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Polarisation and Radicalisation

Action Plan 2007 – 2011





1. Societal problems

Polarisationandradicalisationappeartobe

increasinginscope,speedandintensityinthe

Netherlands.1TheDutchIntelligenceService,the

AIVD,formulateditasfollowsinits2005annual

report:‘ThebiggestthreattotheDutchdemocratic

orderiscurrentlytheexistenceofawidesocio-polit-

icalproblemwhere,inanatmosphereoffrustration

abouttheDutch‘multicultural’society,inter-ethnic

confrontationsarebeenprovokedbothonthepart

oftheindigenouspopulationandethnicminorities.

Persistentinter-ethnicconfrontationscanthreaten

cohesioninDutchsocietyinthelongterm’.

TheAIVD2006annualreportpaysparticularatten-

tiontotheincreaseinIslamicradicalisation:‘The

radicalisationprocessamongimmigrantyouthsisbecomingstronger.TheSala2movementinthe

Netherlandsisanimportantdrivingforceinthis

respect.Althoughitdoesnotinciteviolence,itdoes

preachananti-integrativeandintolerantmessage.

Inordertopreventafurtherincreaseinradicalisa-

tion,botharepressiveandapreventativeapproach

isnecessary.Thisbroadapproachmustprovidea

counter-voice,takingthewindoutofthesailsof

radicalmovements.’

Thecabinetviewspolarisationandradicalisationasbroadsocialproblemsthatneedtobeprevented

andcurtailed.Polarisationandradicalisationcan

threatensocialcohesionandsolidarityinsociety.

Individualsandgroupsseekoutconfrontation,turn

awayfromsocietyandriskbecomingisolated.Ifa

radicalisationprocessisnotdeectedorcurbed,

1

– TheRaceDiscriminationMonitor

2005oftheNationalBureautoCombatRaceDiscrimination

reportsthatseveralthousand

racially-motivatedincidentstake

placeeveryyear;

– RecentresearchbytheUniversity

ofAmsterdam(Instituteof

MigrationandEthnicStudies)

showsthatapprox.2%ofthe

MuslimsinAmsterdamare

susceptibletoradicalisation.

– Ontheinternet,thereisan

increasingnumberofsitesand

chatroomswhereradicalscanhave

contactwitheachotherorobtaininformation,accordingtothe

seventhRacism&Extremism

MonitoroftheUniversityof

Leiden/AnneFrankStichting

(2006).

– CadatandEngbersen(NIZW,

2006)havenoted‘agrowing

problemofclashesbetween

extreme-right'Lonsdale'youths

andethnicminorities’.TheRacism

andExtremismMonitor(Van

Donselaar,Rodrigues,2006)

conrmsthispicture.

2

Salasm:Abroadideological

movementwithinIslamthatseeks

toreturntothe‘pureIslam’fromthe

timeoftheProphet.Oftenconserva-

tiveandultra-orthodox.

intheworstcasescenariothereistheriskthata

personorgroupwilluseviolenceandcommita

(terrorist)attack.Thisproblemwillbeapproached

inacombinedeffort.

Thecabinetasksusalltoworktogetheronrespect

andsolidarityinoursociety,takingaccountofeach

otherandrespectingeveryonesoptionsandtalents.

Weneedtocreatelong-termbonds.Asocietyin

whichthegovernmentestablishesclearlimits

regardingwhatisandwhatisnotpermissible.3This

includesattentiontopreventionandrepression.

Theactionplanhasbeenwritteninthisspirit.4

2. Denition and demarcation

Polarisationisthesharpeningofdifferences

betweengroupsinsocietywhichcanresultintensionsbetweenthesegroupsandanincreasein

segregationalongethnicandreligiouslines.

Radicalisationisthewillingnesstostrivefor

far-reachingchangesinsociety(possiblyinan

undemocraticmanner),tosupportsuchchanges

orpersuadeotherstoacceptthem.Far-reaching

changesaredevelopmentswhichcanresultina

risktothedemocraticlegalorder(goal),oftenwith

undemocraticmethods(means),whicharedetri-

mentaltothefunctioningofthedemocraticlegalorder(effect).5

Islamicradicalisationandright-wingextremistradi-

calisationformthegreatestsocialthreatcurrently

facingtheNetherlands.Thisactionplanfocuses

onthatthreat.Otherformsofradicalisationinthe

3

CoalitionagreementCDA,PvdA,

ChristenUnie,7February2007,p.3.

4

Thespiritandelaborationofthis

actionplanisbasedonthecoalition

agreementandontheacquired

knowledgeandexperiencewith

regardtothisleaswordedinthe

reportsandparliamentarydocuments

referredtobelow:

ParliamentaryDocument2004–2005

29754no.4Paper'FromDawato

Jihad'.


29754no.26Paper‘Radicalismand

Radicalisation'.

ParliamentaryDocument2004-2005

29754no.27Paper'Resilienceand

IntegrationPolicy'.


29754no.30Paper‘LocalandJustice

Departmentapproachtoradicalismandradicalisation’.

ParliamentaryDocuments2004–

200629754nos.5,24,60,73,94

Progressreportsoncombating

terrorism.

WetenschappelijkeRaadvoorhet

Regeringsbeleid,reportno.73:

’ReportingDynamicsinIslamicactiv-



Netherlandsincludeanimalrightsactivism6and

extremeleft/anti-globalists.

3. Goals of the action plan

Theactionplanhasthefollowinggoals:

–Thepreventionof(further)processesofisola-

tion,polarisationandradicalisationbythe(re-)

inclusionofpeoplewhoareatriskofslipping

awayorturningawayfromDutchsocietyandthe

democraticlegalorder.Thisincludessuchthings

as,inparticularinclusionthrougheducation,

traineeshipsandwork.(prevention)

–Theearlysignallingoftheseprocessesbyadmin-

istratorsandprofessionalsandthedevelopment

ofanadequateapproach.(pro-action)

–Theexclusionofpeoplewhohavecrossedclearboundariesandseeingtoitthattheirinuence

onothersislimitedasmuchaspossible.(repres-

sion)

Theapproachatlocal,nationalandinternational

levelisdescribedinChapter5.

Progresswillbemonitoredbymeansofperiodic

measurements.Polarisationandradicalisation

arenoteasytomeasure,butitispossible.The

measurementswilltakeplaceattwolevels:thede

factosituationandtheperceivedsituation.

InSeptember2007,inconsultationwithresearch

expertsinthisarea,theexactsetofindicatorswill

beestablishedonthebasisofwhichthemeasure-

mentsaretotakeplace.Aspecialpointofthis

setofindicatorsisthefactthatusewillbemade

ism.Startingpointsfordemocratisa-

tionandhumanrights(2006)’and

exploratorypaperno.13:'Beliefin

thepublicdomain:explorationsofa

doubletransformation(2006)’.

5

SeealsotheAIVDdenitionof

radicalism:‘the(active)strivingfor

and/orsupportingoffar-reaching

changesinsociety,whichcanentaila

riskfor(thecontinuedexistenceof)

thedemocraticlegalorder(goal),

possiblybymeansofapplying

undemocraticmethods(means),

whichcouldbedetrimentaltothe

functioningofthedemocraticorder

(effect)’(AIVDreportFromDawato

Jihad,p.15).

6

InJune2007theSecondChamber

oftheDutchParliamentwillreceive

aseparateletterbytheMinistersof

theInteriorandKingdomRelations

andJusticeintheNetherlandsonthe

specicapproachtoanimalrights

extremism,inwhichthecoopera-

tionwiththeUnitedKingdominthe

areaofanimalrightsextremismin

described.



ofsourcesfromthevariousrelevantministries,

municipalities,operationalservicesandrelevant

inspectionservicesthathadnotbeenbundledin

thisformbefore.Themeasurementwillbebased

onexistingsourcesasmuchaspossible.7

Azero-measurementwiltakeplaceinOctober

2007,makingitpossibletodeterminethetarget

gureforthereductionofpolarisationandradi-

calisationduringthiscabinetperiod.TheMinister

ofForeignAffairsreportsontheprogressannu-

ally,partlyonbehalfoftheotherrelevantcabinet

members.

4. Who is susceptible to polarisation

and radicalisation?Thepeoplewhoaresusceptibletopolarisation

andradicalisationareprimarilyyouths(generally

youngerthan30)whoarelookingfortheiridentity

orcalling.Theyareusuallymen,butthenumberof

womenisincreasing,bothinanideologicallysup-

portiveroleandasanactiveparticipant.

Islamicradicalisationgenerallyoccursamong

youngpeoplelookingformeaning(religious/

ideologicaldimension)orseekingtoestablisha

bondandgainrecognitionwithinthegroup(social-culturaldimension).Athirdimportantdimension

isthepoliticaldimension,basedontheperception

ofinjusticevis-à-visthemselvesorvis-à-visother

Muslimsathomeandabroad.Thisrelatestoboth

youngpeoplewhohavebeenMuslimssincebirth,

and(ethnicminority)converts.

7

Thinkofthenumberofreportsof

inter-ethnicincidentstotheeducation

inspectorate,reportsofdiscrimina-

tiontothepoliceandthediscrimina-

tionreportingcentre,percentage

ofschooldrop-outs,thepositionof

youngpeopleonthelabourmarket,

etc.Itwillbeanextensivesetof

indicators,wherebyasmuchuse

aspossiblewillbemadeofexisting

sources.Thesetofindicatorsalso

alignswiththeindicatorswhichthe

NationalSecurityProgramme(Minis-

tryofForeignAffairs)applieswiththe

half-yearlyhorizonscan‘polarisa-

tionandradicalisation’andwiththe

knowledgeandinformationinthe

areaofradicalisationintheTerrorism

ThreatAnalysisintheNetherlands

(DTN)oftheNCTb.



11

Right-wingextremistradicalisationoftenoccurs

amongyoungpeoplewhofeelfrustratedaboutthe

‘multicultural’society,whichtheyviewasthecause

ofunemploymentorhousingshortages(social-

culturalandpolitical-activistdimension).These

youngpeopleareusuallyadherentsofnationalist

ideas,sometimespoliticallyactive.Thereligious/

ideologicaldimensionplaysvirtuallynoroleinthe

caseofright-wingextremistradicalisation.8

5. Approach

5.0 Three-track approach with primacy in

the hands of the local administration

Tacklingpolarisationandradicalisationisprimarilyamatterforthelocalgovernmentandmunicipali-

ties.Actionsatthislocallevelshouldbeaimed

atprevention,signallingandintervention.These

actionsshouldbeperformedtogetherwithprofes-

sionalssuchasneighbourhoodpoliceofcers,

youthworkers,teachers,CWIemployees,truancy

ofcersandbeembeddedinthelocal(security)

policy.

Inadditionitisimportanttodeploygeneraland

specicpoliciesat national levelwhichsupports

andfacilitatethislocalapproach.Thethirdtrackrelatestothecooperationat inter-

national levelwiththereductionofpolarisationand

radicalisation(insideandoutsideoftheEU)and

thealignmentwithforeignpolicy.

8

Recentresearch,“Proudofthe

Netherlands’bythePoliceAcademy

(2007),showsthatitisimportantnot

toimmediatelylabelthe"Londsdale"

youthsasright-wingextremists.“By

viewingtheLonsdaleissueassolely

anuisanceandcriminalityproblem

thereistheriskoftrivialisation,butby

viewingtheproblemasbydenitionbeingright-wingradicalism,over-esti-

mationisalsoarisk.”



12 1

5.1 Further elaboration of local approach

Theproposedlocalapproachconsistsofgiving

neighbourhoodsorplaceswheresignalsof

polarisationorradicalisationarevisibleanareaor

neighbourhood-orientedtreatmentwhichconsists

ofacombinationof‘soft’and‘hard’.Thelocal

governmentassumesthedirectiveroleinthis

process.

‘Soft’canincludetheorganisationofmeetingsand

debates,promotionofdiscussionaboutand

introductiontovariousideologies,creationof

traineeshipsorworkplaces,speciclabourmarket

supervisionforhigh-riskgroupsandmonitoring

schooldrop-outs.

‘Hard’can,forexample,consistofenforcing

compulsoryschoolattendance/aclearapproach

totacklingtruancy,agreeingandenforcingconduct

rules,moresupervisiononthestreet,perhapsthe

settingupa'neighbourhoodboardingschool'

whereparentscanenroltheirchildrenona

voluntarybasis,inspectionofsocialsecurityanda

zero-tolerancepolicywithregardtodiscrimination.

Local approach working method

InclosecooperationwiththeAssociationofNeth-erlandsMunicipalities(VNG),thenationalgovern-

mentwillcarryoutascantoidentifytheareasor

neighbourhoodsintheNetherlandswherethereare

signsofpolarisationand/orradicalisation.910

Thesemunicipalitiescanthenprepareamore

9

Whenselectingthe40neighbour-

hoodstheMinisterofLiving

Environment,Neighbourhoodsand

Integration(WWI)madeuseofsocial-

economicandphysicalindicators.

Fromtheperspectiveofpolarisation

detailedanalysis,makinguseoftheknowledge

ofteachers,neighbourhoodpoliceofcers,youth

workers,etc.,inthemunicipality/neighbour-

hood.Theresultsofthisanalysiscanleadtoan

actionplangearedtothespeciclocalsituation

(tailor-made).Thenationalgovernmentsupports

themunicipalities–uponrequest–whenprepar-

ingthisdetailedanalysisandtheplanofapproach,

primarilywithknowledgeandmakingbestpractices

available.Thecostsfortheimplementationofthe

approachwillbebasedonasystemofco-nancing.

Allrelevantexperiencesandresources(products)

whichresultfromthisapproacharealsoavailable

forallothermunicipalitiesinaknowledgedata-

basetobemanagedtogetherbytheVNGandthe

nationalgovernment.Incaseofspecicissuesat

locallevelitispossibletoconsultthisknowledge

centrefortailor-madeadvice(consultant/advisory

functionoftheknowledgecentre).Theintentionis

toplacetheknowledgecentreunderoneoftheex-

istingknowledgenetworksandinformationcentres.

5.2 General and specic policy at

national level

Theprimacyofthelocalgovernmentdoesnot

detractfromthefactthatitisalsoimportanttoes-tablishageneralandspecicpolicyat national level

.Theimplementationofaneffectivepolicyrelating

tothepreventionandcombatingofpolarisation

andradicalisationtouchesonmanypolicyareas:

employment,education,safety,integration,eman-

cipation,healthcare,housing,youthpolicy,foreign

andradicalisationitisimportantthat

theMinisterofWWIhasinvolvedthe

followingindicatorsinherselec-

tion:income,work,education,social

nuisanceandperceivedsafety.This

entailsthattherecanbesomeoverlap

betweentheselectedneighbourhoods

fromtheperspectiveofWWIandtheneighbourhoodsthatrequirespecial

attentionfromtheperspectiveof

polarisationandradicalisation.When

specicneighbourhoods/areas

coincide,onthebasisofthepolarisa-

tionandradicalisationscan,withthe

neighbourhoodswhichtheMinister

ofWWIcountsamongherneighbour-

hoodsforattention,cooperationand

alignmentwillimmediatelybesought

withthefurtherapproach.However,it

isamisconceptionthatrisingpolari-

sationandradicalisationoccuronlyin

theunderprivilegedneighbourhoods.

10

ThemunicipalitiesofRotterdamand

Amsterdamareaddingtheirown

expertisetosettingupandexecuting

thescan.





16 1

policy,etc.Althoughthesepolicyareasnaturally

havetheirowngoals,theymakeanimportant

contributiontothepreventionandcurbingof

polarisationandradicalisation.

BesidestheVNGandvariousmunicipalities,eight

cabinetmembersareinvolvedinthiscabinet-wide

ActionPlan:theMinistersoftheInterior(BZK),

Justice,theLivingEnvironment,Neighbourhoods

andIntegration(WWI),SocialAffairsandEmploy-

ment(SZW),PublicHealth,WelfareandSport

(VWS),YouthandFamily,Education,Culture

andScience(OCW)andForeignAffairs(BZ).All

relevantcabinetmembershaveshownthatthey

arewillingtoworktogetherandimplementthis

actionplanjointly(integratedapproachatnational

governmentlevel).

TheNationalSecurityStrategyhasbeendeveloped

paralleltothepolarisationandradicalisationaction

plan.ThisstrategywassenttotheSecondChamber

ofParliamentinApril2007.PartoftheNational

SecurityWorkProgrammerelatestotheprepara-

tionofthreatanalysesandariskevaluationof

polarisationandradicalisationintheNetherlands.

Thepersonsdirectlyinvolvedwiththepolarisation

andradicalisationactionplanandtheNationalSecurityProgrammeworktogethercloselyand

makeuseofeachother'sinformation.Forexample,

themonitorwillmakeuseoftheindicatorsand

guresthatareappliedalsobytheNational

SecurityProgramme.

5.2.1 General policy at national level

Thegeneralpolicyatnationallevelfocusesona

regularpolicywhichisnotspecicallygearedto

thereductionofpolarisationandradicalisation,

butdoesmakeanimportantcontributioninthis

respectbyremovingpossiblebreedinggroundsof

polarisationandradicalisation.Theresponsibility

fortheseareasforattentionlieswiththeresponsi-

bledepartments.

Thinkofsuchtopicsas:

–Specialattentionforpromotinglong-termpar-

ticipationofyouthsonthelabourmarket.This

startsbyprovidingagoodalignmentbetween

educationandthelabourmarket,providingsuit-

abletraineeshipsforyouthsandextrasupervi-

sionofyouthswhoareatriskofdroppingoutof

vocationaleducation(includepeopleinsociety

througheducation,traineeshipsandwork).

–Counteractingearlyschooldrop-outandbetter

alignmenteducation–labourmarket.

–Promotingeconomic,socialandpoliticalpartici-

pationofyoungpeople.

–Housingpolicyforyoungpeople.

–Citizenshipandsocialintegrationasthecore

goalineducation.

–Child-rearingsupport,gearedtogoodintegrationofyoungpeopleintoDutchsociety.

–Combatingcriminalityamongyoungpeopleand

tacklingyouthproblems.

–Combatingdiscrimination.

–Promotingintegration,participationandmutual

acceptance.

–Emancipation.



1

5.2.2 Specic policy at national level

Thespecicpolicyatnationallevelisgearedto

preventing,impedingandcombatingpolarisation

andradicalisation.Thespecicpolicyfocuseson

facilitatingthelocalapproachasbestaspossible

andonpolicythatreallyhastobeimplementedonanationallevelintheframeworkofthereduction

ofpolarisationandradicalisation(usuallyonthe

requestofmunicipalities).

Incloseconsultationandontherequestofthe

municipalitiesinvolvedinpreparingthisaction

plan,thefollowingpolicylineshavebeendened

wherebythenationallevelcansupportthelocal

approach:

–Increasingresilienceandabondwithsocietyof

individualsandgroupswhoaresusceptibleto

polarisationandradicalisation,andtheirenviron-

ment(parents/educators,etc.).

–Increasingcompetenciesofthelocalgovern-

mentandprofessionalsthatfrequentlyworkwith

youthsandyouthgroups.

–Earlyisolation,containmentandreversal

ofextremetendenciesofpolarisationand

radicalisation.

Furtherelaborationofthesethreepolicypointsissetoutbelow.Inrecenttimesastarthasbeen

madewithcounteractingradicalisation.Nowthis

isexplicitlybeingsupplementedwiththewishto

tacklepolarisationinastructuralmanner.Itis

importantduringimplementationtocontinually

searchforakeenbalancebetweenpreventionand



21

repression.Theexactinputandprioritisationfor

eachofthesepolicypointsfromtheministries

directlyinvolvedwillberecordedannuallyinan

operationalyearplan.

1Increasing resilience and the bond with society for

individuals and groups who may be susceptible to

polarisation and radicalisation and their environ-

ment

Inordertopreventpolarisationandradicalisation,

itisnecessarytorecognisethefactorsthatcan

haveacatalysingeffectonaradicalisationprocess

whichayoungpersongoesthroughorwhich

persuadesothersto(tacitly)supportyouthsinthis

respect.Thisconcernsofferingpeopletheopportu-

nitytofullyparticipateinDutchsociety.Besides

removingthebreedinggroundsitisimportantthat

citizensacceptthattheNetherlandsisanopen,

pluralisticsocietywherevariousrelationshipsand

lifestylesexistsidebyside.Respectforand

appreciationofdemocracyandthedemocratic

stateandloyaltytocorevaluesareconcomitant

features.



22

Actions

–Promotetheknowledgeandskillsofdemocratic

citizenshipamongyouthswhoareattractedto

right-wingextremismorIslamicradicalisation.

–Involveparentsviaeducation,citizenship/inte-

grationprojectsandchild-rearingsupportinthesocialisationanddevelopmentoftheirchildren.

Teachparentstodialoguewithchildrenwhoare

attractedbyradicalviews.11

–Reinforcethetieswhichbindyouthstosociety

througheducation,traineeshipsandwork.

–Promoteknowledgeofyouthsingeneralabout

variousculturesandtheirsimilarities,theprinci-

plesofthedemocraticstate,ourforeignpolicy,

religionsandtheirjoint,recenthistory(through

educationandsocialstudies).12

–Stimulatemultiformrangeof(non-extremist)

interpretationsofIslam(viaeducation,media

andtheInternet).

–FamiliariseimmigrantswiththeDutchdemocrat-

iclegalorderandsociety,includingincreasing

theknowledgeamongindigenousDutchcitizens

aboutthereligionandcultureof‘newDutch

citizens'.

–Makeandmaintaincontactswithkeyguresand

Muslimorganisationsinordertojointlyincrease

resilience.–Takeaclearnationalstanceandofferaretortto

radicalexpressionsinsocietywhichmaybea

breedinggroundforpolarisationorevenradicali-

sation.

11

Thisisaspecicaspectforwhich

specialattentionwasrequested

duringtheworkvisitofMinister

TerHorsttotheSlotervaartneigh-

bourhoodon16April2007.

12

Withintheintegrationpolicy,the

MinisterofWWIintendstopay

specialattentiontotheintercultural

dialogue.



2 2

2

Increase competencies of the local government and

professionals who frequently work with youths and

youth groups

Inordertobeabletotaketimelyactionitisim-portantthatthe‘eyesandears’ofthelocalgovern-

mentandprofessionalswhofrequentlyworkwith

youngpeople(likethepolice,youthworkers,etc.)

areopentothesignalsofpolarisationandradicali-

sation.Thinkofsuchthingsaseducation,where

teachersindicatethattheyareincreasinglybeing

confrontedwithradicalexpressionsandtendencies

ofisolationwithintheirowncircle.Itoftenturns

outtobedifculttoproperlypickupthesignals

andtoensurethatthereisanadequateresponse.

Thatiswhyitisimportantthattherelevantprofes-

siongroupsaresufciently‘culturallycompetent’

andknowtheyaresupportedtoactuallyrealisein-

terventions(onasmallscale).Finally,agreements

arenecessaryregardingthepassingonofsignals

thatindicatefarther-reachingradicalisation.

Anumberofactionshavebeenstartedupinthis

area.Assistancefortacklingpolarisationandradi-

calisationisavailabletolocalgovernmentsand

professionals.Neighbourhoodofcershaveunder-gonebasictraining.Followingontoandsupple-

mentarytotheseactivitiesitisimportanttokeep

investinginincreasingthecompetenciesoflocal

governmentsandprofessionalswhofrequently

workwithyouthsandyouthgroups.

Actions

–Developtools/methodstoofferaretorttoradical

expressionsforadministrators,teachers,police

andyouthworkers.Encourageongoingdiscus-

sionwithpeoplewhopresentradicalideasand

clearlysetouttheboundariesofademocraticsociety.

–Vision-formingonspecicissuesrelatedto

polarisationandradicalisation.Example:How

canthenationalgovernmentandmunicipalities

cooperatewithsocialandreligiousorganisations

withoutinfringingtheseparationofchurchand

stateintheNetherlands?

–Deploymentofteamsofexperts,imamsand

Islamicscholarswhoprovidesupportindealing

withincreasingpolarisationand/orradicalisation.

–Organiseregionalplatformswhereadministra-

torsandprofessionalscanexchangeinformation

andobtainknowledge.

–Organisetrainingcoursesandworkshopsfor

professionals.

3

Early isolation, containment and reversal of polarisa-

tion and radicalisation

Incaseof(acontributionto)far-reachingradicali-sation,whichinthemostextremecasecouldresult

inviolenceand/orterrorism-relatedactivities,

actionmustbetakentopreventfar-reaching

consequences.Thisactioncanbedescribedasthe

isolationorcontainmentoftheradicalisedperson

ororganisation.Persituationitwillbereviewed



26 2

whatthebestapproachappearstobe,depending

onthestageoftheradicalisationprocess.Where

necessaryandpossible(penal)actionwillbetaken.

Actions

–Counteractdisseminationofhighlypolarisingandradicalviewsviatelevision,CD-roms,reading

materialandontheinternet.

–Counteracthate-incitingandradicalmessages

in,amongotherplaces,prayerhouses,prisons,

schoolsandyouthcentres.

–Tackle(thenancialorverbalsupportfor)radical

networks.

–Continuetotackleradicalisationhearthsandthe

individual-orientedapproach.

–Tackledisseminationofradicalexpressions

(usuallyinitiatedfromtheradicalisationhearths)

togetherwithlocaladministration.

–De-radicalisationprocesses,e.g.bymeansof

specicinterventionsinprisonsandinrehabilita-

tionprojects.

5.3 Cooperation at international level and

foreign policy

5.3.1 Cooperation at international level

ThesituationintheNetherlandsdoesnotstand

alone.Othercountriesalsohavetodealwithanincreaseinpolarisationandradicalisation.How-

ever,theformsofradicalisationvaryfromcountry

tocountry.Forexample,Englandhasatraditionin

theareaofanimalrightsextremism.Germanyhas

moreexperiencewithtacklingright-wingextremism

andextremeexpressionsofanti-globalism.

In2005,theEuropeanUnionadoptedtheEU

radicalisationandrecruitmentactionplan.The

Netherlandsisplayinganactiveroleintheimple-

mentation.Thisincludessuchthingsasknowledge

exchangeandsharinggoodexperienceinEUcon-

text.AtpresenttheCouncilofEuropeisspecically

interestedintheinterventionoptionsintheareaof

polarisationandradicalisation(bestpractices).

TheBeneluxcountriesareworkingtogetheronthe

reductionof(inparticular)radicalisationthrough

cooperationintheeldofscienticresearch,the

stimulationofamultiformrangeoftopicsrelating

toIslamontheInternetandestablishingexchangeprogrammesbetweenprofessionals(learningfrom

eachother'sexperiencesandapproaches).13

Inaddition,theNetherlandsworkstogetherwitha

fewspeciccountrieswheretheproblemsofpolari-

sationandradicalisationoccuronasimilarscale.

13

VanSenningenMemorandum,Action

Plan2007,hasnotyetbeenformally

adopted(negotiationsstillongoing).



2 29

TheNetherlandsmaintainsbilateralcontactswith

theUnitedKingdom,Denmark,France,theUnited

StatesandCanadainthisarea.

Itisnoteworthythatinternationalattentionprima-

rilyfocusesonpreventionofandinterventionintheeventofradicalisation.TheNetherlandspaysmore

attentiontocounter-actingpolarisationthanother

countries.Internationallythereismuchinterestfor

thelocalapproachfavouredbytheNetherlands.

5.3.2 Foreign policy

Theproblemsrelatingtoradicalisationshowus

thatdevelopmentsabroadcanhaveaneffecton

safetyintheNetherlands.14Personalcontactsand

communicationwiththemedia,includingthe

Internet,willcreateanincreasingsenseofcohe-

sion.Thepolicyforthereductionofpolarisation

andradicalisationwillthereforebecloselyaligned

withtheeffortsinthisareafromtheMinistryof

ForeignAffairs.15

14

ThinkofdevelopmentsintheIsraeli/

Palestinianissue,butalsotheless

self-evidentdevelopmentsabroad

suchastheinammatorycartoonsin

Denmark.

15

SeealsoParliamentaryDocument

2006-200730800no.5Vander

LaanMotionrelatingtothebreeding

groundsforterrorism.

16

Thisnancingdoesnotincludecosts

forrecruitingspeciccivilservantsfor

thistopicatmunicipallevel,butthink

ofco-nancingforpreparingaplanof

approach,forspecictraining,forthe

structureofspecicprojects,etc.

6. Costs and nancing

Thecostsofthelocalapproach,ofthespecic

policyatnationallevelandofcooperationat

internationallevelaretobenancedfromthepillar

fundsintheCoalitionAgreementforsafety,stability

andrespect(pillar5).Thisisabudgetof28millionfortheperiod2007-2011.

Activity

ScanandmonitorSeeunder3

Riskareaapproach

(conancing)16

Seeunder5.1

Expertisefunction

(knowledgecenterand

informationfunctieon)Seeunder5.1

SpecicInstruments/

nationalandinternational

niveauSeeunder5.2.2and5.3

Total

2011

0,2

4

0,8

1

6

2010

0,2

4

0,8

1

6

2009

0,2

4

0,8

1

6

2008

1

5

2

2

10



Colofon

UitgavevanhetMinisterievanBinnenlandseZaken

enKoninkrijksrelaties

Vormgeving:TotalIdentity,Amsterdam