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DNV GL © 2016 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER DNV GL © 2016
ENERGY
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ENERGY
Mini seminar Energieopslag Zonder energieopslag is transitie van fossiele - naar duurzame energie niet mogelijk
DNV GL © 2016
DNV GL – Global Leaders in Energy Storage Advisory Services
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Energy Oil & Gas Software Business
Assurance Maritime
Storage
Applications
Access to Global
Storage Experts
Leverage Experience
from multiple sectors
Example projects
across the entire value
chain
DNV GL © 2016
Content
Global status of energy storage realisation
Developments in the Netherlands
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2
Lessons learned and best practices 3
Key take-aways 4
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DNV GL © 2016
Centralised and decentralised energy systems develop in parallel
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DNV GL © 2016 5
DNV GL © 2016 6
DNV GL © 2016
Future Energy Storage Requirements
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DNV GL © 2016
Storage technologies – high power and high energy options
High-Energy
High Power
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Energy/power ratio ≥ 1 hour
Energy/power ratio < 1 hour
High energy
High power
Pumped storage
Compressed air energy storage
Sodium sulfur (NaS) battery
Vanadium redo x battery
Advanced lead acid batteries
Zinc bromine flow battery
Sodium nickel chloride battery
Li-ion – high energy
Li-ion – high power
Flywheels
Double layer capacitors (supercapacitors)
DNV GL © 2016
Storage Technologies
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Du
rati
on
an
d f
req
uen
cy o
f
po
wer s
up
ply
"Seconds to minutes“
Short term energy storage
systems
E2P ratio: 0,25h
Batteries
Supercapacitors
Flywheels
"Daily storage“
Medium term energy storage
systems
E2P ratio: 1 - 10h
Batteries
Pumped hydropower
storage
CAES / LAES
Thermochemical
Redox Flow
"Weekly to monthly“
Long term energy storage
E2P ratio: 50 - 500h
Sensible /
Latent thermal
Power to Gas
• Grid services
• Compensation for day-night
load imbalance
• Peak shaving, valley filling,
load shifting
• Correction of forecast errors
of renewable producers
• Prevention of re-dispatch
• Opportunity of spot market
price fluctuations
• Future application to bridge
periods of low wind and
photovoltaic generation
• Seasonal storage for thermal
energy
DNV GL © 2016
Eight emerging dynamics for storage
Costs declining rapidly for energy storage
Storage will be a key enabler to increase RES penetration by smoothing variable resource on the grid and vice versa!
As with solar-PV, performance guarantees are one of the main contributors to market maturation
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+
Storage market widely seen as where solar market was 5 years ago
PV started as cost-intensive technology… now becoming competitive with conventional generation
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2
3
DNV GL © 2016
Eight emerging dynamics for storage
Resiliency: electric power systems interdependence – back up power – energy security
Stacked values: Storage deployments with solar PV can provide income and cost benefits on both sides of meter
Regulatory requirements and financial incentives emerging in several countries
Income opportunities for project developers deploying combined technologies in otherwise declining “solar only” markets – self consumption
Emotional appeal: customer demand for more energy independence – new product /appliance and services (the Tesla effect)
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5
6
7
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DNV GL © 2016
Storage Maturation
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Technology Application System
Integration
Markets Business Case
Effort
Time Technology Business Realization, O&M
Benefit Stacking Flex Markets Control Algoritms
DNV GL © 2016
The need for flexibility in our energy system: smart energy
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DNV GL © 2016
E.g. introduction of DER – in large volumes – will impact power flows, and power quality
Energy transition will result in larger fluctuations in supply, and in load – mainly
in electricity markets
Large number of inverters (PV solar) will result in voltage issues
Both developments put pressure on reliability of electricity supply
14
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Me
gaw
att
Hour
Residual load Netherlands - 2030 (8 GW PV, 16 GW wind)
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Me
gaw
att
Hour
Residual load Netherlands - 2012 (0.7 GW PV, 2.5 GW wind)
DNV GL © 2016
Flexibility instruments will enable high RES penetration
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Demand Side Management
Supergrids / Interconnectors Energy storage
Flexible Power
DNV GL © 2016
Global status of energy storage market Projects and applications
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DNV GL © 2016
Global status projects
Source: DOE database
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DNV GL © 2016
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DNV GL © 2016
In comparison: the top 7 countries
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Source: DOE database
DNV GL © 2016
Global status of energy storage market Economics – li-ion
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DNV GL © 2016
Capital Cost
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€125-
310/kWh
€330-
2500/kWh
Verify the cost:
- Who is giving the quote?
- Is it turnkey?
- Who else is involved?
DNV GL © 2016
Projected costs
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Price floor in 2020:
$100/kWh at the cell level
$200/kWh at the system level
DNV GL © 2016
Project realisation in the Netherlands
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DNV GL © 2016
Routekaart 2030 & Nationaal Actieplan EnergieOpslag
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DNV GL © 2016
Frequency Containment Reserve – AES
10 MW of interconnected advanced,
battery-based energy storage
First deployment of AES’
Advancion solution in continental Europe
First battery project in the Netherlands
for Frequency Containment Reserve
purposes
45.000 lithium ion batteries
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DNV GL © 2016
Energy storage for Alexia wind farm - Nuon
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Currently balancing and FCR
Storage system 3MW to expand to
12MW
Prinses Alexia Windpark (122
MW), Zeewolde
Car batteries
Alfen as system integrator
DNV GL © 2016
Solar+storage at a farm in Odoorn for multiple applications
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Solar + storage
Balancing, self-consumption,
peak-shifting
At farm ‘De Jong en Bos’
294 kWh system
ATEPS, Jules Energy, GroenLeven
DNV GL © 2016
Community storage/De Buurtbatterij
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Commercial,
industrial &
residential
Etten-Leur
Enexis
Smart Storage Unit
Economically most attractive rev.
100kW-400kW / 240 kWh
Jouw Energie Moment
Haarlemmermeer
Alliander
120kW/120kWh
Rijsenhout
Distribution grid services
Market services
Solar storage
Buurtbatterij
DNV GL © 2016
Behind the meter
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CrowdNett
400 Powerwalls = 1 MWFCR. In NL by Q1 2017.Then scaling up in NL and starting in BE.
Eneco aggregates capacity for FCR application at first instance
Additional value streams at later stage (e.g. post-net metering)
Jouw Energy Moment
Meulenspie in Breda 39 Tesla Powerwalls Testing flexible tariffs For trading and avoiding grid congestion
DNV GL © 2016
Project realisation and risk mitigation
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DNV GL © 2016
Realisation – best practices & lessons learned
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Kick-off
manufacturing
Review quality
plan
Review progress
reports
Factory
acceptance test
Kick –off project
Review contract
Review project
plan
Review design
Check compliance
HSE
Kick –off
construction
Review
construction
plan
Review
progress
reports
Progress
meetings
Site visits/
inspections
Punch list
Review
commissioning
plan/procedures
Monitor commis-
sioning test
Witness
acceptance tests
Progress
meetings
Review as-built
documents
Review O&M
plans
Support take-
over
Punch list
Monitor
operations
Follow up punch
list
Lessons learned
Co
nstr
ucti
on
co
mp
lete
Sta
rt
co
mm
ercia
l o
perati
on
Rele
ase
tran
sp
ort
to s
ite
Rele
ase
man
ufa
ctu
rin
g
Co
ntr
act
aw
ard
Feasibility,
preparation and
tendering
Engineering
design Operation Manufacturing Commissioning Construction
Technical
feasibilty
Technical design
Request for
Proposal
Selection of
proposals
Employer’s
Requirements
DNV GL © 2016
Real-life examples of materialised risks
Feasibility risks
System dimensioned on minimum
CAPEX instead of TCO
Market saturation not taken into account
Sub-optimal combination of technology
and applications
Performance risks
Cycle life data under different
conditions (DoD, temperature, C-rate)
Standby losses not taken into account
Contract risks
Conditions warranty and guarantees
unclear
System boundary unclear – e.g. safety
responsibility
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Regulation/certification risks
System specification not in line with
market regulation / grid code
Systems not meeting standardisation
Commissioning risks
FAT / SAT testing inadequate
Handover unclear
Safety risks
Fire suppression for li-ion batteries
No FMEA analysis, no adequate
measures and training
Cyber safety
DNV GL © 2016
Defining building blocks
for an open competitive
market place
Continuous updates
following technology
development and
end-user applications
DNV GL issued a Recommended Practice (DNVGL-RP-0043) on grid-connected energy storage
Guidelines and methods to evaluate, assess and test safety, operation and performance of grid-connected ES
Referencing ISO, IEC and IEEE standards if possible, enhancing where needed
Industry supported: created by consortium of 7 parties, 36 parties involved in review process
Comprehensive
Free to use
Methodology for de-risking energy storage: GRIDSTOR
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For more information, see www.dnvgl.com/services/gridstor-recommended-practice-for-grid-connected-energy-
storage-52177 and rules.dnvgl.com/docs/pdf/DNVGL/RP/2015-12/DNVGL-RP-0043.pdf
GRIDSTOR Update!
New technologies (CAES,
ultra-caps, inorg. Li-ion)
Cybersecurity
Communication protocols
Decommissioning
Warrantees, guarantees
Contracting aspects
Bankability
LCoS
Residual value assessment
Procurement
Inverter aspects
…and more…
DNV GL © 2016
Training course Grid-connected energy storage – March 23 & 24, 2017
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DNV GL © 2016
Key take-aways
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DNV GL © 2016 36
Key take-aways
2016 was an
important year for
storage in the
Netherlands and
globally
Costs becoming
commercially
attractive, but
depending on
many aspects
Various projects in
the Netherlands,
breakthrough yet
to come, new
values to be
disclosed
As a relatively new
and complex item,
various examples
of materialised
risks
GRIDSTOR
Recommended
Practice as the
technical
framework for
risk analysis
DNV GL © 2016
SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER
www.dnvgl.com
Thank you
37
Jillis Raadschelders
Email: [email protected]
Tel: +31 (0)6 150 633 90