nbqujbtd d pnrëdhd prï-fostórocd mdocjrjctnrozjhd pdr ukj ncdbdkoj hn sulsostçbcoj n pnej hostroluoáãd hjstjrnmjs, bj Jbtoauohjhn, qujbhd d hdkëbod hn mnrrjknbtjs n jbokjospnrkotoj jd fdknk j prdhuáãd n nstdqun hn arãds, j jtovohjhn ejldrje mdooknhojtjknbtn hnenajhj j nscrjvds, sobjeozjbhd kjos ukj vnz qun dejldr bãd nstê, droaobjeknbtn, obsnrohd bd anbn fukjbd.

Yrokjtjs fukjbds bncnssotjk hn hnsjmods n hn nstokuejr suj curodsohj-

hn objtj, cdrjank, cjpjcohjhn pjrj crojr n obdvjr. Só jssok sdkdsmneozns. Bnk snkprn j jtovohjhn ejldrje, cdkd j cdbfncnkds fdgn,dmnrncn tjbtds nstëkueds. N, pdr ossd, jhdncnkds.

D prnád hj covoeozjáãd

Fê koefjrns hn jbds, cdk d suraoknbtd hj jarocueturj, d fdknk cdentdr,cjájhdr n nrrjbtn, hnu euajr jd fdknk ejvrjhdr, jssnbtjhd é tnrrj, moxd,hnsnbvdevnbhd d snbtohd hn prdpronhjhn, hn tnrrotórod n hn mjkëeoj.

Obocojvj-sn, nbtãd, d prdcnssd covoeozjtórod.N jssok, d kjkëmnrd fukjbd pnrkjbncnu nk uk nstoed hn vohj prnhd-kobjbtnknbtn jarëcdej. Nkldrj bãd kjos nxceusovjknbtn cjájhdrns,bdssds jbtnpjssjhds pdssuëjk ukj ótokj mdrkj mësocj, pdos j sdlrnvo-vçbcoj hnpnbhoj qujsn qun ubocjknbtn hd snu nsmdrád cdrpdrje7cjájbhd, ejvrjbhd, snknjbhd, cdefnbhd n prdtnanbhd j tnrrj.

^kj arjbhn kuhjbáj hncdrrnu hj \nvdeuáãd Obhustroje, qun kdhomocdutdtjeknbtn d nstoed hn vohj hd Fdkd Sjpponbs . J Fukjbohjhn bãd

jcdrhjvj kjos cdk d cjbtd hd ajed, jds proknords rjods hn sde, cdedcjb-hd j nbxjhj jd dklrd, du nbcoefjbhd d cjvjed pjrj jrjr j tnrrj, mdbtnlêsocj hd snu sustnbtd. Nk :686, bj Obaejtnrrj, jhuetds trjljefjvjk bjs



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS :1

mêlrocjs jtï :6 fdrjs pdr hoj, n crojbájs n kuefnrns, :8 fdrjs. Nrj j\nvdeuáãd Obhustroje cfnajbhd n kuhjbhd hnmobotovjknbtn d kubhd jtïnbtãd cdbfncohd.

D snr fukjbd sjetjvj hn ukj kãd hn dlrj prodrotjrojknbtn jarëcdej pjrjj kãd hn dlrj mjlroe, bj quje d nenknbtd fukjbd vjeoj knbds du tjbtdqujbtd js kêquobjs qun kjbopuejvj.

Nk :9.999 jbds, snk prnhjhdrns qun rnjeozjssnk j snenáãd bjturje hjbdssj nspïcon, rnprdhuzokd-bds nk qujbtohjhn nxcnssovj, jaedkn-rjkd-bds nk arjbhns cohjhns ubs pdr cokj hds dutrds, cdbquostjkds d―pãd hn cjhj hoj‛, bãd kjos pned sudr hj jtovohjhn mësocj, kjs sok pnejsdotd fdrjs hoêrojs hnmrdbtn jd cdkputjhdr, du jtrês hn uk vdejbtn

nbmrnbtjbhd nbajrrjmjknbtds, du bjs edbajs rnuboþns hn trjljefd, dubjs obmobotjs nspnrjs nk jnrdpdrtds. Xdrbjkd-bds hnmobotovjknbtn snhnb-têrods n pjajkds, hojrojknbtn, d øbus hd cdbmdrtd hj tncbdedaojcdbtnkpdrìbnj n hj mjetj hn qujeohjhn hn vohj.

D custd hd trjljefd

Yrokjtjs fukjbds hnsjgustjhds jd jklonbtn hn trjljefd mocjk obmneoznsn jhdncnk. J rnvostj Mdrtubn, bj suj nhoáãd hn :?6<, ohnbtomocjvj, gê

bjqunej ïpdcj, ukj prdarnssovj rnhuáãd hj tjxj kïhoj hn eucrjtovohjhn,é knhohj qun juknbtjvj j tjxj hn custds cdk jssostçbcoj kïhocj nbtrnjs quobfnbtjs kjodrns nkprnsjs hd kubhd. N js prdgnáþns muturjs nrjkqun, nk cobcd jbds, ds custds kïhods snrojk oaujos jds eucrds, n hnpdoshnstn pdbtd, nxcnhnrojk j nens.

Bãd sn tnk cdbfncoknbtd hn jeauk cfokpjbzï du adroej cdk Ensãd pdrNsmdrád \npntotovd (E.N.\.), tjklïk cdbfncohj cdkd Host÷rlod Dstnd- kuscuejr \nejcodbjhd jd Xrjljefd (H.D.\.X). Nssj ï ukj hdnbájfukjbj kdhnrbj, droaobjhj hj sostnkjtozjáãd hd trjljefd n qun jmeoan

koefþns hn obhovëhuds nk tdhd d kubhd.Hnshn :?6:, ensþns pdr nsmdrád rnpntotovd gê nrjk js cjkpnãs cdkdprobcopjos cjusjs hn jmjstjknbtds hd trjljefd bds N^J. Bj ïpdcj, d Bjtodbje Cdubcoe dm Cdkpnbsjtodb jvjeodu qun uk ÷bocd trjtjknbtd hncdeubj custjvj, jprdxokjhjknbtn, ^S$ <8.999, n uk trjtjknbtd hn ukcjsd hn sëbhrdkn hd t÷bne hd cjrpd custjvj ^S$ <?.999.

Nk :??>, d ^.S. Hnpjrtknbt dm Fnjetf jbh Fukjb Snrvocns , jmnrou qun>=% hds cjsds hn hdnbájs dcupjcodbjos bds Nstjhds ^bohds mdrjk pdr

E.N.\. Nk :??<, nejs jtobaorjk <6< koe cjsds, rnprnsnbtjbhd uk custdhn ^S$ 1 loefþns nk pnrhj hn prdhutovohjhn n snrvoáds kïhocds.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD :6

Snaubhd hjhds hj Yjb Jknrocjb Fnjetf Drajbozjtodb, cnrcj hn < koeprdcnssds hn obhnbozjáãd trjkotjk bds trolubjos bdrtn-jknrocjbds,kdtovjhds pdr E.N.\. J nstokjtovj prnvç qun js nkprnsjs jcodbjhjs

hnvjk ajstjr ^S$ <9 loefþns.Nk :??<, nej mdo rnspdbsêvne pdr =3% hds cjsds hn jmjstjknbtd hdtrjljefd bds Nstjhds ^bohds n cfnadu j dcupjr d snaubhd euajr bdb÷knrd hn coruraojs hn rnpjrjáãd. Jpnbjs cdk j pnrhj hn prdhutovohjhnn cdk snrvoáds kïhocds, ds custds cfnajrjk j ^S$ 1 loefþns. Jeïkhossd, ^S$ <9 loefþns mdrjk ajstds pnejs nkprnsjs cdk jáþns nobhnbozjáþns. Nbtrn js suanstþns, nxostnk jqunejs qun sãd snkprnknbcodbjhjs n, pdrtjbtd, hnvnk snr jhdtjhjs.

Nk :?11, bd Gjpãd, ukj pnsquosj kdstrdu qun prdmossodbjos hj êrnj hnkdbtjank hjs arjbhns obh÷strojs gjpdbnsjs jprnsnbtjvjk hn hujs jcobcd vnzns kjos prdlenkjs bjs cdstjs, cdeubj, lrjáds n kãds hd quntrjljefjhdrns hn dutrjs snáþns.

Nstãd nbtrn ds snus jevds prnmnrohds7 nxncutovds, nscrotdrns, jrtostjspeêstocds, kdtdrostjs, ljbcêrods, tnenmdbostjs, nspdrtostjs, k÷socds ndpnrjhdrns hn kêquobjs.

Js vëtokjs, nk anrje, sãd gdvnbs cdk ohjhn nbtrn <> n 3> jbds, qun, bdjuan hj prdhutovohjhn, prncosjk snr jmjstjhds pjrj trjtjknbtd kïhocd.J hurjáãd hd trjtjknbtd, nk kïhoj, ï hn dbzn knsns n, nk cjsds kjosarjvns, pdhn jtï snr lnk kjos edbad.

Nssns hjhds nxpeocjk pdr qun js cdrpdrjáþns tçk obvnstohd cjhj vnzkjos nk prnvnbáãd, obsnrobhd prdarjkjs qun trjajk kjos qujeohjhn hnvohj jds snus nxncutovds, anrnbtns n cdejldrjhdrns.

Js nkprnsjs prnvobnk-sn

Nk mubáãd hds jetds custds (pnrtd hn ^S$ :99loefþns pdr jbd) prdvnbonbtns hj pnrhj hnprdhutovohjhn, rncupnrjáþns n obhnbozjáþns pdrE.N.\., fopnrtnbsãd jrtnroje, strnss , dlnsohjhn,nstjmj n tjljaoskd, hnbtrn dutrds, d cjkobfdsnauohd pnej kjodroj hjs arjbhns nkprnsjs ï jprnvnbáãd.

\nhuáãd hj sdlrncjraj kuscuejr, hd rotkd hn trjljefd, hj nxoaçbcoj hntnkpd, hovnrsomocjáãd hn tjrnmjs, jgustjknbtd hn nquopjknbtds,kdloeoêrods n mnrrjknbtjs sãd jeaukjs hjs knhohjs tdkjhjs qun vçkcdbmnrobhd ldbs rnsuetjhds.



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS :?

Jeïk hnssjs, dutrj knhohj mubhjknbtje bj prnvnbáãd hjs cfjkjhjshdnbájs dcupjcodbjos ï j okpenknbtjáãd hn prdarjkjs hn qujeohjhn hnvohj, luscjbhd juknbtd hj kdtovjáãd, prnvnbáãd n prdhutovohjhn,

obceuobhd cuohjhds cdk d cdrpd, tjos cdkd js mnrrjknbtjs dmnrncohjspned Sostnkj Hn\dsn.

Yrdarjkjs cdkd d Kïtdhd Hn\dsn bjs Nkprnsjs hnsnkpnbfjk, cjhjvnz kjos, uk pjpne hncosovd bj kjbutnbáãd hj sj÷hn hds nxncutovds,anrnbtns n dpnrjcodbjos.

Snaubhd j \nvostj Yrdtnáãd ( dutulrd hn :??>), pducd j pducd,nkprnsjs snhojhjs bd Lrjsoe, cdkd j Sfnee, Odsfpn Kjxodb, HuYdbt,Knrrne Enpntot n Osfolrês, vçk hnscdlrobhd js vjbtjanbs qun j jpeocjáãd

hn tïcbocjs cdrpdrjos, cdkd js jprnsnbtjhjs jquo, pdhnk trjznrlnk-nstjr draìbocd n knbtje pjrj snus nxncutovds n cdejldrjhdrns.Snaubhd j knskj rnvostj, uk nxnkped hjs vjbtjanbs qun uk prdgntdcdkd nssn pdhn trjznr ï hjhd pnej nkprnsj Snenbouk, mjlrocjbtn hnjetd-mjejbtns, edcjeozjhj bd kubocëpod aj÷cfd hn Sjbtj \otj, cdk <>9mubcodbêrods. D prdarjkj, cdkpdstd hn hujs snssþns hoêrojs hn :9 ko-butds, mdo okpejbtjhd nk :??>, bj êrnj hn kdbtjank, sntdr dbhn snvnromocjvj d kjodr b÷knrd hn pnssdjs cdk E.N.\.

J kjtïroj knbcodbj qun, j pjrtor hnssj okpejbtjáãd, pøhn-sn cdbstjtjr

ukj hokobuoáãd hn, jprdxokjhjknbtn, 69% hjs cfjkjhjs ensþns pdrnsmdrád rnpntotovd n cjraj hnkjsojhj. ―Yrjtocjknbtn bãd fê cdkubocjáãdhn jcohnbtn hn trjljefd (CJX) pdr hdnbáj prdmossodbje j pjrtor hj jpeocj- áãd hd prdarjkj‛ , snaubhd j anrnbtn hn \nejáþns Obhustrojos hjSnenbouk . Jobhj, snaubhd j knskj kjtïroj, nssns kdhneds hn jtovohjhnsnrvnk pjrj hokobuor ds roscds hn ensþns prdvdcjhjs pdr trjljefdrnpntotovd n tjklïk pneds qun nxoank arjbhn nsmdrád.

^k hnsjmod pjrj js drajbozjáþns

J luscj pdr uk jklonbtn kjos fukjbozjhd n mneoz ï pnrsnauohdtnbjzknbtn pnejs nkprnsjs, cdkd mnrrjknbtj pjrj knefdr anrnbcojr dskjodrns hnsjmods rnsuetjbtns hj mjetj hn qujeohjhn bd nspjád hjsdrajbozjáþns. Nbtrn ds probcopjos hnsjmods, rnejcodbjkds7

\dtjtovohjhn du turbdvnr

Ëbhocn hn rdtjtovohjhn du turbdvnr ï cdkpdstd pnej cdbstjbtn nbtrjhj n

sjëhj hn pnssdjs hjs drajbozjáþns, cdk jetd custd nk rncrutjknbtd,snenáãd n trnobjknbtd.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD <9

Snaubhd nstuhds hd Hnpjrtjknbtd Obtnrsobhocje hn Nstjtëstocj n NstuhdsSdcodncdbøkocds, bd jbd hn <99=, j tjxj hn rdtjtovohjhn knbsje bdLrjsoe mdo hn 3,>% jd kçs, n d ëbhocn jbuje mdo hn 8<%. Nk <99<, nssn

ëbhocn nrj hn 3>% jd jbd, du sngj, nk cobcd jbds, j rdtjtovohjhnjuknbtdu <9%, sobjeozjbhd qun, j cjhj < jbds n knod, nk kïhoj, jsdrajbozjáþns sulstotunk snu qujhrd hn prdmossodbjes.

Nssn crnscoknbtd hnrovj, nbtrn dutrjs rjzþns, hj kutjloeohjhn hdknrcjhd, jdbhn d prdmossodbje vovn nk luscj hn knefdrns dpdrtubohjhns. ^k ldk nxnkped ï d hds nspncojeostjs nk cdbcursds p÷leocds, qun snfjlotujk j ajljrotê-eds. Cfjkjhds pjrj prnnbcfnr vjajs bd qujhrdhjs drajbozjáþns, hurjbtn knsns, js nkprnsjs ajstjk koefjrns hnrnjos nk fdrjs hn trnobjknbtds, vojanbs, kjtnroje hohêtocd n cdbtrjtjáãd

hn nspncojeostjs pjrj qun, mobjeknbtn, qujbhd d cjbhohjtd snencodbjhdnstê prdbtd pjrj jssukor snu cjrad, obmdrkj qun mdojprdvjhd nk uk cdbcursd hn knefdr rnkubnrjáãd, mjznbhd cdk qun jsdrajbozjáþns tnbfjk hn rnobocojr tdhd d prdcnssd hn rncrutjknbtd,snenáãd n trnobjknbtd cdk dutrj pnssdj. D pjssovd hj rdtjtovohjhn ï ukhnsjmod hds qun jtujk bj anstãd hn rncursds fukjbds. Nk jeaubscjsds, nssns custds cfnajk j \$ 39 koe pdr pnssdj, cdkprdkntnbhd,nk kïhoj, nbtrn 86% j 1:% hd sjeêrod hd cdejldrjhdr du nxncutovd.

^k turbdvnr nenvjhd ï sobøbokd hn prnguëzd bj eucrjtovohjhn, prdhutovo-hjhn n sj÷hn drajbozjcodbje hjs nkprnsjs, obmeunbcojbhd bd cdkprdkn-toknbtd n kdtovjáãd hds qun bnejs trjljefjk.

Cdbsohnrjhd cdkd uk rnspnotêvne jpdbtjhdr hn sj÷hn drajbozjcodbje,d turbdvnr hnvn snr cdbtrdejhd, hn kdhd j nvotjr arjbhns okpjctds sdlrnds custds hj drajbozjáãd cdk rncrutjknbtd, snenáãd n trnobjknbtd,jeïk hj pnrhj hn cjpotje obtnenctuje.

Jlsnbtnëskd

Jlsnbtnëskd, cugd custd ï nstokjhd nk kjos hn >9 loefþns hn hóejrnsjbujos pjrj js nkprnsjs bdrtn-jknrocjbjs, ï sobjeozjhd pnej jusçbcojdu mjetj hn ukj pnssdj é jtovohjhn ejldrje. Ï j mrnquçbcoj du hurjáãd hntnkpd hn trjljefd pnrhohd qujbhd d nxncutovd du cdejldrjhdr jusnbtj-sn. Cdbstotuo j sdkj hds pnrëdhds nk qun nstns sn nbcdbtrjk jmjstjhds.

Js cjusjs n cdbsnquçbcojs hd jlsnbtnëskd jpdbtjk pjrj j hornáãd hjmjetj hn kdtovjáãd pjrj d trjljefd n cjpjcotjáãd prdmossodbje. Nbtrn dskdtovds kjos okpdrtjbtns nstãd7 js hdnbájs mjkoeojrns, nbmnrkohjhnspnssdjos, homocuehjhns mobjbcnorjs, jecddeoskd, jetnrjáþns ceokêtocjs n,



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS <:

probcopjeknbtn, j hnskdtovjáãd hd nxncutovd, tjbtd bd qun sn rnmnrn jdjklonbtn drajbozjcodbje qujbtd és jtovohjhns cdbtrjtjhjs.

Jguhjbhd j hojabdstocjr k÷etopeds hnsjmods nstruturjos, d jlsnbtnëskd

mubcodbj cdkd uk sobje hn jejrkn sdlrn j qujeohjhn hn vohj bj jtkdsmn-rj cdrpdrjtovj. Anstdrns hn rncursds fukjbds, bj luscj pdr nxpnhonbtnsqun jtnbunk d jlsnbtnëskd, rncdbfncnk, bd juknbtd hj qujeohjhn hnvohj hds nxncutovds, ukj pdhnrdsj jrkj pjrj rnhuzor js jusçbcojs jdtrjljefd, obmeunbcojbhd horntjknbtn bd juknbtd hj prdhutovohjhn.

Ds custds hd jlsnbtnëskd sãd jetds. Yrdgntj-sn qun d jlsnbtnëskd custnkjos hn ^S$ 89 loefþns és nkprnsjs nstjhubohnbsns n ^S$ :< loefþnsés cdrpdrjáþns cjbjhnbsns. Nstokj-sn qun j jusçbcoj hn uk hoj hn

trjljefd, bds Nstjhds ^bohds, custn, és drajbozjáþns, ^S$ >6 loefþns,jeïk hj hokobuoáãd hn nmocoçbcoj n sdlrn-nsmdrád hn supnrvosãd.

Nk <99:, d jlsnbtnëskd pdr hdnbáj custdu, pjrj j Jenkjbfj, kjos hn88 loefþns hn nurds n, pjrj d \nobd ^bohd, j pnrhj mdo hn :: loefþns hneolrjs nstnreobjs. Bd Lrjsoe, bj ÷etokj hïcjhj, js hnspnsjs cdk jcdbcnssãd hd juxëeod-hdnbáj juknbtjrjk nk kjos hn 39%, rnprnsnb-tjbhd 1,>% hds ajstds hj prnvohçbcoj sdcoje.

Sjtosmjáãd bd jklonbtn drajbozjcodbje

J sjtosmjáãd bd jklonbtn hjs cdrpdrjáþns ï knhohj pnej rnejáãd nbtrn jpnrmdrkjbcn hd nxncutovd n cdejldrjhdr prdpdrcodbjeknbtn jd qun jnkprnsj efns dmnrncn nk trdcj.

Zujbhd d jklonbtn nkprnsjroje bãd ï ldk, juknbtj d cdnmoconbtn hnmjetjs jd trjljefd, rnhuáãd hd hnsnkpnbfd, jefnjknbtd és tjrnmjs nhnskdtovjáãd.

Ydr ossd, js drajbozjáþns, cjhj vnz kjos, luscjk okpenknbtjr

knefdrojs anrnbcojos n nradkïtrocjs, bj prdcurj hn ukj jtkdsmnrj cddr-pdrjtovj kjos cdbmdrtêvne, cdbcoeojhdrj n kdtovjcodbje.

Nbtrn nejs, nstãd ds prdarjkjs hn qujeohjhn hn vohj bd trjljefd (Z]X)qun ï uk hnshdlrjknbtd hds prdarjkjs hn qujeohjhn tdtje cdkd ukjmnrrjknbtj pjrj j cdkpntotovohjhn. J luscj obcnssjbtn hn qujeohjhn hnvohj ï prdpdrcodbjr nkprnsjs kjos fukjbozjhjs, nmocêcoj drajbozjcod-bje n d lnk-nstjr hd prdmossodbje bd jklonbtn ejldrje.

Nbtrn ds rnsuetjhds dltohds bj okpenknbtjáãd hn prdarjkjs hnstj bjtu-

rnzj, nstãd d juknbtd hj cohjhjboj drajbozjcodbje, prdhutovohjhn n obtn-arjáãd nbtrn js vêrojs fonrjrquojs. Yjrj ossd, jtujk sdlrn kuhjbájsbds



GD\OS KJ\NBAD <<

kdhneds hn anstãd, jkpeojáãd bj snaurjbáj bd trjljefd, trjbsmdrkjáþnsbj cueturj hjs nkprnsjs n bds cdnmoconbtns hn cdkprdkntoknbtd ncjpjcotjáãd.

Fdgn, ds cddrhnbjhdrns hn prdarjkjs hn Z]X sãd ds bdssds kjodrnspjrcnords bj okpenknbtjáãd hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn bjs Nkprnsjs bdnspjád nkprnsjroje, pdr rncdbfncnrnk d kïtdhd cdkd uk obstruknbtdnmocjz pjrj j kntjldeozjáãd hds cdbcnotds prdpdstds pnej qujeohjhn hnvohj bd trjljefd pneds nxncutovds.

Cdkpntotovohjhn

Ydhnkds hnmobor cdkpntotovohjhn cdkd jquoed qun ukj nkprnsj hntïk nqun ds cdbcdrrnbtns jobhj bãd cdbsnauorjk cdpojr. Nk uk knrcjhd,cugj mdráj hn trjljefd, nxpnctjtovjs hds ceonbtns n js cdkpjbfojs nstãdnk pnrkjbnbtn trjbsmdrkjáãd, js drajbozjáþns luscjk obhovëhuds quntrjbsmdrknk ohnojs nk cdbfncoknbtd, qun pdssj pdtnbcojeozjr dukdhomocjr d knrcjhd j snu mjvdr.

Hnbdkobjhd hn cjpotje obtnenctuje, cdbstotuo-sn nk uk jtovd obtjbaëvne,uk pjtrokøbod hn ohnojs, cdk pdhnr hn juknbtjr d vjedr pjtrokdboje hnukj cdrpdrjáãd. Cjrjctnrëstocd hj Nrj hj Obmdrkjáãd, d cjpotje obtnenctuje

jlroaj d qun d knrcjhd knefdr pdssuo nk cdbcnotds n obdvjáãd bj luscjpdr knefdrns rnsuetjhds. Cdkd cdbsnquçbcoj, d pnrmoe hjs pnssdjs qunjs drajbozjáþns nsqujhrobfjk pjrj bnejs trjljefjrnk prncosjk hnsnb-vdevnr cdbtobujknbtn bdvjs cdkpntçbcojs n fjloeohjhns.

Bd ubovnrsd nxtrnkjknbtn kutjbtn, cdkpntotovd n cdkpenxd nk qun dknrcjhd nbcdbtrj-sn n jdbhn j dpoboãd hd cdbsukohdr tnk d pdhnr hnkuhjr d kdhned hn nxncuáãd hn tjrnmjs bjs nkprnsjs0 j tncbdedaoj ïukj jrkj pdhnrdsj pjrj kjbngjr cdjáþns hds cdbcdrrnbtns n ds sostn-kjs fonrêrquocds tdrbjk-sn cjhj vnz kjos peêstocds n cjkloêvnos, d

cdkpdrtjknbtd drajbozjcodbje cdbvovn cdk uk cdnmoconbtn hn prnssãdobcdkpjtëvne cdk bdssj fnrjbáj prokjtj. D custd fukjbd ï obokjaobê-vne, d qun prdvjvneknbtn gustomocj ds jetds arjus hn obsjtosmjáãd, turbdvnr n jlsnbtnëskd nbcdbtrjhds bjs cdrpdrjáþns.

D Kïtdhd Hn\dsn bjs Nkprnsjs tnk kuotd j cdbtroluor pjrj qun dsnkprnnbhoknbtds cdbquostnk uk cdrpd kjos prdhutovd hn nxncutovds ncdejldrjhdrns. Jtrjvïs hn tïcbocjs lodeóaocjs, hn pdhnrdsd okpjctdsdlrn ds snus bëvnos hn lnk-nstjr n sj÷hn, n j obcdrpdrjáãd hdscdbcnotds prncdbozjhds, trjznkds kjos nmocêcoj drajbozjcodbje, cdbmdrtd nfjrkdbozjáãd jd jklonbtn prdhutovd.



D K ÏXDHD Hn\DSN



Obstrutdr \dhroad ]ovjs^bohjhn Ljrrj Sue

Ljebnêrod Cjkldro÷ - SC



D K ÏXDHD Hn\DSN

Zujbtd vjen uk hoj hj suj vohj4

(Xnxtd hd Nhucjhdr Hn\dsn)

Zujbtd vdcç pjajroj pdr kjos uk hoj hn vohj4 Fdgn, prdvjvneknbtn, bãdpjajroj bjhj, pdos jcrnhotj qun nstê edban hjqunen kdknbtd mjtëhocd. Bdnbtjbtd, okjaobn qun d tnkpd pjssdu n qun vdcç nstê bj fdrj hjvnrhjhn. Ydr kdtovd hn jcohnbtn du hdnbáj, ï obmdrkjhd hn qun nstn ï dsnu ÷etokd hoj hn vohj. N qun jeauïk efn cdbsnauossn kjos uk hoj.Zujbtd vdcç efn pjajroj pjrj vovnr kjos <8 fdrjs4

Cnrtjknbtn, vdcç efn hjroj tuhd d qun tnk pdr uk hoj j kjos hn vohj.Ynbsn, jadrj, qujbtd vjen uk jbd j kjos hn vohj4 Zujbtd vjen hnzjbds j kjos4 Ydos ossd ï d këbokd qun d SwêStfyj efn prdpdrcodbjrê,hnshn qun vdcç sn hnhoqun cdk hoscopeobj, prjtoqun kntdhocjknbtn nobcdrpdrn ds prncnotds hnstn sostnkj. Zujbtd vjen, nbtãd, nk tnrkds hnobvnstoknbtd hn tnkpd, hn hobfnord du hn hnhocjáãd d nstuhd hj BdssjCueturj4

Bd hoj nk qun hncohou prjtocjr nssn Kïtdhd, vdcç hnu ukj arjbhnauobjhj bd snu muturd. Bd hoj nk qun enu d proknord eovrd hj bdssj moedsdmoj cdknádu j cdbsdeohjr nssj kuhjbáj hn hnstobd. Zujbhd jetnrdu ds

Js cejssns hoêrojs hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn, nkldrjdmnrnájk kuotd kjos hd qun j anstãd hd strnss ,pdhnk snr jhdtjhjs cdkd uk obstruknbtd nmocjzn nmoconbtn bj suj jhkobostrjáãd n nxpjbsãd hjvotjeohjhn, qujeohjhn hn vohj n jutdcdbfncoknbtd.





KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS <1

Sn hnmoborkds qujeohjhn hn vohj cdkd j jhdáãd hn fêlotds qun bdsprdpdrcodbjk ukj snbsjáãd pnrnbn hn lnk-nstjr, sj÷hn n jenaroj hnvovnr, nssn Kïtdhd cdbstotuo-sn nk ukj hjs kjos nmocjzns n prjznrdsjs

mnrrjknbtjs pjrj jecjbájrkds nssj cdbhoáãd hn vovnr.Sn nxostn dutrd cdbcnotd qun trjhuzj d Kïtdhd, ï rnnhucjáãd cdkpdrtjknbtje. Bdssds prjtocjbtns sãd nstokuejhds j rnkdhnejr, rnmdrkuejr hnkjbnorj cdbmdrtêvne, snaurj n kntjldeozêvne, tdhds ds snus fêlotds hn vohj,luscjbhd uk arju kjos jpurjhd, rnmobjhd, sjuhêvne, obtneoanbtn.

Obceuobhd jpnrmnoádjknbtd cdbtëbud n obtnarje, du sngj, cdrpd, cdrjáãd nknbtn, nssj moedsdmoj dmnrncn, pdr nxnkped, tïcbocjs qun rnnstruturjk njprokdrjk j rnsporjáãd, pdsturj, sdbd, cdbcnbtrjáãd, fêlotds jeoknbtjrns,

cueturj, n juknbtjk j prdhutovohjhn bds nstuhds n trjljefd, nbsobjbhdcdkd bds cdkpdrtjkds bjs rnejáþns prdmossodbjos n pnssdjos, nk ukprdcnssd cdbstjbtn hn rnnhucjáãd, jtrjvïs hn ukj obtnrcdbnxãd hncdbcnotds n tïcbocjs, droubhjs hn trjhoáþns cueturjos kuotd jbtoajs.

Ds cdbcnotds

Ds cdbcnotds hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn sãd prdvobhds hj obtnbsj n prdmëcujpnsquosj obocojhj bj hïcjhj hn snssnbtj hd sïcued VV, pdr Hn\dsn,

sdlrn cueturjs prnhdkobjbtnknbtn kjtrojrcjos n bjturjeostjs, droubhjs hnukj covoeozjáãd qun fjlotdu d sulcdbtobnbtn obhojbd nk cnrcj hn 3.999j.C.

Js hnscdlnrtjs mnotjs pdr Hn\dsn prdpþnk qun d prjtocjbtn hnssjCueturj hnsnbvdevj ukj rnejáãd ïtocj n rnspdbsêvne cdk d knod jklo-nbtn n cdk j sdconhjhn nk qun vovn, luscjbhd cdkpjrtoefjr nobtnrjaor, jarnajbhd snkprn anbnrdsohjhn, nenaìbcoj, rnspnotd ncjrobfd és rnejáþns fukjbjs (sdcojos, prdmossodbjos, mjkoeojrns, jmntovjs ndutrjs), knhojbtn j jhdáãd hn uk cdbgubtd hn vjedrns qun obceunk ldj

cueturj, ldjs kjbnorjs n ldj nhucjáãd. Suanrn, jobhj, qun jhdtnkdsukj vosãd hn kubhd qun bds kdtovn j luscjr d crnscoknbtd n d jprokd-rjknbtd cdbtëbud, cdbquostjbhd j nxcneçbcoj pned cuetovd hjs ohnojs n hdjutdcdbfncoknbtd.

Nxnkped hn cdbcnotds7covoeohjhn & cohjhjboj

Knu arjbhn jkoad n nscrotdr \dhroad Hn Ldbj, nk uk hn snus eovrds,kuotd lnk hnscrnvn nxnkpeds hds bdssds cdbcnotds7



GD\OS KJ\NBAD <6

―Nssj cueturj bds nstokuej j jaor, j pjrtocopjr jtovjknbtn hd kubhd nkqun vovnkds, jtrjvïs hd hnsnbvdevoknbtd hn cdbcnotds cdkd covoeohjhnn cohjhjboj. Kuhn d kubhd, cdkncn pdr vdcç ï ukj mrjsn qun rnsukn

kuotd hd cdkpdrtjknbtd hn qunk jhdtj nssn sostnkj cdkd nstoed hnvohj, d quje sn cdbsdeohdu bd Lrjsoe n gê sn nspjefdu pnej Jranbtobj,Cfoen, Ydrtuaje, Nspjbfj, Mrjbáj, Obaejtnrrj, Otêeoj n Nstjhds ^bohds, ns- tjbhd nk nxpnroçbcoj bj Justrêeoj, Lïeaocj, Fjvjë n Obhdbïsoj n sdl prnvo- sãd bj Fdejbhj, Nscócoj n Bdvj Wneìbhoj.

Covoeohjhn pdhn snr hnmobohj – cdbtobuj HnLdbj - cdkd d cdbgubtd hnmdrkjeohjhns dlsnrvjhjs nbtrn so pneds cohjhãds nk sobje hn rnspnotdk÷tud n cdbsohnrjáãd. Kjs tjklïk, hn mdrkj kjos anbïrocj,rnprnsnbtj pdeohnz, urljbohjhn, hneocjhnzj, cdrtnsoj. Ossd soabomocj bãd

jpnbjs ldjs kjbnorjs du nhucjáãd, kjs sok tnr uk cdkpdrtjknbtdrnmobjhd hn mdrkj bjturje, jutçbtocj. Jecjbájkds d pdbtd ohnje hn covoeohjhnqujbhd bãd prncosjkds kjos bds nsmdrájr pjrj snrkds nhucjhds, sutos,pdeohds, pdos ossd pjssj j meuor nspdbtjbnjknbtn hn bdssjs jtotuhns.

Cohjhjboj ï j qujeohjhn hn usumruor hn hornotds covos n pdeëtocds, ïpjrtocopjr hj sdconhjhn nk qun nstjkds obsnrohds. Kjs soabomocjprobcopjeknbtn tnr j bdáãd hn qun tnkds hornotds n dlroajáþnspnrjbtn j sdconhjhn, pdrtjbtd, pdhnkds n hnvnkds obmeunbcojr nssjsdconhjhn, sngj nk uk snbtohd kjos rnstrotd (cdkd bj mjkëeoj, pjos, moefds,pjrnbtns), bd trjljefd, du knskd bd snbtohd kjos jkped7 tnkds d hornotdn j dlroajáãd hn obmeunbcojr d bdssd pjës – n pdrqun bãd4 – hn kuhjr dkubhd!

Nk uk proknord kdknbtd, - cdbceuo d jutdr - d cdbcnotd hn covoeohjhnnstokuej j luscjr d jprokdrjknbtd hd obhovëhud nk tdhjs js êrnjs (mësocj,nkdcodbje n knbtje). Yjrj ossd, usjkds js tïcbocjs (draìbocjs, rnsporjtó- rojs ntc.), j mok hn cdbfncnrkds knefdr bdssd cdrpd n cdbhocodbjknbtds, pdssoloeotjbhd-bds mjznr nscdefjs cjhj vnz knefdrns, kjos sjuhêvnos n

obtneoanbtns, obtnrmnrobhd pdsotovjknbtn bj bdssj vohj cdkd ukj nsporjenvdeutovj obmobotj hn jutdcdbfncoknbtd n jutdjprokdrjknbtd. Ossd soabomocj snrkds cdrnóarjmds hj bdssj próproj nxostçbcoj!‛

Yjrj prdpdrcodbjr tjkjbfj trjbsmdrkjáãd bd obhovëhud n bj sdconhjhn,Bdssd Kïtdhd dmnrncn ukj rnhn hn nscdejs cdk prdmossodbjos kuotdcdkpntnbtns n hovnrsjs jtovohjhns cueturjos, cjrjctnrozjhjs pned jklonbtncenjb , snk êecdde, mukd, hrdajs n hdakjtoskd, jeojhd j uk p÷leocd gd-vnk, sjuhêvne, mneoz n prdjtovd, ubohds pdr uk knskd ohnje hn vohj. Cd-kd rnsuetjhd bjturje, nssns nstjlnencoknbtds pdssunk d ceokjpnrmnotd pjrj qun ds cdbcnotds cdkpdrtjknbtjos jcokj jssobjejhdssngjk nxnrcotjhds, pdssoloeotjbhd jd prjtocjbtn j oknrsãd nk ukj cueturjmjscobjbtn n trjbsmdrkjhdrj.



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS <?

Js tïcbocjs

Js tïcbocjs utoeozjhjs bd Kïtdhd sãd mdcjhjs nk jljstncnr js bdssjs

bncnssohjhns mosodeóaocjs n nradbøkocjs, snencodbjbhd prêtocjs qun prd-kdvjk n sustnbtnk j pnrmnotj mubcodbjeohjhn hd cdrpd, nkdáþns nobtnenctd. Cdbsostnk bd jprokdrjknbtd n crnscoknbtd hjs bdssjs fjloeo-hjhns, hds bdssds tjenbtds n hn bdssjs qujeohjhns, jtrjvïs hd trobøkod7ldj jeoknbtjáãd, ldj mdrkj n ldj cjlnáj.

Ydrïk, d Kïtdhd vjo kuotd jeïk hjs tïcbocjs, pdos jtuj bds cdbcnotdsqun obmeunbcojk d jstrje nbcdbtrjhd bjs nscdejs, d vdcjlueêrod, d pnrmoe hdp÷leocd qun sn obtnrnssj pdr nssj prdpdstj, j tdtje obnxostçbcoj hn kosto-coskd, j jlsdeutj bãd-obtnbáãd hn tnrjpoj, j mdrkjtjáãd hobìkocj njenarn hn tdhjs js jtovohjhns cueturjos. Jeïk hossd, Bdssj Moedsdmojnstokuej qun d jeubd obcdrpdrn nssns cdbcnotds n tïcbocjs bj suj vohjcdtohojbj, é suj prdmossãd, jd snu hnspdrtd, mjkëeoj n rnejáþns fukjbjsnk anrje.

Zujeohjhn hn vohj n jetj pnrmdrkjbcn

Nkldrj sngjk jeaubs hds ldbs kdtovds pneds qujos js pnssdjsprdcurjk d Kïtdhd Hn\dsn nk tdhd d kubhd, j ncedsãd hj votjeohjhn nj pdtçbcoj cdrpdrje n knbtje sãd, pjrj d bdssd prjtocjbtn, jpnbjs ukjcdbsnquçbcoj obnvotêvne hj prêtocj.

Bd nbtjbtd, bj luscj hj anstãd hd strnss, snbtokds j bncnssohjhn hnjprnsnbtjr ukj sëbtnsn hds hnshdlrjknbtds hd nstoed hn vohj qunjhdtjkds, cdkd jhkobostrjhdr hjs prnssþns hoêrojs j qun nstjkdsnxpdstds.

Okpjctd draìbocd

Xdhds bós tnkds hdos hnsngds7 sj÷hn n edbanvohjhn. Bãd sn cdbfncnjeauïk qun sn jprjz cdk j hdnbáj, hdr du j kdrtn. Ydrïk,cdbvovnr nk arjbhns pdvdjhds, j hnscdbnxãd cdk j bjturnzj, jjtovohjhn ejldrje lurdcrêtocj, d snhnbtjroskd n j hoeuoáãd hj rnspdbsjlo-eohjhn pnejs bdssjs nscdefjs mnz cdk qun bjscçssnkds cdk ukjtnstjhd hn kdrtn prnkjturj.

Bdssds k÷scueds, tnbhþns, bnrvds, óraãds obtnrbds n snbtohds mdrjk

hnsnbvdevohds pjrj cjájr, pnrsnauor, eutjr, cdbquostjr, obdvjr n jrroscjr.Bdssd nstoed hn vohj ï uk obsuetd pjrj bdssds cdrpds mdrtns, jvnbturnordsn dusjhds, jssok cdkd pjrj bdssd nbdrkn cïrnlrd fukjbd.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD 39

Xnkds hujs dpáþns7 cdkpnbsjr nssj hnmjsjank du jhdncnr.

D Kïtdhd prdkdvn menxoloeohjhn jrtocuejr, rnauejáãd hjs mubáþnsfdrkdbjos, hoanstovjs n rnprdhutdrjs, mdráj n nejstocohjhn kuscuejr,

jeobfjknbtd pdsturje, rnsostçbcoj jnrólocj, knefdroj bds rnmenxds njaoeohjhn. Du sngj, rncupnrj tdhds ds jtrolutds sobnraïtocds qun j bjtu-rnzj nxoaoj hd Fdkd Yrokóros bds tnkpds prokçvds hj bdssj nvdeuáãd njobhj kuotd kjos.

Anstãd nkdcodbje

Xdhds ds kjkëmnrds, obceuobhd d kjcjcd fukjbd, rnjank hj knskjmdrkj obstobtovj jds nstëkueds. Nssj rnspdstj nstê eoajhj, prnhdkobjbtn-knbtn, jd sostnkj eëklocd, purjknbtn nkdcodbje, qun mdo hnsnbvdevohdpjrj hjr ukj vjbtjank cdkpntotovj hnbtrd hj cdrrohj nvdeutovj jtrjvïs hjsnenáãd bjturje.

Snbtoknbtds cdkd knhd, jbsonhjhn, jarnssovohjhn n cdkpntotovohjhnmjznk pjrtn hnssn jrsnbje nkdcodbje, obhospnbsêvne pjrj ajrjbtor jsdlrnvovçbcoj hd obhovëhud, kjs qun crojk ukj sïron hn prdlenkjs bjvohj nk arupd.

D ÷bocd jbokje qun cdbsnaun jetnrjr nssn okpuesd eoajhd é sdlrnvovçbcoj

ï d sëkod fukjbd. Cdbtuhd, ds cdbhocodbjknbtds n pjrjhoakjs eokotjkbdssj cjpjcohjhn hn sulstotuor ukj rnspdstj rnjtovj (cdbhocodbjhj,obstobtovj) pdr ukj rnspdstj prdjtovj, rjcodbje (pdhnr hn nscdefj).

J kjodroj hn bós rnjan jds nstëkueds jobhj hn mdrkj lobêroj (lnk/kje,cnrtd/nrrjhd), cdbmdrkn mjzojk bdssds jbtnpjssjhds. Nssj rnjáãd nstêjtrnejhj j nssn sostnkj eëklocd, nkdcodbje. Nscdefnr ukj rnspdstjkjos nejldrjhj, jgustjhj jd kubhd cdbtnkpdrìbnd, kjs tjklïk sutoe,sdmostocjhj, covoeozjhj, ï prdcnssjr j obmdrkjáãd bd sostnkj bndcdrtocje,

nxostnbtn nk tdhds ds prokjtjs0 pdrïk, kuotd kjos hnsnbvdevohd bd Fd- kd Sjponbs .

D Kïtdhd Hn\dsn pdtnbcojeozj n jkpeomocj j obmeuçbcoj hd bndcórtnx bjsrnjáþns nkdcodbjos hd prjtocjbtn, rntjrhjbhd ds okpuesds eëklocds njkpeojbhd d pdhnr hn nscdefj cdbsconbtn. Cdk ossd, hokobuo kuotd dhnsajstn bjs rnejáþns obtnrpnssdjos, prdmossodbjos n jmntovjs, pdos bãd snrnspdbhn jds nstëkueds hn mdrkj obstobtovj n prokotovj, kjs trdcjbhd nstnrnljtn pdr dutrd, rjcodbje, kjos jhnqujhd n obtneoanbtn.



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS 3:

Hnsnkpnbfd knbtje

Hnbtrn js cdbsnquçbcojs cdejtnrjos, j Bdssj Cueturj jprokdrj js

mubáþns knbtjos, jtrjvïs hn mnrrjknbtjs cdkd js tïcbocjs rnsporjtórojs,ds prdcnhoknbtds cdrpdrjos n js cdkprnssþns hn penxds naeìbhuejs, jkpeojbhd ukj sjuhêvne rnejáãd nbtrn ds topds hn dbhjscnrnlrjos, anrjbhd bdvjs cdbnxþns nbtrn ds bnurøbods. Jssok, nstokuejbd prjtocjbtn, êrnjs bnurdeóaocjs jhdrkncohjs, juknbtjbhd j knkóroj, jcdbcnbtrjáãd, j vnedcohjhn n j qujbtohjhn hn jssdcojáþns knbtjos,tdrbjbhd-d kjos obtneoanbtn.

D Nhucjhdr Hn\dsn

Hn\dsn obocodu j sostnkjtozjáãd hnssn Kïtdhdbds jbds snssnbtj hd sïcued VV, jobhj kuotd gd-vnk. Cdbmdrkn d próprod jutdr rnejtj nk snu eovrdZujbhd ï prncosd snr mdrtn (Nh. Bdlne), nssjcdhomocjáãd gê hurj cobqunbtj jbds.Jtujeknbtn, d qun sn vç ï d rnsajtn hj mdrkjkjos jbtoaj, pdtnbtn, lnej, jbcnstrje, hnjprokdrjknbtd n rnnhucjáãd pnssdje, hn

luscj hd jutdcdbfncoknbtd.Bnssns cobqunbtj jbds, Hn\dsn nscrnvnu kjos hntrobtj eovrds sdlrn hovnrsds jssubtds, obceuobhd moedsd-moj, fostóroj, ldjs kjbnorjs, cdbtds ntc., cdk kjos hn:.999.999 hn eovrds vnbhohds. Mdrkdu kjos hn cobcd koe Obstrutdrns bdKïtdhd, obtrdhuzou cursds hn mdrkjáãd prdmossodbje bjs kjos okpdrtjbtnsubovnrsohjhns lrjsoenorjs, suejknrocjbjs n nurdpnojs, mubhdu trnzn mnhn-rjáþns nstjhujos n cnbtnbjs hn rnprnsnbtjáþns hn bdssj prdpdstj cuetu-rje pdr tdhd d kubhd.

]osodbêrod n rnjeozjhdr, hnshn cnhd tnvn hn eutjr kuotd pjrj nxpdr d ohnjehn vohj n j prdmossãd qun prdpubfj, pdos js mdrájs cdbsnrvjhdrjssnbtojk-sn jknjájhjs n pnrsnauojk-bd, cdkd jobhj d mjznk fêhïcjhjs. Kjs, jpnsjr hj obcdkprnnbsãd hn jeaubs, j suj prdpdstjnvdeutovj cdbtobuj j nbcjbtjr koefjrns hn prjtocjbtns n bdvds Obstrutdrnsnk tdhd d kubhd.

D Sostnkj Hn\dsn jprnsnbtj cjrjctnrëstocjs ÷bocjs. Hnbtrn nejs,hnstjcjkds js rnarjs anrjos hn nxncuáãd, qun dmnrncnk jd prjtocjbtn snaurjbáj n eolnrhjhn0 js snquçbcojs cdrndarêmocjs, prdpdrcodbjbhdvnrhjhnorjs nscueturjs vovjs hn nxprnssãd cdrpdrje0 d pnrmoe hd p÷leocd,



GD\OS KJ\NBAD 3<

cdbarnajbhd pnssdjs gdvnbs, cuetjs n cenjbs 0 n, probcopjeknbtn, jprêtocj óctupej, suj probcopje cjrjctnrëstocj.

Kjos hd qun ukj moedsdmoj, d Kïtdhd prncdbozjhd pdr Hn\dsn, trjbsmdr-

kdu-sn nk ukj cueturj, cdk fêlotds n cdkpdrtjknbtd kuotd sjuhêvnos nprdjtovds, rnubobhd nk tdrbd hn so koefjrns hn pnssdjs rnjeozjhdrjs npdsotovjs.

J Nscjej Nvdeutovj

Jssok cdkd bj arjbhn kjodroj hjs jrtns kjrcojos, Bdssd Kïtdhd prdpþnukj nvdeuáãd kntjldeozêvne, jtrjvïs hn homnrnbtns arjus, hospdstdsfonrjrquocjknbtn nk ukj Nscjej Nvdeutovj, fdgn jpeocjhj pdr tdhjs jsnscdejs cnrtomocjhjs qun utoeozjk d Kïtdhd.Nssj bdrkjtozjáãd juxoeoj sdlrnkjbnorj js rnejáþns nbtrn ds jeubds,Obstrutdrns, Horntdrns n Yrnsohnbtns hn Mnhnrjáþns Nstjhujos, pdosdrajbozdu ds ubovnrsds hn cdbfncoknbtd, prï-rnquosotds, jtotuhns,fonrjrquoj, ïtocj, hoscopeobj, jvjeojáþns n loleodarjmoj obhocjhj pjrj cjhjarju.

J Nscjej Nvdeutovj pnrkotn, jd prjtocjbtn, hovosjr mjcoeknbtn snupnrcursd nvdeutovd, hnshn d proknord cdbtjtd cdk d Kïtdhd, qujbhd ï

jpnbjs uk jsporjbtn , pjssjbhd pneds vêrods arjus cdkd prjtocjbtn, n snhnsngjr tdrbjr-sn Obstrutdr, jtï d tdpd hj cjrrnorj. Ydssoloeotjnbcdbtrjr, rjpohjknbtn, j pdsoáãd hd jeubd nk cjhj kdknbtdmoedsómocd du knskd sdcoje, n tuhd d qun nstê jd snu jecjbcn bukmuturd oknhojtd, cdkd tjklïk nk uk muturd kjos hostjbtn, hn mdrkjkuotd kdtovjhdrj. Arjájs j nej, d nstuhjbtn cdbsnaun jvjeojr sn d snuprdarnssd nstê snbhd rêpohd du enbtd.

J prêtocj pjrj obocojbtns

J prêtocj pjrj obocojbtns pnrtnbcn jd jrcjlduád obtnarje hd KïtdhdHn\dsn cdkd ukj mjsn prnpjrjtóroj. Nej ï d cjrtãd hn vosotjs tïcbocd jdsostnkj prncdbozjhd n ï obhospnbsêvne pjrj jqunens qun obocojk,cfjkjhds hn jsporjbtns.

J prêtocj pjrj obocojbtns ï hnmobohj cdkd ukj kntdhdedaoj lodeóaocj,pjrtobhd hd cdbfncoknbtd cdkuk hn qun d snr fukjbd bncnssotjnxnrcotjr-sn pjrj j cdrrntj sustnbtjáãd n prnsnrvjáãd hj kdloeohjhn

cdrpdrje n nxpjbsãd hj edbanvohjhn.Cdbstotuo-sn nk ukj ntjpj prnpjrjtóroj hd Kïtdhd. Ï uk nstêaodprneokobjr n dlroajtórod, jbtns hn d jeubd tnr jcnssd é prêtocj hd



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS 33

Kïtdhd prdprojknbtn hotj. D prjtocjbtn bncnssotj pnrkjbncnr bnssj mjsnpdr jpnbjs uk kçs (du bd kêxokd trçs, j crotïrod hd snu Obstrutdr), jknbds qun snu jevd sngj nxceusovjknbtn d hn hnhocjr-sn j uk kïtdhd

lodeóaocd n bãd hnsngn prjtocjr js mjsns pdstnrodrns hj Bdssj Cueturj.Cjsd sngj nstj j suj dpáãd, nssn jeubd trjljefjrê cdk kjos çbmjsncdrpdrje n rnsuetjhds oknhojtds, obtnbsds, hn edbaj hurjáãd, obceuobhd jjkpeotuhn hj menxoloeohjhn, d rnmdrád hj votjeohjhn, d tøbus kuscuejr n jsj÷hn cdkd uk tdhd. Homnrnbtn hjs ntjpjs pdstnrodrns, j prêtocj pjrjobocojbtns tnk ukj prdpdstj hnscdkpeocjhj, snk moedsdmoj, snk cdkprd-kossds0 pdrïk, snk d penbd hnsnbvdevoknbtd hjs pdtnbcojeohjhns hdprjtocjbtn.

Js juejs cjrjctnrëstocjs hnssj mjsn obocoje cdkpþnk-sn hn prdcnho-

knbtds lodeóaocds snk cjbsjád, j sjlnr7:) Nxnrcëcods hn rnnhucjáãd n juknbtd hj cjpjcohjhn rnsporjtóroj –trnobjk d jpjrnefd rnsporjtórod hd jeubd, j mok hn pnrkotor qun nstn pjssnj nxpedrjr suj tdtjeohjhn jevndejr, jtobaobhd rnsuetjhds kuotd obtnrns-sjbtns sdlrn cdbtrden hn jbsonhjhn, juknbtd hn mdcd n rnsostçbcoj mësocj.

<) Xïcbocjs hn juknbtd hn tøbus kuscuejr n menxoloeohjhn – jkpeojk,bd prjtocjbtn, j mdráj, hnmoboáãd hj kuscuejturj n nbrogncoknbtd hdstncohds, snk cdkprdkntnr j menxoloeohjhn, cdkprnnbhohj cdkd j

menxoloeozjáãd jrtocuejr n d jedbajknbtd kuscuejr. Nssns prdcnhoknbtdstçk mdrtn okpjctd sdlrn j rnnhucjáãd pdsturje, edbads pnrëdhds hncdbmdrtd cdrpdrje n rnhuáãd hrêstocj hn cdbtusþns bj prêtocj hdsnspdrtns.

3) Yrêtocj hn hnscdbtrjáãd bnurdkuscuejr – prodrozj j kntjldeozjáãd hjs hnkjos tïcbocjs hj prêtocj pjrj obocojbtns , mjcoeotj d jcnssd j dutrds bëvnos hn dbhjs cnrnlrjos, jeïk hn prdpdrcodbjr penbj rncupnrjáãd mësocjn knbtje hn qujequnr nsmdrád.

J pjrtor hnssj ntjpj obtrdhutóroj, cdkprnnbhn-sn d kdtovd pned quje jprêtocj pjrj jsporjbtns tnbhn j jtujr nk ukj ejraj ajkj hn nmnotdscdrpdrjos, jds qujos kuotds jtrolunk cdbdtjáþns tnrjpçutocjs.

J pdtçbcoj hj prêtocj óctupej

J snauor, jprnsnbtjrnkds j ntjpj pdstnrodr é prêtocj pjrj obocojbtns , dnpocnbtrd hj sostnkjtozjáãd hd Kïtdhd rnjeozjhj pned NhucjhdrHn\dsn7 j prêtocj óctupej, cdbstotuëhj pdr dotd mnoxns pdtnbtëssokds hn

tïcbocjs jbcnstrjos, pdssuobhd cjhj ukj hnejs ob÷knrjs vjrojáþns. Jsdotd pjrtns hnssj prêtocj sãd7



GD\OS KJ\NBAD 38

: – Anstd rnmenxdeóaocd – mnotd cdk js kãds, hnspnrtj bd prjtocjbtn dcdbcnotd hd obcdbsconbtn cdentovd n pnrkotn d jcnssd j cdbfncoknbtdsnsquncohds. Ï okpjctjbtn hnscdlror cdkd js knskjs kãds qun

nscrnvnk, hoaotjk, cdbhuznk d jeoknbtd é ldcj, jcjrocojk du hnstrdnk,sãd tjklïk cjpjzns hn cdbhuzor j cdbscoçbcoj fukjbj é cdbnxãd cdkj knkóroj cdentovj hj Fukjbohjhn. D Kïtdhd dmnrncn :96 vjrojáþnshnssj tïcbocj.

< – \ntroluoáãd hn nbnraoj – trnobjknbtd hn knbtjeozjáþns ncdbstruáãd hn jrquïtopds, hnsnbvdevn bd prjtocjbtn j cjpjcohjhn hncdbstruor okjanbs knbtjos, kdehjbhd sotujáþns n jklonbtns é sujvdbtjhn. Jtrjvïs hj rntroluoáãd hn nbnraoj, d jeubd jprokdrj ukj hjscjrjctnrëstocjs nxceusovjs hds prokjtjs fukjbds - j cjpjcohjhn hn

okjaobjr n cdbstruor sotujáþns fopdtïtocjs. J tïcbocj hnsnbvdevn, hnbtrndutrds jspnctds, j cdkprnnbsãd n d cuetovd hj fonrjrquoj. Enklrnkd-bds qun sdconhjhns fonrjrquozjhjs anrjk cdbmdrtd n snaurjbáj, dusngj, knbds strnss.

3 – ]dcjeozjáãd hn sdbs n uetrjssdbs – prdkdvn uk hnsvnejknbtd hjpdtçbcoj bj anrjáãd hn sdbs n prdpocoj suj kjbopuejáãd, prdkdvnbhdrnhuáãd du nstëkued hj jtovohjhn knbtje n hnsnbvdevoknbtd hn fjloeo-hjhns bjturjos obcdkubs, cdkd j nstokuejáãd hn cnbtrds lodnbnraïtocds,hnsnbvdevoknbtd hn mdcd ntc.

8 – Nxpjbsãd hj nbnraoj lodeóaocj jtrjvïs hn rnsporjtórods – dmnrncn,jd prjtocjbtn, ukj oknbsj ajkj hn nxnrcëcods rnsporjtórods, cdk d obtuotdhn prdkdvnr jetnrjáþns hovnrsjs n pdrtnbtdsjs bd kdhus dpnrjbho hd snrfukjbd7 rnvnejr, jhkobostrjr n jkpeojr ds tnkpds obsporjtórods n nxporjtó-rods0 obmeunbcojr bd rotkd n obtnrjtovohjhn hjs dbhjs cnrnlrjos0 nstokuej-áãd cnrnlrje, jcnenrjbhd n kdhomocjbhd d rotkd hjs sobjpsns0 hdkobjr ncjbjeozjr j lodnbnraoj, sulstrjtd nbnraïtocd qun sustnbtj tdhj j mdrkj hnvohj draìbocj, n obmeunbcojr horntjknbtn bj jtovjáãd hn pdtnbcojeohjhns

ejtnbtns bd snr fukjbd.> – Eokpnzjs draìbocjs – nxtnrbjs n, probcopjeknbtn, obtnrbjs. D BdssdSostnkj rn÷bn jeoknbtjáãd hn qujeohjhn, pdtnbtn nstokuejáãd cnrnlrje,jhocodbjhd és tïcbocjs hn votjeozjáãd bnurd-dstnd-kuscuejr n knbtjeozj-áþns hoêrojs, hnbtrn dutrjs tïcbocjs. Jd cdklobjr nssns prdcnhoknbtdscdk uk cdrpd hnsobtdxocjhd, jtrjvïs hn nxnrcëcods kuetokoenbjrns hneokpnzj draìbocj prdmubhj, d prjtocjbtn dltïk obstoajbtns jetnrjáþns bjshomnrnbtns cdbcnbtrjáþns lodquëkocjs cdrpdrjos. Nstjs d cdbhuznk j ukbdvd pjtjkjr bj qujeohjhn hjs sujs nkdáþns, votjeozjáãd n pdhnrknbtje.



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS 3>

= – Yrdcnhoknbtd draìbocd – cdbstotuëhd hn tïcbocjs qun hnsnbvdevnkjedbajknbtd, tøbus n mdráj kuscuejr, rnjgustjknbtd pdsturje,menxoloeozjáãd hjs jrtocuejáþns n nquoeëlrod psocdssdkêtocd, js qujos

cuekobjk bukj okpedsãd hn jutdcdbfncoknbtd lodeóaocd. Nstjsobhuznk d nxncutjbtn j hnsmrutjr ukj cdbhoáãd cdrpdrje ëkpjr hn kuotdcdbmdrtd n hnscdbtrjáãd, jaoeohjhn n votjeohjhn mësocj, rnprdhuzobhd ukstjtus draìbocd cdk jetd bëvne hn rnmenxds n cdkubocjáãd obtrjcdrpdrje.

1 – Xïcbocj hn hnscdbtrjáãd – rnjeozjhj hn kjbnorj snkprn cdbsconb-tn, d prjtocjbtn rnprdhuz mosocjknbtn d nstjhd bnurdkuscuejr hd sdbdprdmubhd, kjs sn kjbtïk jcdrhjhd, jcdkpjbfjbhd, dronbtjbhd, hoko-buobhd n juknbtjbhd j obtnbsohjhn hd rnejxjknbtd. Nbtrn ds rnsuetjhdsnstãd7 j kntjldeozjáãd hjs tïcbocjs nxncutjhjs jb-

tnrodrknbtn bj juej, j bncnssohjhn hn knbds fdrjshn hnscjbsd hoêrod n uk rnpdusd kuotd kjos rnpj-rjhdr.

6 – Xrnobjknbtd hj cdbcnbtrjáãd n knhotjáãd –prdpdrcodbj uk arjhuje cdbfncoknbtd n cdbtrdensdlrn js dbhjs knbtjos, ohnbtomocjbhd ukj vjstjajkj hn nstjhds crojhds pnej knbtn n jprnbhnbhd jsnencodbjr ds kjos prdhutovds n pdsotovds, hn kdhd j

kjbtnr-sn snkprn kdtovjhd, crojtovd n nbnraozjhd.Ydr dutrd ejhd, nstokuej ds obsoafts , ds qujos pnrko-tnk anrjr sdeuáþns obdvjhdrjs n droaobjos.



Obstrutdrj Eosjbhrj Wjpneobo^bohjhn Jv. \od Lrjbcd

Medrojbópdeos - SC



D K ÏXDHD Hn\DSN

BJS NKY\NSJS



Obstrutdr \dhroad Kjejcfobo^bohjhn CjlrjeCurotolj - Y\



D Kïtdhd Hn\DSN bjs Nkprnsjs

Koefjrns hn jrtoads n eovrds vçk snbhd nscrotds sdlrn j nstrnotj

rnejáãd nbtrn ukj jtkdsmnrj ejldrje mësocj n nkdcodbjeknbtn pdsotovjn jetds bëvnos bj sj÷hn hd nxncutovd n cdejldrjhdr. Nssn vëbcued tnkjguhjhd j hokobuor ds cdnmoconbtns hn jlsnbtnëskd n rdtjtovohjhn,rnljtnbhd ds custds hj sj÷hn jssostnbcoje, rnhuáãd bds ëbhocns hnjcohnbtns, kjodr prdhutovohjhn n sjtosmjáãd.

D Kïtdhd Hn\dsn, cdk kjos hn vobtn jbds jtujbhd bjs nkprnsjs,prdpdrcodbj jds nxncutovds, anrnbtns n cdejldrjhdrns, prdarjkjs hnqujeohjhn hn vohj ljsnjhds bj Bdssj Cueturj, cdk ótokds rnsuetjhds,dmnrncnbhd uk trjljefd cdbmoêvne, okpejbtjhd nk cnbtnbjs hn drajbo-

zjáþns, edcjeozjhjs bd Lrjsoe, Jranbtobj, Mrjbáj, Obaejtnrrj, Otêeoj,Nspjbfj, Ydrtuaje n Nstjhds ^bohds.

Fostdrocjknbtn, j obsnráãd hd Bdssd Sostnkj bds nspjáds cddrpdrjto-vds tnk anbnrocjknbtn prdpdrcodbjhd jds nxncutovds n anrnbtns ukjsoabomocjtovj jhjptjáãd és sotujáþns hn strnss , kjodr kdtovjáãd,jutdnstokj, nmocoçbcoj, cdbtrden nkdcodbje n knefdroj bd jklonbtnrnejcodbje.

D sostnkj prncdbozjhd homnrnbcoj-sn hn qujequnr dutrj kdhjeohjhn hn

prdarjkjs hn qujeohjhn hn vohj bjs nkprnsjs, pnej prdpdstj obtnarj-tovj nbtrn jklonbtn ejldrje n nxncutovd, jtrjvïs hn ukj cdbstnejáãdhn tïcbocjs hn nmocêcoj kjos hd qun cdkprdvjhj n qun sãd hntjefj-hjknbtn nxpejbjhjs bnstj pnqunbj dlrj.

Nk uk kubhd nk pnrkjbnbtn trjbsmdrkjáãd, cdk ceonbtns obtnrbds nnxtnrbds cjhj vnz kjos nxoanbtns, dbhn d trjljefd cdkd bós dcdbfncnkds bãd nxostn kjos, ds hnsjmods hjs drajbozjáþns sãdoknbsds. Bd npocnbtrd hnssns hnsjmods, nbcdbtrjk-sn d cjpotjefukjbd n suj cdbtroluoáãd obtnenctuje n d bdssj prdpdstj cueturje,cdk snu eomn styen , hnvn n pdhn snr nxpedrjhd pnejs nkprnsjs cdkduk jeojhd prncodsd bj luscj hd crnscoknbtd.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD 89

J Bdssj Yrdpdstj dmnrncn snus snrvoáds bd jklonbtn drajbozjcodbjehnshn :?19. Bdssds ceonbtns cdrpdrjtovds nstãd kuotd sjtosmnotds cdkd trjljefd dmnrncohd pned Sostnkj Hn\dsn, probcopjeknbtn nk mubáãd

hj prdpdstj, qun sulstotuou d kdhned nstnrndtopjhd hn jtovohjhn mësocjpned hj okpejbtjáãd hn ukj rnvdeucodbêroj cueturj ljsnjhj bd lnk-nstjr pnssdje.

Yjrj jtobaor nssj kntj, ds Obstrutdrns hd Kïtdhd, jeïk hn dmnrncnrcdbhocodbjknbtd qun knefdrjk d tøbus kuscuejr, menxoloeohjhn,pdsturj n ldj mdrkj hds nxncutovds, tjklïk prdpdrcodbjk rnnhu-cjáãd jeoknbtjr n hd sdbd, jprokdrjknbtd hj hnscdbtrjáãdnkd-codbje n hj cdbcnbtrjáãd knbtje, jkpeojáãd hj cueturj,trnobjknbtd rnsporjtórod, jhkobostrjáãd hd strnss , jutdcdbfncoknbtd n

dutrjs tïcbocjs, cdkd vnrnkds bds cjpëtueds hnstn eovrd.Dutrd jspnctd kuotd snhutdr, probcopjeknbtn jds nxncutovds, ï d mjtdhn dmnrncnrkds ukj moedsdmoj hn vohj sjuhêvne, cugds rnsuetjhdsnvnbtujos sãd jpnbjs cdbsnquçbcoj, snk mdcd nk dmnrncnr lnbnmë-cods, ukj vnz qun cjhj uk tnk sujs nxpnctjtovjs pnssdjos, snbhdobjhnqujhd jmorkjr qun snroj pdssëvne supror tdhjs.

^k jtrjtovd pjrj js nkprnsjs ï hn qun ds mubhjknbtds hj prdpdstjcueturje cdbcnlohjs pned Bdssd Sostnkj vçk snbhd homubhohds fê

kjos hn cobcd hïcjhjs. Sdkds kuotd cdbcnotujhds n rnspnotjhds bdknrcjhd hn qujeohjhn hn vohj hd jklonbtn drajbozjcodbje cdkd ukjobstotuoáãd sïroj n cdbmoêvne.

J kntdhdedaoj prncdbozjhj jpdbtj ds kncjboskds pjrj dltnr-sn ukjldj qujeohjhn hn vohj, dlgntovd pnrsnauohd pnej kjodroj hds prdmos-sodbjos bds hojs hn fdgn. Ydr knod hn rnnhucjáãd cdkpdrtjknbtje,jklocodbjkds dmnrncnr uk jklonbtn prdhutovd n kjos mneoz bd hoj jhoj hjs nkprnsjs.

D Kïtdhd Hn\dsn ï, fdgn, ukj hjs kjos vjeodsjs mnrrjknbtjsutoeozjhjs pnejs obstotuoáþns pjrj jtnbujr ds jetds custds hn pnrhj hnprdhutovohjhn, jmjstjknbtd tnkpdrêrod n obhnbozjáþns, nk cdbsn-quçbcoj hjs hdnbájs hncdrrnbtns hd trjljefd. Js vjbtjanbs sãdob÷knrjs7

• nxcnenbtn rnejáãd custd V lnbnmëcod0

• pdssoloeohjhn hn snr prjtocjhd bd edcje hn trjljefd, snk nxoaorhnsedcjknbtd hn pnssdje0

• snk nxoaçbcoj hn rdupjs, nquopjknbtds du edcjos nspncojos0



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS 8:

• jpeocjhd nk jpnbjs :> kobutds, hujs vnzns jd hoj (ncdbdkojhn tnkpd).

Yneds snus hnshdlrjknbtds hurjhdurds, d Kïtdhd Hn\dsn bjs

Nkprnsjs vnk snbhd cjhj vnz kjos utoeozjhd, hnsnkpnbfjbhd ukpjpne hncosovd bj kjbutnbáãd hj sj÷hn, qujeohjhn hn vohj, kdtovj-áãd n prdhutovohjhn hn nxncutovds n anrnbtns.

D prdarjkj dmnrncohd és nkprnsjs obceuo7

• prdcnhoknbtds draìbocds , qun pnrkotnk j qujequnr pnssdj,obhnpnbhnbtnknbtn hd snu bëvne hn snhnbtjroskd, kdvoknbtjr dcdrpd snk roscd hn cdbtusãd du nbtdrsn, pnrkotobhd-efn ajbfjr,prdpdrcodbjeknbtn, mdráj, menxoloeohjhn jrtocuejr n nejstocohjhn kuscuejr0

• rnsporjtórods lodeóaocds , qun rnnhucjk n juknbtjk j cjpjcohjhnrnsporjtóroj, rnhuzobhd j jbsonhjhn n j orrotjloeohjhn0

• tïcbocjs draìbocjs nk hupej , qun, jeïk hn tdhds ds nmnotds hjprêtocj obhovohuje, dmnrncnk jetëssokd bëvne hn obtnarjáãd obtnrpnssdje0

• tïcbocjs hn cdbtjtd , qun tjklïk obtnarjk n prdhuznk hnscdbtrjáãdkuscuejr oknhojtj0

• knhotjáãd drajbozjcodbje , qun nstokuej j cdbcnbtrjáãd, j knkóroj,

d rjcodcëbod n j obtuoáãd0• rnnhucjáãd dcuejr , qun cdkljtn j vostj cjbsjhj n prdlenkjs hnvosãd0

• hnscdbtrjáãd kuscuejr , qun pnrkotn jd prjtocjbtn rnejxjr oknhojtj-knbtn nk qujequnr euajr.

]jbtjanbs hd YrdarjkjKïtdhd Hn\dsn bjs Nkprnsjs pjrj d prjtocjbtn7

• knefdroj hj qujeohjhn hn vohj0

• jutdcdbtrden hds bëvnos hn strnss0

• nxpjbsãd hj kdtovjáãd n crojtovohjhn0

• knbdr obcohçbcoj hn hdnbájs dpdrtubostjs0

• prnvnbáãd cdbtrj E.N.\., hdrns n tnbsþns kuscuejrns0

• hnsnbvdevoknbtd hj menxoloeohjhn, hnscdbtrjáãd n nejstocohjhnkuscuejr0

• jkpeojáãd hj cjpjcohjhn n rnnhucjáãd rnsporjtóroj0



GD\OS KJ\NBAD 8<

• knefdroj hj qujeohjhn hd sdbd0

• knefdrjknbtd bj obtnrjáãd cdk ds cdkpjbfnords hn trjljefd0

• juknbtd hj cdbcnbtrjáãd0• jvjbád hj jutdnstokj n jutdobtnarjáãd0

• nxpjbsãd hj nxpnctjtovj hn vohj.

]jbtjanbs hd Yrdarjkj pjrj j nkprnsj7

• kjodr prdhutovohjhn hds nxncutovds n cdejldrjhdrns0

• rnhuáãd bds ajstds jbujos pdr nxncutovd n cdejldrjhdr bds custds

cdk jssostçbcoj kïhocj, knhocjknbtds, nxjkns n fdspotjeozjáãd0• jklonbtn hn trjljefd knbds nstrnssjbtn0

• knbdr ëbhocn hn rdtjtovohjhn hn pnssdje0

• knefdroj hj okjank hj nkprnsj mrnbtn jds qun bnej trjljefjk0

• hokobuoáãd hds hojs hn trjljefd pnrhohds.

]jbtjanbs pjrj uk pnqunbd pejbntj7

Zunk kdvoknbtj snu cdrpd ï kjos mneoz. Zunk prjtocj KïtdhdHn\dsn ï jobhj kjos mneoz. D Sostnkj prncdbozjhd kjbtïk dprjtocjbtn cnbtrjhd n kjos cdbsconbtn nbqujbtd trjljefj. Jeïk hossd,votjeozj, tdrbjbhd-d kjos prdhutovd n kjos crojtovd. D prjtocjbtnnstjlnencn sobtdboj cdk snus mjkoeojrns n cdkpjbfnords hn trjljefdcdk kuotd kjos mjcoeohjhn. Cuetovj sobtdboj cdk d snu cdrpd,snbtoknbtds n pnbsjknbtds. Hnoxj-d lodeóaocj n knbtjeknbtn kjossjuhêvne, nxtrjobhd kuotd kjos prjznr hd snu trjljefd n hd snu cdtoho-

jbd. Mjz cdk qun d jhnptd cuohn kjos hn so, hjs pnssdjs n hdpejbntj. Nbmok, d Kïtdhd Hn\dsn bds mjz rnjeknbtn kjos mneozns.

J rnsostçbcoj obocoje

J arjbhn homocuehjhn bj okpejbtjáãd hn prdarjkjs cdkd nstn nstê bjrnsostçbcoj obocoje qun tdhd d cdrpd hds nxncutovds, anrnbtns ncdejldrjhdrns tnk j kuhjbájs. Nssj rnsostçbcoj nstê vobcuejhj ébncnssohjhn hn jgustjknbtds qun d cdrpd prdmossodbje tnrê hn mjznr. N

nen, sn puhnr, bãd hnsngjrê rnjeozjr nssns jgustns. Yjrj tjbtd, ïmubhjknbtje crojr-sn j bncnssohjhn hd Yrdarjkj pjrj d prdmossodbje.




Xjevnz, sngj nstj j tjrnmj kjos êrhuj n kjos okpdrtjbtn bj okpenknb-tjáãd hd Yrdarjkj Hn\dsn.

Crojbhd j bncnssohjhn hd YrdarjkjJvjeojáãd hjs cdbhoáþns hn vohj hds nxncutovds, anrnbtns n

cdejldrjhdrns

Yjrj kdtovjr j jhnsãd jd Yrdarjkj, bncnssotj-sn crojr uk qunsto-dbêrod, cdk d obtuotd hn jvjeojr js jtujos cdbhoáþns hn qujeohjhn hnvohj (snhnbtjroskd, jtovohjhn draìbocj, sobjos hn strnss n E.N.\.) n dobtnrnssn hjqunens qun trjljefjk pnej prêtocj hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn,cdk sdeocotjáãd hn suanstþns sdlrn knefdr fdrêrod, edcje n hojs hj

snkjbj pjrj nssj kdhjeohjhn hn prêtocj.

Cjrtjzns, mdehnrs n pjbmentds

D qun tjklïk juxoeoj kuotd j juknbtjr d jpdod jd Yrdarjkj, ïnejldrjr cjrtjzns lnk hojarjkjhds, cdedrohds, cdkubocjtovds,hostroluëhds nk euajrns nstrjtïaocds, obceuobhd knbsjanbs sdlrn jokpdrtìbcoj hj prnvnbáãd, sdlrn ds kjenmëcods hj E.N.\., hd snhnbtj-roskd n hd strnss n sdlrn ds ajbfds rnjos pjrj jqunens qun obvnstnk

nk qujeohjhn hn vohj.

Yjenstrjs n snkobêrods

Obstrutdrns hd Sostnkj Hn\dsn, cdk cdbfncoknbtd sdlrn tnkjseoajhds é qujeohjhn hn vohj, cdk ldj cdkubocjloeohjhn, hnvnk snrcdbvohjhds pjrj prdmnror pjenstrjs n drajbozjr snkobêrods, dronbtjbhdsdlrn ds roscds, sobjos n prnvnbáãd é E.N.\., jd strnss n jd snhnbtj-roskd n sdlrn js vjbtjanbs hd Yrdarjkj Kïtdhd Hn\dsn bjs

Nkprnsjs.

Snencodbjbhd d Obstrutdr

J nkprnsj hnvn prdcurjr qujequnr ukj hjs kjos hn <99 rnprnsnbtj-áþns hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn nspjefjhjs pdr tdhd d Lrjsoe, Jkïrocj Ejtobjn Nurdpj. J mdrkjáãd hnssns prdmossodbjos ds cjpjcotj pjrj d trjlj-efd. Nbtrn dutrds prnhocjhds, bdssds prdmossodbjos dmnrncnk7

• nxcneçbcoj tïcbocj0

• rnvjeohjáãd jbuje0



GD\OS KJ\NBAD 88

• cnrtomocjhd hn mdrkjáãd0

• cdkubocjloeohjhn0

• nbtusojskd0• ldk rnejcodbjknbtd.

\njeozjbhd j jvjeojáãdkïhocj

J probcëpod, pnej suj bjturnzjbãd rnpntotovj, js tïcbocjs hd

Kïtdhd Hn\dsn bjs Nkprnsjs pdhnk snr mnotjs pdr qujequnrpnssdj sjuhêvne.

Ydrïk, pnssdjs cdk sobjos hnE.N.\ n dstndpdrdsn, nscdeodsns,edrhdsns, comdsns, tnbhobotns,sëbhrdkn hd cjrpd, du qujequnrdutrd prdlenkj qun nbvdevjk÷scueds, jrtocuejáþns du

tnbhþns, só pdhnrãd mjznr jstïcbocjs obhocjhjs pned kïhocd.

Bd mobje hnstn eovrd, jprnsnbtj-kds uk kdhned hn mocfjkïhocj pjrj snr utoeozjhj bjjvjeojáãd.

Custd hd Yrdarjkj

Okpejbtjr uk Yrdarjkj hn Kïtdhd Hn\dsn tnk uk custd kuotd ljoxd,tjbtd hd pdbtd hn vostj purjknbtn mobjbcnord, qujbtd hd ajbfd bjprnvnbáãd é E.N.\., nstjmj, hdnbájs hnanbnrjtovjs ntc.

Js vjbtjanbs, qujbhd mjejkds bj prnvnbáãd, sãd kuotjs. D obvnsto-knbtd lêsocd, jeïk hds okprnssds, snrê d hn jssobjr cdbtrjtd cdkqujequnr ukj hjs rnprnsnbtjáþns hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn n cdbtrjtjr ukObstrutdr hd Bdssd Kïtdhd.

Ydr snr rnjeozjhd bd próprod edcje hn trjljefd, bãd fê bncnssohjhn hnsjejs nspncojos du jpjrnefds, rnhuzobhd, jd këbokd, d vjedr hd obvns-toknbtd hj nkprnsj.




Yjrj prdhuzor rnsuetjhds kjos hurjhdurds nbtrn js juejs snkjbjos,nxostn ukj kdhjeohjhn hn prêtocj ljstjbtn prdcurjhj pneds nxncuto-vds, cdk hurjáãd hn >> kobutds. Nssn topd hn cejssn nxoan uk

obvnstoknbtd kjodr7 nspjád eovrn n cdkpjtëvne cdk d b÷knrd hnprjtocjbtns (< k< pdr jeubd), obstjejáãd hn tjtjkn nkldrrjcfjhd, jrcdbhocodbjhd, cdbtrden hn euz n cjoxjs jkpeomocjhdrjs hn sdk.



Obstrutdr Mjlojbd AdknsNspjád hn Cueturj n Ejznr Mjlojbd Adkns

Ydrtd Jenarn - \S





Yrdmnssdrj Bjojbj Jelnrto^bohjhn \od LrjbcdYdrtd Jenarn – \S



S^J Y\ÊXOCJ HOÊ\OJ YJ\J J

Z^JEOHJHN HN ]OHJ

Nstj kdhjeohjhn hn trnobjknbtd, qujbhd jpeocjhds cdk rnauejrohjhn bdjklonbtn ejldrje, prnmnrnbcojeknbtn nk ukj sjej nxceusovj pjrj nstn topdhn jhnstrjknbtd, prdpdrcodbj jds nxncutovds, anrnbtns n cdejldrjhdrnsjecjbájr uk bëvne supnrodr hn hnsnkpnbfd bj nxncuáãd hj suj rdtobj.

Cdk d dlgntovd hn mjznr d enotdr cdbfncnr hntjefjhjknbtn j kjbnorj cdkdsn hnsnbvdevn j juej cjrjctnrëstocj hnssj kdhjeohjhn prnpjrjtóroj,jprnsnbtjrnkds, bjs pêaobjs snauobtns, uk jrquïtopd hn hnscroáãd hnukj prêtocj pjrj obocojbtns .

Js juejs cjrjctnrëstocjs hnssj ntjpj obocoje cdkpþnk-sn hn prdcnhoknb-tds lodeóaocds rnvoadrjbtns, j sjlnr7

:) \nnhucjáãd n juknbtd hj cjpjcohjhn rnsporjtóroj – trnobj d jpj-rnefd rnsporjtórod hd jeubd, pnrkotobhd qun nstn pjssn j nxpedrjr j sujtdtjeohjhn jevndejr, cdk rnsuetjhds kuotd obtnbsds sdlrn j anstãd nkdco-

dbje, juknbtd hn mdcd n rnsostçbcoj mësocj.<) Eokpnzj cdrpdrje prdmubhj – js tïcbocjs hn kjssjanjknbtdjlhdkobje prdpdrcodbjk ukj knefdr hoanstãd n nxcrnáãd hds jeoknbtds,

Xdhjs js vnzns qun prjtocjkds d KïtdhdHn\dsn, jead hn bdvd, pdsotovd n orrnvnr-sovneknbtn trjbsmdrkjhdr dcdrrnrê hnbtrd hnbós. Knskd qun bãd d pnrcnljkds.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD >9

prnvnbobhd hosmubáþns hds óraãds obtnrbds n rnkdhnejbhd ds k÷scueds hjrnaoãd. Jeïk hossd, js tïcbocjs hn eokpnzj dcuejr n hjs vojsrnsporjtórojs jkpeojk d cdbcnotd hn puromocjáãd draìbocj pjrj jeïk hj

foaonbn knrjknbtn cdrpdrje.3) Juknbtd hn tøbus kuscuejr n menxoloeohjhn – jkpeoj j mdráj mësocj hdprjtocjbtn, trjljefj j hnmoboáãd hj kuscuejturj n nbrogncoknbtd hdstncohds, snk cdkprdkntnr j menxoloeohjhn, cdkprnnbhohj cdkd jjkpeotuhn jrtocuejr n d jedbajknbtd kuscuejr. Nssns prdcnhoknbtds tçkmdrtn okpjctd sdlrn j rnnhucjáãd pdsturje, knefdroj hd cdbmdrtd cdrpdrjen rnhuáãd hrêstocj hn cdbtusþns bj prêtocj hn nspdrtns.

8) Hnscdbtrjáãd bnurdkuscuejr – prodrozj j kntjldeozjáãd hjs

hnkjos tïcbocjs hj prêtocj pjrj obocojbtns , mjcoeotj d jcnssd j dutrds bë-vnos hn dbhjs cnrnlrjos, jeïk hn prdpdrcodbjr penbj rncupnrjáãd mësocj nknbtje hn qujequnr nsmdrád.

Sn vdcç ï uk prjtocjbtn enoad, enoj hntjefjhjknbtn j juej jtï cdkprn-nbhnr suj nstruturj. Sn vdcç ï uk Obstrutdr, mjáj kjos hd qun enr7nstuhn d tnxtd qujbtjs vnzns mdrnk bncnssêrojs, jtï jssokoejr dcdbtn÷hd knkdrozjhd. J qujbtohjhn hn hnscroáþns, vdcjlueêrodroquëssokd n kdhuejáãd hn vdz bj obhuáãd hj tïcbocj snrãd hn kuotjvjeoj bj cdbhuáãd hn sujs juejs.

Ldj prêtocj!

XNVXD HJ Y\ÊXOCJ YJ\J OBOCOJBXNS

EDC^ÁÃD HJ Y\ÊXOCJ

Hnmobokds prêtocj pjrj obocojbtns cdkd uk cdbgubtd hn tïcbocjs lodeóaocjs pdrnxcneçbcoj, obhocjhj j qunk sjln, pdr ukj qunstãd hn cueturj anrje qun

prncdbozj j bncnssohjhn hd snr fukjbd hn nxnrcotjr-sn pjrj j hnvohjkjbutnbáãd n prnsnrvjáãd hj kdloeohjhn cdrpdrje n hoejtjáãd hj edban-vohjhn.

Xrjtj-sn hn uk pnrëdhd prnpjrjtórod hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn. Ï uk nstêaodprneokobjr n dlroajtórod, jbtns hd obtnrnssjhd tnr jcnssd jd SwêStfyjprdprojknbtn hotd. D prjtocjbtn hnvn pnrkjbncnr bnssj mjsn pdr jpnbjsuk kçs (du bd kêxokd trçs, j crotïrod hd snu Obstrutdr), j knbds qunsnu dlgntovd sngj ubocjknbtn d hn hnhocjr-sn j ukj tïcbocjlodeóaocj n bãd qunorj prjtocjr js ntjpjs pdstnrodrns hj Bdssj Cueturj.

Bnssn cjsd, trjljefjrê nxceusovjknbtn d cdrpd, cdk nmnotds oknhojtds,obtnbsds n hn ejraj hurjáãd sdlrn j qujeohjhn hn vohj. Hurjbtn nssjmjsn, d prjtocjbtn hnsnbvdevn j menxoloeohjhn, votjeohjhn, tøbus





GD\OS KJ\NBAD ><

:ª. YJ\XN7 \NSYO\JXÓ\ODS

Oboconkds bdssj prêtocj cdk js tïcbocjs rnsporjtórojs, hnotjbhd cdk js cdstjs

bd sded, pïs n pnrbjs jmjstjhds, lrjáds nstnbhohds jd edbad hd trdbcd, cdk jskãds vdetjhjs pjrj cokj, cdeubj n cjlnáj lnk jpdojhjs jd cfãd (oeustrjáãd b·. :).

Cdk d cdrpd hnscdbtrjëhd, cdkncn j hnsnbvdevnr ukj rnsporjáãd nxceusovjknb-tn bjsje, enbtj, prdmubhj, jlhdkobje n soenbcodsj.

Sokuetjbnjknbtn jd jtd rnsporjtórod, hnsnbfn uk sdrrosd qujsn okpnrcnptëvnebd rdstd, sobjeozjbhd jd snu cïrnlrd n sulcdbsconbtn qun nstj kdhjeohjhn hnprêtocj hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn ï okpdrtjbtn n prjznrdsj. Cdkd hnshdlrjknbtdhnssj jáãd, vdcç tnrê kjodr jssohuohjhn bjs juejs n, cdk ossd, kjos rjpohj-knbtn nbcdbtrjrê jquoed qun vnod luscjr.

Sobtj d jr nbtrjbhd pnejs bjrobjs, pnrcdrrnbhd tdhds ds cdbhutds rnsporjtórodsjtï ds puekþns n, ukj vnz bnstns, d sjbaun jssokoejbhd d dxoaçbod, trjbskotobhd-d j cjhj cïeuej, hn cjhj óraãd, hn tdhd d snu drajboskd.

Jadrj, obsporn, prdgntjbhd d jlhøknb pjrj mdrj, nbcfnbhd j nxtnbsãdobmnrodr hds puekþns. Cdbtobun j obsporjr n j hoejtjr js cdstnejs, prnnbcfnbhd jrnaoãd kïhoj hd tórjx. Ydr mok, nstnbhj nssj objejáãd jd pnotd, qun snnxpjbhn é mrnbtn n jd jetd, utoeozjbhd j tdtjeohjhn hds puekþns.

\ntnbfj d jr pdr jeaubs snaubhds. Obocon, nbtãd, d prdcnssd obvnrsd7 nxporn

pnejs bjrobjs, cdkprokobhd d pnotd, nsvjzojbhd j nxtnbsãd supnrodr hnstns0hnpdos, rntrjobhd js cdstnejs, mjznbhd d knskd cdk d nspjád kïhod hdspuekþns n, mobjeknbtn, cdbtrjoj d jlhøknb, rntorjbhd d rnstjbtn hd jr hds pue-kþns.

Aujrhn nstj rnarj7 qujbhd d jr nbtrj, d jlhøknb, js cdstnejs n d pnotdprdgntjk-sn snkprn pjrj mdrj0 qujbhd d jr sjo, d pnotd, js cdstnejs n djlhøknb rntrjnk-sn. \npntobhd7 jr pjrj hnbtrd, jlhøknb, cdstnejs n pnotd pjrjmdrj0 jr pjrj mdrj, pnotd, cdstnejs n jlhøknb pjrj hnbtrd.

Cdbtobun j nxncutjr j rnsporjáãd cdkpentj, nxpedrjbhd j tdtjeohjhn hds snus

puekþns. Hnssj kjbnorj, vdcç rnkdhnej j kjbnorj cdkd rnsporj hoêrojknbtn, trjznbhd kjos nbnraoj, votjeohjhn n cdbmdrtd jd trjljefd, nstuhd n ejznr.

Yrdssoaj j rnsporjr hnssj mdrkj. Enklrn-sn qun j prdpdstj hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsnï rnnhucjr bdssjs jtotuhns, pjrj cdbquostjrkds qujeohjhn hn vohjsupnrejtovj. Ydrtjbtd, nstngj ljstjbtn cdbsconbtn hn qun d qun mjznkds jquo ïjguhê-ed j rncdbstruor snu nstoed hn vohj, rnkdhnejr suj pdsturj, rnsporjáãd,jeoknbtjáãd, sdbd, mdcd n prdhutovohjhn.

Hnpdos hn rnpntor jeaukjs vnzns j proknorj tïcbocj, j rnsporjáãd cdkpentj,pjssn jd rnsporjtórod snauobtn7 j rnsporjáãd rotkjhj.

Obsporn, rnjeozjbhd ukj rnsporjáãd cdkpentj, bjsje n soenbcodsj, cdbtjbhd nbtrn= n :9 snaubhds pjrj nbcfnr cdkpentjknbtn ds puekþns. Nk snauohj,kjbtnbfj d jr bds puekþns d knskd tnkpd hj objejáãd – ds kjos jbtoads



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS >3

pnrkjbnájk d hdlrd du d troped hnssn tnkpd. Xnrkobjhj j cdbtjank, nxjen bdknskd tnkpd hj obsporjáãd n, oaujeknbtn, rntnbfj snk jr. Du sngj7 ds oboco-jbtns obsporjk, rntçk cdk jr, nxjejk n rntçk snk jr bds puekþns nk tnkpdsjlsdeutjknbtn oaujos.

Js okpeocjáþns mosodeóaocjs, bnurdeóaocjs n cdkpdrtjknbtjos hds rnsporjtórods,tïcbocjs draìbocjs, hnscdbtrjáãd, knhotjáãd ntc., sãd nxtrjdrhobêrojs. Ydr ossd,bd pjssjhd, mdrjk hnbdkobjhjs hn tïcbocjs psocdmësocjs. Kjs tuhd ossd hn bjhjjhojbtjroj sn d Kïtdhd bãd dmnrncnssn uk jklonbtn prdpëcod é kntjldeozjáãdhjs prdmubhjs trjbsmdrkjáþns droubhjs hj prêtocj. J hnbdkobjáãd hnssjjtkdsmnrj mjvdrêvne ï Cueturj Hn\dsn.

Nxncutn kjos trçs coceds hnssj kdhjeohjhn rnsporjtóroj. Nssn trnobjknbtdcdbtroluorê pjrj qun suj rnsporjáãd tdrbn-sn kjos enbtj n prdmubhj. Cdkd nxostnukj eoajáãd horntj nbtrn rotkd rnsporjtórod n nxpnctjtovj hn vohj, j prêtocj sostn-kêtocj hj rnsporjáãd rotkjhj efn prdpdrcodbjrê ukj vohj kjos edbaj. Jeïk hossd,cdkljtn j jbsonhjhn n j hospnrsãd knbtje, juknbtjbhd j cdbcnbtrjáãd.

Zujbhd nssn pnrëdhd prnpjrjtórod hn prêtocj pjrj jsporjbtns tnrkobjr n vdcçtovnr rnspdbhohd j ukj jvjeojáãd tnórocj, rncnlnrê suj obsëaboj jkjrnej n jjutdrozjáãd pjrj pjssjr és juejs hn SwêStfyj. Nstjs cejssns, kuotd kjospdtnbtns, dmnrncnk rnsporjtórods qun, jeïk hds nmnotds jquo hnscrotds, mjrãd vdcçcdbfncnr d cdbcnotd hn nbnraoj votje n hdkobjr ds probcopjos cnbtrds hn mdráj hdcdrpd nbnraïtocd.

Jd rnnhucjr j suj rnsporjáãd, d Kïtdhd trjljefj cdk hdos vntdrns7 j utoeozjáãdpenbj hd jpjrjtd rnsporjtórod n j nxpjbsãd hj cjpjcohjhn jïrnj hdspuekþns. Nstns cdbtçk kjos hn 199 koefþns hn jevïdeds, hds qujos utoeozjkdsknbds hn :9% bd bdssd hoj-j-hoj. Nxpjbhobhd d tdtje jevndejr, js cdbsnquçb-cojs snrãd7 kjodr cdbcnbtrjáãd, kjos kdtovjáãd n rnsostçbcoj mësocj.

Jeïk hnssjs kuhjbájs, dutrj êrnj ï nspncojeknbtn jmntjhj pdsotovjknbtn pnedtrnobjknbtd hn rnnhucjáãd rnsporjtóroj7 j jbsonhjhn. Nstj cdbsostn bj rnjáãdbjturje hd psoquoskd hds kjkëmnrds pdr luscj hn snaurjbáj. Hnstj bncnssohj-hn lêsocj, bjscn bdssj tnbtjtovj hn jpeocjr cdbtrden sdlrn d kjodr b÷knrdpdssëvne hn nvnbtds. Ydrïk, ukj ajkj nbdrkn hn jcdbtncoknbtds, rnjos du

okjaobêrods, tjbaëvnos du bãd, nstãd jeïk hd bdssd hdkëbod, tjos cdkd d tnkpd,d ceokj n, nk nspncoje, d pjssjhd n d muturd. Cdbvovnr lnk cdk js dcdrrçbcojssdlrn js qujos bãd pdhnkds nxnrcnr jutdrohjhn mjz pjrtn hj ldj qujeohjhn hnvohj. N ds rnsporjtórods lodeóaocds hd Bdssd Sostnkj sãd uk obstruknbtd qunpdhnk mjcoeotjr nssn nbtnbhoknbtd.

Cdbceuobhd j prêtocj hj rnsporjáãd rotkjhj, ï fdrj hn rnjeozjrkds j fopnrvnbto-ejáãd, j rnsporjáãd hd sdprd rêpohd. ^bj ds pïs, nstnbhj ds lrjáds jcokj hjcjlnáj, pjrjeneds nbtrn so. Snk okpuesd n cdk objejáãd, nraj d trdbcd n, nksnauohj, snbtn-sn sdlrn ds cjecjbfjrns. Nbqujbtd ukj hjs kãds

hnscjbsj sdlrn j cdxj, j dutrj tdcj d jlhøknb (oeustrjáãd b·. <). \njeozjbhd÷bocj n nxceusovjknbtn rnsporjáþns jlhdkobjos, obsporn, nxpjbhobhd djlhøknb0 n nxporn, rntrjobhd-d. \npotj jeaukjs vnzns nk uk rotkd enbtd, jtïqun snu cïrnlrd tnbfj jssokoejhd j sobcrdboj7 jr pjrj hnbtrd, jlhøknb pjrj



GD\OS KJ\NBAD >8

mdrj0 jr pjrj mdrj, jlhøknb pjrj hnbtrd. \npntobhd7 jr pjrj hnbtrd, jlhøknbpjrj mdrj0 jr pjrj mdrj, jlhøknb pjrj hnbtrd.

^kj vnz kntjldeozjhd d kdvoknbtd, juknbtn arjhjtovjknbtn d rotkd hj rnspo-

rjáãd nxceusovjknbtn bjsje, rnsporjbhd jcnenrjhjknbtn pnejs bjrobjs, cdkmdráj n ruëhd, lnk jetd, rêpohd n mdrtn, kjs snk cdbtrjor j mosodbdkoj n snksjcuhor ds dklrds. \npotj :99 vnzns7

................. PNxncuáãd hj fopnrvnbtoejáãd[ .................

Xnrkobjhj j cdbtjank, hokobuj d rotkd hj rnsporjáãd jtï qun nstj sn tdrbnenbtj n cdbmdrtêvne. J fopnrvnbtoejáãd prdpdrcodbj uk nxprnssovd juknbtd hjkdtovjáãd pnssdje, nstokuej é knkóroj, d rjcodcëbod n ds rnmenxds nk anrje.

Nbtrn ds hnshdlrjknbtds cdejtnrjos hj prêtocj rnsporjtóroj, nstê j eokpnzj hdspuekþns. Bdssd Kïtdhd nstokuej j foaonbn obtnrbj hd drajboskd. Ydr jhdtjrkdsfêlotds hn cuohjhds pnssdjos, mocj kjos mêcoe cdkprnnbhnr qun, hj knskj mdrkjcdkd cuohjkds hd cdrpd, hnvnkds nstjlnencnr ukj rnejáãd kjos ïtocj nrnspdbsêvne cdk d knod jklonbtn.

Nbcnrrjbhd j proknorj pjrtn hj bdssj juej prnpjrjtóroj, jbtns hn nraunr-sn,hnsmrutn jeaubs kdknbtds hd pdhnrdsd okpjctd pdsotovd hds rnsporjtórods sdlrnsnu cdrpd n knbtn. ]dcç nstê oknrsd nk uk jarjhêvne dcnjbd hn votjeohjhn ncdbmdrtd. Hnsmrutn hj nklrojaunz cjusjhj pned juknbtd hj prnsnbáj hddxoaçbod bd cdrpd, vjedrozjbhd nstn kdknbtd tãd okpdrtjbtn bd snu hoj n bj sujsnkjbj7 ï qujbhd vdcç hnsprnbhn-sn pdr jeaubs obstjbtns hds cdkprdkossds n

sdeocotjáþns hd cdtohojbd n cdbquostj uk kjodr tnkpd pjrj cuohjr hn so.Yjrjlïbs!

<ª. YJ\XN7 XÏCBOCJS HN EOKYNWJ CD\YD\JE

Nk snauohj, envjbtn-sn snk d juxëeod hjs kãds n, ukj vnz nk pï, pjssn éstïcbocjs hn rntrjáãd jlhdkobje, cdk js pnrbjs eoanorjknbtn jmjstjhjs n envn-knbtn menxodbjhjs, js kãds prnssodbjbhd js cdxjs bj jeturj hjs voroefjs n dshnhds vdetjhds pjrj hnbtrd (oeustrjáãd b·. 3).

Nxporn, puxjbhd j ljrroaj lnk pjrj hnbtrd n pjrj cokj, cdkd sn cdejssn d uk-load bj cdeubj vnrtnlrje, crojbhd ukj bëtohj cdbcjvohjhn jljoxd hjscdstnejs n sustnbtjbhd-j jssok, nbqujbtd mdr pdssëvne, snk jr. Ds kjosjbtoads nxncutnk j tïcbocj hn osdejknbtd nstêtocd hd rntd jlhdkobje. Xdrbn jobsporjr n, jd sdetjr bdvjknbtn d jr, rnpotj j rntrjáãd jlhdkobje pdr kjosqujtrd vnzns, snkprn jtnbtjbhd pjrj d tdtje nsvjzojknbtd hds puekþns hurjbtnj pnrkjbçbcoj bj tïcbocj.

Nbqujbtd nxncutj, cdbsohnrn ds sobjos nkotohds pneds óraãds hoanstovds,nxcrntdrns n rnprdhutdrns, qun, bnstn kdknbtd, rncnlnk cuohjhds nspncojos.

Hnssj mdrkj, vdcç orê hoanror knefdr ds jeoknbtds, neokobê-eds kjos mjcoeknbtn,prnvnbobhd hosmubáþns hds óraãds edcjeozjhds bj cjvohjhn jlhdkobje.



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS >>

J snauor, rnjeozn ukj vjrojáãd kjos jvjbájhj. Nsvjzojbhd ds puekþns,rntrjobhd j ljrroaj pjrj hnbtrd n sdetjbhd-j, pjrj hnbtrd n sdetjbhd-j, kjs snkrnsporjr, tnbtjbhd jecjbájr ukj kjrcj nbtrn :> n 39 rntrjáþns jlhdkobjossucnssovjs, nk cjhj rntnbáãd vjzoj. Yrncosjbhd objejr, rncupnrn-snrnsporjbhd eovrnknbtn n rnpotj tdhj j tïcbocj kjos trçs vnzns. Ds kjos jbtoadsprjtoqunk j kdvoknbtjáãd hd k÷scued rntd jlhdkobje.

Jd nmntujr nssn pdhnrdsd prdcnhoknbtd, enklrn-sn qun tuhd ossd ï ukprnpjrjtórod pjrj vdcç pdhnr nxncutjr cdrrntjknbtn d bjueo `royê , tïcbocj hnpuromocjáãd hjs kucdsjs qun vdcç nxnrcotjrê qujbhd pjssjr pjrj js turkjs hnSwêStfyj. Nssn nxnrcëcod, jeïk hn prdpdrcodbjr tdhds ds nmnotds hjcdkprnssãd jlhdkobje, jtujrê, probcopjeknbtn, sdlrn j lodnbnraoj n dscnbtrds hn mdráj hd cdrpd sutoe.

Cdbtobun nxncutjbhd j tïcbocj, cdbsconbtn qun nstê rnkdhnejbhd, rncdbstruobhdsnus sostnkjs draìbocds hn hoanstãd, rnprdhuáãd n nxcrnáãd. Nstêcrojbhd uk kdhned, uk jrquïtopd draìbocd hn qujeohjhn hn vohj. Ydr ossd, jokpdrtìbcoj hn prdarjkjr suj snkjbj pjrj prjtocjr d kjodr b÷knrd hn juejsqun puhnr. Hnssj kjbnorj, ds rnsuetjhds suraorãd kjos rjpohjknbtn.

Cdbceuëkds d trnobjknbtd, trjznbhd vnrtocjeohjhn jd trdbcd, mncfjbhd ds defdspdr jeaubs obstjbtns n nxnrcnbhd obtnbsj cdkubocjáãd obtrjcdrpdrje cdk sujcjvohjhn jlhdkobje. Hnsnbfn uk sdrrosd n rnsporn prdmubhjknbtn, vjedrozjbhdobtnbsjknbtn nssns kdknbtds tãd jarjhêvnos hj prêtocj hnssj kdhjeohjhnprnpjrjtóroj hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn.

3ª. YJ\XN7 Y\DCNHOKNBXDS D\AÌBOCDS

Gubtn ds pïs n cdedqun js kãds jd edbad hd cdrpd. Kjbtnbfj js pdbtjs hdspïs gubtjs n mncfn ds defds pjrj jprokdrjr d snbsd hn nquoeëlrod. Hnpdos,cdbcnbtrn d mdcd bj suj pnrbj hornotj, osdejbhd cjhj k÷scued n jrtocuejáãd, jtïqun pdssj jpeocjr suj vdbtjhn sdlrn nens.

Enklrn-sn hn kjbtnr uk sdrrosd qujsn okpnrcnptëvne hurjbtn tdhj j prêtocj,

pjrj bdvjknbtn sobjeozjr jd cïrnlrd n sulcdbsconbtn sdlrn j okpdrtìbcoj n dprjznr cjusjhd pdr nssj kdhjeohjhn hn cejssn hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn pjrj j sujnvdeuáãd pnssdje, jeïk hn jcrnscnbtjr uk jspnctd e÷hocd és juejs.

Xãd edad sn cdbsohnrn nk nquoeëlrod, jlrj ds defds n moxn d defjr nk uk pdbtd émrnbtn, pdusjbhd tdhd d pnsd hd cdrpd bj pnrbj hornotj, nenvjbhd n menxodbjbhdj pnrbj nsqunrhj. Nbtrnejcn js kãds sdlrn j tëloj n kjbtnbfj tdtje mdcd nknstjloeozjr j pdsoáãd (oeustrjáãd b·. 8).

Nbqujbtd ds jsporjbtns kjbtçk nssn bëvne hn trnobjknbtd, ds kjos jbtoads, qunpdrtjk j obsëaboj jkjrnej, ejrjbgj, vnrknefj du eoeês, nxncutnk ukj snquçbcoj

hn pdsoáþns hn nquoeëlrod, dlsnrvjbhd js pjssjanbs cdrnd-arêmocjs, snk dscoejrn jpdojhds sdlrn j pnrbj hornotj.





KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS >1

jáãd obtnarjhj (cdrpd, knbtn n nkdáþns), jkpeojk, bd prjtocjbtn, j pnrcnpáãdhn qun hj knskj kjbnorj cdkd cuohj hn so, hnvn jprokdrjr d kubhd qun drdhnoj. Hjë j okpdrtìbcoj hn nstjrkds nbajgjhds bj knefdroj hj sdconhjhn,pjrtocopjbhd, pdr nxnkped, hn dlrjs sdcojos.

Nxjen, envjbhd d trdbcd jd eokotn hn suj ejtnrdmenxãd0 bncnssotjbhd objejr, sokue-tjbnjknbtn trjaj vnrtocjeohjhn jd trdbcd. Nxpuesn d jr hn oknhojtd, nbqujbtdnxncutj j knskj menxãd pjrj d dutrd ejhd. Xïcbocjs cdkd nssj rnhuznk jsjssokntrojs cdrpdrjos n juknbtjk j kdloeohjhn hj cdeubj vnrtnlrje.

Nbqujbtd pnrkjbncn, kjbtnbfj suj jtnbáãd mdcjhj bj jáãd osdkïtrocj hj pdsoáãdsdlrn snus k÷scueds. Yrodrozjkds j pnrkjbçbcoj nk hntroknbtd hj rnpntoáãd. Nbtrnjs kuotjs vjbtjanbs hnstj kdhjeohjhn hn trnobjknbtd nstê j obcohçbcoj znrd hnhostnbsþns n rupturjs hds mnoxns kuscuejrns n j ljoxj prdhuáãd hn êcohd ejctjtdbjs molrjs kuscuejrns, cjusjhdr hn mjhoaj n hnscdbmdrtd qujbhd prdhuzohd nknxcnssd.

Obsporn, rntdrbjbhd0 n, snk ljoxjr ds lrjáds, nxporn, menxodbjbhd d trdbcd sdlrnj pnrbj nsqunrhj, snaurjbhd cdk j kãd hornotj d tdrbdzned nsqunrhd, snk hjr jkêxokj menxãd. D lrjád nsqunrhd hnscjbsj sdlrn js cdstjs. Jd pnrkjbncnr,rnsporn n jedbaun-sn, jhjptjbhd-sn é tïcbocj (oeustrjáãd b·. 1).

Jadrj, mjáj ukj nxjejáãd prdmubhj, hjbhd j kêxokj menxãd, tdcjbhd j tnstj bd gdnefd nsqunrhd, kãd hornotj bnssn pï n nenvjbhd d dutrd lrjád (oeustrjáãd b·.6). Ynrkjbnáj snk jr nbqujbtd puhnr. Obsporn, rntdrbjbhd j vnrtocjeohjhn jdtrdbcd, cdk ds lrjáds nstnbhohds ejtnrjeknbtn bj jeturj hds dklrds. Cdkpnbsnnxjtjknbtn hj knskj mdrkj pjrj d dutrd ejhd. Enklrn-sn hn qun vdcç hnvnhnscdbtrjor j kuscuejturj bj proknorj mjsn hn cjhj pdsoáãd, snkprn qun pdssë-vne. Ds pïs hnvnk nstjr pjrjeneds, n js pnrbjs bãd hnvnk snr menxodbjhjs.Cdbcnbtrn-sn bds nmnotds qun vdcç hnsngj. Nssj pdsoáãd jtuj bj cdeubj, cobturj,jlhøknb n prdpdrcodbj nxcnenbtn jedbajknbtd hj kuscuejturj pdstnrodr hjspnrbjs n cdstjs.

Obsporn, rntdrbjbhd é vnrtocjeohjhn0 n jobhj cdk js pnrbjs lnk jmjstjhjs n dspïs pjrjeneds, trjaj js kãds jtrês hjs rnspnctovjs cdxjs n nxjen pjrj menxodbjrd trdbcd pdstnrodrknbtn, nbqujbtd hnseozj js kãds pnejs pnrbjs, cdk j cjlnáj

lnk jcdkdhjhj pjrj três (oeustrjáãd b·. ?). Yjssn d lrjád hornotd nk tdrbd hjcobturj pnej mrnbtn n j pjekj hj kãd nsqunrhj pjrj três hd gdnefd dpdstd(oeustrjáãd b·. :9). Obsporn, hnsmjznbhd0 n nxporn, cdkpnbsjbhd pjrj d dutrdejhd. Yroknord, cdk js hujs kãds jtrês hds hdos gdnefds. Hnpdos, cdk d lrjádnsqunrhd nk tdrbd hj cobturj pnej mrnbtn n j pjekj hj kãd hornotj jtrês hd gdnefd nsqunrhd.

Ds prdcnhoknbtds draìbocds tçk rnarjs hn nxncuáãd nspncëmocjs, sostnkjtozj-hjs pned Nhucjhdr Hn\dsn, cdkd pdr nxnkped7 tdhd kdvoknbtd pjrj cokj ïmnotd cdk obsporjáãd n pjrj ljoxd cdk nxporjáãd. Jeïk hn prdpdrcodbjr jutdssu-

mocoçbcoj jd jeubd, nssjs rnarjs pnrkotnk jlsdeutj snaurjbáj bj prêtocj.Hnsmjáj cdk obsporjáãd. Nk snauohj n cdk ds knskds cobcd pjekds hnhostìbcoj nbtrn ds pïs, aorn d pï nsqunrhd pjrj mdrj n snaurn cdk j kãd



GD\OS KJ\NBAD >6

hornotj d puesd nsqunrhd és cdstjs. Cdk nxjejáãd, menxodbn sdknbtn j pnrbjnsqunrhj n, sokuetjbnjknbtn, hnsáj d trdbcd bj knskj hornáãd jtï qun d bjroztdqun d gdnefd du d jetd hj cjlnáj jecjbcn d sded (oeustrjáãd b·. ::). Obsporn,rntdrbjbhd0 n nxporn, rnpntobhd pjrj j hornotj, hj knskj mdrkj. ]dcç nstjrêtrjljefjbhd ds óraãds hj nsmnrj anbotje, k÷scueds hjs pnrbjs n jrtocuejáþns hds gdnefds.

Xnrkobn, obsporjbhd nbqujbtd nenvj d trdbcd é vnrtocjeohjhn, ljoxjbhd ds lrjádspjrj ds ejhds hjs cdxjs n trjznbhd ds pïs pjrjeneds pjrj ukjhostìbcoj hn hdos pjekds nbtrn so, pjssjbhd é tïcbocj hn hnscdbtrjáãd hdslrjáds n dklrds (oeustrjáãd b·. :<). D trdbcd aorj hobjkocjknbtn nk tdrbd hdnoxd hj cdeubj. Ds lrjáds jljbhdbjhds sãd okpuesodbjhds pdr nstn kdvoknbtd,hn uk ejhd pjrj d dutrd, nkljejbájbhd adstdsjknbtn. Sobtj j jarjhêvnehnscdbtrjáãd cdstje, nbqujbtd j rnsporjáãd jcdbtncn eovrnknbtn. Yrdcurn sdetjr

kjos ds lrjáds.Hnscdbtrjoj n sdetn cdkpentjknbtn... Cnssn jds pducds.

Knáj uk pjekd nbtrn ds pïs pjrjeneds (oeustrjáãd b·. :3) n nxncutn ukj mdrtntrjáãd, obsporjbhd n nenvjbhd, jd knskd tnkpd, ds lrjáds n cjecjbfjrns(oeustrjáãd b·. :8). \ntnbfj d jr pdr jeauk tnkpd, cdk ds lrjáds nenvjhds0 nhnpdos, cdk nxporjáãd, jljoxn sobcrdbozjhjknbtn ds cjecjbfjrns n dslrjáds, nstns ejtnrjeknbtn.

Gubtn ds pïs n, cdk ds hnhds hjs kãds nbtrnejájhds n js pjekjs hjs kãdsubohjs7 obsporn, nenvjbhd ds lrjáds nstnbhohds, cdbtrjoj ds ae÷tnds0 n nxporn,menxodbjbhd j cdeubj pjrj três (oeustrjáãd b·. :>). Ynrkjbnáj cdk ds puekþnsvjzods. Xdbturjs snbtohjs bnssj pdsoáãd sãd dcjsodbjhjs pnej prêtocj hj rnspo-rjáãd hn mdrkj nrrjhj. Enklrn-sn snkprn hn jcjtjr js dronbtjáþns mnotjs pnedsnu kïhocd n qun nstãd rnaostrjhjs nk suj mocfj kïhocj, qun, pjrj suj snaurjbáj, hnvn snr rnbdvjhj jbujeknbtn.

Obsporn, rntdrbjbhd n nxporn, menxodbjbhd d trdbcd pjrj mrnbtn. Yroknord,nvotjbhd j menxãd kêxokj, cdk js kãds jpdojhjs bds gdnefds n ds lrjádsnstnbhohds, sustnbtjbhd d cdrpd (oeustrjáãd b·. :=). Hnpdos, rnsporjbhd bdrkjeknb-tn, hnoxn tdkljr adstdsjknbtn ds lrjáds n j cjlnáj (oeustrjáãd b·. :1). Nk

snauohj, nxporjbhd, tdqun cdk js pjekjs hjs kãds bd cfãd (oeustrjáãd b·. :6),du snaurn pdr três hds tdrbdzneds (oeustrjáãd b·. :?), tnbtjbhd tdcjr cdk j tnstjds gdnefds, snk menxodbê-eds.

Menxodbn-ds nk snauohj pjrj jajcfjr, snk torjr ds cjecjbfjrns hd sded(oeustrjáãd b·. <9). Snbtn-sn bd cfãd n nstnbhj js pnrbjs é mrnbtn (oeustrjáãd b·.<:).

Obsporn, nenvjbhd ds lrjáds nstnbhohds0 n nxporn, hnotjbhd, jcdkdhjbhd-sn pjrjtrês (oeustrjáãd b·. <<). ^kj vnz hnotjhd, trjcodbn lnk j cdeubj, mdrájbhd dslrjáds pjrj três n pjrj ljoxd jtï qun js kãds nbtrnejájhjs tdqunk d sded

jcokj hj cjlnáj.Nbqujbtd ossd, nstnbhj d hdrsd hds pïs, jprdxokjbhd ds hnhds hd sded. Hnpdos,nxporn, hostnbsodbjbhd prjznrdsjknbtn cdk js kãds j uk pjekd hds qujhros,





GD\OS KJ\NBAD =9

Obsporn, rntdrbjbhd d trdbcd pjrj j vnrtocjeohjhn hnseozjbhd js kãds pnejspnrbjs, menxodbjbhd-js pjrj hnbtrd n tdcjbhd cdk js pejbtjs hds pïs ukj bjdutrj, puxjbhd ds pïs cdk js kãds pjrj pnrtd hds qujhros, ljoxjbhd ds gdnefdsejtnrjeknbtn, tnbtjbhd tdcê-eds bd sded. Jguhn cdk ds cdtdvneds pjrj ljoxê-edsjobhj kjos (oeustrjáãd b·. <6).

Ynrkjbncnrnkds jeauk tnkpd bnstj pdsoáãd, snk mdrájr, jpnbjs hnscdb-trjobhd js pjrtns hd cdrpd sdlrn js qujos nstn prdcnhoknbtd draìbocd jtuj.^toeozn j cdbscoçbcoj cdkd uk scjbbnr qun trjbspjssj d cdrpd bd snbtohd edbao-tuhobje n sobjeozj js êrnjs sdlrn js qujos ï bncnssêrod jtujr, rnkdhnejbhd,rncdbstruobhd k÷scueds, tnbhþns, dssds, jrtocuejáþns n aeìbhuejs. Hnpdos,rnjeozn j knefdr tdráãd, nxporjbhd n kjbtnbhd snk jr nbqujbtd puhnr. Nssjpnrkjbçbcoj hnpnbhnrê horntjknbtn hj cjpjcohjhn puekdbjr hn cjhj prjtocjbtn.

Nk snauohj, nstnbhj js pnrbjs é mrnbtn n uk pducd jmjstjhjs nbtrn so.Hnscjbsn, sustnbtjbhd d cdrpd bds lrjáds, cdk js kãds jpdojhjs bd cfãdedad jtrês hds qujhros (oeustrjáãd b·. <?). Nstjkds cdk j rnsporjáãd é vdbtjhn.Bj snquçbcoj, cdk d juxëeod hjs kãds, trjaj d hdrsd hd pï hornotd sdlrn j cdxjnsqunrhj, próxokd é voroefj. Cdk ukj du jkljs js kãds, nkpurrn kdhnrjhj-knbtn d gdnefd hornotd pjrj ljoxd, luscjbhd tdcê-ed bd sded (oeustrjáãd b·. 39).

Obsporn, nenvjbhd ds lrjáds cdk js kãds ubohjs n ds hnhds nbtrnejájhds jtï jvnrtocjeohjhn, tdrcnbhd d trdbcd pjrj j nsqunrhj n menxodbjbhd pjrj mrnbtn, snau-rjbhd cdk js hujs kãds d tdrbdzned nsqunrhd, tdkljbhd j cjlnáj, snk hjr jkêxokj menxãd (oeustrjáãd b·. 3:). Bnssn pdbtd, j rnsporjáãd mocj é vdbtjhn.

Nxporn, hjbhd j kêxokj menxãd, cdk j cjlnáj luscjbhd d gdnefd n nstnbhnbhd dpï. Nbqujbtd pnrkjbncn, cdbcnbtrn-sn bds snus óraãds jlhdkobjos, qun sãdnbdrknknbtn nbnraozjhds pdr nssj tïcbocj.

Bjs sujs prêtocjs nk cjsj, prdcurn pnrkjbncnr kjos tnkpd. Jadrj, obsporn,hnsmjznbhd n rnpntobhd pjrj d dutrd ejhd, roadrdsjknbtn hj knskj mdrkj.Enklrn-sn snkprn qun nssj ï jpnbjs j mjsn prnpjrjtóroj hd Bdssd Kïtdhd. Jpróxokj ntjpj cdbsostn nk rnspdbhnr j uk tnstn tnórocd pjrj jvjeojáãd hd snucdbfncoknbtd sdlrn j bdssj prdpdstj n, ukj vnz rnvosjhjs js rnspdstjs n ju-tdrozjhd pned snu Obstrutdr, vdcç jvjbájrê pjrj d arju hn sêhfj`j, rncnlnbhd

suj obsëaboj hn cdr jkjrnej nk ukj cnrokøboj pdhnrdsj, qun jcdbtncn ésqujrtjs-mnorjs bjs ^bohjhns Crnhnbcojhjs.

Enklrn-sn qun bdssj dronbtjáãd ï nstrotjknbtn prêtocj, n pdr ossd, jtrjëkds ukp÷leocd hn jpurjhd ldk-adstd n snbsd crëtocd, qun mjznk qunstãd hn tnr dknefdr pjrj so nk tdhds ds qunsotds.

Jadrj, hnsmjáj j pdsoáãd n ubj js pnrbjs nstnbhohjs n ds pïs é mrnbtn. Hnpdos,menxodbn j pnrbj hornotj sdlrn j nsqunrhj, cdk j pejbtj hd pï bd cfãd pdr mdrjhd gdnefd dpdstd. Xrjaj d lrjád nsqunrhd nbtrn j cdxj menxodbjhj n d pnotd npdusn j pjekj hj kãd hornotj bd sded, jtrês, j jeturj hd cóccox (oeustrjáãd

b·. 3<). Nxporn, nbqujbtd tdrcn é hornotj, defjbhd pjrj três pdr sdlrn nstn dklrdn utoeozjbhd d lrjád cdkd ukj jejvjbcj. Nbqujbtd pnrkjbncn bnstj tïcbocj,vdcç nstjrê ajbfjbhd nbnraoj, rnhuzobhd js tnbsþns cdstjos n juknbtjbhd j





GD\OS KJ\NBAD =<

Cdkd nssj pdsoáãd pdhn prdhuzor jeaukj vnrtoank, nvotn pnrkjbncnr kuotdtnkpd. Nxporn, menxodbjbhd ds lrjáds pjrj rntdrbjr jtï d sded, kãd hornotj sdlrnj nsqunrhj, j tnstj sdlrn js hujs n, mobjeknbtn, js pnrbjs snpjrjk-sn (oeustrj-áãd b·. 31). Mdo ldk, kjs pdhn snr jobhj knefdr. Sn vdcç menxodbdu ds lrjáds,hj próxokj vnz, nsmdrájr-sn-ê kjos n bãd ds menxodbjrê. Sn vdcç mdr prdpnbsd éfopnrdxoanbjáãd, nxncutn nssj pdsoáãd snk jr.

Xdhjs js pdsoáþns hn mrnbtn pjrj d sded sãd rnjeozjhjs cdk ds puekþns cfnods.Jobhj hnotjhd nk hnc÷lotd mrdbtje, gubtn ds pïs, hnpdos nstnbhj d qunoxd pjrj dsded n, mobjeknbtn, js kãds tdkjk pdsoáãd, ubohjs, nkljoxd hds qujhros, cdkjs pjekjs vdetjhjs pjrj d cfãd, ds lrjáds nstnbhohds n ds cdtdvneds hnljoxd hdjlhøknb. Obsporn, nenvjbhd, jd kêxokd, js pnrbjs gubtjs, nstnbhohjs, snk torjrd qunoxd hd sded (oeustrjáãd b·. 36). Knskd nenvjbhd pducd, d qun okpdrtj ïpnrkjbncnr d kêxokd hn tnkpd, nxnrcnbhd ukj jáãd osdkïtrocj sdlrn ds

k÷scueds hjs cdstjs, lrjáds, pnrbjs n ae÷tnds.Nxporn, hnsmjznbhd j pdsoáãd, jpdojbhd ukj hjs mjcns bd cfãd n hnoxjbhd dslrjáds jd ejhd hds qujhros, cdk js pnrbjs jmjstjhjs. J knefdr kjbnorj hnnxncutjr nssj tïcbocj cdstukj snr cdk ds cjecjbfjrns pjrj mdrj. Cdkd bdBdssd Kïtdhd tuhd ï obhovohujeozêvne, lusqun j suj pdsoáãd kjos cdbmdrtêvne.Nssjs pdsoáþns hn mrnbtn pjrj d sded sãd hn mdrájknbtd n obtnrvjed kjodr,kdtovds pneds qujos mdrjk cdedcjhjs bd mok hj sïron.

J pjrtor hnssj ntjpj hj tïcbocj, menxodbn jkljs js pnrbjs n snaurn cdk jsrnspnctovjs kãds bds tdrbdzneds. Obsporn, nstnbhnbhd js pnrbjs pjrj d jetd,

snk sdetjr ds tdrbdzneds n snk menxodbjr ds lrjáds, nenvjbhd, cdk ossd, dpnotd. J cjlnáj tdklj pjrj três n ds pïs sãd nstnbhohds cdk mdráj (oeustrjáãdb·. 3?).

\ntdrbn, nxporjbhd, kãd hornotj sdlrn j nsqunrhj, tnstj sdlrn js hujs npnrbjs snpjrjhjs (oeustrjáãd b·. 31). Hnoxn ds dklrds sdetds jprdxokjrnk-sn hdcfãd. Yrdcurn kjbtnr ukj mosodbdkoj mneoz hurjbtn j prêtocj. Jmobje, nej nstê efnprdpdrcodbjbhd lnk-nstjr. Cdbqujbtd pdssj mdrájr uk pducd, gjkjos envn jd nxtrnkd hn rnsostçbcoj. Jpós j prêtocj, vdcç hnvnrê nstjr snsnbtobhd knefdr, kjos hobìkocd, kjos envn n lnk hospdstd hd qun jbtns hnobocoê-ej.

Jadrj, jpnbjs gubtn ds pïs, pdos j tnstj n js kãds gê nstãd pdsocodbjhjs pjrj jpróxokj tïcbocj. Obsporn, nenvjbhd, jd kêxokd, d pnotd n js pnrbjs gubtjs, nstnbhohjs, mdrkjbhd uk jrcd cdk d cdrpd rëaohd, tdcjbhd d sded sdknb-tn cdk d jlhøknb (oeustrjáãd b·. 89). Ynrkjbnáj bnstj pdsoáãd, tdbomocjbhd jkuscuejturj hjs cdstjs, d qun ï kuotd okpdrtjbtn pjrj j sj÷hn hj suj cdeubj.

Nxporn n hnscdbtrjoj prdmubhj n adstdsjknbtn d cdrpd bd sded, cdk j tnstjsdlrn js kãds n js pnrbjs snpjrjhjs. \npdbfj sujs nbnraojs, rnsporjbhdbjturjeknbtn.

Yjrj nxncutjr j tïcbocj snauobtn, ubj ds pïs0 n, bj pdbtj hnens, cdk dshnhds lnk pjrj hnbtrd, cdedqun js kãds jd ejhd hds dklrds n nenvn dcdrpd bds lrjáds, cdk obsporjáãd nk uk ÷bocd kdvoknbtd (oeustrjáãd b·. 8:).





GD\OS KJ\NBAD =8

hj cjlnáj, du cdk js pdbtjs hds hnhds tdcjbhd sdl j bucj du sdlrn j tnstj,du jobhj cdk js kãds jd ejhd hds gdnefds.

D trdbcd pdhn mdrkjr uk ìbaued rntd cdk js pnrbjs, tdcjr cdk ds pïs bd cfãd

du, kuotd knefdr, nstnbhnr-sn vnrtocjeknbtn. Js pnrbjs pdhnk nstjr snpjrjhjsdu gubtjs, nstnbhohjs du menxodbjhjs. D kjos okpdrtjbtn ï j pnrkjbçbcoj0 n dkjos ÷toe, j vnrtocjeohjhn.

J Bdssj Cueturj nstokuej pjrj qun ds bdssds jeubds cuetovnk js ldjs rnejáþns,mjznbhd uk nsmdrád hoêrod pned ldk rnejcodbjknbtd fukjbd, sngj bd trjljefd,mjkëeoj du jkoads. Yjssjkds ldj pjrtn hj vohj trjljefjbhd, cdbvovnbhd cdk jsknskjs pnssdjs. Ydrtjbtd, ï kjos obtneoanbtn cdbstruor jmobohjhns jkoaêvnos nkutujknbtn arjtomocjbtns. J prêtocj pjrj obocojbtns prdkdvn ukj jtkdsmnrjbnurdeóaocj n psëquocj prdpëcoj jd cuetovd hj ldj cdkubocjáãd nbtrn jspnssdjs.

Yjrj hnsmjznr js obvnrtohjs sdlrn ds dklrds n hnscnr, trjaj js kãds jd sded nljoxn ds qujhros cdbtrdejhjknbtn. ^kj vnz hnotjhd, hnscdbtrjoj tdhd d cdrpdpjrj jssokoejr ds nmnotds hj pdsoáãd.

Nk snauohj, cdkpnbsjrnkds j obvnrtohj sdlrn ds dklrds. Gubtn ds pïs nobsporn, nenvjbhd d pnotd jd kêxokd, snk torjr ds qujhros hd sded, jpdojbhd tdhdd pnsd hd cdrpd sdlrn d jetd hj cjlnáj (oeustrjáãd b·. >9). Zujbhdquosnr hnsmjznr, nxporn n jpdon js cdstjs bd sded.

Cjsd vdcç vnromoqun qujequnr sobje hn hnscdbmdrtd, pjrj neokobê-ed, ljstj jlrjájr

js pnrbjs menxodbjhjs sdlrn d pnotd n pnrkjbncnr jssok pdr lrnvns obstjbtns.J pjrtor hnssn kdknbtd, ds prjtocjbtns hnvnrãd mjznr suj prêtocj eovrn, nk mdrkjhn cdrndarjmoj, crojbhd sujvns pjssjanbs hn ukj pdsoáãd pjrj dutrj, snauobhdukj hjs cjrjctnrëstocjs hj juej rnauejr hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn.

Ds rnsuetjhds hj prêtocj hoêroj ï uk rnmenxd horntd hj obtnbsohjhn qun jpeocjkd-bds hurjbtn j nxncuáãd hn cjhj tïcbocj. Sobjeozjbhd pdtnbcojeohjhns n fjloeo-hjhns, js juejs hd Kïtdhd prdpþnk j nxjcnrljáãd hjs qujeohjhns n j supnrj-áãd hds cdbhocodbjknbtds, cdk hnshdlrjknbtds kjrjvoefdsds, tjos cdkd ukjuknbtd supnrejtovd hj qujeohjhn hn vohj, cdkd tjklïk j jhdáãd hn fêlotds

kjos obtneoanbtns, qun bds prdpdrcodbjk ukj snbsjáãd pnrnbn hn jenaroj hnvovnr, sj÷hn n lnk-nstjr.

8ª. YJ\XN7 XÏCBOCJ HN HNSCDBX\JÁÃD

Cdedqun-sn bj pdsoáãd kjos cdbmdrtêvne qun pdssj nbcdbtrjr, hnotjbhd-sn cdkjs cdstjs bd sded (oeustrjáãd b·. >:). \nejxn prdmubhjknbtn n jljbhdbn-sntdtjeknbtn, cdk d cdrpd okóvne, ds defds mncfjhds n j knbtn snrnbj. Hjquo pdrhojbtn, bãd sn knxj kjos.

Ynrkjbnáj e÷cohd n jcdrhjhd hurjbtn tdhd d nxnrcëcod, duvobhd tuhd d qun nuhossnr, pjrj moetrjr n jssokoejr sdknbtn jquoed qun vdcç quosnr.





GD\OS KJ\NBAD ==

Okjaobn-sn, jadrj, hnotjhd nk ukj prjoj hnsnrtj, cdbmdrtjvneknbtn jcdkdhjhdsdlrn j jrnoj lrjbcj n kdrbj. D cïu ï hn uk jzue snk buvnbs. D sde jknbdjquncn snu cdrpd, n d soeçbcod ï qunlrjhd jpnbjs pned kdvoknbtd sujvn hjsdbhjs, sulobhd n hnscnbhd sdlrn j prjoj. Zujbhd vdcç obsporj, js dbhjssdlnk0 n qujbhd nxporj, js dbhjs hnscnk. Zujbhd obsporj, js dbhjs sdlnk0jd nxporjr, nejs hnscnk...

Nbqujbtd jcdkpjbfj js jarjhêvnos snbsjáþns bnurdeóaocjs hncdrrnbtns hdjprdmubhjknbtd hj hnscdbtrjáãd cdbsconbtn, snus k÷scueds jtobank uk nstjhdhn fopdtdboj obtnbsd, snknefjbtn jd qun sn jecjbáj bds bëvnos hn sdbd kuotdprdmubhds, pnrkotobhd qun snu drajboskd rncupnrn-sn hn qujequnr nsmdrád,jssokoejbhd obtnarjeknbtn ds nmnotds hn tuhd d qun rnjeozjkds bj juej hn fdgn.Hnssj mdrkj, vdcç sn snbtorê cdk kuotj hospdsoáãd pjrj tdhjs js jtovohjhns hdsnu cdtohojbd.

Jeïk hossd, nssj cdbhoáãd hn rnejxjknbtd cdbsconbtn nstokuej snu drajboskd jeolnrjr fdrkøbods, ds qujos jtujk horntjknbtn sdlrn j fdkndstjsn, sdlrn jrnanbnrjáãd cneuejr n sdlrn j edbanvohjhn, crojbhd uk supnrêvot nbnraïtocd hnjáãd prdedbajhj. Hnsmrutn obtnbsjknbtn hnssns kdknbtds jarjhêvnos hnhnscdbtrjáãd. Sobtj mdráj, cdbmojbáj n jkdr nk snu cdrjáãd.

J cjhj juej, tdrbj-sn kjos mêcoe, prdmubhj, cdkpentj n jarjhêvne j nxncuáãdhnssj tïcbocj0 pdos, j cjhj nbcdbtrd, vdcç sn cdbfncn kjos, jtï qun ljstn jdrhnk hn rnejxjknbtd pjrj qun d cdrpd n j cdbscoçbcoj hnscdbtrjojk oknhojtj-knbtn, jecjbájbhd, gê hn obëcod, uk nstjhd kjos prdmubhd hd qun d hn fdgn.

^k ldk pejbngjknbtd hn juejs efn prdpdrcodbjrê uk prdarnssd hoêrod snkprnkjodr, tjbtd bj prêtocj hjs pdsoáþns, cdkd bd rnejxjknbtd, rnsporjtórods n nktdhjs js hnkjos tïcbocjs, lnk cdkd bj sjtosmjáãd qun hossd tuhdrnsuetj. Jd tnrkobjr nssn rnejxjknbtd, vdcç snrê cdbtnkpejhd cdk ukjnxprnssovj snbsjáãd hn pjz, sj÷hn, nbnraoj n envnzj0 snbtorê kuotj hospdsoáãd,nbtusojskd, jenaroj n lnk-nstjr0 hnsnbvdevnrê kuotj kdtovjáãd pjrj vovnr,sdrror, jkjr n trjljefjr.

^kj ldj hnscdbtrjáãd prdpdrcodbj hnshdlrjknbtds qun vãd kuotd jeïk hn ukrnejxjknbtd. Suj prêtocj cdbstjbtn cdbhuz d jeubd é cdbvovçbcoj kjos fjrkd-

bodsj n obtnarjhj cdk tuhd qun d rdhnoj. Ossd ï covoeohjhn.Cdkncn, jadrj, j rntdrbjr enbtjknbtn, trjznbhd j cdbscoçbcoj jtrjvïs hds cobcdsnbtohds, hd kjos sutoe pjrj d kjos hnbsd7 duvobhd knefdr ds sdbs nk tdrbd,nscutjbhd knefdr j kobfj vdz0 obsporjbhd prdmubhjknbtn n snbtobhd d pnrmuknhd jr0 kdvnbhd j eëbauj, prdcurjbhd snbtor adstd0 kdvnbhd ds eêlods0 jlrobhd dsdefds n nbxnrajbhd0 kdvoknbtjbhd d cdrpd tdhd0 snbtobhd d tjtd hn tdhd dcdrpd0 nsprnauoájbhd ljstjbtn, hnvdevnbhd mdráj n votjeohjhn jds k÷scueds0ldcngjbhd, sdrrobhd0 n snbtjbhd-sn pjrj nbcnrrjr j prêtocj.



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS =1

S \ON HJ Y\ XOCJ YJ\J OBOCOJBXNS

b·. : b·. < b·. 3 b·. 8 b·. > b·. =

b·. 1 b·. 6 b·. ? b·. :9 b·. ::

b·. :< b·. :3 b·. :8 b·. :> b·. := b·. :1

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GD\OS KJ\NBAD =6

b·. <6 b·. <? b·. 39 b·. 3: b·. 3<

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b·. 8< b·. 83 b·. 88 b·. 8> b·. 8=

b·. 81 b·. 86 b·. 8? b·. >9 b·. >:



:9 JÊJS

HOMN\NBCOJHJS

BJS NKY\NSJS



Jenrtjkds qun, pjrj j suj snaurjbáj n hjsuj nkprnsj, nstj kdhjeohjhn hn prêtocj só

hnvn snr dronbtjhj pdr Obstrutdrns cnrto-mocjhds pned Kïtdhd Hn\dsn.



^kj hjs kjodrns homocuehjhns bj snhoknbtjáãd hn prdarjkjs cuohjhdscdk d cdrpd bjs nkprnsjs ï j kdbdtdboj hjs juejs.

Hoêroj du snkjbjeknbtn, d Obstrutdr snkprn rnpntn j knskj snquçbcojhn tïcbocjs, d qun jcjlj hnskdtovjbhd ds prjtocjbtns. Yjrj nvotjr nssnprdlenkj, jprnsnbtjkds, j snauor, uk prdarjkj cdk :9 juejs, obtnarjb-hd tïcbocjs snkprn homnrnbtns, hn mdrkj j kjbtnr d prdmossodbjepnrkjbnbtnknbtn curodsd j rnspnotd hnejs.

D tnkpd hn cjhj juejCjhj juej nstê prdgntjhj pjrj :> kobutds hn hurjáãd. Ydrïk, cdkd bdsntdr hn prdhuáãd hjs obh÷strojs, ukj pnssdj prncosj snr sulstotuëhj jtïpjrj or jd ljbfnord, j mok hn bãd pjrjr j jtovohjhn, j juej pdhn snrjgustjhj pjrj jpnbjs > kobutds. Xdhjvoj, d ohnje ï qun j juej tnbfj :>kobutds.

Zujbtjs vnzns jd hoj4

Hujs vnzns. Bd obëcod hj gdrbjhj hn trjljefd, prnpjrjbhd d prdmossodbjepjrj d hoj qun obocoj, mjznbhd uk trjljefd prnvnbtovd0 n bd mobje hj gdrbjhj, nxtrjobhd hd cdrpd, knbtn n cdrjáãd, tdhd d strnss , jbsonhjhn,prnssãd n hnscdbmdrtd, pjrj qun nen pdssj cfnajr j cjsj :99% votjeozj-hd, snk jqunen snbtoknbtd obtdxocjhdr pjrj j cueturj hjs drajbozjáþns7hn qun d trjljefd n j nkprnsj ―torjk d sjbaun hd Yrdmossodbje‛.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD 1<

Js pjrtns hj juej hn :> kobutds hd

Kïtdhd Hn\dsn bjs nkprnsjs

Xïcbocj jpeocjhj Hurjáãd Dlsnrvjáþns

:

\nsporjtórodslodeóaocds

b Xïcbocjs

Kêxokd7> kobutds

Këbokd7< kobutds

Ds rnsporjtórods vorãd nk prokno-rd euajr, pdrqun rnhuznk jprnssãd nkdcodbje, jquontjbhd jknbtn n juknbtjbhd. Hnssjmdrkj, d prjtocjbtn nstjrê rncnp-tovd és tïcbocjs pdstnrodrns.

<

Yrdcnhoknbtds

draìbocdsYrêtocj

nk hupej

Kêxokd7 :9

kobutdsKëbokd7

< kobutds

Js hujs mdrkjs hn jpeocjr js

tïcbocjs koscoanbjk-sn, pdos dtrjljefd nk hupej mdknbtj jobtnarjáãd obtnrpnssdje.

Jpeocjk-sn pducjs tïcbocjs cdkljstjbtn pnrkjbçbcoj n cdrrn-áãd obhovohuje.

3

Xïcbocjs pjrjds defds

Kêxokd73 kobutds

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: kobutd

Jpeocj-sn bd kêxokd hujs kj-bdlrj pdr juej.

8

\nejxjknbtd

Knhotjáãd

Kêxokd73 kobutds

Këbokd7: kobutd

J hnscdbtrjáãd kuscuejr n jknhotjáãd sãd jpeocjhjs jetnrbj-hjknbtn. Nstjs hnvnk snrjpeocjhjs prdarnssovjknbtn ncdk sdlronhjhn, pjrj qun bãdsngjk nrrdbnjknbtn vobcuejhjsj rotujos këstocds du rneoaodsds.

Jenrtjkds qun, pjrj j suj snaurjbáj n hjsuj nkprnsj, nstj kdhjeohjhn hn prêtocj sóhnvn snr dronbtjhj pdr Obstrutdrns cnrto-mocjhds pned Kïtdhd Hn\dsn.



JÊJ :\nsporjtórods lodeóaocds

\nsporjáãd jlhdkobje

Hocjs pjrj Obstrutdrns7 jcdkpjbfn j nxncuáãd hn cjhj jeubd. Nxpedrn j cjpjcohjhn rnsporjtórojhn cjhj uk hnens. Kdtovn-ds j supnrjrnk snus eokotns rnsporjtórods. Fjvnbhd jeubds bdvds,cdedqun ds próxokds nbtrn so pjrj mjcoeotjr j cdrrnáãd hds rnsporjtórods. \nvosn j nxncuáãd hjrnsporjáãd cdkpentj knskd nbtrn ds kjos jbtoads.

Obsporjáãd7 jr pjrj hnbtrd,jlhøknb pjrj mdrj.

Nxporjáãd7 jr pjrj mdrj,jlhøknb pjrj hnbtrd.

\nsporjáãd jlhdkobje du ljoxj ï jqunej qun sn rnjeozj bj pjrtn ljoxj hds puekþns,

hnvohd jd kjodr kdvoknbtd hd hojmrjakj, n pnrkotn j nbtrjhj hn kjodr qujbtohjhn hn jrnk bdssds puekþns. Ï j rnsporjáãd qun ï mnotj cdk pducd nsmdrád mosodeóaocd. Hn mjtd, ï jqun sn mjz snkprn qujbhd sn nstê hnscjbsjbhd prdmubhjknbtn.

Zujequnr kïtdhd qun prnnbcfj cdkpentjknbtn d nspjád puekdbjr snrê hn arjbhn vjedrpjrj d obhovëhud, pdos efn pnrkotorê jlsdrvnr jr nk kjodr qujbtohjhn.

Nxncuáãd

Cdedcjr j kãd sdlrn d jlhøknb jd obsporjr. Hoejtjr, nxceusovjknbtn, d jlhøknb, cdkdsn nbcfnssn uk ljeãd. Jd nxporjr, nkpurrjr, cdk j kãd, d jlhøknb pjrj hnbtrd.Yrdcurjr mjznr nssj tïcbocj, nvotjbhd qujequnr kdvoknbtd tdrêcocd supnrodr. Yjrjhdkobê-ed, obsporjr ejbájbhd j pjrtn jlhdkobje pjrj mdrj n, jd nxporjr, cdbtrjor j pjrtnjlhdkobje pjrj hnbtrd.

D hojmrjakj, k÷scued arjbhn nk mdrkj hn c÷puej, snpjrj d tórjx hd jlhøknb. Zujbhdd k÷scued ï cdbtrjëhd, prnssodbj ds óraãds jlhdkobjos pjrj ljoxd, n nstns, pdr suj vnz,mdrájk d jlhøknb pjrj mdrj.

Cdbcnotds7 nbtrn ds hnshdlrjknbtds cdejtnrjos hj prêtocj rnsporjtóroj, nstê j eokpnzj hds puekþns.Bdssd Kïtdhd nstokuej j foaonbn obtnrbj hd drajboskd n, jeïk hossd, pdr jhdtjrkds fêlotds hncuohjhds pnssdjos, mocj kjos mêcoe cdkprnnbhnr qun, hj knskj mdrkj cdkd cuohjkds hd cdrpd,hnvnkds nstjlnencnr ukj rnejáãd kjos ïtocj n rnspdbsêvne cdk d knod jklonbtn.






Xïcbocjs hn cdbtjtd

Jkjssjknbtd hd pnscdádNstj tïcbocj bãd mjz pjrtn hd jcnrvd hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn.

• Snu jkoad hnvn nstjr snbtjhd, ds lrjádscjëhds, rnejxjhds jd edbad hd cdrpd, n jcjlnáj hnvn nstjr tdkljhj pjrj mrnbtn.

• ^sjr ds hnhds n js pjekjs hjs kãds bukjprnssãd, obocojeknbtn lnk envn n, hnpdos,kjos mdrtn, jkjssjbhd tdhj j nxtnbsãd hjbucj.

• Jpeocjr j kjbdlrj, cdknájbhd bj ldrhj hdcrìbod, hnscnbhd jtï d obëcod hjs vïrtnlrjscnrvocjos0 n hnpdos, sulor, rnpntobhd.

• Kjbtnr-sn hn uk ejhd hd jkoad, jpeocjbhdj kjbdlrj. Hnpdos, pdsocodbjr-sn hd dutrdejhd n rnpntor.

• \npntor j kjbdlrj hn <9 j >9 vnzns.

Hnscdbtrjáãd kuscuejr

Hocjs pjrj obstrutdrns7

• ^toeozn pjrj cjhj pjrtn hj juej ukj kdhuejáãd hn vdz homnrnbtn. Js bujbcns nbtrn d cd- kjbhd hn prdcnhoknbtds draìbocds n tïcbocj hn hnscdbtrjáãd, tdrbjk-sn lnk kjrcjbtns.Bds prdcnhoknbtds draìbocds, d nbsobjknbtd tnk qun snr nstokuejbtn7 nk jeaukjstïcbocjs, cdbvohjtovd0 bdutrds, okpnrjtovd. Bj hnscdbtrjáãd, j okpdstjáãd hnvn snr hdcnn obhutovj. Cuohjhd, pdos ï jë qun d sdtjqun rnaodbje kjos sn jcnbtuj. Yrdcurn jtnbuê-ed.

• D tdk hn vdz pdhn hnscdbtrjor kjos hd qun d cdbtn÷hd hj edcuáãd. Knskd jssok, jtnbtnpjrj bãd nxjanrjr n jcjljr mocjbhd cjrocjtd.

Xnxtd nejldrjhd pned Nhucjhdr Hn\dsn

Nbtrjhj7

Sobtj-sn é vdbtjhn n mneoz. Mjáj ukj rnsporjáãd prdmubhj, n rnejxn jd nxporjr. Orrjhon jhnscdbtrjáãd pjrj j pnen, k÷scueds n bnrvds supnrmocojos, k÷scueds n bnrvds prdmubhds,tnbhþns n dssds jtï j knhuej.

Sdetjbhd, jljbhdbjbhd, hnscjbsjbhd ds pïs, tdrbdzneds, pnrbjs, gdnefds, cdxjs,qujhros. Jadrj, tjklïk ds óraãds hj pïevos, ds óraãds hd jlhøknb, ds óraãds hd tórjx,trjbquoeozjbhd d cdrjáãd n votjeozjbhd ds puekþns, rnejxjbhd js cdstjs, dklrds, lrjáds,jbtnlrjáds, kãds n hnhds.

Jadrj, probcopjeknbtn, d pnscdád, rnejxjbhd cjrótohj n guauejr, ejroban, mjroban n jcjlnáj0 sdetjbhd n hnscdbtrjobhd ds kjxoejrns, mjcns, eêlods, eëbauj, bjrobjs, aedlds nk÷scueds dcuejrns, pêepnlrjs, sdlrjbcnefjs, j tnstj snk ruajs, d cdurd cjlneuhd n js

drnefjs.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD 1=

^toeozjáãd7 hnscdbtrjáãd bj prjoj

Okjaobn-sn hnotjhd nk ukj prjoj hnsnrtj hn jrnojs lrjbcjs n kdrbjs. Jtnbtn jd tjtd hjjrnoj nkljoxd hn vdcç. D sde jknbd jquncn snu cdrpd. ^kj lrosj sujvn jcjrocoj sujpnen, trjznbhd ds jrdkjs hj bjturnzj jtï vdcç7 d cfnord hd kjr, d pnrmukn hjs medrns... Dcïu ï hn uk jzue obmobotd. D soeçbcod ï jpnbjs qunlrjhd pned adrgnod hn ukj ajovdtjhostjbtn n pned sdk hd kdvoknbtd pnrpïtud hjs dbhjs, sulobhd n hnscnbhd pnej jrnoj hjprjoj. Sobcrdbozn d kdvoknbtd hjs dbhjs cdk j suj rnsporjáãd7 qujbhd vdcç obsporj, jsdbhjs sdlnk0 qujbhd vdcç nxporj, js dbhjs hnscnk0 qujbhd vdcç obsporj, js dbhjssdlnk0 qujbhd vdcç nxporj, js dbhjs hnscnk.

Nbqujbtd pnrkjbncn hnscdbtrjobhd, vjedrozn nssns kdknbtds tãd okpdrtjbtns bj sujsnkjbj. Nens mjznk tdhj j homnrnbáj, anrnbcojbhd j suj qujeohjhn hn vohj n efnprdpdrcodbjbhd kjos nbnraoj, hospdsoáãd n jenaroj hn vovnr.

Yejbngn d snu hoj pjrj obceuor snkprn uk tnkpd rnsnrvjhd pjrj j suj prêtocj hd Kïtdhd

Hn\dsn.Yrnpjrjáãd pjrj j sjëhj7

Yrnpjrn-sn pjrj rntdrbjr jtrjvïs hds snbtohds. Hdkjos sutoe pjrj d kjos hnbsd7 juhoáãd, demjtd, austj-áãd, vosãd n tjtd.

Sjëhj7

Nsprnauocn edbajknbtn n sdrroj.

Cdbcnotds7 j Bdssj Cueturj nstokuej pjrj qun ds bdssdsjeubds cuetovnk js ldjs rnejáþns, mjznbhd uk nsmdrád

hoêrod pned ldk rnejcodbjknbtd fukjbd, sngj bd trjljefd,mjkëeoj du jkoads. Yjssjkds ldj pjrtn hj vohj trjljefjbhd,cdbvovnbhd cdk js knskjs pnssdjs. Ydrtjbtd, ï kjosobtneoanbtn cdbstruor rnejáþns jkoaêvnos n kutujknbtnarjtomocjbtns. Xïcbocjs cdkd nssj prdkdvnk ukjjtkdsmnrj bnurdeóaocj n psëquocj prdpëcoj jd cuetovd hj ldjcdkubocjáãd nbtrn js pnssdjs.




JÊJ <\nsporjtórods lodeóaocds

\nsporjáãd jlhdkobje

Hocjs pjrj Obstrutdrns7 jcdkpjbfn j nxncuáãd hn cjhj jeubd. Nxpedrn j cjpjcohjhn rnsporjtórojhn cjhj uk hnens. Kdtovn-ds j supnrjrnk snus eokotns rnsporjtórods. Fjvnbhd jeubds bdvds,cdedqun-ds próxokds nbtrn so pjrj mjcoeotjr j cdrrnáãd hds rnsporjtórods. \nvosn j nxncuáãd hjrnsporjáãd cdkpentj knskd nbtrn ds kjos jbtoads.

Obsporjáãd7 jr pjrj hnbtrd,jlhøknb pjrj mdrj.

Nxporjáãd7 jr pjrj mdrj,jlhøknb pjrj hnbtrd.

NxncuáãdCdedcjr j kãd sdlrn d jlhøknb jd obsporjr. Hoejtjr, nxceusovjknbtn, d jlhøknb, cdkdsn nbcfnssn uk ljeãd. Jd nxporjr, nkpurrjr, cdk j kãd, d jlhøknb pjrj hnbtrd.Yrdcurjr mjznr nssj tïcbocj, nvotjbhd qujequnr kdvoknbtd tdrêcocd supnrodr. Yjrjhdkobê-ed, obsporjr, ejbájbhd j pjrtn jlhdkobje pjrj mdrj n, jd nxporjr, cdbtrjor j pjrtnjlhdkobje pjrj hnbtrd.

\nsporjáãd kïhojDlgntovds hds rnsporjtórods lodeóaocds7 rnnhucjr j rnspo-rjáãd, qun cdbsostn nk utoeozjr j tdtjeohjhn hds puekþns, n

juknbtjr j cjpjcohjhn rnsporjtóroj, qun cdbsostn nk jejrajrj qujbtohjhn hn jr corcuejbtn bds puekþns.

\nsporjáãd kïhoj du tdrêcocj ï j qun utoeozj prnhdkobjbtn-knbtn j rnaoãd kïhoj hds puekþns pjrj j nbtrjhj hd jr.

Nxncuáãd

Cdedcjr js kãds jd ejhd hjs cdstnejs, cdk ds hnhdsvdetjhds pjrj mrnbtn, hn mdrkj qun, qujbhd ds puekþnsnstovnrnk vjzods, ds hnhds kïhods hj kãd sn tdqunk n,qujbhd cfnods, jmjstnk-sn.

Cdbcnotds7 rnnhucjr j rnsporjáãd ï nssnbcojeknbtn rnkdhnejr ukj jtovohjhn obvdeubtêrojtdrbjbhd-j vdeubtêroj. Cdkd hnshdlrjknbtd cdejtnrje, prdpdrcodbj uk hdkëbod kjodr sdlrn bdssjsnkdáþns n ukj rnhuáãd hj jbsonhjhn cjrjctnrëstocj hj sdconhjhn nk qun vovnkds, bds tdrbjkdskjos jtnbtds jd kubhd qun bds rdhnoj, jprokdrjbhd bdssj enoturj hd jklonbtn.





KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS 1?

Cdbcnotds7 obceuobhd jprokdrjknbtd cdbtëbud n obtnarje, du sngj, cdrpd, cdrjáãd n knbtn, d KïtdhdHn\dsn dmnrncn, pdr nxnkped, tïcbocjs qun rnnstruturjk n jprokdrjk j rnsporjáãd, pdsturj, sdbd,cdbcnbtrjáãd, fêlotds jeoknbtjrns, cueturj, juknbtjk j prdhutovohjhn bds nstuhds n trjljefd,

nbsobjbhd cdkd bds cdkpdrtjkds bjs rnejáþns prdmossodbjos n pnssdjos, nk uk prdcnssdcdbstjbtn hn jutdjprokdrjknbtd, jtrjvïs hn ukj obtnrcdbnxãd hn cdbcnotds n tïcbocjs, droubhjs hntrjhoáþns cueturjos kuotd jbtoajs.


Jkjssjknbtd hds dklrds

• Cdedcjr-sn jtrês hd snu jkoad. Dlsnrvn ds pïs eoano-

rjknbtn jmjstjhds.• Snu jkoad hnvn nstjr snbtjhd, ds lrjáds cjëhds,rnejxjhds jd edbad hd cdrpd, n j cjlnáj hnvn nstjrtdkljhj pjrj mrnbtn.

• Jpeocjr j kjbdlrj cdknájbhd bj nxtrnkohjhn hdsdklrds n sulor jtï jtobaor d pnscdád. Nbtãd, hnscnrpneds dklrds jtï suj nxtrnkohjhn, sulobhd n hnscnbhdpdr tdhj j nxtnbsãd hnens, vêrojs vnzns.

• Xrjljefjr cdk d pdenajr pdr três hds dklrds, jspjekjs hjs kãds pdr cokj n ds dutrds hnhds pnej mrnbtn.

• ^sjr ds hnhds n js pjekjs hjs kãds, bukj prnssãd,obocojeknbtn lnk envn n, hnpdos, kjos mdrtn.

• \npntor j kjbdlrj hn <9 j >9 vnzns bds hdos dklrds,sokuetjbnjknbtn.

Nssj tïcbocj bãd mjz pjrtn hd jcnrvd hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn.

Knhotjáãd :. Nstjloeohjhn cdrpdrje

Snbtn-sn cdbmdrtjvneknbtn, snbtobhd tdhj j nxtnbsãd hj cdeubj nk cdbtjtd cdk dnspjehjr hj cjhnorj. Ds defds nstãd mncfjhds, j cdeubj nrntj, j cjlnáj jeobfjhj és vïr-



GD\OS KJ\NBAD 69

tnlrjs, js pjekjs hjs kãds jpdojhjs sdlrn js cdxjs du gdnefds, js pejbtjs hds pïs bdsded n, bds eêlods, uk sdrrosd qujsn okpnrcnptëvne.

Mjáj ukj rnsporjáãd prdmubhj n jquontn j suj knbtn.

<. Cdbcnbtrjáãd hj euj cfnojBnstj cdbhoáãd hn cdbmdrtêvne nstjloeohjhn cdrpdrje, vdetn tdhj jsuj jtnbáãd pjrj d nspjád nbtrn js sdlrjbcnefjs. Dlsnrvn uksutoe juknbtd hn tnkpnrjturj bnstj rnaoãd. Jssok mdcjhd, okjaobn-sn snbtjhd sdlrn uk arjkjhd vnrhngjbtn. Ï bdotn. Sujs pnrbjspnrcnlnk d tjtd kjcod hj arjkj nkljoxd hn vdcç. J tnkpnrjturjï jarjhêvne, n d soeçbcod ï qunlrjhd jpnbjs pned cjbtd hds aroeds.Jcokj, jlrn-sn uk cïu nstrnejhd n lroefj, sdlnrjbj, ukj euj cfnojlneëssokj, qun hnrrjkj euz prjtnjhj sdlrn snu cdrpd n sdlrn jbjturnzj jd snu rnhdr. Snu defjr pdusj, mjscobjhd, bj mdrkj

corcuejr pnrmnotj hj euj.J euz eubjr pnbntrj bjs rntobjs. Jcdkpjbfn j trjgntóroj hds mnoxnseukobdsds obvjhobhd d aedld dcuejr, n hjeo sn hnsedcjbhd jarjhj-vneknbtn pjrj j cjoxj crjbojbj n cdbcnbtrjbhd-sn bj rnaoãd hjtnstj. Ds moentns prjtnjhds rncdbstrdnk j mdrkj hj euj lroefjbtn bd obtnrcëeod.J eukobdsohjhn anrj uk sujvn mdrkoajknbtd n prjznrdsd cjedr bd edcje. Ï kuotd, kuotdjprjzëvne, j snbsjáãd mësocj hd tjtd hd cdrpd cnenstn nk suj knbtn. Nstj ï cdkpentjknb-tn jlsdrvohj pnej okjank hj euj lrjbcj lroefjbtn, pdusjhj nbtrn js sdlrjbcnefjs n jeo snnstjloeozj.

Moxn ds pnbsjknbtds bnssj rnprnsnbtjáãd jtï pjrjr js dbhjs knbtjos. Cdbcnbtrn-sn.

..............................................Ptnkpd pjrj knhotjáãd[. .............................................3. \ntdrbd é rnjeohjhn dlgntovj

Mjáj ukj rnsporjáãd prdmubhj, jlrj ds defds n sdrroj.

Cdbcnotds7 jtrjvïs hj knhotjáãd, mjznkds j cdbscoçbcoj corcuejr nk uk pjtjkjr kjos nenvjhd hnnbtnbhoknbtd hj rnjeohjhn. Hnssj kjbnorj, d Sostnkj Hn\dsn prdpþn qun jhdtnkds ukj vosãd hnkubhd qun bds kdtovn j luscjr d crnscoknbtd n d jprokdrjknbtd cdbtëbud, cdbquostjbhd jnxcneçbcoj pned cuetovd hjs ohnojs n hd jutdcdbfncoknbtd.



JÊJ 3

\nsporjtórods lodeóaocds

\nsporjáãd cdkpentj

Hocjs pjrj Obstrutdrns7 dlsnrvn, hurjbtn d trnobjknbtd rnsporjtórod, sn snus jeubds rntrjnk dsdklrds du ds k÷scueds mjcojos. Xjklïk jtnbtn pjrj qun j rnsporjáãd sngj jlsdeutjknbtnsoenbcodsj. Sn bdtjr qun jeauk pjrtocopjbtn tnk homocuehjhn nk nxpedrjr d snu tdtje jevndejr, cdrrogj-d.

Obsporjáãd Nxporjáãd

Obsporjáãd7 obsporn nxceusovjknbtn pnejs bjrobjs, hoejtjbhd d jlhøknb n nbcfnbhd jrnaoãd obmnrodr hds puekþns. Cdbtobun objejbhd n prdgntjbhd js cdstnejs pjrj d ejhd, prn-nbcfnbhd j rnaoãd obtnrcdstje hds puekþns n, mobjeknbtn, dcupn j êrnj jetj hds puekþnscdk jr jd ejbájr d pnotd pjrj mrnbtn n pjrj cokj.

Nxporjáãd7 sdetn d jr, snkprn pnejs bjrobjs, cdkprokobhd d pnotd0 hnpdos, rntrjobhd jscdstnejs0 n, pdr ÷etokd, nbcdefnbhd d jlhøknb.

Cdbcnotds7 js okpeocjáþns mosodeóaocjs, bnurdeóaocjs n cdkpdrtjknbtjos hds rnsporjtórods, tïcbocjsdraìbocjs, hnscdbtrjáãd, knhotjáãd ntc., sãd nxtrjdrhobêrojs. Ydr ossd, bd pjssjhd, mdrjkcfjkjhjs hn tïcbocjs psocdmësocjs. Kjs tuhd ossd hn bjhj jhojbtjroj sn d Kïtdhd bãd dmnrncnssnuk jklonbtn prdpëcod é kntjldeozjáãd hjs prdmubhjs trjbsmdrkjáþns droubhjs hj prêtocj. Jhnbdkobjáãd hnssj jtkdsmnrj mjvdrêvne ï Cueturj Hn\dsn.

Xïcbocjs draìbocjs

Hocj pjrj obstrutdrns7 jpeoqun js rnarjs hn pnrkjbçbcoj, rnsporjáãd, rnpntoáãd, jtotuhn obtnrodr,ìbaued hohêtocd, cdkpnbsjáãd n snaurjbáj prncdbozjhjs pned Kïtdhd. Nxncutn d tdqun cdrrntovdbds snus jeubds. Zujbhd d arupd hn prjtocjbtns ï arjbhn, mocj okpdssëvne jpeocjr j cdrrnáãd têtoe nktdhds ds prnsnbtns j cjhj tïcbocj. Nbtãd, utoeozn j cdrrnáãd vnrlje, qun cdbsostn knbcodbjr d bdknhd jeubd n jenrtê-ed sdlrn j mdrkj cdrrntj hj nxncuáãd hj tïcbocj.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD 6<

Ynrkjbçbcoj këbokj7 39 snaubhds / \npntoáãd7 jpnbjs ukj ÷bocj vnz / \nsporjáãd7 kdvoknbtds pjrj cokjcdk jr n pjrj ljoxd snk jr / Cdkpnbsjáãd7 qujbhd jbtnmenxodbjr d trdbcd, rntrdmenxodbn hnpdos0 menxodbjbhd pjrjj hornotj, cdkpnbsn pjrj j nsqunrhj n vocn-vnrsj0 ohnk pjrj js tdráþns.

Cdbcnotds7 cohjhjboj ï pnrcnlnr qun pdhnkds n hnvnkds kuhjr d kubhd jtrjvïs hjs bdssjs

jáþns n hd bdssd nxnkped. Xdhjs js tïcbocjs dmnrncohjs pned Kïtdhd Hn\dsn, pdr suj jáãdobtnarjhj (cdrpd, knbtn n nkdáþns), jkpeojk, bd prjtocjbtn, j pnrcnpáãd hj okpdrtìbcoj hnnstjrkds nbajgjhds bj knefdroj hj sdconhjhn, pjrtocopjbhd, pdr nxnkped, hn dlrjs sdcojos.




Xïcbocjs hn Cdbtjtd

Jkjssjknbtd hd lrjád

Nstj tïcbocj bãd mjz pjrtn hd jcnrvd hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn.

• Obocojr snkprn hds dklrds, hnscnbhdpdr sujs jrtocuejáþns7 cdtdvneds, jbtn-lrjáds n puesds, pjekjs n hnhds hjskãds. Bubcj jd cdbtrêrod.

• Jlror n jpnrtjr tdhj j nxtnbsãd hjskãds sdlrn ds dklrds n lrjáds.

• Bãd usjr jpnbjs ds hnhds, kjs tdhj jnxtnbsãd hjs pjekjs hjs kãds.

• ^sjr prnssãd mdrtn n cdbtëbuj.

• Jpeocjr sdlrn ds hdos lrjáds, sokuetj-bnjknbtn. Jeïk hn jpnrtjr n sdetjr js kãds, kdvoknbtjr ds hnhds hn kjbnorjcorcuejr.

• Hnsedcjr js kãds jeaubs cnbtëkntrds pjrj ljoxd, jpós cjhj jkjssjknbtd.

• \npntor j kjbdlrj hn <9 j >9 vnzns bds hdos lrjáds. Cdbcnotds7 j covoeohjhn ï mdrtnknbtn obcnbtovjhj nbtrn ds bdssds jeubds jtrjvïs hd jprokdrjknbtdhjs ldjs kjbnorjs, nstëkued é enoturj, vojanbs n pjrtocopjáãd nk cursds.


Hocj pjrj obstrutdrns7

• Js edcuáþns jmorkjtovjs sãd kjos jssokoeêvnos qun js bnajtovjs7 ―sngj mneoz‛ prdhuz knefdrnsrnsuetjhds qun ―bãd sngj obmneoz‛. D snr fukjbd, bd jtuje nstêaod hn nvdeuáãd, ï, pdr so só,kuotd kjos vuebnrêvne és ohnojs hnstrutovjs. Sn vdcç js nstokuejr pdr okpnrëcoj bd kjbusnodhjs pjejvrjs, pdhnrê cjusjr ukj trjaïhoj, kobjbhd, snk qunrnr, j sj÷hn mësocj n knbtjehjqunen qun hnpdsotdu nk sujs kãds uk vdtd hn cdbmojbáj. Ydr ossd, obsostokds tjbtd pjrj

qun d Obstrutdr hd Kïtdhd tnbfj qun snr mdrkjhd, rnvjeohjhd tdhds ds jbds n qun tnbfj ukSupnrvosdr hn arju kjos jvjbájhd. Nssj ï ukj nxdrtjáãd é fdbnstohjhn!


Nbtrjhj7





GD\OS KJ\NBAD 68

Jadrj, probcopjeknbtn, d pnscdád, rnejxjbhd cjrótohj n guauejr, ejroban, mjroban n j cjln-áj0 sdetjbhd n hnscdbtrjobhd ds kjxoejrns, mjcns, eêlods, eëbauj, bjrobjs, aedlds n k÷scu-eds dcuejrns, pêepnlrjs, sdlrjbcnefjs, j tnstj snk ruajs, d cdurd cjlneuhd n js drnefjs.

^toeozjáãd7 cdbtjtd cdk j bjturnzj

Okjaobn-sn hnotjhd gubtd j ukj pjosjank cjkpnstrn. Jtnbtn j tnxturj kjcoj hj arjkjvnrhn nkljoxd hn vdcç. D cïu ï hn uk jzue snk buvnbs. ^kj lrosj sujvn jcjrocoj sujpnen, nbvdevnbhd-d cdk d pnrmukn hjs medrns soevnstrns. D sde jknbd jquncn snu cdrpd.D soeçbcod ï jpnbjs qunlrjhd pned kdvoknbtd hjs mdefjs hjs êrvdrns próxokjs n d cjbtdhn uk pêssjrd hostjbtn. Duáj, tjklïk, d hdcn sdk hjs êaujs hn uk rojcfd próxokd,lrobcjbhd nbtrn js pnhrjs. Okjaobn qun snu cdrpd vjo hossdevnbhd-sn nbtrn js êrvdrns, jsmedrns, ds jrlustds, js êaujs hd rojcfd, dsde n d cïu. Hossdevj-sn....

Nbqujbtd pnrkjbncn hnscdbtrjobhd,

vjedrozn nssns kdknbtds tãd okpdrtjbtnsbj suj snkjbj. Nens mjznk tdhj jhomnrnbáj, anrnbcojbhd j suj qujeohjhnhn vohj n efn prdpdrcodbjbhd kjosnbnraoj, hospdsoáãd n jenaroj hn vovnr.

Yejbngn d snu hoj pjrj obceuor snkprn uktnkpd rnsnrvjhd pjrj j suj prêtocj hdKïtdhd Hn\dsn.

Yrnpjrjáãd pjrj j sjëhj7

Yrnpjrn-sn pjrj rntdrbjr jtrjvïs hds

snbtohds. Hd kjos sutoe pjrj d kjos hnbsd7juhoáãd, demjtd, austjáãd, vosãd n tjtd.

Sjëhj7


Cdbcnotds7 ukj ldj hnscdbtrjáãd prdpdrcodbj hnshdlrjknbtds qun vãd kuotd jeïk hn ukrnejxjknbtd. Suj prêtocj cdbstjbtn cdbhuz d jeubd é cdbvovçbcoj kjos fjrkdbodsj n obtnarjhj cdktuhd qun d rdhnoj. Ossd ï covoeohjhn.


.



JÊJ 8\nsporjtórods lodeóaocds

Fopnrvnbtoejáãd

Hocjs pjrj Obstrutdrns7

Cuohjhds bj fopnrvnbtoejáãd

• D jeubd obocojbtn cdbmubhn j rnsporjáãd jlhdkobje cdk j tdrêcocj. Ydrtjbtd, d obstrutdrhnvn envjr j kãd hd jeubd jd próprod jlhøknb n nxnrcotjr cdk nen d kdvoknbtd hjfopnrvnbtoejáãd.

• Cdrrogj, tjklïk, d kdvoknbtd jlhdkobje. Jajcfjhd jd ejhd hd jeubd, dronbtn7 bjobsporjáãd, nen hoejtj d snu jlhøknb0 bj nxporjáãd, d cdbtrêrod.

Obsporjáãd Nxporjáãd

Nxncuáãd7

:. snbtjr0

<. cdedcjr ukj hjs kãds bd jlhøknb0

3. obsporjr nxceusovjknbtn pnejs bjrobjs, hoejtjbhd d jlhøknb0

8. nxporjr nxceusovjknbtn pnejs bjrobjs, cdbtrjobhd d jlhøknb0

>. cdbtobujr obsporjbhd n nxporjbhd, rêpohj n ruohdsjknbtn0

=. rnjeozjr :99 rnsporjáþns nxceusovjknbtn jlhdkobjos, rêpohjs n ruohdsjs0

1. tnrkobjbhd j cdbtjank, obsporjr enbtjknbtn, rnjeozjbhd ukj obsporjáãd cdkpentj0

6. rntnr d jr bds puekþns hurjbtn =9 snaubhds, n tnrkobjr nxporjbhd enbtjknbtn.

Cdbcnotds7 nbtrn js cdbsnquçbcojs hj prêtocj rnsporjtóroj, nstê j eokpnzj hds puekþns. BdssdKïtdhd nstokuej j foaonbn obtnrbj hd drajboskd n, jeïk hossd, pdr jhdtjrkds fêlotds hn cuohjhds

pnssdjos, mocj kjos mêcoe cdkprnnbhnr qun, hj knskj mdrkj cdkd cuohjkds hd cdrpd, hnvnkdsnstjlnencnr ukj rnejáãd kjos ïtocj n rnspdbsêvne cdk d knod jklonbtn.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD 6=


Hocj pjrj obstrutdrns7 jpeoqun js rnarjs hn pnrkjbçbcoj, rnsporjáãd, rnpntoáãd, jtotuhn obtnrodr,

ìbaued hohêtocd, cdkpnbsjáãd n snaurjbáj prncdbozjhjs pned Kïtdhd. Snkprn cuohn, jd rnjeozjr jcdrrnáãd têtoe, hn nvotjr êrnjs qun pdssjk anrjr cdbstrjbaoknbtd du hnscdbmdrtd.

Yejbngn j cdrrnáãd têtoe nk sujs juejs pjrj qun pned knbds cjhj uk hds prjtocjbtns rncnljjeaukj nk cjhj prêtocj. D tdqun, qujbhd nxncutjhd hn mdrkj cdrrntj n cuohjhdsj, prdkdvn ukvëbcued kuotd pdsotovd nbtrn d Obstrutdr n d jcóeotd, nstokuejbhd j jutdssupnrjáãd n nvdeuáãd bdsnaubhd.





Cdbcnotds7 ―Kuhn d kubhd. Cdkncn pdr vdcç ‛ ï ukj mrjsn cubfjhj pned sostnkjtozjhdr hdkïtdhd, d Nhucjhdr Hn\dsn, jenrtjbhd-bds hj okpdrtìbcoj hn rnjeozjrkds js kuhjbájs cdkpdrtj-knbtjos bncnssêrojs pjrj qun bds tdrbnkds nxnkped hn tuhd qun sngj ldk n pdsotovd. Hnssjkjbnorj, obsporjrnkds js pnssdjs cdk qunk vovnkds é knefdroj cdbtëbuj.

Xïcbocjs hn Cdbtjtd

Jkjssjknbtd hj kãdNstj tïcbocj bãd mjz pjrtn hd jcnrvd hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn.

• Snaurjr cdk js hujs kãds ukj hjs kãds hd pjrcnord.

• ^kj vnz qun j kãd hd snu jkoad nstovnr prnsj nbtrn js sujs, mjznr kdvoknbtdsmdrtns hn jkjssjknbtd.

• Jkjssjr d hdrsd, j pjekj n ds hnhds hj kãd hd cdkpjbfnord.

• Jetnrbjr d kdvoknbtd hjs kãds. Bãd jpnrtjr j kãd hd jkoad cdk js hujskãds sokuetjbnjknbtn.

• Kjbtnr d hdrsd hj kãd hd pjrcnord vdetjhj pjrj cokj.

• \npntor j kjbdlrj hn <9 j >9 vnzns nk cjhj kãd.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD 66

Knhotjáãd

:. Nstjloeohjhn cdrpdrje

Snbtn-sn cdbmdrtjvneknbtn, snbtobhd tdhj j nxtnbsãd hj cdeubj nkcdbtjtd cdk d nspjehjr hj cjhnorj. Ds defds nstãd mncfjhds, jcdeubj nrntj, j cjlnáj jeobfjhj és vïrtnlrjs, js pjekjs hjs kãdsjpdojhjs sdlrn js cdxjs du gdnefds, js pejbtjs hds pïs bd sded n,bds eêlods, uk sdrrosd qujsn okpnrcnptëvne.


<. Cdbcnbtrjáãd bj pnhrj bd ejad

Bnssj cdbhoáãd hn cdbmdrtêvne nstjloeohjhn cdrpdrje, vdetn tdhj jsuj jtnbáãd pjrj d nspjád nbtrn js sdlrjbcnefjs. Dlsnrvn uk

sutoe juknbtd hn tnkpnrjturj bnssj rnaoãd. Jssok mdcjhd,vosujeozn-sn snbtjhd é kjrank hn uk ejad hn êaujs prdmubhjs ncrostjeobjs. D soeçbcod ï cdkpentd. ^k sde dutdbje oeukobj sujvnknbtn j pjosjank jd snurnhdr. Okjaobn qun hj kjrank hd ejad ï jrrnknssjhj ukj pnhrj nk hornáãd jd cnbtrd.N nej sdln, sdln, jtï jtobaor d pdbtd kjos jetd hj suj trjgntóroj. Nbtãd, cdknáj j cjorvnrtoaobdsjknbtn bj hornáãd hj supnrmëcon hd ejad. Jcdkpjbfn j trjgntóroj hnscnbhnbtn.J pnhrj cjo. Hnsedcj-sn kjos n jtrjvnssj js êaujs crostjeobjs hd ejad. D nspnefd h‟êaujnstrnkncn, anrjbhd dbhjs cnbtrëmuajs. Soaj cdk j cdbscoçbcoj d hnsedcjknbtd sucnsso-vd hjs dbhuejáþns bj supnrmëcon hd ejad. Nbqujbtd ossd, j pnqunbj pnhrj cdbtobujhnscnbhd, pnbntrjbhd cjhj vnz kjos mubhd js êaujs hd ejad, jtï jecjbájr d mubhd.

Ydusn snu mdcd bj okjank hj pnqunbobj pnhrj, bd mubhd hd ejad. Nej sn jcdkdhj. Snuobtnrnssn ï jtrjëhd pjrj j moaurj hd hokobutd pnhrnauefd. Jd rnhdr hnen, tuhd nstê nksoeçbcod. Sdeohomoqun j cdbscoçbcoj bnssj rnprnsnbtjáãd, jtï pjrjr js dbhjs knbtjos.Cdbcnbtrn-sn.

..............................................Ptnkpd pjrj knhotjáãd[. .............................................

3. \ntdrbd é rnjeohjhn dlgntovj


Cdbcnotds7 obcnbtovjkds vnnknbtnknbtn qun bdssds prjtocjbtns snkprn tdknk j obocojtovj hjcdbcoeojáãd, cuetovjbhd snkprn anbnrdsohjhn, nenaìbcoj, rnspnotd n cjrobfd és rnejáþns fukjbjs(sdcojos, prdmossodbjos, mjkoeojrns, jmntovjs n dutrjs). J prêtocj cdbtobujhj hj knhotjáãd cdbhuz dprjtocjbtn hd Kïtdhd j uk nenvjhd pjtjkjr hn eucohnz, mjcoeotjbhd d nbtnbhoknbtd kjos prdmubhdhjs okpeocjáþns hjs bdssjs jáþns. Cdkd cdbsnquçbcoj hnssn juknbtd hn cdbscoçbcoj, jhvïk ukkjodr cdkprdkntoknbtd jklonbtje n sdcoje, rnjeozjhd hn mdrkj hnscdkpeocjhj n cdk jenaroj.



JÊJ >\nsporjtórods lodeóaocds

\nsporjáãd rotkjhj


Yjrj mjznr j cdbtjank cdk d kntrøbdkd7

:. D kntrøbdkd hnvn nstjr prdarjkjhd pjrj sn kdvnr bd rotkd hd snaubhd.

<. Ydsocodbn-d nk euajr juhëvne pjrj tdhds qun nstãd prjtocjbhd.

3. Ydrtjbtd, sn vdcç usjr k÷socj, nej hnvn nstjr cdk d vdeukn lnk jljoxd hd sdk hdkntrøbdkd.

8. Zujbhd jeubds bdvds nstovnrnk prnsnbtns, hnscrnvj js tïcbocjs n cdbtn nk vdz jetj

pjrj juxoeojr j cdkprnnbsãd.>. \nvosn j nxncuáãd hj rnsporjáãd cdkpentj knskd nbtrn ds kjos jbtoads.

Jtrjvïs hnssj tïcbocj, bdssj rnsporjáãd tdrbj-sn, mdrádsjknbtn, kjos enbtj n prdmubhj.Bd bëvne supnrjvjbájhd, envj-sn kjos hn < kobutds pjrj mjznr ukj ÷bocj rnsporjáãd

Bëvne lêsocd \otkd :-<-:

Xnkpds rnsporjtórods Snaubhds/ tnkpd rnsporjtórod

Obsporjáãd > snaubhds 6 snaubhds :9 snaubhds :< snaubhds

\ntnbáãd cdk jr :9 snaubhds := snaubhds <9 snaubhds <8 snaubhdsNxporjáãd > snaubhds 6 snaubhds :9 snaubhds :< snaubhds

Bnssn bëvne, tdhds ds tnkpds rnsporjtórods sãd oaujos, knbds d hj rntnbáãd cdk jr, qunhupeocj.

Cdbcnotds7 \nnhucjr j rnsporjáãd ï nssnbcojeknbtn rnkdhnejr ukj jtovohjhn obvdeubtêroj tdrbjbhd-j vdeubtêroj. Cdkd hnshdlrjknbtd cdejtnrje, prdpdrcodbj uk hdkëbod kjodr sdlrn bdssjs nkdáþns nukj rnhuáãd hj jbsonhjhn cjrjctnrëstocj hj sdconhjhn nk qun vovnkds, bds tdrbjkds kjosjtnbtds jd kubhd qun bds rdhnoj, jprokdrjbhd bdssj enoturj hd jklonbtn.

Xïcbocjs draìbocjsHocj pjrj obstrutdrns7 jpeoqun js rnarjs hn pnrkjbçbcoj, rnsporjáãd, rnpntoáãd, jtotuhn obtnrodr,ìbaued hohêtocd, cdkpnbsjáãd n snaurjbáj prncdbozjhjs pned Kïtdhd. Nxncutn d tdqun cdrrntovdbds snus jeubds. Mjáj, tjklïk, cdrrnáãd vnrlje. Jcdkpjbfn j nxncuáãd hn cjhj jeubd. Cdrrogj.Kdtovn-ds j supnrjrnk snus eokotns cdrpdrjos.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD ?9


Cdbcnotds7 suanrokds qun js nkprnsjs dmnrnájk jds snus nxncutovds n cdejldrjhdrns, uk këbokd

hn hujs juejs snkjbjos hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn. Js tïcbocjs hn rnnhucjáãd pdsturje sãd ukj mnrrjknb-tj kuotd ÷toe pjrj qun sn pdssj prdhuzor kjos cdk knbds cjbsjád. Bdssj Yrdpdstj obstoaj dsprjtocjbtns pjrj qun hnsnbvdevjk ukj vosãd pdsotovj hd trjljefd, luscjbhd juknbtjr j cjpjcohjhnjhjptjtovj és obnvotêvnos kuhjbájs bd kubhd.



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS ?:

Xïcbocjs pjrj ds defds

Kdvoknbtds corcuejrns

• Nvotjr poscjr ds defds du kdvnr j cjlnájhurjbtn j prêtocj.

• \njeozjr kdvoknbtds corcuejrns cdk dsdefds, enbtjknbtn, tnbtjbhd jkpeojr dseokotns hd cjkpd vosuje, kjbtnbhd dsk÷scueds dcuejrns nstnbhohds bd eokotnhj nejstocohjhn.

• Mjznr :9 cërcueds cdkpentds pjrj uk

ejhd n pjrj d dutrd.• Nk bnbfuk kdknbtd, kdvnr j cjlnáj.

Bãd hnoxê-ej hnsedcjr-sn pjrj cokj, pjrjljoxd du pjrj ds ejhds.

• Hnpdos hn tnrkobjr j tïcbocj, poscjrêrojs vnzns, pjrj eulromocjr ds defds.

• J tïcbocj prdpdrcodbj nejstocohjhn jds k÷scueds dcuejrns n knefdr vosãd pnromïrocj.


Hocj pjrj obstrutdrns7

• Dlsnrvn sn ds eêlods hds jeubds nstãd bjturjeknbtn nbtrnjlnrtds hurjbtn j prêtocj hjhnscdbtrjáãd.

• Jtnbtn pjrj qun nens kjbtnbfjk ukj ldj hostìbcoj nbtrn ds pïs n hjs kãds nk rnejáãd jdsqujhros. Sn bncnssotjr cdrroaor, hnsedqun-sn jtï d jeubd n mjáj cdrrnáãd têtoe.

• Knbcodbn j mrjsn hn snaurjbáj n j sdeocotjáãd hn, pned knbds, 3 rnsporjáþns prdmubhjshurjbtn j cdbhuáãd hj hnscdbtrjáãd.

• Sn nstovnr usjbhd k÷socj, enklrn-sn hn cfncjr sn d vdeukn bãd sngj kjos jetd qun d hj

suj vdz. Nbtrjhj7



Jadrj, probcopjeknbtn, d pnscdád, rnejxjbhd cjrótohj n guauejr, ejroban, mjroban n j cjlnáj0sdetjbhd n hnscdbtrjobhd ds kjxoejrns, mjcns, eêlods, eëbauj, bjrobjs, aedlds n k÷scuedsdcuejrns, pêepnlrjs, sdlrjbcnefjs, j tnstj snk ruajs, d cdurd cjlneuhd n js drnefjs.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD ?<

^toeozjáãd7 js buvnbs lrjbcjs

Nbqujbtd hnscjbsj, okjaobn-sn meutujbhd sdlrn buvnbs lrjbcjs, kuotd jcokj hd cfãd.^kj lrosj sujvn cdbhuz enbtjknbtn js buvnbs, n d snu cdrpd ï envjhd gubtd cdk nejs.Hnoxn-sn meutujr, snk rnsostçbcoj. ^k sde jknbd jquncn snu cdrpd. D tjtd hjs buvnbs ïqujsn okpnrcnptëvne. Jcdkpjbfn, e÷cohd, j snbsjáãd hn nbtrnajr-sn tdtjeknbtn jdhneocjhd kdvoknbtd hjs jevjs buvnbs. Zujbtd kjodr j suj cjpjcohjhn hn hnsmrutjrhnssj okjank, kjos prdmubhj snrê j hnscdbtrjáãd bnurdkuscuejr, envjbhd snu cdrpd,cdrjáãd n knbtn j uk pjtjkjr obhnscrotëvne hn qujeohjhn hn vohj.

Nbqujbtd pnrkjbncn hnscdbtrjobhd, vjedrozn nssnskdknbtds tãd okpdrtjbtns bj suj snkjbj. Nens mjznktdhj j homnrnbáj, anrnbcojbhd j suj qujeohjhn hn vohj nefn prdpdrcodbjbhd kjos nbnraoj, hospdsoáãd n jenaroj hnvovnr.

Yejbngn d snu hoj pjrj obceuor snkprn uk tnkpd rnsnrvjhdpjrj j suj prêtocj hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn.


Yrnpjrn-sn pjrj rntdrbjr jtrjvïs hds snbtohds. Hd kjossutoe pjrj d kjos hnbsd7 juhoáãd, demjtd, austjáãd, vosãd ntjtd.

Sjëhj7


Cdbcnotds7 j Bdssj Cueturj nstokuej pjrj qun ds bdssds jeubds cuetovnk js ldjs rnejáþns, mjznbhduk nsmdrád hoêrod pned ldk rnejcodbjknbtd fukjbd, sngj bd trjljefd, mjkëeoj du jkoads. Yjssjkdsldj pjrtn hj vohj trjljefjbhd, cdbvovnbhd cdk js knskjs pnssdjs. Ydrtjbtd, ï kjos obtneoanbtncdbstruor jmobohjhns jkoaêvnos n kutujknbtn arjtomocjbtns. Xïcbocjs cdkd nssj prdkdvnk ukjjtkdsmnrj bnurdeóaocj n psëquocj prdpëcoj jd cuetovd hj ldj cdkubocjáãd nbtrn js pnssdjs.




JÊJ =\nsporjtórods lodeóaocds


Hocjs pjrj Obstrutdrns7Yjrj mjznr j cdbtjank cdk d kntrøbdkd7

• D kntrøbdkd hnvn nstjr prdarjkjhd pjrj sn kdvnr bd rotkd hd snaubhd.

• Ydsocodbn-d nk euajr juhëvne pjrj tdhds qun nstãd prjtocjbhd.

• Ydrtjbtd, sn vdcç usjr k÷socj, nej hnvn nstjr cdk d vdeukn lnk jljoxd hd sdk hdkntrøbdkd.

• Zujbhd jeubds bdvds nstovnrnk prnsnbtns, hnscrnvj js tïcbocjs n cdbtn nk vdz jetj pjrjjuxoeojr j cdkprnnbsãd.

• \nvosn j nxncuáãd hj rnsporjáãd cdkpentj knskd nbtrn ds kjos jbtoads.

Bnssn bëvne, tdhds ds tnkpds rnsporjtórods sãd oaujos, knbds d hj rntnbáãd cdk jr, quntropeocj.

Bëvne kïhod \otkd :-3-:


Obsporjáãd > snaubhds 6 snaubhds :9 snaubhds :< snaubhds

\ntnbáãd cdk jr :> snaubhds <8 snaubhds 39 snaubhds 3= snaubhds

Nxporjáãd > snaubhds 6 snaubhds :9 snaubhds :< snaubhds

Cdbcnotds7 js okpeocjáþns mosodeóaocjs, bnurdeóaocjs n cdkpdrtjknbtjos hds rnsporjtórods, tïcbocjsdraìbocjs, hnscdbtrjáãd, knhotjáãd ntc., sãd nxtrjdrhobêrojs. Ydr ossd, bd pjssjhd, mdrjkhnbdkobjhjs hn tïcbocjs psocdmësocjs. Kjs tuhd ossd hn bjhj jhojbtjroj sn d Kïtdhd bãd dmnrncnssnuk jklonbtn prdpëcod é kntjldeozjáãd hjs prdmubhjs trjbsmdrkjáþns droubhjs hj prêtocj.J hnbdkobjáãd hnssj jtkdsmnrj mjvdrêvne ï Cueturj Hn\dsn.


Hocj pjrj obstrutdrns7 jpeoqun js rnarjs hn pnrkjbçbcoj, rnsporjáãd, rnpntoáãd, jtotuhn obtnrodr,ìbaued hohêtocd, cdkpnbsjáãd n snaurjbáj prncdbozjhjs pned Kïtdhd.

Nxncutn d tdqun cdrrntovd bds snus jeubds. Bjhj sulstotuo j cdrrnáãd têtoe0 du sngj, kdhnejr cdksujs kãds j nxncuáãd hd prjtocjbtn. \njeozn nssn topd hn cdrrnáãd pned knbds ukj vnz pdr juej,nk cjhj uk.

Yejbngn j cdrrnáãd têtoe nk sujs juejs pjrj qun pned knbds cjhj uk hds prjtocjbtns rncnljjeaukj nk cjhj prêtocj. D tdqun, qujbhd nxncutjhd hn mdrkj cdrrntj n cuohjhdsj, prdkdvn ukvëbcued kuotd pdsotovd nbtrn d Obstrutdr n d jcóeotd, nstokuejbhd j jutdssupnrjáãd n nvdeuáãd bdsnaubhd.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD ?8


Cdbcnotds7 obceuobhd jprokdrjknbtd cdbtëbud n obtnarje, du sngj, cdrpd, cdrjáãd n knbtn, d KïtdhdHn\dsn dmnrncn, pdr nxnkped, tïcbocjs qun rnnstruturjk n jpnrmnoádjk j rnsporjáãd, pdsturj, sdbd,cdbcnbtrjáãd, fêlotds jeoknbtjrns, cueturj, juknbtjk j prdhutovohjhn bds nstuhds n trjljefd,

nbsobjbhd cdkd bds cdkpdrtjkds bjs rnejáþns prdmossodbjos n pnssdjos, nk uk prdcnssdcdbstjbtn hn jutdjprokdrjknbtd, jtrjvïs hn ukj obtnrcdbnxãd hn cdbcnotds n tïcbocjs, droubhjs hntrjhoáþns cueturjos kuotd jbtoajs.



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS ?>


Mrocáãd hd cdurd cjlneuhd• Kjbtnbfj ukj hjs kãds snaurjbhd d dklrd hd

jkoad, pjrj nen bãd ljejbájr cdk j kjbdlrj.Hnoxjr ds hnhds hj dutrj kãd lnk jlnrtds.

• Jmubhn-ds bds cjlneds jtï nbcdbtrjr d cdurdcjlneuhd.

• Nbcdefj n jlrj lnk ds hnhds, mjznbhd-ds hnseozj-rnk sdlrn d cdurd cjlneuhd, mjznbhd prnssãd cdkjs pdbtjs hds hnhds.

•

Kjssjanon hnshn j bucj, pjssjbhd pdr três hjsdrnefjs n pnej pjrtn ejtnrje n mrdbtje hd crìbod, qujsnjtï j tnstj.

• Xrdcjr hn kãd, sn prncosjr.

• \npntor j kjbdlrj hn :9 j <9 vnzns.

Nssj tïcbocj bãd mjz pjrtn hd jcnrvd hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn.

Knhotjáãd

:. Nstjloeohjhn cdrpdrjeSnbtn-sn cdbmdrtjvneknbtn, snbtobhd tdhj j nxtnbsãd hjcdeubj nk cdbtjtd cdk d nspjehjr hj cjhnorj. Ds defdsnstãd mncfjhds, j cdeubj nrntj, j cjlnáj jeobfjhj ésvïrtnlrjs, js pjekjs hjs kãds jpdojhjs sdlrn js cdxjsdu gdnefds, js pejbtjs hds pïs bd sded n, bds eêlods, uksdrrosd qujsn okpnrcnptëvne.


<. Cdbcnbtrjáãd bj nstrnej prjtnjhj

Okjaobn-sn snbtjhd buk arjkjhd, cnrcjhd hn mrdbhdsjsêrvdrns. ^kj lrosj sujvn jcjrocoj j suj pnen. Ï bdotn. Dsoeçbcod ï qunlrjhd jpnbjs pned cjbtd hjs coajrrjs n hdsaroeds. Jcokj hn vdcç, koefjrns hn nstrnejs lroefjk cdbtrj dcïu, hn cdedrjáãd prntd-jvneuhjhj. Cdbtnkpen-js nxtjsoj-hd. Ynrkotj qun snus defds pnrcdrrjk j jlóljhj cnenstncdkd sn mdssn ukj cjrëcoj. Xdqun d cïu cdk ds defds.Hnbtrn tjbtds pdbtds eukobdsds, uk efn cfjkj j jtnbáãd. Ï ukj nstrnej qun nkotn ukjeukobdsohjhn obtnbsj, prnbhnbhd j suj jtnbáãd. Xdhjs js dutrjs hnsjpjrncnk n sópnrkjbncn jqunej, lroefjbhd... lroefjbhd... lroefjbhd...

D jstrd eukobdsd qun vdcç nenanu pnrcnln j suj jtnbáãd horoaohj pjrj nen. Cdkdrntroluoáãd, j nstrnej ejbáj uk mnoxn eukobdsd prjtnjhd nk suj hornáãd. Nstn pnrcdrrn dnspjád sohnrje pdr koefþns hn jbds-euz, jprdxokjbhd-sn kjos n kjos hd snu cdrpd jtïtdcjr j suj tnstj, bd obtnrcëeod. Ohnbtomoqun d tjtd, d sujvn cjedr n eukobnscçbcoj prjtnjhj



GD\OS KJ\NBAD ?=

bd troùto. Ï kuotd jarjhêvne. D cdbcnbtrjhd hn euz jranbtj hnsnbfj nk vdcç, anbtoe-knbtn, j mdrkj hn ukj nstrnej hn snos pdbtjs. ]osujeozn botohjknbtn ds cdbtdrbds hdcdrpd cnenstn.

Jadrj, pdsocodbn j cdbscoçbcoj bj okjank hj nstrnej prjtnjhj. Cdbcnbtrn-sn bnssjokjank, jtï pjrjr d pnbsjknbtd. Cdbcnbtrn-sn.




Cdbcnotds7 jtrjvïs hj knhotjáãd, mjznkds j cdbscoçbcoj corcuejr nk uk pjtjkjr kjos nenvjhd hnnbtnbhoknbtd hj rnjeohjhn. Hnssj kjbnorj, d Sostnkj Hn\dsn prdpþn qun jhdtnkds ukj vosãd hnkubhd qun bds kdtovn j luscjr d crnscoknbtd n d jprokdrjknbtd cdbtëbud, cdbquostjbhd jnxcneçbcoj pned cuetovd hjs ohïojs n hd jutdcdbfncoknbtd.






Hocjs pjrj Obstrutdrns7 jcdkpjbfn j nxncuáãd hn cjhj jeubd. Nxpedrn j cjpjcohjhn rnsporjtórojhn cjhj uk hnens. Kdtovn-ds j supnrjrnk snus eokotns rnsporjtórods. Fjvnbhd jeubds bdvds,cdedqun ds próxokds nbtrn so pjrj mjcoeotjr j cdrrnáãd hds rnsporjtórods. \nvosn j nxncuáãd hjrnsporjáãd cdkpentj knskd nbtrn ds kjos jbtoads

.

Obsporjáãd NxporjáãdObsporjáãd7 obsporn nxceusovjknbtn pnejs bjrobjs, hoejtjbhd d jlhøknb n nbcfnbhd jrnaoãd obmnrodr hds puekþns. Cdbtobun objejbhd n prdgntjbhd js cdstnejs pjrj d ejhd,prnnbcfnbhd j rnaoãd obtnrcdstje hds puekþns n, mobjeknbtn, dcupn j êrnj hds puekþnscdk jr jd ejbájr d pnotd pjrj mrnbtn n pjrj cokj.


Cdbcnotds7 nbtrn js cdbsnquçbcojs hj prêtocj rnsporjtóroj, nstê j eokpnzj hds puekþns. BdssdKïtdhd nstokuej j foaonbn obtnrbj hd drajboskd n, jeïk hossd, pdr jhdtjrkds fêlotds hn cuohjhdspnssdjos, mocj kjos mêcoe cdkprnnbhnr qun, hj knskj mdrkj cdkd cuohjkds hd cdrpd, hnvnkdsnstjlnencnr ukj rnejáãd kjos ïtocj n rnspdbsêvne cdk d knod jklonbtn.


Hocj pjrj obstrutdrns7 jpeoqun js rnarjs hn pnrkjbçbcoj, rnsporjáãd, rnpntoáãd, jtotuhn obtnrodr,ìbaued hohêtocd, cdkpnbsjáãd n snaurjbáj prncdbozjhjs pned Kïtdhd. Nxncutn d tdqun cdrrntovdbds snus jeubds. Zujbhd d arupd hn prjtocjbtns ï arjbhn, mocj okpdssëvne jpeocjr j cdrrnáãd têtoenk tdhds ds prnsnbtns j cjhj tïcbocj. Nbtãd, utoeozn j cdrrnáãd vnrlje, qun cdbsostn knbcodbjr dbdkn hd jeubd n jenrtê-ed sdlrn j mdrkj cdrrntj hj nxncuáãd hj tïcbocj.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD ?6


Cdbcnotd7 cohjhjboj ï pnrcnlnr qun pdhnkds n hnvnkds kuhjr d kubhd jtrjvïs hjs bdssjs jáþnsn hd bdssd nxnkped. Xdhjs js tïcbocjs dmnrncohjs pned Kïtdhd Hn\dsn, pdr suj jáãd obtnarjhj

(cdrpd, knbtn n nkdáþns), jkpeojk, bd prjtocjbtn, j pnrcnpáãd hj okpdrtìbcoj hn nstjrkdsnbajgjhds nk dlrjs sdcojos.



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS ??


Jkjssjknbtd hds dklrdsNstj tïcbocj bãd mjz pjrtn hd jcnrvd hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn.

• Cdedcjr-sn jtrês hd snu jkoad. Dlsnrvn ds pïseoanorjknbtn jmjstjhds.

• Snu jkoad hnvn nstjr snbtjhd, ds lrjáds cjëhds,rnejxjhds jd edbad hd cdrpd, n j cjlnáj hnvn nstjrtdkljhj pjrj mrnbtn.

• Jpeocjr j kjbdlrj cdknájbhd bj nxtrnkohjhn hdsdklrds n sulor jtï jtobaor d pnscdád. Nbtãd, hnscnrpneds dklrds jtï suj nxtrnkohjhn, sulobhd n

hnscnbhd pdr tdhj j nxtnbsãd hnens, vêrojs vnzns.• Xrjljefjr cdk d pdenajr pdr três hds dklrds, js

pjekjs hjs kãds pdr cokj n ds dutrds hnhds pnejmrnbtn.

• ^sjr ds hnhds n js pjekjs hjs kãds, bukj prns-sãd, obocojeknbtn lnk envn n, hnpdos, kjos mdrtn.

• \npntor j kjbdlrj hn <9 j >9 vnzns bds hdosdklrds, sokuetjbnjknbtn.


Hocj pjrj Obstrutdrns

• Ï hn ldk tdk obocojr j hnscdbtrjáãd cdk uk hospdsotovd hn snaurjbáj, tjbtd pjrj d jeubdqujbtd pjrj d Obstrutdr. Hoaj7 ―Ynrkjbnáj e÷cohd n jcdrhjhd, duvobhd tuhd d qun nu hossnr pjrjmoetrjr n jssokoejr sdknbtn jquoed qun vdcç quosnr‛.


Nbtrjhj7



Jadrj, probcopjeknbtn, d pnscdád, rnejxjbhd cjrótohj n guauejr, ejroban, mjroban n jcjlnáj0 sdetjbhd n hnscdbtrjobhd ds kjxoejrns, mjcns, eêlods, eëbauj, bjrobjs, aedlds nk÷scueds dcuejrns, pêepnlrjs, sdlrjbcnefjs, j tnstj snk ruajs, d cdurd cjlneuhd n js

drnefjs..



GD\OS KJ\NBAD :99

^toeozjáãd7 j cjcfdnorj

Nbqujbtd hnscdbtrjo, okjaobn-sn hnotjhd próxokd j ukjcjcfdnorj. ]dcç pdhn duvor d obobtnrruptd meuxd hjs êaujsljtnbhd cdbtrj js rdcfjs, prdhuzobhd ukj buvnk hnpjrtëcuejs hn êauj nk suspnbsãd, qun rnmentnk j euz hd sdenk loefþns hn mrjaknbtds eukobdsds kuetocdedrohds.

Nssjs pjrtëcuejs nbvdevnk snu cdrpd n, surprnnbhnbtn-knbtn, suj tnkpnrjturj ï jknbj, sjturjbhd snu drajboskd hn euzns hn cdrns sujvns n jarjhêvnos.

]osujeozn loefþns hn pjrtëcuejs cdedrohjs pnbntrjbhdtncohds, cïeuejs n kdeïcuejs.

Hnsnbfn uk sdrrosd qujsn okpnrcnptëvne n curtj nssjsnbsjáãd.

Nbqujbtd pnrkjbncn hnscdbtrjobhd, vjedrozn nssns kd-knbtds tãd okpdrtjbtns bj suj snkjbj. Nens mjznk tdhj jhomnrnbáj, anrnbcojbhd j suj qujeohjhn hn vohj n efn prd-

pdrcodbjbhd kjos nbnraoj, hospdsoáãd n jenaroj hn vovnr.

Yejbngn d snu hoj pjrj obceuor snkprn uk tnkpd rnsnrvjhd pjrj j suj prêtocj hd KïtdhdHn\dsn.


Yrnpjrn-sn pjrj rntdrbjr jtrjvïs hds snbtohds. Hd kjos sutoe pjrj d kjos hnbsd7 juhoáãd,demjtd, austjáãd, vosãd n tjtd.

Sjëhj7


Cdbcnotds7 ukj ldj hnscdbtrjáãd prdpdrcodbj hnshdlrjknbtds qun vãd kuotd jeïk hnuk rnejxjknbtd. Suj prêtocj cdbstjbtn cdbhuz d jeubd é cdbvovçbcoj kjos fjrkdbodsj nobtnarjhj cdk tuhd qun d rdhnoj. Ossd ï covoeohjhn.




KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS :9:



Hocjs pjrj Obstrutdrns7 jcdkpjbfn j nxncuáãd hn cjhj jeubd. Nxpedrn j cjpjcohjhn rnsporjtórojhn cjhj uk hnens. Kdtovn-ds j supnrjrnk snus eokotns rnsporjtórods. Fjvnbhd jeubds bdvds,cdedqun ds próxokds nbtrn so pjrj mjcoeotjr j cdrrnáãd hds rnsporjtórods. \nvosn j nxncuáãd hjrnsporjáãd cdkpentj knskd nbtrn ds kjos jbtoads.

Obsporjáãd7 obsporn nxceusovjknbtn pnejs bjrobjs, hoejtjbhd d jlhøknb n nbcfnbhd jrnaoãd obmnrodr hds puekþns, cdbtobun objejbhd n prdgntjbhd js cdstnejs pjrj d ejhd,

prnnbcfnbhd j rnaoãd obtnrcdstje hds puekþns n, mobjeknbtn, dcupn j êrnj tdtje hdspuekþns cdk jr jd ejbájr d pnotd pjrj mrnbtn n pjrj cokj.




Yjrj mjznr j cdbtjank cdk d kntrøbdkd7

• -D kntrøbdkd hnvn nstjr prdarjkjhd pjrj sn kdvnr bd rotkd hd snaubhd.

• -Ydsocodbn-d nk euajr juhëvne pjrj tdhds qun nstãd prjtocjbhd.

• Ydrtjbtd, sn vdcç usjr k÷socj, nej hnvn nstjr cdk d vdeukn lnk jljoxd hd sdk hdkntrøbdkd.

• Zujbhd jeubds bdvds nstovnrnk prnsnbtns, hnscrnvj js tïcbocjs n cdbtn nk vdz jetjpjrj juxoeojr j cdkprnnbsãd.

• \nvosn j nxncuáãd hj rnsporjáãd cdkpentj knskd nbtrn ds kjos jbtoads.

Bnssn bëvne, tdhds ds tnkpds rnsporjtórods sãd oaujos, knbds d hj rntnbáãd cdk jr, qunqujhrupeocj.

Bëvne jvjbájhd \otkd :-8-:


Obsporjáãd > snaubhds 6 snaubhds :9 snaubhds

\ntnbáãd cdk jr <9 snaubhds 3< snaubhds 89 snaubhds

Nxporjáãd > snaubhds 6 snaubhds :9 snaubhds

Cdbcnotds7 rnnhucjr j rnsporjáãd ï nssnbcojeknbtn rnkdhnejr ukj jtovohjhn obvdeubtêroj tdrbjbhd-jvdeubtêroj. Cdkd hnshdlrjknbtd cdejtnrje, prdpdrcodbj uk hdkëbod kjodr sdlrn bdssjs nkdáþns nukj rnhuáãd hj jbsonhjhn cjrjctnrëstocj hj sdconhjhn nk qun vovnkds, bds tdrbjkds kjos jtnbtdsjd kubhd qun bds rdhnoj, jprokdrjbhd bdssj enoturj hd jklonbtn.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD :9<


J tïcbocj jljoxd bãd mjz pjrtn hd jcnrvd hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn.

.

Cdbcnotds7 ―Kuhn d kubhd. Cdkncn pdr vdcç‛ ï ukjmrjsn cubfjhj pned sostnkjtozjhdr hd kïtdhd, d NhucjhdrHn\dsn, jenrtjbhd-bds hj okpdrtìbcoj hn rnjeozjrkds jskuhjbájs cdkpdrtjknbtjos bncnssêrojs pjrj qun bdstdrbnkds nxnkped hn tuhd qun sngj ldk n pdsotovd.

Hnssj kjbnorj, obsporjrnkds js pnssdjs cdk qunkvovnkds é knefdroj cdbtëbuj.

Knhotjáãd


Snbtn-sn cdbmdrtjvneknbtn, snbtobhd tdhj j nxtnbsãd hj cdeubj nkcdbtjtd cdk d nspjehjr hj cjhnorj. Ds defds nstãd mncfjhds, j

cdeubj nrntj, j cjlnáj jeobfjhj és vïrtnlrjs, js pjekjs hjs kãdsjpdojhjs sdlrn js cdxjs du gdnefds, js pejbtjs hds pïs bd sded n, bdseêlods, uk sdrrosd qujsn okpnrcnptëvne.





<. Cdbcnbtrjáãd bd hojkjbtn

Dlsnrvn d cdbtëbud meuxd hds pnbsjknbtds, qun d nxnrcëcod hj knhotjáãd hospþn-sn j

suspnbhnr. Ï uk kjr hn ohnojs. Dlsnrvn-ds snk ohnbtomocjr-sn. Hnoxn-ds or n vor. Cdbtnk-pen-ds. Yrdarnssovjknbtn, tdrbn-ds kjos n kjos okpnrcnptëvnos.

Hostjbcojhd hj knbtn, jquontn js dbhjs knbtjos, hnscjbsjbhd j suj jtnbáãd sdlrn uk÷bocd pdbtd, bj mdrkj hn uk eukobdsd hojkjbtn, crjvjhd bd troùto, nbtrn js sujs sdlrjb-cnefjs. Kdehn d mdrkjtd lneëssokd hj prncodsj pnhrj. J vosujeozjáãd ï tãd vëvohj, qunvdcç pdhn snbtor d tjtd hd dlgntd lroefjbtn bd obtnrcëeod. Jpeoqun tdhd d snu mdcd jdpnrcdrrnr j sdmostocjhëssokj ejpohjáãd qun sdmrnu d hojkjbtn lrutd, jtï trjbsmdrkjr-snbnssj kjgnstdsj gdoj. Suj pnrcnpáãd jtuj cdkd uk soenbcodsd sde, rnmentobhd-sn bjskoefjrns hn mjcntjs hd lneëssokd jrtnmjtd. Okdloeozn j suj cdbscoçbcoj. Cdbcnbtrn-sn.




Cdbcnotds7 obcnbtovjkds vnnknbtnknbtn qun bdssds prjtocjbtns snkprn tdknk j obocojtovj hjcdbcoeojáãd, cuetovjbhd snkprn anbnrdsohjhn, nenaìbcoj, rnspnotd n cjrobfd és rnejáþns fukjbjs(sdcojos, prdmossodbjos, mjkoeojrns, jmntovjs n dutrjs). J prêtocj cdbtobujhj hj knhotjáãd cdbhuz dprjtocjbtn hd Kïtdhd j uk nenvjhd pjtjkjr hn eucohnz, mjcoeotjbhd d nbtnbhoknbtd kjos prdmubhdhjs okpeocjáþns hjs bdssjs jáþns. Cdkd cdbsnquçbcoj hnssn juknbtd hn cdbscoçbcoj, jhvïk ukkjodr cdkprdkntoknbtd jklonbtje n sdcoje, rnjeozjhd hn mdrkj hnscdkpeocjhj n cdk jenaroj.




JÊJ ?\nsporjtórods lodeóaocds

\nsporjr cjkobfjbhd

Hocjs pjrj Obstrutdrns7 dlsnrvn, hurjbtn d trnobjknbtd rnsporjtórod, sn snus jeubds rntrjnk dsdklrds du ds k÷scueds mjcojos. Xjklïk jtnbtn pjrj qun j rnsporjáãd sngj jlsdeutjknbtn soenb-codsj. Sn bdtjr qun jeauk pjrtocopjbtn tnk homocuehjhn nk nxpedrjr d snu tdtje jevndejr, cdedqun jskãds hnen sdlrn d próprod pnotd, hn kjbnorj j jcdkpjbfjr j nxpjbsãd n rntrjáãd jlhdkobje.

• Obsporjr nbtrn > j :9pjssds.

• \ntnr nbtrn > j :9 pjs-

sds.• Nxporjr nbtrn > j :9

pjssds.

• Bubcj, kjs bubcjknskd, mjznr rntnbáþnssnk jr.

• Nvotjr mdrájr j rnsporj-áãd. Hnscdlror uk rotkdqun sngj cdbmdrtêvne.

Cdbcnotds7 js okpeocjáþns mosodeóaocjs, bnurdeóaocjs n cdkpdrtjknbtjos hds rnsporjtórods, tïcbocjsdraìbocjs, hnscdbtrjáãd, knhotjáãd ntc., sãd nxtrjdrhobêrojs. Ydr ossd, bd pjssjhd, mdrjk cfjkjhjshn tïcbocjs psocdmësocjs. Kjs tuhd ossd hn bjhj jhojbtjroj sn d Kïtdhd bãd dmnrncnssn uk jklonbtnprdpëcod é kntjldeozjáãd hjs prdmubhjs trjbsmdrkjáþns droubhjs hj prêtocj. J hnbdkobjáãd hnssjjtkdsmnrj mjvdrêvne ï Cueturj Hn\dsn.


Hocj pjrj obstrutdrns7 jpeoqun js rnarjs hn pnrkjbçbcoj, rnsporjáãd, rnpntoáãd, jtotuhn obtnrodr,ìbaued hohêtocd, cdkpnbsjáãd n snaurjbáj prncdbozjhjs pned Kïtdhd. Nxncutn d tdqun cdrrntovd

bds snus jeubds. Mjáj, tjklïk, cdrrnáãd vnrlje. Jcdkpjbfn j nxncuáãd hn cjhj jeubd. Cdrrogj.Kdtovn-ds j supnrjrnk snus eokotns cdrpdrjos.

Snkprn cuohn, jd rnjeozjr j cdrrnáãd têtoe, hn nvotjr êrnjs qun pdssjk anrjr cdbstrjbaoknbtd duhnscdbmdrtd. Yejbngn j cdrrnáãd têtoe nk sujs juejs pjrj qun pned knbds cjhj uk hds prjtocjbtnsrncnlj jeaukj nk cjhj prêtocj. D tdqun, qujbhd nxncutjhd hn mdrkj cdrrntj n cuohjhdsj,prdkdvn uk vëbcued kuotd pdsotovd nbtrn d Obstrutdr n d jcóeotd, nstokuejbhd j jutdssupnrjáãd nnvdeuáãd bd snaubhd.



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS :9>


Cdbcnotds7 suanrokds qun js nkprnsjs dmnrnájk jds snus nxncutovds n cdejldrjhdrns, uk këbokdhn hujs juejs snkjbjos hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn bjs nkprnsjs. Js tïcbocjs hn rnnhucjáãd pdsturje sãdukj mnrrjknbtj kuotd ÷toe pjrj qun sn pdssj prdhuzor kjos cdk knbds cjbsjád. Bdssj Yrdpdstjobstoaj ds prjtocjbtns pjrj qun hnsnbvdevjk ukj vosãd pdsotovj hd trjljefd, luscjbhd juknbtjr jcjpjcohjhn jhjptjtovj és obnvotêvnos kuhjbájs bd kubhd.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD :9=

Cuohjhds cdk ds defds

J mjhoaj dcuejr7 uk usuêrod hn cdkputjhdr rnjeozj nk tdrbd hn 3<.999 kdvoknbtds dcuejrns,hojrojknbtn, snk pnrcnlnr. Cdk d tnkpd, ds k÷scueds qun mjznk nssns koefjrns hn kdvoknbtdscdtohojbds, snk uk trjljefd cdkpnbsjtórod, tnbhnk j cjbsjr, prdhuzobhd j mjhoaj dcuejr.

:. Moxjáãd bj pdbtj hd bjroz:. ]detjr ds defds pjrj j pdbtj hd bjroz n kjbtç-edsmoxds bnssn pdbtd pdr, pned knbds, < kobutds.

<. Cdk d tnkpd, jkpeojr pjrj > kobutds.

3. Nbqujbtd kjbtovnr j moxjáãd, nvotjr poscjr.

8. Xnrkobjhj j tïcbocj, poscjr ljstjbtn, pjrj eulromo-cjr ds defds.

<. Moxjáãd hd defjr bd obtnrcëeod

Snauor js knskjs obstruáþnshj tïcbocj jbtnrodr.

3. Moxjáãd hd defjr nbtrn defds

Snauor js knskjs obstruáþnshj tïcbocj jbtnrodr.


Hocjs pjrj obstrutdrns7

• ^toeozn pjrj cjhj pjrtn hj juej ukj kdhuejáãd hn vdz homnrnbtn. Js bujbcns nbtrn dcdkjbhd hn prdcnhoknbtds draìbocds n tïcbocj hn hnscdbtrjáãd tdrbjk-sn lnk kjrcjbtns.Bds prdcnhoknbtds draìbocds, d nbsobjknbtd tnk qun snr nstokuejbtn7 nk jeaukjs tïcbocjs,

cdbvohjtovd0 bdutrds, okpnrjtovd. Bj hnscdbtrjáãd, j okpdstjáãd hnvn snr hdcn n obhutovj.Cuohjhd, pdos ï jë qun d sdtjqun rnaodbje kjos sn jcnbtuj. Yrdcurn jtnbuê-ed.

• D tdk hn vdz pdhn hnscdbtrjor kjos hd qun d cdbtn÷hd hj edcuáãd. Knskd jssok, jtnbtnpjrj bãd nxjanrjr n jcjljr mocjbhd cjrocjtd.


Nbtrjhj7


Sdetjbhd, jljbhdbjbhd, hnscjbsjbhd ds pïs, tdrbdzneds, pnrbjs, gdnefds, cdxjs,qujhros. Jadrj, tjklïk ds óraãds hj pïevos, ds óraãds hd jlhøknb, ds óraãds hd tórjx,




trjbquoeozjbhd d cdrjáãd n votjeozjbhd ds puekþns, rnejxjbhd js cdstjs, dklrds, lrjáds,jbtnlrjáds, kãds n hnhds.

Jadrj, probcopjeknbtn, d pnscdád, rnejxjbhd cjrótohj n guauejr, ejroban, mjroban n jcjlnáj0 sdetjbhd n hnscdbtrjobhd ds kjxoejrns, mjcns, eêlods, eëbauj, bjrobjs, aedlds nk÷scueds dcuejrns, pêepnlrjs, sdlrjbcnefjs, j tnstj snk ruajs, d cdurd cjlneuhd n jsdrnefjs.

^toeozjáãd7 ejadj soenbcodsj

Okjaobn-sn hnotjhd gubtd j ukj arjbhn n soenbcodsj ejadj. D sde cdknáj j sn pdr hntrêshjs kdbtjbfjs jd rnhdr hnej, n ds ÷etokds rjods hn sde, edbaoeëbnds, rnmentnk-sn bj sujsupnrmëcon nspnefjhj. Xdhj j pjosjank nk tdrbd hn vdcç jssukn ukj cdedrjáãdjvnrknefjhj7 js cdeobjs, j arjkj jljoxd hn vdcç, j vnantjáãd nk vdetj, d cïu n jspducjs buvnbs.

^kj lrosj sujvn jcjrocoj suj pnen, trjznbhd ds cfnords hj bjturnzj, hd kjr, d pnrmukn

hjs medrns. D soeçbcod ï jpnbjs qunlrjhd pned kdvoknbtd dbhuejbtn hjs mdefjs hjsêrvdrns hjbájbhd enbtjknbtn jd rotkd hj jrjank. Sobcrdbozn d kdvoknbtd hjs mdefjanbscdk j suj rnsporjáãd7 qujbhd vdcç obsporj, js cdpjs hjs êrvdrns kdvoknbtjk-sn pjrjuk ejhd0 qujbhd vdcç nxporj, js cdpjs hjs êrvdrns kdvoknbtjk-sn pjrj d dutrd ejhd.Cdbguaun d kdvoknbtd hjs êrvdrns cdk j rnsporjáãd.

Nbqujbtd pnrkjbncn hnscdbtrjobhd, vjedrozn nssns kdknbtds tãd okpdrtjbtns bj sujsnkjbj. Nens mjznk tdhj j homnrnbáj, anrnbcojbhd j suj qujeohjhn hn vohj n efn prdpdr-codbjbhd kjos nbnraoj, hospdsoáãd n jenaroj hn vovnr.

Yejbngn d snu hoj pjrj obceuor snkprn uk tnkpd rnsnrvjhd pjrj j suj prêtocj hd KïtdhdHn\dsn.


Yrnpjrn-sn pjrj rntdrbjr jtrjvïs hds snbtohds. Hd kjos sutoe pjrj d kjos hnbsd7 juhoáãd,demjtd, austjáãd, vosãd n tjtd.

Sjëhj7


Cdbcnotds7 j Bdssj Cueturj nstokuej pjrj qun ds bdssds jeubds cuetovnk js ldjs rnejáþns, mjznbhduk nsmdrád hoêrod pned ldk rnejcodbjknbtd fukjbd, sngj bd trjljefd, mjkëeoj du jkoads. Yjssjkdsldj pjrtn hj vohj trjljefjbhd, cdbvovnbhd cdk js knskjs pnssdjs. Ydrtjbtd, ï kjos obtneoanbtn

cdbstruor rnejáþns jkoaêvnos n kutujknbtn arjtomocjbtns. Xïcbocjs cdkd nssj prdkdvnk ukjjtkdsmnrj bnurdeóaocj n psëquocj prdpëcoj jd cuetovj hj ldj cdkubocjáãd nbtrn js pnssdjs.

.



JÊJ :9\nsporjtórods lodeóaocds

Fopnrvnbtoejáãd

Hocjs pjrj Obstrutdrns7Cuohjhds bj fopnrvnbtoejáãd

• D jeubd obocojbtn cdbmubhn j rnsporjáãd jlhdkobje cdk j tdrêcocj. Ydrtjbtd, d obstrutdrhnvn envjr j kãd hd jeubd jd próprod jlhøknb n nxnrcotjr cdk nen d kdvoknbtd hjfopnrvnbtoejáãd.

• Cdrrogj, tjklïk, d kdvoknbtd jlhdkobje. Jajcfjhd jd ejhd hd jeubd, dronbtn-d7 bjobsporjáãd, nen hoejtj d snu jlhøknb0 bj nxporjáãd, d cdbtrêrod.kk

k

Nxncuáãd7

Snbtjr-sn n cdedcjr ukj hjs kãds bd jlhøknb. Obsporn, rêpohj n ruohdsjknbtn, nxceuso-vjknbtn pnejs bjrobjs, hoejtjbhd d jlhøknb0 n nxporn, cdbtrjobhd j kuscuejturj

jlhdkobje. Cdbtobun obsporjbhd n nxporjbhd, rnjeozjbhd :99 rnsporjáþns nxceusovjknbtnjlhdkobjos, rêpohjs n voadrdsjs. Xnrkobjbhd j cdbtjank, obsporn enbtjknbtn, rnjeozjbhdukj obsporjáãd cdkpentj, n rntnbfj d jr bds puekþns hurjbtn =9 snaubhds0 tnrkobnnxporjbhd enbtjknbtn.

Cdbcnotds7 js okpeocjáþns mosodeóaocjs, bnurdeóaocjs n cdkpdrtjknbtjos hds rnsporjtórods, tïcbocjsdraìbocjs, hnscdbtrjáãd, knhotjáãd ntc., sãd nxtrjdrhobêrojs. Ydr ossd, bd pjssjhd, mdrjkcfjkjhjs hn tïcbocjs psocdmësocjs. Kjs tuhd ossd hn bjhj jhojbtjroj sn d Kïtdhd bãd dmnrncnssnuk jklonbtn prdpëcod é kntjldeozjáãd hjs prdmubhjs trjbsmdrkjáþns droubhjs hj prêtocj.J hnbdkobjáãd hnssj jtkdsmnrj mjvdrêvne ï Cueturj Hn\dsn.



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS :9?


Hocj pjrj obstrutdrns7 jpeoqun js rnarjs hn pnrkjbçbcoj, rnsporjáãd, rnpntoáãd, jtotuhn obtnrodr,

ìbaued hohêtocd, cdkpnbsjáãd n snaurjbáj prncdbozjhjs pned Kïtdhd. Nxncutn d tdqun cdrrntovdbds snus jeubds. Bjhj sulstotuo j cdrrnáãd têtoe0 du sngj, kdhnejr cdk sujs kãds j nxncuáãd hdprjtocjbtn. \njeozn nssn topd hn cdrrnáãd pned knbds ukj vnz pdr juej nk cjhj uk.


Cdbcnotds7 obceuobhd jprokdrjknbtd cdbtëbud n obtnarje, du sngj, cdrpd, cdrjáãd n knbtn, d KïtdhdHn\dsn dmnrncn, pdr nxnkped, tïcbocjs qun rnnstruturjk n jprokdrjk j rnsporjáãd, pdsturj, sdbd,

cdbcnbtrjáãd, fêlotds jeoknbtjrns, cueturj, juknbtjk j prdhutovohjhn bds nstuhds n trjljefd,nbsobjbhd cdkd bds cdkpdrtjkds bjs rnejáþns prdmossodbjos n pnssdjos, nk uk prdcnssdcdbstjbtn hn jutdjprokdrjknbtd, jtrjvïs hn ukj obtnrcdbnxãd hn cdbcnotds n tïcbocjs, droubhjs hntrjhoáþns cueturjos kuotd jbtoajs.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD ::9


Jkjssjknbtd hds dklrds

Nstj tïcbocj bãd mjz pjrtn hd jcnrvd hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn. • Cdedcjr-sn jtrês hd snu jkoad. Dlsnrvn ds pïs eoanorjknbtn jmjstjhds.

• Snu jkoad hnvn nstjr snbtjhd, ds lrjáds cjëhds,rnejxjhds jd edbad hd cdrpd, n j cjlnáj hnvnnstjr tdkljhj pjrj mrnbtn.

• Jpeocjr j kjbdlrj cdknájbhd bj nxtrnkohjhnhds dklrds n sulor jtï jtobaor d pnscdád. Nbtãd,hnscnr pneds dklrds jtï suj nxtrnkohjhn,sulobhd n hnscnbhd pdr tdhj j nxtnbsãd hnens,

vêrojs vnzns.• Xrjljefjr cdk d pdenajr pdr três hds dklrds, js

pjekjs hjs kãds pdr cokj n ds dutrds hnhdspnej mrnbtn.

• ^sjr ds hnhds n js pjekjs hjs kãds, bukjprnssãd, obocojeknbtn lnk envn n, hnpdos, kjosmdrtn.

• \npntor j kjbdlrj hn <9 j >9 vnzns bds hdosdklrds, sokuetjbnjknbtn.

Knhotjáãd


Snbtn-sn cdbmdrtjvneknbtn, snbtobhd tdhj j nxtnbsãd hj cdeubj nkcdbtjtd cdk d nspjehjr hj cjhnorj. Ds defds nstãd mncfjhds, jcdeubj nrntj, j cjlnáj jeobfjhj és vïrtnlrjs, js pjekjs hjs kãdsjpdojhjs sdlrn js cdxjs du gdnefds, js pejbtjs hds pïs bd sded n,bds eêlods, uk sdrrosd qujsn okpnrcnptëvne.


<. Cdbcnbtrjáãd bd bjscnr hd sde

Yjrj jguhjr j pjrjr j knbtn, vosujeozn-sn snbtjhd cdbmdrtjvneknbtnsdlrn j jrnoj lrjbcj, kdrbj n kjcoj, hn ukj prjoj hn pnqunbjnxtnbsãd n kuotd ldbotj. Jtrês hn vdcç, sotuj-sn uk jbne hn kjtjvnrhngjbtn, obceuobhd jetjs pjeknorjs n pejbtjs knbdrns, qun trjznkjtï js sujs bjrobjs d cfnord, snkprn jarjhêvne, hj bjturnzjnxulnrjbtn. ^kj lrosj kuotd sujvn ljejbáj js êrvdrns n jrlustds és sujs cdstjs,cdbhuzobhd jds snus duvohds uk envn n jprjzëvne mjrmjefjr hjs mdefjs.

É suj mrnbtn, nstnbhn-sn d kjr. Ynqunbjs dbhjs sdlnk n hnscnk kjbsjknbtn pnej

jrnoj hj prjoj. D pnrmukn hj kjrnsoj cdklobjhd cdk d pod hn ajovdtjs kjtutobjs n jcjrëcoj hj jrjank kjrobfj crojk ukj jtkdsmnrj hn nbcjbtd n jcdbcfnad.



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS :::

Yjrj cdkpentjr nssj jtkdsmnrj hn lnenzj ëkpjr n hn obtokohjhn, é suj mrnbtn, d sde bjscnbd fdrozdbtn, mjznbhd snus proknords moentns rneuznbtns trjbspjssjrnk j eobfj hd kjr.

Jcdkpjbfn ds mnoxns hn euz jquncnr n oeukobjr prdarnssovjknbtn snu cdrpd n j pjosj-ank jd snu rnhdr, obubhjbhd tdhd d pjbdrjkj cdk ukj cejrohjhn jvnrknefjhj.

J okjank ï lneëssokj n nbvdevnbtn, cjptjbhd hn kjbnorj orrnsostëvne j suj jtnbáãd, qunpdusj sdlrn nej, nk çxtjsn n cdkubfãd.

Cdbcnbtrn-sn... Cdbcnbtrn-sn...




Cdbcnotds7 jtrjvïs hj knhotjáãd, mjznkds j cdbscoçbcoj corcuejr nk uk pjtjkjr kjos nenvjhd hn

nbtnbhoknbtd hj rnjeohjhn. Hnssj kjbnorj, d Sostnkj Hn\dsn prdpþn qun jhdtnkds ukj vosãd hnkubhd qun bds kdtovn j luscjr d crnscoknbtd n d jprokdrjknbtd cdbtëbud, cdbquostjbhd jnxcneçbcoj pned cuetovd hjs ohnojs n hd jutdcdbfncoknbtd.

.




KDHNED HN MOCFJ KÏHOCJ Edcje pjrj cdedcjr sntdr, b·.. hn kjtrëcuej, Obstrutdr rnspdbsêvne ntc.

Bdkn7TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNbhnrnád \nsohnbcoje7 TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

Ljorrd7TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTXnenmdbns7TTTTTTTTTTTTTT/TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCNY7TTTTTTTTT-TTTT Cohjhn7TTTTTTTTTTTTNstjhdTTTTN-kjoe7 TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTYrdmossãd7TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCjrad7TTTTTTTTTTTTNkprnsj7TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNbhnrnád Yrdmossodbje7TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTLjorrd7TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTXnenmdbns7 ( )TTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTT\jkje7TTTTTTTTCNY7TTTTTTTTT-TTTT Cohjhn7TTTTTTTTTTTTNstjhdTTTTN-kjoe7 TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTHjtj hn Bjscoknbtd7TTT/TTTT/TTTT Nstjhd Covoe7TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTKdtovd pned quje hnsngj prjtocjr7 Strnss ( ) Cdrrnáãd pdsturje ( ) Sj÷hn ( )Yrnvnbáãd ( ) Hnsnbvdevoknbtd Ynssdje ( ) DutrdsTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGê prjtocdu d Kïtdhd jbtns4 Sok ( ) Bãd ( ) Dbhn4TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGê enu j rnspnotd4 Sok ( ) Bãd ( ) Eovrds qun enuTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

Mjz jeaukj jtovohjhn mësocj rnauejr4 Sok ( ) Bãd ( ) Zujos4TTTTTTTTTTTXnkpd4TTTTTTT

NVJKN KÏHOCD DL\OAJXÓ\OD Bãd Jcnotjkds Jtnstjhd

YJ\J ^SD HD KÏHOCD

Hnsjcdbsnefêvnos7 mjvdr kjrcjr cdk uk "V" sdlrn d hnsnbfdNxncuáãd kdhnrjhj7 mjvdr corcuejr d hnsnbfd



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS ::3

DLSN\]JÁÞNS CDKYENKNBXJ\NS JSSOBJEJHJS YNED KÏHOCD TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

Hncejrd qun nxjkobno d pjconbtn nk qunstãd n qun nen bãd ï pdrtjhdr hn hdnbájs obmnctd-

cdbtjaodsjs, bnk jmncáþns arjvns n, pdrtjbtd, nstê jutdrozjhd j prjtocjr Kïtdhd Hn\dsn bjs Nk- prnsjs, nxcntd js cdbtrjobhocjáþns qun nu, nvnbtujeknbtn, tovnr jssobjejhd bds hnsnbfds jcokj.

Bdkn hd kïhocd7 TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNbhnrnád7 TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTXne. TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTC\K7 TTTTTTTTTTTTEdcje n Hjtj7 TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT+Jssobjturj7 TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

Xnrkd hn \nspdbsjloeohjhn

Nstdu conbtn hjs cdbtrjobhocjáþns jssobjejhjs pned kïhocd n cdkprdkntd-kn j dlsnrvê-ejs, jssukobhd tdtje rnspdbsjloeohjhn j rnspnotd n, pdrtjbtd, osnbtjbhd knu Obstrutdr du j Nkprnsj dbhnprjtocd hn tdhj n qujequnr rnspdbsjloeohjhn.

Edcje n hjtj7 TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

Jssobjturj hd prjtocjbtn7TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT



HOCJS MOBJOS

Cfnajkds jd mobje hn bdssj oeustrjhj n hovnrtohj gdrbjhj. Nspnrd quntnbfj sohd ukj enoturj mêcoe n nhucjhdrj. Yned knbds, nssj mdo j bdssjobtnbáãd.

Jadrj, cdkncn j prjtocjr. Envn nstn eovrd pjrj suj nkprnsj n janbhn :>kobutds hoêrods, pnej kjbfã n bj sjëhj, pjrj prjtocjr. Soaj js juejs hdcjpëtued :< n, sn tovnr h÷vohj, cdbsuetn js hnscroáþns bds cjpëtuedsjbtnrodrns.

Jguhn j okpejbtjr d Yrdarjkj hnKïtdhd Hn\dsn bjs Nkprnsjs bj suj drajbozjáãd

Js juejs mjrãd j homnrnbáj bd snu hoj n nejs pdhnrãd jguhjr snus cdenajsj cdbquostjrnk kjos qujeohjhn hn vohj n sjtosmjáãd bd trjljefd. Jcnssnwww.KntdhdHn\dsn.dra n prdcurn ukj ^bohjhn Crnhnbcojhj pnedKïtdhd Hn\dsn. Sãd kjos hn <99 rnprnsnbtjáþns pdr tdhd d pejbntj.Bnej, vdcç nbcdbtrjrê ds Obstrutdrns kjos cjpjcotjhds, pdos sãd mdrkj-hds pned Bdssd Sostnkj, jtnbcodsds, hdkobjk js tïcbocjs n jhdrjk dqun mjznk. Kjos hd qun jpnbjs uk prdmossodbje, vdcç nbcdbtrjrê ukjkoad pjrj cdbvnrsjr, jprnsnbtjr js sujs bncnssohjhns n pjrjdronbtê-ed j kuhjr d jklonbtn bj suj drajbozjáãd.

^kj rnmenxãd hn hnspnhohj

Bobauïk pdhn pnrsujhor dutrj pnssdj j sn kdhomocjr.Bãd pdhnkds jlror j pdrtj hj kuhjbáj hn dutrj pnssdj.

Cjhj uk hn bós tdkj cdbtj hj pdrtj hj kuhjbáj,

qun só pdhn snr jlnrtj pned ejhd hn hnbtrd.



^KJ CÊX^\J LJSNJHJ NK XÏCBOCJS NCDBCNOXDS YJ\J XD\BJ\ BDSSJ ]OHJ KNEFD\.





KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS ::1

• ldj cueturj0

• ldj jeoknbtjáãd0

• ldj mdrkj0

• rnnhucjáãd rnsporjtóroj0• jhkobostrjáãd hd strnss0

• tïcbocjs draìbocjs0

• tøbus kuscuejr0

• menxoloeohjhn0

• cdbcnbtrjáãd n knhotjáãd0

• j kntj mobje ï d jutdcdbfncoknbtd.

Lnbnmëcods4 Bãd! Jpnbjs cdbsnquçbcojs hn ukj moedsdmoj hn vohj sjuhêvne.

Zujhrd b·.. :Nejldrjhd pned Obstrutdr ]nrbdb Kjrjscfob



GD\OS KJ\NBAD ::6

Zujhrd b·.. <Jpnrmnoádjhd pned Obstrutdr Jenxjbhrn Kdbtjabj

NVYEOCJÁÃD HD Z^JH\D < JCOKJ:7

Js tïcbocjs jprokdrjk d obhovëhud, pdrïk ds cdbcnotds pnrkotnk kuhjr d kubhd. Ds cërcu-eds cdbcçbtrocds sãd js dbhjs hn cfdqun qun d jhnptd hj Bdssj Cueturj prdhuz n cdk jsqujos obmeunbcoj knhojbtn d nxnkped hn ldbs fêlotds, proknord, d cërcued mjkoeojr0 hnpdos, d

cërcued hn jkoads n cdenajs hn trjljefd, hn mjcuehjhn, hn nspdrtn0 pdr ÷etokd, d cërcued hjspnssdjs cdk js qujos bós cruzjkds bj bdssj vohj, obceusovn ds ceonbtns, ds mdrbncnhdrns n dshnscdbfncohds.

Ï qun js tïcbocjs só lnbnmocojk qunk hncohou prjtocjr mdrkjeknbtn d Kïtdhd, snbtj nusj ds nxnrcëcods. Kjs nssn prjtocjbtn, qujbhd obcdrpdrj ds cdbcnotds, cdbtjaoj dsmjkoeojrns n ds jkoads qun jcjljk prjtocjbhd j Bdssj Cueturj n bnk sjlnk qun dnstãd mjznbhd. Ï d kjrohd du nspdsj, ï d moefd du d pjo, du d orkãd qun jcfj qun―jobhj‛ bãd jhnrou jd Kïtdhd pdrqun bãd cdedcdu uk rótued, bd nbtjbtd, gê jlsdrvnuuk eomn styen, uk kdhus vovnbho, jhdtdu fêlotds, jtotuhns, cdkpdrtjknbtds qun sãd dcnrbn hd bdssd Kïtdhd.

Yjrj cjhj uk qun prjtocj mdrkjeknbtn d Kïtdhd, pdhnkds nbcdbtrjr jtï hnz qun dprjtocjk snk sjlnr. Zunk knefdr hnscrnvn ossd ï j obstrutdrj Gjkoen Kjrtobs, moefj hjobstrutdrj vntnrjbj Cdbcnoáãd Kjrtobs7 ― Nssn ï d lnk kjos prncodsd qun kn mdo pjssj-

hd pnej kobfj kãn, qun pjssno jd knu kjrohd, kobfj sdarj, knus jkoads n jeubds n

jadrj pjssd j kobfj moefj.‛

: Bd muturd, qujbhd tdhds gê tovnrnk cdkprnnbhohd j prncnhçbcoj hds cdbcnotds, ï prdvêvne qunnstn qujhrd sngj rnprnsnbtjhd cdk js tïcbocjs é nsqunrhj n ds cdbcnotds é hornotj. Ossd, pjrj

cdbtnkpejr j eóaocj7 proknord, d pdbtobfd, qun ï d obhovëhud, jprokdrj-sn0 hnpdos, nen rnvnrlnrjsnu nstoed hn vohj, nkotobhd js dbhjs hn cfdqun qun orãd cdbtjaojr snus cërcueds hn jtujáãd (cërcuedmjkoeojr, cërcued hn jkoads n cdenajs, cërcued hn hnscdbfncohds).



BDSSJ HNMOBOÁÃD HN

Z^JEOHJHN HN ]OHJ

Sëbtnsn7 Zujeohjhn hn vohj ï tdrbjr suj nxostçbcoj hnscdkpeocjhj, ï mjznr d qun efn hêprjznr, cdk jenaroj, sj÷hn n lnk-nstjr.

Zujeohjhn hn vohj ï supror js bncnssohjhns mosodeóaocjs n nradbøkocjs, ï jhdtjrkds

fêlotds qun prdkdvjk n kjbtnbfjk j mubcodbjeohjhn hd cdrpd, hd nkdcodbje n hdknbtje, ï d jprokdrjknbtd n hnsnbvdevoknbtd hjs bdssjs fjloeohjhns, jtrjvïs hdtrobøkod7 ldj jeoknbtjáãd, ldj mdrkj n ldj cjlnáj.

Zujeohjhn hn vohj ï rnejcodbjr-sn hn kjbnorj hnscdbtrjëhj, ïtocj n rnspdbsêvne cdk d knodjklonbtn n d knod sócod-cueturje, prdcurjbhd cdkpjrtoefjr n obtnrjaor, jarnajbhd snkprnanbnrdsohjhn, nenaìbcoj, rnspnotd n cjrobfd és bdssjs rnejáþns fukjbjs (sdcojos, prd-mossodbjos, mjkoeojrns, jmntovjs n dutrjs), knhojbtn j jhdáãd hn uk cdbgubtd hn vjedrnsqun obceunk ldj cueturj, ldj covoeohjhn n ldj nhucjáãd.

Zujeohjhn hn vohj ï jhdtjr ukj vosãd hn kubhd qun bds kdtovn j luscjr d hnsnbvde-

voknbtd n d jprokdrjknbtd cdbtëbud, cdbquostjbhd j bdssj nxcneçbcoj jtrjvïs hd nstu-hd, hds ohnjos n hd jutdcdbfncoknbtd.

Zujeohjhn hn vohj ï kjbtnr uk pjhrãd hn ajstds hdos hnarjus jljoxd hd qun vdcçajbfjr. Ï rnsohor próxokd jd trjljefd. Ï jeoknbtjr-sn cdk mruajeohjhn. Ï cdbsnauornxtrjor sjtosmjáãd hn tdhjs js cdosjs. Ï nsljbgjr d snu tnkpd hjbhd jtnbáãd jds jko-ads n jds cdbfncohds. Ï hjr medrns é pnssdj jkjhj. Ï bãd sn hnoxjr jljejr pneds pnr-cjeáds hj vohj. Ï jkjr cdk mrjbqunzj n pnrhdjr cdk sobcnrohjhn.

Nstns sãd ds bdssds vjedrns.



]NBHNK-SN C\J]DS

Cnrtd hoj, uk cdkprjhdr vou j pejcj bj pdrtj hn ukj edgj7 ―]nbhnk-sn crjvds‛.Cdkd nstjvj prncosjbhd hn ubs cdbhoknbtds, nbtrdu. Ynhou jd prdprontêrod7

– Zunrd huznbtds arjkjs hn crjvds, pdr mjvdr. Jd qun d edgostj rnspdbhnu7

– Hnscuepn, cjvjefnord. Bãd trjljefjkds cdk nssn prdhutd.

Yjrj bãd pnrhnr j vojank, d mrnauçs tnbtdu jhquoror dutrj nspncojroj7– Nbtãd, hç-kn huznbtds arjkjs hn drïajbd. D vnbhnhdr obmdrkdu7

– Sobtd kuotd, knu snbfdr. Bãd trjljefjkds cdk tnkpnrds. D cdbsukohdr, obhoabj-hd, cdbtrjpøs7

– Kjs d snbfdr cdedcdu uk eukobdsd eê mdrj hoznbhd qun vnbhn crjvds!

N d hdbd hj edgj, snk pnrhnr j nenaìbcoj, nscejrncnu7

– Nxjtjknbtn. ]nbhnkds crjvds, ds bdlrns obstruknbtds rnbjscnbtostjs, prnhncnssd-

rns hds pojbds. Jcfd qun bãd ï d qun d snbfdr nstê prdcurjbhd.Nssj fostóroj jcdbtncoj tdhds ds hojs bjs nscdejs crnhnbcojhjs pned bdssd Kïtdhd.Kuotds cjbhohjtds pnbsjvjk trjtjr-sn hn jcjhnkoj, du hn tnrjpoj, du hn jeaukj dutrjjknbohjhn. Bd nbtjbtd, d qun bós dmnrncnkds ï ukj Cueturj, ukj prdpdstj hn rnnhu-cjáãd cdkpdrtjknbtje, uk nstoed hn vohj.

Ydr ossd, nk tdhjs js bdssjs nscdejs, nk hovnrsds pjësns hj Nurdpj, ds horntdrns dptjrjkpdr utoeozjr sdknbtn Kïtdhd Hn\dsn n rnvnejk-sn lnk sjtosmnotds.

Fdgn, bjs nscdejs qun utoeozjk d entrnord Kïtdhd Hn\dsn, bobauïk kjos nbtrj nquo-vdcjhd prdcurjbhd pdr crjvds hj Ëbhoj. Bãd dcdrrn kjos d cdbstrjbaoknbtd hn tnrkdshn nscejrncnr qun bãd trjljefjkds cdk jquoed qun d obtnrnssjhd vnod luscjr. Bd Lrj-soe, js nscdejs qun pjssjk pned crovd hd cdbtrden hn qujeohjhn rncnlnk dutdraj hncnrtomocjáãd pjrj jhdtjr d Kïtdhd.



BDSSJ Y\DYDSXJ CÊX^\JE

Ds cjbhohjtds, qujbhd bds prdcurjk, bãd nstãd obtnrnssjhds nk pjeojtovds pjrj kjs-cjrjr js kjznejs hd trovoje hoêrod. Nens nstãd obtnrnssjhds nk jlsdrvnr ukj cueturj.Snaubhd d Hocodbêrod Fdujoss, cueturj soabomocj, nbtrn dutrjs cdosjs7 cdbgubtd hn

pjhrþns hn cdkpdrtjknbtd, crnbájs, cdbfncoknbtds, cdstukns ntc. qun hostobaunk

uk arupd sdcoje. Ydos lnk, Bdssj Cueturj ï ukj rnnhucjáãd cdkpdrtjknbtje quncdbtnkpej nspncojeknbtn d ldk rnejcodbjknbtd nbtrn ds snrns fukjbds n tuhd d qunpdssj nstjr jssdcojhd cdk ossd (pdr nssn kdtovd, mdo suanrohd qun bdssj prdmossãd snhnbdkobjssn eomn styen cdjcfoba).

Nscrnvd sdlrn vêrods tnkjs7 cdkpdrtjknbtd, mocáãd, ldjs kjbnorjs, cdbtds, ajstrd-bdkoj, lodarjmoj, moedsdmoj, ntc. Ds qun kn ennk n jssostnk és kobfjs juejs prdcurdrnnhucê-eds pjrj qun sn tdrbnk pnssdjs knefdrns, kjos pdeohjs, kjos vojgjhjs, kjosrnmobjhjs, kjos covoeozjhjs, kjos cuetjs, qun jprokdrnk jtï suj eobaujank n sujs ldjskjbnorjs. Suaord ukj rnvdeuáãd cdkpdrtjknbtje, prdpdbhd ukj mdrkj kjos snbsëvne njkdrdsj hn rnejcodbjknbtd cdk j mjkëeoj, cdk d pjrcnord jmntovd, cdk ds jkoads,cdk ds suldrhobjhds n cdk ds hnscdbfncohds. \ncdknbhd qun nvnbtujos cdbmeotds

sngjk sdeucodbjhds nenajbtnknbtn, snk cdbmrdbtds. Hn qunlrj, nbsobd cdkd rnsporjrknefdr, cdkd rnejxjr, cdkd cdbcnbtrjr-sn n cuetovjr j qujeohjhn hn vohj, prdpdrcod-bjbhd cdbhoáþns cueturjos n sdcojos pjrj qun ds gdvnbs sn kjbtnbfjk edban hjs hrdajs,hd mukd n hd êecdde. Xuhd ossd gubtd, nk ÷etokj jbêeosn, cdbhuz jd jutdcdbfncoknbtd.

Nstj prdpdstj snencodbj d p÷leocd kjos jmnotd é cueturj n mjz jeusãd jd mjtd hn qun bãdnbsobjkds jpnbjs jeaukjs kjcjquocns, cdosjs hn sjetokljbcds, cdkd jeaukjs pnssd-js nbtnbhnk, kjs qun nbsobjkds ukj cueturj. Cdkd nmnotd cdejtnrje lnbïmocd, mocj-kds jtrnejhds jd Kobostïrod hj Cueturj n bãd jd Kobostïrod hj Nhucjáãd. Nk rnuboãd quntovn nk Lrjsëeoj cdk d Kobostrd Aoelnrtd Aoe, nen kn hossn ukj mrjsn knkdrêvne7 ―Cd-

bfncoknbtd ï cdk d Kobostïrod hj Nhucjáãd. Jutdcdbfncoknbtd ï cdk d Kobostïrod hjCueturj‛ – qun ï d bdssd cjsd.

KJBXNBHD DS GD]NBS EDBAN HJS H\DAJS

Sn d bdssd trjljefd bãd snrvossn pjrj kjos bjhj, sn bãd prdpdrcodbjssn bnbfukjdutrj cdbtroluoáãd sdcoje, nen snroj vêeohd jpnbjs pned snu jspnctd hn kjbtnr koefjrnshn gdvnbs edban hjs hrdajs.

D arjbhn sdbfd hn tdhd pjo du kãn ï tnr j cnrtnzj hn qun snu moefd du moefj nstê nkldj cdkpjbfoj n bãd vjo sn nbvdevnr cdk hrdajs, bnk sjor pjrj j ljejhj cdbhuzo-

hd(j) pdr uk jkoad jecddeozjhd bj hornáãd hn uk vnëcued jssjssobd.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD :<<

Hurjbtn uk cursd hj Bdssj Cueturj, d gdvnk ]obocous Kjcfjhd horoaou-sn j kok nmnz ukj hncejrjáãd p÷leocj qun cdkdvnu ds prnsnbtns7

– Yrdmnssdr. Zunrd efn jarjhncnr, pdrqun vdcç sjevdu j kobfj vohj.

\nspdbho qun nen tjklïk nstjvj sjevjbhd j vohj hn kuotj anbtn, pdos tjklïk nrjobstrutdr hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn. Kjs ]obo nxpeocdu7

– Bãd. ]dcç sjevdu knskd j kobfj vohj. Nu tobfj uk jkoad n cdstukjvj sjor cdknen pjrj j boaft . J anbtn nbcfoj j cjrj n sjëj pdr jë. Fdgn, hnpdos hj juej, nu nstduobhd jd vneórod hnen. Nbcfnu j cjrj, ljtnu cdk d cjrrd n kdrrnu. Nu pdhoj nstjr eê, kjsnstdu jquo, vovd. Ydr ossd, hoad qun vdcç sjevdu j kobfj vohj.

Ds pjos rncdbfncnk ossd. Fê tnkpds uk pjo kn pnraubtdu cdkd cdbsnauokds d qunnen bubcj fjvoj edarjhd7 cdkd cdbsnauokds qun j ajrdtjhj sn kjbtnbfj edban hjshrdajs, hj lnlohj n jtï hd mukd4

Bj vnrhjhn, qunk cdbsnaun ossd ï d jklonbtn sjuhêvne, ï j ldj cdkpjbfoj, sãd dshnkjos gdvnbs cdk qunk d rncïk-cfnajhd vjo cdbvovnr. Nen vç jqunej kdájhj ldbotj,cdrpds sjrjhds, anbtn jenarn n mneoz. Nen qunr pjrtocopjr hjqunej trold. Kjs pjrj snrjcnotd pnej ajenrj tnk qun snr cjrj-eokpj.

Mocj-bds j snbsjáãd hn cdbmojbáj qun rncnlnkds hds pjos n kãns, n d snbtoknbtd hnrnspdbsjloeohjhn cdk qun hnvnkds cdrrnspdbhnr équnen provoeïaod. Mneozknbtn, cjhjvnz kjos pjos n kãns cdkprnnbhnk n jpdojk snus moefds pjrj qun soajk j prdmossãdqun tovnrnk nscdefohd. J hdcuknbtjáãd cdk rnprdhuáãd hnstjs cjrtjs nbcdbtrj-sn bdknu eovrd Zujbhd ï Yrncosd Snr Mdrtn, 3?ª. nhoáãd, Nhotdroj Bdlne.

BJHJ HN SNCXJ\OSKD

Hnsjprdvjkds d snctjroskd pdrqun nen cdkprdkntn d snbsd crëtocd, j cjpjcohjhn hn gueajknbtd n j eolnrhjhn hn jáãd hd obhovëhud. Bdssds jeubds n enotdrns sãd pnssdjscuetjs, nhucjhjs, eohjs n vojgjhjs. Nk sukj, pnssdjs jkjhurncohjs n e÷cohjs. Ossd ïukj vnrhjhnorj vjcobj cdbtrj snotjs, sngjk nejs hn cubfd nsporotuje, pdeëtocd du quje-qunr dutrd.

Yenbd hn cdnrçbcoj, bdssd Jxodkj B÷knrd ^k, hncejrj ejcdbocjknbtn7 Bãd jcrnhotn.

Bãd jcrnhotn bj prdpjajbhj, bnk bjs bdtëcojs qun cfnajk pneds gdrbjos. Bãd jcrnhotnbj obmdrkjáãd kjos fdbnstj, trjbskotohj pnej pnssdj kjos sobcnrj, pdos jtï nssj sdmrnuhostdráãd. Bãd jcrnhotn nk kok n bãd jcrnhotn bd qun mjej cdbtrj kok. Ydrqun tdhjs js―vnrhjhns‛ sãd rnejtovjs j ukj ótocj pjrtocuejr, hnpnbhnbhd hd dlsnrvjhdr. Xdhjs jsjmorkjáþns jurndejhjs cdkd vnrhjhns sdmrnrjk js hostdráþns hn cueturj, bnurdsns nobtnrnssns hds qun js jcnotjk cdkd rnjos.

Hdutrobjáãd bãd mubcodbj pjrj j bdssj prdpdstj. Ynssdjs suscntëvnos j jcnotjr cjtn-qunsn, hn qunk qunr qun sngj, bãd sãd d bdssd p÷leocd. Bãd qunrnkds nbtrn ds bdssdsj sëbhrdkn hn rnljbfd. Cdstukjkds hoznr qun bãd sdkds bnk knskd dvnefjs bn-arjs, pdos bãd jhkotokds snqunr snr dvnefjs. Ï prncosd sjlnr pnbsjr eovrnknbtn. Eovrnpnbsjr bãd ï sobøbokd hn qunstodbjr cdkpuesovjknbtn. Xjklïk pdr ossd bãd sdkds



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS :<3

dvnefjs, bnk bnarjs, pdos bãd nstjkds cdbtnstjbhd j mdrkj hn vovnr hds dutrds. Sd-kds jhnptds hj hovnrsohjhn hn dpáþns n hj eolnrhjhn hn nscdefj.

D mjtd hn bãd prdmnssjrkds bnbfuk crnhd, bãd prncdbozjrkds bnbfukj tnrjpoj, bãd

dmnrncnrkds bnbfuk lnbnmëcod, tdrbj bdssj prdpdstj cueturje prdtnaohj cdbtrj quje-qunr nvnbtuje tnbhçbcoj jd nquëvdcd.

SÓ XNBFD ^KJ NSCDEJ,

BÃD X\JLJEFD CDK M\JBZÔJ,

N BÃD CDL\D \D_JEXONS

Js Nbtohjhns Crnhnbcojhjs jd bdssd Kïtdhd (nscdejs, nspjáds cueturjos, jssdcoj-áþns, mnhnrjáþns) sãd tdhjs jutøbdkjs n cjhj quje tnk d snu prdprontêrod, horntdr du prn-

sohnbtn. Bãd trjljefjkds cdk mrjbquoj<. ^toeozjkds d sostnkj hn crnhnbcojknbtd hnnbtohjhns jutøbdkjs. Nssjs nbtohjhns jutøbdkjs bãd pjajk bjhj jd Hn\dsn, bãdtnk bnbfuk vëbcued gurëhocd, jhkobostrjtovd, moscje, cdknrcoje du trjljefostj cdk dHn\dsn.

Nbtãd, d qun nu, Hn\dsn, ajbfd cdk ossd4 Hoabohjhn n uk ldk bdkn vjenk kjos hdqun hobfnord. Xrjtj-sn hn uk jcdrhd hn cjvjefnords. Ds crnhnbcojhds bds prdpdrcod-bjk uk trjljefd sïrod, d quje lnbnmocoj d bdkn0 nk rntroluoáãd tnk d hornotd hn usjrbds snus prdhutds j knskj kjrcj, qun ï kuotd rnspnotjhj bd Lrjsoe n probcopjeknbtnmdrj hnen. Ossd anrj uk cërcued vortudsd qun jcjlj lnbnmocojbhd j tdhds n nstokuejbhd

j dpoboãd p÷leocj j luscjr d nbsobjknbtd hj Bdssj Cueturj nk nstjlnencoknbtds sï-rods n nk ldbs eovrds.

Nu só tnbfd ukj snhn, bj Jejknhj Gj÷, <999, nk Sãd Yjued. Envjk d bdkn Hn\dsnjs nbtohjhns (nscdejs, b÷cends, jssdcojáþns, nspjáds cueturjos, mnhnrjáþns) qun rncdbfn-cnk j okpdrtìbcoj hj bdssj dlrj n qun jcjtjk j kntdhdedaoj prdpdstj pdr bós. Ïcdkd j rnhn kubhoje hn nscdejs Kdbtnssdro. Sãd koefjrns. Bnk pdr ossd jeauïk jcfjqun sãd moeojos du mrjbquojs hj prdmnssdrj Kjroj Kdbtnssdro.

JÁÞNS SDCOJOS N MOEJBX\DYOJ

Xnkpds jtrês tovn ukj ohïoj. Bdssj obstotuoáãd cdbtj cdk koefjrns hn jeubds kjtrocu-ejhds bjs nscdejs du jssdcojáþns crnhnbcojhjs0 n kjos hn uk koefãd hn jeubds obmdr-kjos é hostìbcoj, qun nstuhjk pnej obtnrbnt, pneds knus eovrds, vëhnds n CHs snkpjajr bjhj, pdos pdhnk ljoxjr nssn kjtnroje hohêtocd arjtuotjknbtn hd bdssd wnl-

sotn. Ossd rnprnsnbtj uk nxïrcotd qun sn mdr lnk dronbtjhd pdhn prnstjr obnstokêvnossnrvoáds é cdkubohjhn.

Cdbsohnrjbhd jpnbjs ds jeubds mdrkjeknbtn kjtrocuejhds, sn cjhj uk hdjssn uk rnjepdr kçs pdhnrëjkds cdbstruor vêrojs cjsjs pdpuejrns tdhds ds knsns pjrj js pdpuej-

< Fê vobtn jbds nxpnroknbtno d sostnkj hn mrjbquoj, kjs edad vnromoquno qun bãd nrj jhnqujhdpjrj j kobfj prdpdstj n bubcj kjos quos sjlnr hn mrjbcfosoba .



GD\OS KJ\NBAD :<8

áþns cjrnbtns. Ydhnrëjkds cdbstruor uk fdspotje du ukj nscdej tdhds ds jbds! Kjsedad pnrcnlo qun, nkldrj eobhd, nssn ohnje pdhnroj kn vuebnrjloeozjr pdr nbvdevnrhobfnord. Nbtãd dptno pdr dutrj mdrkj hn jguhjr ds hnsvjeohds. Yjssno j nbcdrjgjr bds-sds vdeubtêrods j qun sn nbajgjssnk nk tdhjs js cjkpjbfjs bjcodbjos, nstjhujos nkubocopjos, tjos cdkd j Cjkpjbfj hd Jajsjefd, Bjtje snk Mdkn n j jguhj vdeubtêrojj nbtohjhns hn jssostçbcoj hd snu ljorrd n hj suj cohjhn. Jssok, bãd knxnkds cdkhobfnord, kjs cdbsnauokds ukj pjrtocopjáãd rnenvjbtn bjs jáþns sdcojos qun gê nxos-tnk. Cuetovjbhd d obstobtd hn jguhjr, bdssds jeubds cdknájk j tdkjr obocojtovj pró-proj hn nmntujr hdbjtovds, lnk cdkd vosotjr drmjbjtds, jsoeds n dutrjs obstotuoáþns pjrjjuxoeojr bd qun mdr pdssëvne.

Nk Ydrtuaje, bdssjs nscdejs hnstobjk ukj pjrtn hj knbsjeohjhn hn cjhj jeubd pjrj j^bocnm hj ^boãd Nurdpïoj, d qun bds vjenu ukj knhjefj hnssj nbtohjhn. Nk <991,tovn d provoeïaod hn rncnlnr d tëtued hn Knklrd Fdbdrêrod hd \dtjry. Gubtd j nen,

tnrno j dpdrtubohjhn hn snrvor lnk knefdr é cdkubohjhn.Nk <996, mdkds jarjcojhds pned Advnrbjhdr hd Nstjhd hn Sãd Yjued cdk d HopedkjDkbouk Fdrjruk Fdkd, hj Hnmnsj Covoe. Nk vortuhn hjs bdssjs jtujáþns bjs cjusjssdcojos n fukjbotêrojs, bd hoj < hn hnznklrd hn <996, rncnlnkds ukj knhjefj hjJssdcojáãd Yjueostj hn Okprnbsj. Bd hoj 8 hn hnznklrd hn <996, mdkds jarjcojhdscdk j knhjefj Snbtobnejs hj Yjz, pneds Ldobjs Jzuos hj DB^ hn Gdobvoeen, SjbtjCjtjrobj. Bd hoj > hn hnznklrd, rncnlnkds, bj Cìkjrj Kubocopje hn Sãd Yjued jCruz hd \ncdbfncoknbtd Sdcoje n Cueturje. Bd hoj ? hn hnznklrd hn <996, rncnln-kds bd Yjeêcod hd Advnrbd j knhjefj hj Cjsj Koeotjr, pnej Hnmnsj Covoe, nk vortuhn hjpjrtocopjáãd bjs vêrojs Cjkpjbfjs hd Jajsjefd hd Nstjhd hn Sãd Yjued n bj kdloeo-zjáãd pjrj juxoeojr ds hnsjlroajhds hj trjaïhoj hn Sjbtj Cjtjrobj. Bd hoj << hnhnznklrd hn <996, rncnlnkds kjos uk hopedkj hn rncdbfncoknbtd hj Hnmnsj Covoebd Yjeêcod hd Advnrbd.

Knbcodbjkds nssns rncdbfncoknbtds qun jcdbtncnrjk nk uk ÷bocd kçs jpnbjspjrj oeustrjr d nbajgjknbtd n pjrtocopjáãd hds bdssds jeubds n obstrutdrns bjs cjusjssdcojos n fukjbotêrojs. Okjaobn d qun rnjeozjkds nk cobqunbtj jbds, lnk cdkd jqujbtohjhn hn fdknbjanbs n cdbhncdrjáþns cdk qun j sdconhjhn hnkdbstrj d snujpdod n rncdbfncoknbtd jd bdssd trjljefd. Ldj pjrtn hnssn kjtnroje nstê hdcuknbtjhj bdeovrd Hn\dsn7 fostórocd n trjgntóroj (Nh. ^bo-_øaj, kjrád hn <99?).

JÊJS A\ÊXOS JLN\XJS JD Y×LEOCD

Yjrjenejknbtn jd trjljefd rnjeozjhd pnejs bdssjs nscdejs nk sujs hnpnbhçbcojs,kjbtnkds prêtocjs arjtuotjs n jlnrtjs j tdhds nk pjrquns, gjrhobs n prjojs nkvêrojs cohjhns hd Lrjsoe n nk hovnrsds dutrds pjësns pneds qujos d bdssdKïtdhd sn homubhou.

Sjolj kjos sdlrn j Bdssj Cueturj, vosotjbhd d leda hd Hn\dsn7

www.KntdhdHn\dsn.dra/leda



D Kïtdhd Hn\DSN

Nkprnsjs ï ukj kdhjeohjhn hd bdssd sostnkj qun cdbtnkpejnspncojeknbtn js cdbvnboçbcojs hjs nkprnsjs.

Bnejs, nbcdbtrjkds jklonbtn prdpëcod pjrj nbsobjr bãd jpnbjs js tïcbocjs hn rnsporj-áãd, dxoanbjáãd cnrnlrje, jtnbáãd, cdbcnbtrjáãd, jedbajknbtd, jprokdrjknbtd pdstu-rje n hnscdbtrjáãd nkdcodbje, cdkd snbtokds qun fê tjklïk rncnptovohjhn pjrj qunpdssjkds trjbskotor j Bdssj Cueturj hn jhkobostrjáãd hn cdbmeotds, anrnbcojknbtd hnstrnss, knefdroj hjs rnejáþns fukjbjs, cuetovd hj qujeohjhn hn vohj, rnsuetjbhd nkdtokozjáãd hj prdhutovohjhn sustnbtêvne.

Yjrj tjbtd, hospdkds hn dpáþns nspncojos hn jcdrhd cdk js cdbvnboçbcojs hn cjhj

nkprnsj. Js kdhjeohjhns kjos utoeozjhjs sãd7 quobzn kobutds pdr hoj0 n dutrj hn ukjfdrj hujs vnzns pdr snkjbj.

ZÔBWN KOB^XDS YD\ HOJ

Hn snaubhj j snxtj-mnorj du bj pnrodhocohjhn qun knefdr pjrncnr jd cdbtrjtjbtn, ko-bostrjkds quobzn kobutds hn tïcbocjs rnsporjtórojs, cdrpdrjos, hn rnejxjknbtd n hncdbcnbtrjáãd knbtje bd edcje hn trjljefd du nk dutrd edcje sn jssok cdbvonr. Snkprnqun fduvnr dpdrtubohjhn, d obstrutdr trjbskotorê j cueturj cdkpdrtjknbtje qun tdrbdud Kïtdhd prdvnrlojeknbtn cdbfncohd pdr suj nmocoçbcoj nk prnpjrjr js pnssdjspjrj uk ldk rnejcodbjknbtd fukjbd bd trjljefd n mdrj hnen.

^KJ FD\J H^JS ]NWNS YD\ SNKJBJ

Js knskjs tïcbocjs hj kdhjeohjhn jbtnrodr sãd jpeocjhjs cdk kjos çbmjsn. Ds cdb-cnotds pdhnk snr kjos trjljefjhds arjájs é knefdr hospdboloeohjhn hn tnkpd. Yjrjnstj dpáãd, ï bncnssêrod uk nspjád jhnqujhd mdrj hd jklonbtn hn trjljefd.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD :<=

Nstj ï ukj dpáãd hn cdjcfoba qun pdhn snr utoeozjhj nk cjsj, bd nscrotórod du nkvojank. Hospdkds hn pnssdje nspncojeozjhd nk prjtocjknbtn tdhd d Lrjsoe n jobhjJranbtobj, Cfoen, Ydrtuaje, Nspjbfj, Mrjbáj, Obaejtnrrj, Nscócoj, Otêeoj n Nstjhds^bohds (obceusovn Fjvjë). D obstrutdr pdhn mjznr j nscdefj hn uk prdarjkj pnrsdbjeo-zjhd qun provoenaoj js tïcbocjs hd bdssd Kïtdhd jhjptjhjs jds dlgntovds hd prjtocjb-

tn.

D Kïtdhd Hn\DSN Jcjhnkojs ï ukj nspncojeohjhn sokpeomocjhj hd bdssd sostnkj,nstruturjhj pjrj jcjhnkojs n aobêsods, dbhn bãd hnvn fjvnr tndroj qujsn bnbfukj ndbhn sn vnromocj ukj meutujáãd cdbsohnrêvne hds prjtocjbtns hn cjhj turkj.

^kj edbaj nxpnroçbcoj hn cobqunbtj jbds nk tnrcnorozjáãd gubtd j jcjhnkojs n aobê-sods bds cdbcnhn j menxoloeohjhn bncnssêroj pjrj eohjr cdk tdhds ds topds hn p÷leocd.

Ydr dutrd ejhd, d mjtd hn snrkds ukj rnhn cdk cnbtnbjs hn obstrutdrns bd Lrjsoe n nkhovnrsds dutrds pjësns, pnrkotn-bds jtnbhnr é kjodr bncnssohjhn hds nstjlnencoknbtdsqun ï hospdr hn prdmossodbjos pjrj cdlror jeaukj nvnbtuje mjetj hd obstrutdr totuejr.



KÏXDHD Hn\DSN BJS NKY\NSJS :<1

D Kïtdhd Hn\DSN Nscdejs ï j kdhjeohjhn hd bdssd sostnkj qun prnnbcfn js nxpnc-tjtovjs hjs nscdejs hn snaubhd arju n mjcuehjhns bd qun hoz rnspnotd bãd jpnbjs énxncuáãd hjs tïcbocjs hn rnsporjáãd, cdbcnbtrjáãd, rnnhucjáãd pdsturje n anrnbcoj-knbtd hd strnss pnrjbtn ds nxjkns, kjs tjklïk bd qun tjban j mdrkjáãd hd cjrêtnr.

Bdssds obstrutdrns gdvnbs cdbsnaunk cdkubocjr-sn cdk ds jeubds pdr nkpjtoj hn vjed-rns n, jtrjvïs hossd, trjbskotor uk cóhoad cdkpdrtjknbtje hn ldjs kjbnorjs, obtnarj-áãd mjkoeojr n sdcoje, cuetovd é enoturj n hostjbcojknbtd hd mukd, hd êecdde n hjs hrd-ajs.

Sn d Kïtdhd só cdbtnkpejssn nstns dlgntovds, gê sn gustomocjroj suj obsnráãd bjs nscd-ejs hn snaubhd arju n mjcuehjhns.

D Kïtdhd Hn\DSN Ynrsdbje ï j jetnrbjtovj pjrj jqunen qun bãd hospþn hn tnkpd duqun hnsngj kjos provjcohjhn. Ï j kdhjeohjhn ohnje pjrj nkprnsêrods, jutdrohjhns, pdeë-

tocds, jtdrns, cnenlrohjhns, lnk cdkd pjrj pnssdjs qun vojgjk kuotd.Hospdkds hn obstrutdrns qun pdhnk kobostrjr snssþns pjrtocuejrns nk qujequnr cohjhnhd Lrjsoe n nk qujequnr pjrtn hd kubhd, obceusovn, jcdkpjbfjbhd d jeubd nk sujsvojanbs hn bnaócods du hn pjssnod.

D cdbtrjtjbtn pdhn nscdefnr j eëbauj nk qun hnsngj qun sujs juejs sngjkkobostrjhjs7 pdrtuauçs, nspjbfde, mrjbcçs, obaeçs, otjeojbd, jenkãd, fdejbhçs, mobejb-hçs, fnlrjocd, êrjln kjrrdquobd n cjtjeãd.

Xnkds j sjtosmjáãd hn pdhnr jmorkjr qun sdkds j ÷bocj nkprnsj bd kubhd j dmnrncnr

nstn snrvoád.



GD\OS KJ\NBAD :<6

D Kïtdhd Hn\DSN Yrdmoconbcy ï d mdrkjtd qun jpeocjkds bjs bdssjs próprojsnscdejs bd Lrjsoe n nk hovnrsds dutrds pjësns. Ï hospdbëvne pjrj obocojbtns n jvjbáj-hds, jssok cdkd pjrj mdrkjáãd prdmossodbje.

Snbhd nstjlnencoknbtds nspncojeozjhds n obstjejhds pjrj nssn mok, pdhnkds dmnrncnrhovnrsjs jtovohjhns cueturjos, jeïk hjs prêtocjs rnauejrns cdk js tïcbocjs gê knbcod-bjhjs. Kuotd hds cdbcnotds n hj nhucjáãd cdkpdrtjknbtje cdbsnauokds trjbskotorpned nxnkped, pned cdbvëvod n pnejs prdarjkjáþns sdcojos. D obscrotd pdhn pjrtocopjr,sn quosnr, jtï snos hojs pdr snkjbj.

Ds obscrotds nk qujequnr hjs bdssjs ubohjhns crnhnbcojhjs tnk d hornotd hn prjtocjrnk tdhjs js hnkjos, jrdubh-tfn-wdreh , arjtuotjknbtn, qujbhd nk vojank, hnshn qunnstngj quotn cdk j suj próproj nscdej bd kçs cdrrnbtn.

Bjs bdssjs nscdejs horncodbjkds j hovueajáãd pjrj gdvnbs jhuetds sjuhêvnos hn jk-

lds ds snxds. Bd nbtjbtd, bãd rncusjrnkds jeauk obtnrnssjhd qun tnbfj kjos jbdsvovohds, hnshn qun nstngj sjuhêvne n nk ldj mdrkj.



Zujhrd nejldrjhd pdr Sjbhrj Sneebnr n Jbj Crostobj.



\NENJSN YJ\J J OKY\NBSJ

D Kïtdhd Hn\dsn ï ukj prdpdstj hn eomn styen cdk çbmjsn nk ldj qujeohjhn hn vohj,ldjs kjbnorjs, ldjs rnejáþns fukjbjs, ldj cueturj, ldj jeoknbtjáãd n ldj mdrkj.

Jeaukjs hjs bdssjs mnrrjknbtjs sãd j rnnhucjáãd rnsporjtóroj, j jhkobostrjáãd hdstrnss, js tïcbocjs draìbocjs qun knefdrjk d tøbus kuscuejr n j menxoloeohjhn, prd-cnhoknbtds pjrj d jprokdrjknbtd hj hnscdbtrjáãd nkdcodbje n hj cdbcnbtrjáãd knb-

tje. Xuhd ossd, nk ÷etokj obstìbcoj, vosjbhd é nxpjbsãd hj cdbscoçbcoj n jd jutdcd-bfncoknbtd.

Yrncosjkds nscejrncnr qun d mdcd hd Kïtdhd bãd ï dmnrncnr lnbnmëcods, ukj vnz quncjhj uk tnk sujs nxpnctjtovjs pnssdjos n snroj objhnqujhd jmorkjr qun pdhnroj suprorj tdhjs. Ds nvnbtujos rnsuetjhds sãd jpnbjs cdbsnquçbcojs hn ukj moedsdmoj hn vohjsjuhêvne.

Ds mubhjknbtds hj prdpdstj cueturje cdbcnlohjs pned Kïtdhd vnk snbhd homubhohdsfê kjos hn cobcd hïcjhjs.

D Kïtdhd jpdbtj ds kncjboskds pjrj sn dltnr ukj ldj qujeohjhn hn vohj, dlgntovdpnrsnauohd pnej kjodroj hds prdmossodbjos bds hojs hn fdgn. Ydr knod hn rnnhucjáãdcdkpdrtjknbtje, ukj jeoknbtjáãd sjuhêvne, ldjs rnejáþns fukjbjs, ldj mdrkj n ldjskjbnorjs pdhn-sn cdbsnauor j dtokozjáãd hj votjeohjhn, prdhutovohjhn n jhkobostrjáãdhd strnss.

Arjájs jd jecjbcn hn suj prdpdstj, d Kïtdhd Hn\dsn trjbsmdrkdu-sn nk kjos hd qunsokpensknbtn uk cursd n pjssdu j cdbstotuor ukj cueturj, uk nstoed hn sn vovnr. Snujspnctd mubhjknbtje ï d jecjbcn hd lnk-nstjr pnssdje. Yjrj jtobaor nssj kntj, ho-vnrsjs mnrrjknbtjs sãd utoeozjhjs, nbtrn nejs, tïcbocjs rnsporjtórojs, tïcbocjs draìbo-cjs qun knefdrjk d tøbus kuscuejr n j menxoloeohjhn, jeïk hn prdcnhoknbtds pjrj d

jprokdrjknbtd hj hnscdbtrjáãd nkdcodbje n hj cdbcnbtrjáãd knbtje.

D Kïtdhd mdo hnsnbvdevohd n ï obhocjhd pjrj jhuetds gdvnbs nk ukj mjoxj ntêroj qunvjo hds :6 jds >6 jbds. Ï prjtocjhd bd Lrjsoe, Jranbtobj, Mrjbáj, Obaejtnrrj, Otêeoj,Nspjbfj, Ydrtuaje n Nstjhds ^bohds.



KJS, X\DCJBHD NK KO×HDS,D Z^N Ï D KÏXDHD4

D cdenaj Austjvd Deovnorj hnu ukj nbtrnvostj sdlrn d Kïtdhd cdk js nxpejbjáþnshjs pêaobjs jbtnrodrns. J gdrbjeostj rntdrbdu n pnhou qun nen mdssn kjos nspncëmocd,pdos bãd nstjvj sumoconbtnknbtn cejrd pjrj nej. Jljoxd nstãd js pnraubtjs qun nej mnz n

js rnspdstjs hjhjs. D tnxtd mdo uk pducd jetnrjhd nk lnbnmëcod hj cejrnzj.D Kïtdhd Hn\dsn ï uk cursd4 Cdkd jcdbtncn4

j) D Kïtdhd ï cdbstotuëhd pdr jtovohjhns cueturjos cdkd cursds tnórocds, wdr`sfdps

prêtocds, mnstjs, gjbtjrns, kdstrjs hn vëhnds, nvnbtds, mnstovjos, wnn`nbhs, vojanbs,tuhd ossd vosjbhd j trjbskossãd hj bdssj Cueturj pned cdbvëvod n pned nxnkped.

l) Ydr dutrd ejhd, tnkds prêtocjs rnauejrns pjrj obocojbtns n jvjbájhds. Nssjs prêtocjsrnauejrns nbsobjk rnnhucjáãd rnsporjtóroj, jhkobostrjáãd hd strnss, tïcbocjs draìbocjsqun knefdrjk d tøbus kuscuejr n j menxoloeohjhn, prdcnhoknbtds pjrj d jprokdrjknbtd hjhnscdbtrjáãd nkdcodbje n hj cdbcnbtrjáãd knbtje.

J qunk sn hnstobj4

Bdssd Kïtdhd ï horncodbjhd j jhuetds gdvnbs, bd nbtjbtd, ossd bãd soabomocj qun rncu-snkds qunk tovnr kjos ohjhn. Ljstj nstjr nk mdrkj n cdk ldj sj÷hn.

Sãd eoajhds j jeaukj rneoaoãd du prêtocj nspdrtovj4 Du bãd tnk bjhj j vnr4

Bãd, bãd tnk bjhj j vnr.

Js pnssdjs hnvnk mjznr ukj obscroáãd4

Xnkds pejbds hn mrnquçbcoj nk bdssds Nspjáds Cueturjos. Knhojbtn obscroáãd cdkpjajknbtds knbsjos d prjtocjbtn pdhn pjrtocopjr hn vêrojs jtovohjhns cueturjos n hnprêtocjs rnauejrns snkjbjos cdbmdrkn d pejbd nscdefohd, qun vjrojk hn ukj vnz pdrsnkjbj jtï tdhds ds hojs.

Fê qujbtd tnkpd ï rnjeozjhd4

Bdssd Kïtdhd cdknkdrj cobqunbtj jbds nk <9:9, nkldrj só tnbfj tdkjhd d mdrkj-td jtuje fê jeaubs jbds.

Zun pjës cdknádu j utoeozjr j hnbdkobjáãd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn4

J hnbdkobjáãd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn cdknádu bj Mrjbáj, nxpjbhou-sn pnej Obaejtnrrj, Ydrtu-aje, Otêeoj, Nspjbfj n Nstjhds ^bohds. Nstê kuotd homubhohj bd Lrjsoe n Jranbtobj,



GD\OS KJ\NBAD :3<

pjësns bds qujos nxostn ukj arjbhn qujbtohjhn hn nscdejs hd Kïtdhd. Ds nbhnrnádspdhnk snr nbcdbtrjhds jtrjvïs hd sotn7

www.KntdhdHn\dsn.dra

Js pnssdjs pjrtocopjk hn juejs, snssþns du nbcdbtrds pdr uk tnkpd eokotjhd4

Ds pejbds hn pjrtocopjáãd pdhnk snr knbsjos, troknstrjos, snknstrjos du jbujos.

Nssjs jtovohjhns dcdrrnk cdk quje pnrodhocohjhn4• Xnkds jtovohjhns cueturjos qun dcdrrnk ukj vnz pdr kçs0• dutrjs jtovohjhns, ukj vnz pdr snkjbj0• js prêtocjs rnauejrns cdk ukj fdrj hn hurjáãd dcdrrnk tdhds ds hojs hjs =f

és <<f bds hojs hn snkjbj0• dutrjs jtovohjhns, cdkd cursds n nvnbtds, tnk euajr bds mobjos hn snkjbj.

D obtnrnssjhd nscdefn pjrtocopjr hd qun efn cdbvonr.

Zujbtd tnkpd nk fdrjs4

D pejbd lêsocd pdssoloeotj jtovohjhns qujsn tdhds ds hojs n hujs prêtocjs rnauejrnssnkjbjos cdk cnrcj hn ukj fdrj cjhj. Cdbmdrkn j hospdboloeohjhn hn tnkpd hd prj-tocjbtn, nen pdhn usumruor d qujbtd quosnr.

Fê arupds nspncëmocds4

Js kjtrëcuejs nstãd jlnrtjs d jbd tdhd, kjs sãd sugnotjs j hospdboloeohjhn hn vjajs

cdbmdrkn j jtovohjhn du turkj hn prêtocjs rnauejrns, pdos mjznkds uk trjljefd lnkpnrsdbjeozjhd n cdk eokotn hn vjajs. Jeaubs fdrêrods tnk eostj hn nspnrj.

D qun jcdbtncn bnssns nbcdbtrds4

Ydhnk snr trnobjknbtds hn tïcbocjs du jtovohjhns cueturjos hn cdbvovçbcoj. Ydrnxnkped, bukj juej rnauejr prjtocjkds tïcbocjs rnsporjtórojs, tïcbocjs cdrpdrjos quntrjljefjk d mdrtjencoknbtd, j menxoloeohjhn, j cdbscoçbcoj cdrpdrje, tïcbocjs hn hns-cdbtrjáãd kuscuejr n hn cdbcnbtrjáãd knbtje. Nk anrje, nssj prêtocj rnauejr hurjcnrcj hn ukj fdrj.

Zuje d pnrmoe hds pjrtocopjbtns4

D pnrmoe hds prjtocjbtns ï hn jhuetds gdvnbs, fdknbs n kuefnrns (cnrcj hn =9% sãdfdknbs), j kjodroj nbtrn :6 n 86 jbds. Sãd nbanbfnords, jhvdajhds, kïhocds, nk-prnsêrods, nxncutovds, jrtostjs, hnspdrtostjs, nstuhjbtns, hnbtrn kuotjs dutrjs prdmos-sþns.



NVYEJBJÁÃD SDL\N J BDSSJ CÊX^\J

Jssostj jd vëhnd cdkpentd hj nbtrnvostj cdbcnhohj jd gdrbjeostj Jbtóbod Kjtnus, bdYjeêcod Ynstjbj, nk Eosldj, bd jbd hn <99?, jcnssjbhd d leda hd Hn\dsn7

www.KntdhdHn\dsn.dra/leda pdst7

―Nbtrnvostj sdlrn d Kïtdhd Hn\dsn‛

Cdkhdr. Hn\dsn cdk suj wnokjrjbnr Gjyj



OBSX\^XD\NS C\NHNBCOJHDS YNED KÏXDHD Hn\DSN NK XDHD D L\JSOE N BD NVXN\OD\ Ynáj snkprn rnmnrçbcojs hd Obstrutdr pneds bdssds tnenmdbns.

Fê kjos hn =999 obstrutdrns qun mdrjk mdrkjhds pned Knstrn Hn\dsn nk tdhd d Lrjsoe n bdnxtnrodr bds ÷etokds qujsn >9 jbds. Bãd jcnotn j sokpens hncejrjáãd mnotj pdr uk obstrutdr dunstjlnencoknbtd, hn qun nen sngj bdssd rnprnsnbtjbtn, moeojhd du crnhnbcojhd. Kuotj anbtn dhncejrj snk snr. D mjtd hn tnrnk sohd mdrkjhds pdr Hn\dsn bãd soabomocj qun nstngjk moeojhds jdKïtdhd du qun sngjk supnrvosodbjhds pdr nen. Só j supnrvosãd cdbstjbtn, ds nxjkns jbujos hnrnvjeohjáãd n d cdbtrden hn qujeohjhn hd crnhnbcojknbtd pdhnk ajrjbtor d pjhrãd hn nxoaçbcojn sdlronhjhn qun bds cjrjctnrozjk.

J KJOD\ HD K^BHD Bdssj nbtohjhn ï j kjodr rnhn hn nscdejs hnstj trjhoáãd cueturje hd kubhd, cdk cnbtnbjs hnnbtohjhns n jssdcojáþns moeojhjs bd Lrjsoe n bdutrds pjësns hjs Jkïrocjs n Nurdpj. Jpnsjrhossd, cdbtobujkds cdk d knskd zned n jtnbáãd pned jeubd, d qun cdbstotuo d snarnhd hd bdssdsucnssd7 turkjs pnqunbjs, dronbtjáãd pnrsdbjeozjhj n obstrutdrns hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn mdrkjhdsbjs ^bovnrsohjhns Mnhnrjos, Nstjhujos, Cjtóeocjs n bjs knefdrns pjrtocuejrns, snencodbjhdsnbtrn ds qun mdrjk jprdvjhds cdk nxcneçbcoj tïcbocj.

BD NBXJBXD, D KNSX\N Hn\DSN SÓ XNK ^KJ SNHN, BJ JE. GJ×, <999 NK SÃD YJÊD

Envjk d bdkn Hn\dsn js nbtohjhns (nscdejs, b÷cends, jssdcojáþns, nspjáds cueturjos, mnhnrjáþns)qun rncdbfncnk j okpdrtìbcoj hj dlrj hnssn nhucjhdr n qun jcjtjk j kntdhdedaoj pdr nenprdpdstj. Ï cdkd j rnhn kubhoje hn nscdejs Kdbtnssdro. Sãd koefjrns. Bnk pdr ossd jeauïkjcfj qun pnrtnbájk é prdmnssdrj Kjroj Kdbtnssdro. Jpnbjs uk nbhnrnád pnrtnbcn jd KnstrnHn\dsn. Js hnkjos, cjhj quje tnk d snu prdprontêrod, horntdr du prnsohnbtn. Xdhjs hncohorjkjssdcojr-sn pdr ukj qunstãd hn obtnrcìklod cueturje n dutrjs mjcoeohjhns dpnrjcodbjos. Ossd bãdtnk bjhj j vnr cdk mrjbquoj, moeojos, sucursjos du jssnknefjhds.

J EOSXJ HN NBHN\NÁDS

Cnrtjknbtn tnkds ukj nscdej du jssdcojáãd crnhnbcojhj pnrtd hn vdcç. Hnsngjbhd j hornáãdhj kjos próxokj, vosotn d sotn www.KntdhdHn\dsn.dra du nbtrn nk cdbtjtd cdk bdssj Cnbtrjehn Obmdrkjáþns pneds tnenmdbns7 (::) 39=8-3?8? n 396<-8>:8.

Ydr hospdsoáãd nstjtutêroj, só pdhnk snr hovueajhjs cdkd Crnhnbcojhjs js obstotuoáþns qunnstngjk nk hoj cdk snus cdkprdkossds hn qujosqunr bjturnzjs. Sn vdcç sdeocotjr uk nbhnrnádn j Cnbtrje obmdrkjr qun nssj ^bohjhn nstê cdk d ―crnhnbcojknbtd sdl obtnrhoáãd‛, ossd soabomocjqun nej hnoxdu hn sjtosmjznr j jeauk rnquosotd hd bdssd nxoanbtn cdbtrden hn qujeohjhn. Cdbtuhd,nssn nbhnrnád pdhnrê cdbstjr bd sotn , bj rnejáãd hn obstrutdrns bãd moeojhds du bj hn obstrutdrnshn dutrjs eobfjs cdbcdrrnbtns.

Cjsd vdcç tnbfj obtnrnssn nk tdrbjr-sn obstrutdr hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn n/du rnprnsnbtê-ed bj sujcohjhn, pnaun d tnenmdbn n nbtrn nk cdbtjtd cdbdscd jadrj knskd. Ï okpdrtjbtn mjznr-bdssjlnr qun hnsngj trjljefjr cdbdscd n nxpjbhor nssj Cueturj pned bdssd pjës n pned kubhd.Cdbtn cdk bdssj obstotuoáãd. Zunrnkds jguhjr vdcç.



OBSX\^XD\NS C\NHNBCOJHDS NMNXO]DS Hospdkds hn cnbtnbjs hn Obstrutdrns Crnhnbcojhds nk tdhd d Lrjsoe, Jranbtobj,Cfoen, Ydrtuaje, Nspjbfj, Mrjbáj, Otêeoj, Obaejtnrrj, Jenkjbfj n Nstjhds ^bohds.Hnsngjbhd d nbhnrnád hj ^bohjhn kjos próxokj, vosotn d sotn www.KntdhdHn\dsn.dra du nbtrn nk cdbtjtd cdk bdssj Cnbtrje hn Obmdrkjáþns bds tnenmdbns7 (::) 39=8-3?8? n 396<-8>:8.

MJCOEOHJHN JDS BDSSDS JE^BDS7 Sn vdcç nstovnr obscrotd nk qujequnr ukj hjs^bohjhns Crnhnbcojhjs, tnrê d hornotd hn mrnqunbtjr arjtuotjknbtn tdhjs jshnkjos qujbhd nk vojank hnbtrd hd Lrjsoe n jeaukjs bd nxtnrodr, hnshn quncdkprdvn nstjr nk hoj cdk j suj ^bohjhn hn droank n jprnsnbtn d pjssjpdrtnhd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn jcdkpjbfjhd hds hdcuknbtds sdeocotjhds (cdbvnboçbcojnstj sugnotj é hospdboloeohjhn hn vjaj).

SÃD YJÊD – JE. GJ×, <999 – XNE. (99 >> ::) 396:-?6<: N 3966-?8?:.

\OD HN GJBNO\D – \. HOJS MN\\NO\J, <>?, CDLN\X^\J – XNE. (99 >> <:) <<>?-6<83.Ds hnkjos nbhnrnáds jtujeozjhds vdcç nbcdbtrj bd bdssd wnlsotn .

D sotn rnmnrçbcoj hj Bdssj Cueturj

www.KntdhdHn\dsn.draNbtrn bd sotn n jssostj arjtuotjknbtn j kjos hn =9 juejs hd Knstrn Hn\dsnsdlrn7 droanbs hj bdssj trjhoáãd cueturje, knhotjáãd, kjbtrj, sìbscrotd, jeoknb-

tjáãd lodeóaocj, `jrkj n hfjrkj, cfj`rjs, ùbhjeobë, cdrpds hd fdknk n pejbdshd ubovnrsd, j rnejáãd Knstrn/hoscëpued bj trjhoáãd dronbtje, fobhuëskd n nscroturjsfobhus, n dutrjs hnznbjs hn jssubtds obtnrnssjbtns.

Mjáj hdwbedjh arjtuotd hn vêrods eovrds hd Knstrn Hn\dsn, lnk cdkd CHs cdkjuejs prêtocjs hn SwêStfyj, rnejxjknbtd, knhotjáãd, kjbtrjs, knbsjanbs ntc.,jeïk hn jcnssjr ds nbhnrnáds hn cnbtnbjs hn obstrutdrns hn hovnrsjs eobfjscdbcdrrnbtns.

N, sn adstjr, rncdknbhn bdssd sotn jds snus jkoads!



www.KntdhdHn\dsn.dra

D sotn rnmnrçbcoj hj Bdssj Cueturj

D wnlsotn hd Kïtdhd Hn\dsn bãd vnbhn bjhj. Kjs cdbtïk ukjqujbtohjhn obokjaobêvne hn obmdrkjáþns n obstruáþns sdlrn cdbcnotds ntïcbocjs droubhjs hn trjhoáþns cueturjos kuotd jbtoajs.

D sotn pnrkotn hdwbedjhs arjtuotds hn hovnrsds eovrds nk pdrtuauçs nvêrods nk nspjbfde (lrnvnknbtn, nk obaeçs, mrjbcçs, otjeojbd n jenkãd),

KY3 hn hovnrsds CHs cdk juejs prêtocjs hn SwêStfyj nk pdrtuauçs nnspjbfde, rnprdarjkjáãd nkdcodbje, knhotjáãd, kjbtrjs, k÷socj, knb-sjanbs ntc.

Hospdboloeozjkds kjos hn =9 juejs arjvjhjs pned Knstrn Hn\dsn,pdssoloeotjbhd j obtnrjáãd cdk nstuhjbtns hn tdhd d Lrjsoe n hn tdhd dkubhd. Xuhd snk øbus jeauk. Ï d ÷bocd sotn hn moedsdmoj n cueturj cdknssjs cjrjctnrëstocjs.

Hovueajkds arjtuotjknbtn ds nbhnrnáds hn cnbtnbjs hn obstrutdrns hn tdhjs js kdhjeohjhns cdbcdrrnbtns. Sn vdcç mdr obstrutdr n d snu

nbhnrnád bãd nstovnr eê, qunorj obsnro-ed cdk js mnrrjknbtjs hd próprodsotn du nbtrjr nk cdbtjtd tnenmøbocd cdk j Jhkobostrjáãd Cnbtrje (::)39=8-3?8? n 396<-8>:8.

Jcrnhotjkds qun nssn sotn lrjsoenord sngj d kjodr sotn hnssj trjhoáãdcueturje hd kubhd, cdbsohnrjbhd d cdbtn÷hd hds eovrds, mdtds, juejs nCHs qun pdhnk snr ljoxjhds snk custd pjrj d usuêrod. Jeïk hossd, nstêhospdbëvne uk mjrtd kjtnroje (cnrcj hn >9 pêaobjs!) kuotd lnk cejssomocjhd,nspncojeknbtn pjrj mjcoeotjr d trjljefd hn gdrbjeostjs qun tnbfjk jeaukjpjutj rnejcodbjhj cdk d tnkj.

Bãd jlrokds cdbcnssãd jds kdhoskds nstnrndtopjhds, bnk ésobvnbcodbocns cdknrcojos, bnk jd cdkpdrtjknbtd qunstodbêvne hn vnbhnrlnbnmëcods, tnrjpojs du kostocoskds. D bdssd trjljefd ï sïrod n d mdcd ï jqujeohjhn hn vohj, pdr knod hn ukj moedsdmoj hn jutdcdbfncoknbtd n jmdrkjáãd prdmossodbjeozjbtn hn ldbs obstrutdrns qun tnbfjk nssj knskjvosãd.

Bdssj Guroshoáãd jtujeknbtn cdkprnnbhn Lrjsoe, Jranbtobj, Cfoen,Ydrtuaje, Nspjbfj, Mrjbáj, Obaejtnrrj, Jenkjbfj, Otêeoj n Nstjhds ^bohds.

Nk nxpnroçbcoj7 Justrêeoj, Lïeaocj, Fjvjë n Obhdbïsoj. Sdl prnvosãd7Fdejbhj, Nscócoj n Bdvj Wneìbhoj.



Z^JBHD Ï Y\NCOSD SN\ MD\XN J J^XDLODA\JMOJ HD KNSX\N Hn\DSN

Nk sujs >3? pêaobjs, nstn eovrd obstruo n hostrjo cdk uk rnmobjhd snbsd hn fukdr, hnscrnvnbhd hn kjbnorj okpncêvne js ldjs

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