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Ministry Of ElectricityGeneral Electric company of Libya
The impact of Energy Pricing on Renewable Energy in Deployment
Country Study : Libya
Prepared by: Dr. Khairy Agha
Mr. Milad Abdallah Zaed
Gecol Information
ChairmanChairman
Procurement & Warehousing
Procurement & Warehousing
Internal AuditInternal Audit
DistributionDistribution
Generation & Desalination
Generation & Desalination
Transmission & Control
Transmission & Control
Customer ServiceCustomer Service
OperationsOperations Corporate Planning, Finance & Projects
Corporate Planning, Finance & Projects
Contracts & Development
Accounts
Contracts & Development
Accounts
Generation & Transmission
Projects
Generation & Transmission
Projects
DistributionProjects
DistributionProjects
Support ServicesSupport Services
General ServicesGeneral Services
AccountingAccounting
Information TechnologyInformation Technology
Human ResourcesHuman Resources
Corporate Planning
Corporate Planning
Legal AffairsLegal Affairs
Communication & External
Cooperation
Communication & External
Cooperation
Corporate FinanceCorporate Finance
GECOL is a state-owned vertically structured power utility responsible for generation, transmission and distribution of electric power throughout Libya.
General DepartmentVice Chairman
• Key Figures 2010&2012:
Item 2010 2012Change
(%)
Max. Load (MW) 5,759 5,981 3.85
Min. Load (MW) 2,103 2,080 -0.1
Total Energy Production- Gwh 32,558 33,980 4.37
Energy Imported- Gwh 70.331 61.020 -13.24
Energy Exported- Gwh 152.152 14.419 -90.52
Customers 1,198,176 1,223,727 2.13
Energy Sold Mwh 20,602,217 12,993,675 -36.93
Number of Employee 37,586 40,000 6.0
Consumption Per Capita(K.w.h) 4,651 4,850 4.37
Energy Produced )MWH Per Employee) 880 883 0.34
Customers Per Employee 33.14 31.80 -4.0
• Key Figures 2010&2012:
Item 2010 2012Change
(%)
Transmission Lines (KM)
400 KV 2,290 2,290 0.0
220 KV 13,706 13,706 0.0
66 KV 14,311 14,311 0.0
30 KV 11,142 11,142 0.0
Sub-Stations Installed Capacity (MVA)
400 KV 9,600 9,600 0.0
220 KV 15,458 19,006 22.95
66 KV 4,359 4,359 0.0
30 KV 13,884 13,914 0.22
Country Historical
DataPopulation
GDp10^6 Us$
Total Capacity
Gw
Total Generatio
nGwh
Technical LossesGwh
Total Consumption
Gwh
2006 5,913,230 56,479 5,438 22,552 1,752 20,833
2007 6,049,900 71,687 6,612 25,418 1,784 22,341
2008 6,189,040 89,909 6,196 28,666 4,013 22,886
2009 6,332,633 60,351 6,766 30,373 4,259 24,290
2010 6,478,917 76,557 8,349 32,558 4,483 25,407
2011 6,628,580 33,526 8,349 26,349 4,064 19,431
2012 6,781,700 90,519 8,349 33,960 5,356 25,607
Libya Historical System and Social-economic data
Balancing demand with available capacity of existing generation projects and new production
Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033
The maximum load expected (MW ) 6,495 6,931 7,381 7,846 8,301 8,766 9,222 9,628 10,042 10,453 10,871 11,285 11,668 12,052 12,440 12,832 13,230 13,636 14,049 14,470 14,900Loads development projects (MW ) 137 549 1,097 1,982 3,497 3,930 4,211 4,211 4,211 4,211 4,211 4,211 4,211 4,211 4,211 4,211 4,211 4,211 4,211 4,211 4,211
Total maximum load (MW ) 6,632 7,480 8,478 9,828 11,798 12,696 13,433 13,839 14,253 14,664 15,082 15,496 15,879 16,263 16,651 17,043 17,441 17,847 18,260 18,681 19,111
Power required (MWH ) 38,826,990 43,575,416 49,181,587 56,996,058 68,026,240 73,025,613 77,088,606 79,482,928 81,369,313 83,474,374 85,621,158 87,998,659 89,702,325 94,395,030 96,643,261 99,203,442 101,232,174 103,584,957 103,794,966 103,987,001 104,173,941
Type Station
Installed
Power
Units Available capacity (MW )
Existing
steam
west of Tripoli 435 4ST 120 120 120 Komes 480 4ST 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 Drna 130 2ST 80 80 80 80 40
Tobruk 130 2ST 80 80 80 80 40 Misrata iron 507 6ST 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 120 60
Ghazi
south of Tripoli
500 5GT 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
Azwaitina 200 4GT 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 Komes 600 4GT 480 480 480 480 480 480 480 480 480 480 480 480 480
Western Mountain
936 6GT 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750
Srear 820 3GT 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690Small Gaz *GTs 100 100 50
Compien Cycle
Zwia1485 6GT 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810
3ST 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405 405North
Benghazi-1945
4GT 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 4952ST 245 245 245 245 245 245 245 245 245 245 245 245 245 245 245 245 245 245 245 245 245
Misurata-1 8202GT 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 4601ST 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230
North Benghazi-2
8202GT 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 4601ST 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230
Azwaitina-1 8202GT 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 4601ST 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230
Under constructionAnd
contracted
SteamGulf 1400 4ST 700 1,050 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400
west of Tripoli -2
1400 4ST 700 1,050 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400
Gaz Ubari 624 4GT 203 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406
proposal
steam
east of Tripoli 1400 4ST 700 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400Bembh Golf 1050 3ST 350 700 1,050 1,050 1,050 1,050 1,050 1,050 1,050 1,050 1,050 1,050 1,050 1,050 1,050 1,050 1,050 1,050
West of Benghazi
1400 4ST 700 1,050 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400
Abu Kemash 1400 4ST 350 700 1,050 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400Komas-2 1400 2ST 700 1,050 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400
Drna 1050 2ST 350 700 700 700 700 700 700 1,050Abuturabh 700 2ST 350 700 700 700
GazSabha 855 3GT 230 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690
South of Tripoli-2
855 3GT 660 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690 690
Compien Cycle
steelMisurata
7502GT 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 4001ST 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
Mellita 16404GT 920 920 920 920 920 920 920 920 920 920 920 920 920 920 920 920 9202ST 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460
Azwaitina-1 8202 GT 230 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 4601 ST 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230
Tobruk 8202 GT 230 460 4601 ST 230 230
Total available capacity (MW) 7,235 8,368 9,971 11,751 14,221 15,181 16,111 16,691 17,041 17,641 17,961 18,311 18,661 19,021 19,721 20,071 20,071 20,421 21,001 21,461 21,811
Deficit "-" or surplus "+" (MW ) 603 888 1,493 1,923 2,423 2,485 2,678 2,852 2,788 2,977 2,879 2,815 2,782 2,757 3,070 3,028 2,629 2,574 2,741 2,780 2,699
Reserve 9.1% 11.9% 17.6% 19.6% 20.5% 19.6% 19.9% 20.6% 19.6% 20.3% 19.1% 18.2% 17.5% 17.0% 18.4% 17.8% 15.1% 14.4% 15.0% 14.9% 14.1%
Historical Data
TotalM3
Heavy Fuel oil M3
Light Fuel oil M3
Natural GasM3
2008 3,326,552,378 1,802,846 3,363,604 3,323,188,774
2009 3,090,197,861 2,034,886 3,862,735 3,084,300,240
2010 3,799,202,552 1,812,930 4,205,111 3,793,184,511
2011 4,269,391,873 1,074,381 2,478,040 4,265,839,452
2012 7,455,054,744 1,420,713 2,577,329 7,451,056,702
Libya Fuel Consumption in Electrical Sectors(M3)
Historical Data
TotalThousand toe
Heavy Fuel oilThousand toe
Light Fuel oilThousand toe
Natural GasThousand toe
2006 7,135 1,814 2,613 2,708
2007 7,148 1,418 2,647 3,083
2008 7,583 1,636 3,002 2,945
2009 8,026 1,846 3,447 2,733
2010 8,759 1,645 3,753 3,361
2011 6,969 0,974 2,213 3,782
2012 10,197 1,289 2,302 6,606
Libya Fuel Consumption in Electrical Sectors(000 toe)
Gecol Of Calculation Emissions Factor
EFgrid,OMsimple,y = Operation Margin (2009-2011)
0.95334
EFgrid,BM,y = Build Margin (2011) 0.79939
EFgrid,CM,y = Combined Margin (2011) (a) Weighted average (OM x 0.5 + 0.5 x BM)
0.87636
ELECTRICITY TARIFF DEVELOPMENT DURING YEARS 1981-2012
Class of use
Type of Consumption (Kwh\month)
YEARS (Dirham\KWh)Consumption (KWh\month)
YEAR
Befor1981
1981-1995 1996 1997 1998-
20032004-2005
20062010
DOMESTIC
0 - 500
10 20
200-1000 20
501-600 25601-700 35
1001-1400 30701-800 40801-900 45
Over 1400 50over 900 55
DOMESTIC. Selling price (after 2010 flat) 20
SMALL AGRICULTURE 5 15 20 25 30 30LARGE AGRICULTURE 5 15 21 27 32 32SMALLINDUSTRIES 15 15 24 33 42 42LARGEINDUSTRIES 7 10 17 24 31 31COMMERCIAL 20 30 36 42 48 68 68STATE OFFICES 20 30 36 42 47 68 68PUBLIC LIGHTING 15 30 35 40 45 68 68
Impacts Change Local Fuel Prices for year 2012
Type of Fuel YEARS (L.D/M3)
20012002-2005 2006 2007 2008
2009-2012
HFO 8.4 18.4 36LFO 26 36 56 66 86 150GAS 0.008405
Type of Fuel
Qua. (M3) year 2012 2001 2002-2005 2006 2007 2008 2009-2012
HFO 1,420,713 12 26 26 26 26 51.0LFO 2,577,329 67 93 144 170 222 386.5
GAS 7,451,056,782 63 63 63 63 63 62.6
M.LD ) ) Total 142 182 233 259 310 500.1% - 28% 65% 83% 119% 253%
Difference 359 319 267 242 190 0
Gecol Balance sheet for year 2008-2011 PERIOD ENDING 31/12/2008 31/12/2009 31/12/2010 31/12/2011
AssetsCurrent AssetsCash And Cash Equivalents 26,890,803 340,357,419 210,845,692 54,494,868 Letters of credit 56,549,325 86,685,359 32,973,944 20,870,202 Receivables 1,026,555,328 803,886,115 1,333,237,982 1,623,669,866 Provision for doubtful debts (19,888,728) (21,473,020) (17,134,268) (17,134,268) Inventory 226,620,320 255,366,714 299,720,933 317,869,881 Other Current Debts 598,482,706 787,323,330 893,328,861 892,570,789 Total Current Assets 1,915,209,754 2,252,145,917 2,752,973,144 2,892,341,338 Property Plant and EquipmentGeneration & desalination plants 2,527,508,010 2,556,120,571 2,560,498,251 2,560,498,251 Transmission lines & sub-stations 1,157,206,738 1,766,030,270 2,058,535,631 2,061,435,064 Distribution lines & sub-stations 933,150,047 956,295,141 979,459,257 995,506,649 Land 4,401,087 4,559,517 4,797,815 4,869,744 Building and other constructions 129,297,443 143,598,542 174,892,916 185,853,845 Computers 46,994,313 49,900,411 52,617,683 53,137,145 Transportation vehicles & other motorized equipments 172,349,770 183,681,073 205,994,468 225,354,261 Furniture & office equipments 63,075,626 68,024,269 75,238,648 76,414,379 Equipment & Tools 24,708,619 26,479,833 30,715,121 31,417,623 Other 440,826,858 476,243,645 544,256,651 577,046,997 Total Property Plant and Equipment 5,058,691,653 5,754,689,627 6,142,749,790 6,194,486,961 Projects under construction 171,622,435 199,724,757 215,252,305 217,422,511 Major overhauls 188,807,697 248,010,900 275,233,789 279,696,794 Accumulated DepreciationGeneration & desalination plants 709,135,614 803,287,834 898,400,851 993,316,072 Transmission lines & sub-stations 324,794,236 439,099,045 533,860,632 610,859,425 Distribution lines & sub-stations 234,176,503 280,899,522 328,849,287 377,219,650 Land - - - - Building and other constructions 48,458,144 52,957,718 59,247,046 65,157,361 Computers 28,836,454 36,640,884 44,592,270 47,452,368 Transportation vehicles & other motorized equipments 121,130,230 137,539,612 155,584,849 172,815,536 Furniture & office equipments 38,343,683 42,333,516 46,783,545 51,668,664 Equipment & Tools 22,355,169 23,417,077 24,781,315 26,458,459 Overhauls 84,010,232 136,314,080 208,185,016 232,507,082 Other 343,133,912 429,202,887 539,174,041 596,059,470 Total Accumulated Depreciation 1,611,240,265 1,952,489,288 2,300,284,811 2,577,454,617 Long Term Investments 9,540,199 10,840,199 10,840,199 10,840,199 Deferred Long Term Asset Charges - - - - Total Assets 5,732,631,473 6,512,922,112 7,096,764,416 7,017,333,186
Gecol Balance sheet for year 2008-2011 PERIOD ENDING 31/12/2008 31/12/2009 31/12/2010 31/12/2011
LiabilitiesBank overdrafts 259,023,178 28,214,895 73,669,147 57,480,755 Accounts Payable 640,489,551 748,334,360 1,239,641,911 1,676,463,772 Short term loans - 650,000 - - Movable stock provision 2,922,063 2,922,063 2,922,063 2,922,063 Auditing fees provision 183,570 225,000 150,000 150,000 Water and waste water 4,271,763 4,271,763 2,250,000 2,250,000 Lawyer fees 4,062,599 3,467,344 3,150,088 2,713,839 Court fees 3,895,000 3,895,000 3,581,231 3,509,592 Paid vacations provision 17,270,769 14,744,394 14,795,182 14,795,182 Total fees and provisions 32,605,764 29,525,564 26,848,564 26,340,676 Deposits from customers 80,111,334 88,246,048 96,478,643 98,328,729 Deductions on behalf of customers & employees 85,209,522 89,881,261 128,783,771 164,153,628 Other Current Liabilities 67,374,854 87,659,230 109,012,899 152,883,935 Total Current Liabilities 1,164,814,203 1,072,511,358 1,674,434,935 2,175,651,495 Long Term Debt - - - - Deferred taxes provision 377,829 - - 169,309 Change in fixed assets value provision - 28,766,427 - - Total Liabilities 1,165,192,032 1,101,277,785 1,674,434,935 2,175,820,804 Government paid in capital 2,408,473,400 2,408,473,400 2,408,473,400 2,408,473,400 Evaluation Reserve (+) 449,044,761 449,044,761 449,044,761 449,044,761 Additional paid in capital 2,136,341,704 2,842,363,643 3,193,682,607 3,200,994,463 Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) (150,990,439) (35,889,859) (266,588,866) (628,871,287) Current year deficit (275,429,985) (252,347,618) (362,282,421) (588,128,955) Total Stockholder Equity 4,567,439,441 5,411,644,327 5,422,329,481 4,841,512,382 Total Liabilities 5,732,631,473 6,512,922,112 7,096,764,416 7,017,333,186
Gecol Income statement by L.D for year 2008-2011
Year 2008 2009 2010 2011
Revenue, LYDResidential Lighting 119,943,807 134,691,074 152,561,252 100,179,901 Public facilities lighting 178,124,900 160,228,985 179,625,939 81,261,414 Industrial 53,956,712 59,691,811 80,379,206 24,348,120 Agricultural 70,360,948 79,379,282 82,563,107 41,401,900 Commercial Lighting 146,744,832 162,103,424 164,375,492 51,250,354 Street Lighting 199,291,654 249,762,672 270,916,040 101,443,884 Electricity Export 2,777,439 3,002,316 6,446,273 97,980 Electricity Revenue 771,200,292 848,859,564 936,867,309 399,983,553 Connection, fees, inspection, equipment rent etc. 102,529,189 89,033,159 88,490,823 7,779,448 Desalination 1,049,356 4,201,466 6,046,364 5,471,681 Adjustments & other income 58,985,323 12,664,552 25,171,575 4,957,119 Total Revenue, LYD 933,764,160 954,758,741 1,056,576,071 418,191,801 Special govt subsidies - 490,410,985 400,000,000 330,772,840 Total Revenue including subsidies, LYD 933,764,160 1,445,169,726 1,456,576,071 748,964,641 Operating ExpensesFuel costs 337,321,671 663,336,675 711,464,704 412,661,842 Electricity purchases - 12,061,571 258,120 16,897,077 Salaries and allowances 292,518,167 371,684,943 408,587,321 504,124,636 Maintenance & support materials 177,547,598 230,612,586 222,954,203 90,638,027 Other service costs 83,508,673 82,840,279 119,625,259 40,152,903 Adjustments & other expenses 91,094,033 98,413,225 89,108,119 16,423,645 Total Operating Expense, LYD 981,990,142 1,458,949,279 1,551,997,726 1,080,898,130 Operating Income (48,225,982) (504,190,538) (495,421,655) (662,706,329) Interest Expense 12,827,281 14,751,416 11,642,151 3,347,725 Depreciation 214,376,722 223,816,649 255,218,615 252,847,741 Income Before Tax (275,429,985) (742,758,603) (762,282,421) (918,901,795) Taxes - - - - Net Income, LYD (excluding special subsidies) (275,429,985) (742,758,603) (762,282,421) (918,901,795)
Ability to break even, make a net profit or cover its operating costs by L.D for year 2012
Indicator and Formula Name by (L.D) 31/12/2008 31/12/2009 31/12/2010 31/12/2011
-275,429,985 -252,347,618 -362,282,421 -588,128,955
0.28 0.24 0.31 0.36
2 2 2 1
-29% -27% -39% -63%
Cost with Local Fuel Prices
Impacts with Local Fuel Prices for year 2012
Type of Fuel Qua. (M3) year
2012
Price Local Fuel invoiceSubside
s)%( (L.D/M3) ( M.LD)
HFO 1,420,713 36 51.1 96%
LFO 2,577,329 150 386.6 86%
GAS7,451,056,78
2 0.008 62.6 98%
Fuel Invoice 500.3 93%
Transportation Expenses 22.1
Total 522.4
Detailed breakdown of expenses 2012 With Local Fuel Price
)%( (M.LD) DESCREPTION
33% 522.4 OPERATING MATERIAL (Fuel)
47% 758.6 Salaries & Allowances
7% 125.1Overheads& Maintenance Expenses
1% 11.6FINANCIAL COSTS & Services Expenses
12% 185.0 DEPRECIATION
100% 1,602.7 Total EXPENSES
Discription for Energy flow through libyan grid 2012 Losses [MWh]
Energy Generated From GECOL's P/S Including Steel Complex P/S 33,967,420
Energy Consumed From GECOL's P/S 1.70% 577,039
Energy consumed by Steel Complex P/S 2,426,542
Total Energy Transmitted to 400/220 kv grid 30,963,839
Losses in 400/220 kv grid 2.00% 619,277
Net Energy Transmitted to 30/66 kv grid 30,344,563
Losses in 30/66 grid 4.90% 1,517,228
Energy sold in 30/66 kv grid 2,809,320
Net Energy Transmitted to 11/0.4 kv grid 26,018,015
Losses in 11/0.4 kv grid 10.40% 3,220,239
Energy sold in 11/0.4 kv grid 10,184,355
Commercial Losses 15.0% 4,644,576
Technical Losses 17.30% 5,356,744
Commercial and Technical Losses reference to year 2010 32.30% 10,001,320
Energy sould be sold in grid 67.70% 20,962,519
Energy sold in grid (bild) 41.96% 12,993,675
Principal Reasons Dom. S. Agr L. Agr L. Ind H. Ind Comm. State. Street Light Total
Conn. not reported to GECOL 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 4Connection not registered by electric company 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 5Meter misinstalled 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 5Meter malfunction 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 7Meter not read 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 5Meter not read accurately 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 5No bill issued 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 4Billing mistake 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 5
Total Points 8 8 1 8 1 8 6 0 40
Sales (MWh) 7,441,077 1,039,526 1,393,150 910,450 900,274 2,507,157 3,695,736 3,075,149 20,962,519
Total Points * Sales (MWh) 59,528,618 8,316,210 1,393,150 7,283,603 900,274 20,057,255 22,174,416 0 119,653,526
% Allocated 50 7 1 6 1 17 19 0 100
Comm Losses 2,310,715 322,809 54,078 282,727 34,946 778,560 860,742 0 4,644,576
Adjusted Sales 9,751,792 1,362,336 1,447,228 1,193,177 935,219 3,285,717 4,556,478 3,075,149 25,607,095
Electricity Tariff (Dirham/Kwh) for Different Category 20 30 32 42 31 68 68 68 0
Total Valu for Commercial Losses with Carent Tariff 46,214,298 9,684,279 1,730,488 11,874,521 1,083,320 52,942,078 58,530,424 0 182,059,407
Non Tech. Losses add to Sales ( Year 2012 )
Category
Total Energy Sales 2012 [MWh]
Unit Cost by Type of
Customer with Local fuel price
VL0 (0,4 kV)
VL1 (11kV)
VL2 (30/66 kV)
TotalDirham/Kwh
Cent us$/Kwh
Domestic 7,441,077 - - 7,441,077 35% 97 7.4
Small Agriculture
1,039,487 39 - 1,039,526 5% 83 6.4
Large Agriculture
626,918 195,041 571,192 1,393,150 7% 49 3.8
Light Industrial
673,733 163,881 72,836 910,450 4% 70 5.4
Heavy Industrial
- 9,003 891,271 900,274 4% 47 3.6
Commercial 2,306,584 100,286 100,286 2,507,157 12% 80 6.2
State Offices 3,178,333 369,574 147,829 3,695,736 18% 64 5.0
Street Lighting
3,075,149 - - 3,075,149 15% 59 4.6
Total 18,341,281 837,824 1,783,414 20,962,519 100% 76 5.9
PROFIT AND LOSSES ACCOUNT FOR YEAR 2012 with Local fuel price
Category
Total Energy Sales
Expenses Unit Cost Unit Price RevenueDifferent
(subsides )
M.W.H (M.LD) ( Dirham\KWh) (M.LD)
Domestic 7,441,077 718 97 20 148.8 -569.3Small
Agriculture 1,039,526 86 83 30 31.2 -54.7
Large Agriculture 1,393,150 68 49 32 44.6 -23.5
Light Industrial 910,450 64 70 42 38.2 -25.4
Heavy Industrial 900,274 42 47 31 27.9 -14.3
Commercial 2,507,157 201 80 68 170.5 -30.2State Offices 3,695,736 238 64 68 251.3 13.3
Street Lighting 3,075,149 183 59 68 209.1 26.2
Total 20,962,519 1,599 76 44.0 921.6
-677.8
Different -42%
Total expenses by type of activities with Local fuel price [MLD]-2012
Type of expense Generation TransmissionDistribution &
Customer service Total
Fuel 514.6 0.5 7.3 522.4
Salaries 90.9 80.0 510.4 681.3
Depreciations 78.8 53.2 57.3 189.4
Other expenses 69.3 23.6 113.4 206.4
Total 753.6 157.4 688.5 1,599.4
Percentage 47.1% 9. 8% 43.1% 100.0%
Unit Cost by type of activities with Local fuel price [Dirham / kwh]-2012
System Level Generation TransmissionDistribution &
Customer serviceTotal
Fuel 24.5 0.1 0.3 24.9
Salaries 4.3 3.8 24.4 32.5
Depreciations 3.8 2.5 2.7 9.0
Other expenses 3.3 1.1 5.4 9.8
Total [Dirham/kWh] 35.9 7.5 32.8 76.3
Total [Cent us$/kWh] 2.8 0.6 2.5 5.9
Unit Cost by type of activities with Local fuel price [% / kwh]-2012
System Level Generation TransmissionDistribution &
Customer serviceTotal
Fuel 68% 0% 1% 33%
Salaries 12% 51% 74% 43%
Depreciations 10% 34% 8% 12%
Other expenses 9% 15% 16% 13%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100%
Cost with International Fuel Prices
Impacts International Fuel Prices for year 2012
Type of Fuel Qua. (M3) year
2012
PriceInternational Fuel
invoice Subsides
)%( (L.D/M3) ( M.LD)
HFO 1,420,713 917 1,302.8 96%
LFO 2,577,329 1,065 2,744.9 86%
GAS7,451,056,78
2 0.425 3,166.7 98%
Fuel Invoice 7,214.4 93%
Transportation Expenses 22.1
Total 7,236.5
2 4 5
Quantity/tonQty/leter-
disc
Cost of Purcases US$/Ton
Cost of Purcases L.D/Ton
Cost of Purcases L.D/Unit
Margin of supply,storage and handling
Margin distribution
Fees- Made River
Total unit cost
the current selling price
Unit Subsides
L.D
The value of Subsides L.D
Distribution Company
3,267,180 4,420,495,030 0.978 0.029 0.045 0.020 1.072 0.150 0.922 4,074,196,782
Other Customers 37,986 51,394,389 0.978 0.029 0.020 1.027 0.150 0.877 45,055,444 4,119,252,226
Distribution Company
1,303,271 1,571,744,810 1.011 0.029 0.045 0.025 1.110 0.150 0.960 1,508,740,129
Supply Shibs 45,379 54,726,493 1.011 0.029 0.025 1.065 0.745 0.320 17,505,045
General Electric Company
2,137,088 2,577,328,566 1.011 0.029 0.025 1.065 0.150 0.915 2,358,034,449
Other Customers 91,003 109,749,520 1.011 0.029 0.025 1.065 0.150 0.915 100,411,392 3,984,691,015
Aviatoin 202,009 256,753,097 0.995 0.029 1.024 0.545 0.479 123,079,173
Other Customers 20,449 25,990,669 0.995 0.029 1.024 0.545 0.479 12,459,090 135,538,263
Distribution Company
159,427 202,632,000 0.995 0.029 0.045 0.020 1.089 0.090 0.999 202,503,900
Other Customers 2,539 3,227,500 0.995 0.029 0.020 1.044 0.090 0.954 3,080,222 205,584,122
Supply Shibs 22,306 24,402,626 0.888 0.029 0.917 0.585 0.332 8,102,992
General Electric Company
1,298,641 1,420,713,358 0.888 0.029 0.917 0.036 0.881 1,252,009,491
Other Customers 226,389 247,669,708 0.888 0.029 0.917 0.036 0.881 218,259,949 1,478,372,432
Distribution Company
33,408 2,227,172 19.289 0.400 1.000 0.250 20.939 2.000 18.939 42,181,385
Distribution Of Gas
208,630 13,908,682 19.289 0.400 1.000 0.250 20.939 2.000 18.939 263,422,613
Other Customers 178 11,888 19.289 0.400 0.250 19.939 2.000 17.939 213,264 305,817,262
Distribution Company
11,385 1,035,007 14.146 0.400 1.000 0.250 15.796 1.500 14.296 14,796,033
موزعيالغاز 27,910 2,537,231 14.146 0.400 1.000 0.250 15.796 1.500 14.296 36,271,208
Other Customers 32 2,893 14.146 0.400 0.250 14.796 1.500 13.296 38,464 51,105,705
Liquefied Gas KG Other Customers 6,607 6,606,827 1028.77 1285.9625 1.286 0.028 1.314 0.067 1.248 8,243,751 8,243,751
Distribution Company
271,596 24,443,680 3.725 0.350 0.650 0.495 5.220 2.000 3.220 78,708,650
Other Customers 2,663 239,640 3.725 0.350 0.495 4.570 2.000 2.570 615,875 79,324,524
10,367,929,301
Natural gas M.btuGeneral Electric Company
270,890,620 11.700 0.208 11.492 3,113,075,005 3,113,075,005
13,481,004,306
Oils For gasoline engines
Total Subsides
Liquefied gas cylinder 15 KG
1028.77 1285.9625
Liquefied gas cylinder 11 KG
1028.77 1285.9625
Kerosene Homes 1012.09 1265.1125
Heavy oil 777.4 971.75
Diesel Fuel 975.33 1219.1625
Aviation Kerosene 1012.09 1265.1125
Statement of the value of Fuel subsidies is expected for the Year 2012 according to the amount for all Customer
1 3
Statement
Gasoline 95 1058.22 1322.775
Detailed breakdown of expenses 2012 With International Fuel Price
)%( (M.LD) DESCREPTION
87% 7,236.4 OPERATING MATERIAL (Fuel)
9% 758.6 Salaries & Allowances
1.3% 125.1Overheads& Maintenance Expenses
0.7% 11.6FINANCIAL COSTS & Services Expenses
2% 185.0 DEPRECIATION
100% 8,316.7 Total EXPENSES
Category
Total Energy Sales 2012 [MWh]
Unit Cost by Type of
Customer with International
fuel price
VL0 (0,4 kV)
VL1 (11kV)
VL2 (30/66 kV)
TotalDirham/Kwh
Cent us$/Kwh
Domestic 7,441,077 - - 7,441,077 35% 467 35.9
Small Agriculture
1,039,487 39 - 1,039,526 5% 444 34.2
Large Agriculture
626,918 195,041 571,192 1,393,150 7% 294 22.6
Light Industrial
673,733 163,881 72,836 910,450 4% 379 29.2
Heavy Industrial
- 9,003 891,271 900,274 4% 290 22.3
Commercial 2,306,584 100,286 100,286 2,507,157 12% 434 33.4State
Offices 3,178,333 369,574 147,829 3,695,736 18% 370 28.5
Street Lighting
3,075,149 - - 3,075,149 15% 295 22.7
Total 18,341,281 837,824 1,783,414 20,962,519 100% 397 30.5
PROFIT AND LOSSES ACCOUNT FOR YEAR 2012 with International fuel price
Category
Total Energy Sales
Expenses Unit Cost Unit Price RevenueDifferent
(subsides )
M.W.H (M.LD) ( Dirham\KWh) (M.LD)
Domestic 7,441,077 3,476 467 20 148.8 -3,327.5Small
Agriculture 1,039,526 462 444 30 31.2 -430.5
Large Agriculture 1,393,150 410 294 32 44.6 -365.3
Light Industrial 910,450 345 379 42 38.2 -307.2
Heavy Industrial 900,274 261 290 31 27.9 -233.4
Commercial 2,507,157 1,089 434 68 170.5 -918.8State Offices 3,695,736 1,367 370 68 251.3 -1,115.8
Street Lighting 3,075,149 906 295 68 209.1 -696.6
Total 20,962,519 8,317 397 44.0 921.6
-7,395.1
Different -89%
Total expenses by type of activities with International fuel price [MLD]-2012
Type of expense Generation TransmissionDistribution &
Customer service Total
Fuel 7,228.6 0.5 7.3 7,236.3
Salaries 90.9 80.0 510.4 681.3
Depreciations 78.8 53.2 57.3 189.4
Other expenses 69.3 23.6 113.4 206.4
Total 7,467.6 157.4 688.5 8,313.4
Percentage 89.8% 1.9% 8.3% 100.0%
Unit Cost by type of activities with International fuel price [Dirham / kwh]-2012
System Level Generation TransmissionDistribution &
Customer serviceTotal
Fuel 344.8 0.1 0.3 345.2
Salaries 4.3 3.8 24.4 32.5
Depreciations 3.8 2.5 2.7 9.0
Other expenses 3.3 1.1 5.4 9.8
Total [Dirham/kWh] 356.2 7.5 32.8 396.5
Total [Cent us$/kWh] 27.4 0.6 2.5 30.5
Unit Cost by type of activities with International fuel price [% / kwh]-2012
System Level Generation TransmissionDistribution &
Customer serviceTotal
Fuel 97% 0% 1% 87%
Salaries 1% 51% 74% 8%
Depreciations 1% 34% 8% 2%
Other expenses 1% 15% 16% 2%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100%
Compared to the tariff rates and energy consumption
Between some Arab countries
Electricity consumption(kWh/capita)
Average electricity tariff
CountryCents/kwh Us
4,850 3.3 Libya
8,311 3.3 Saudi Arabia
2,169 7.1 Jordan
1,252 9.5 Tunisia
1,050 4.7 Algeria
744 11.2 Morocco
1,439 2.5 EgyptAll definitions of electric power consumption in the Arab countries supported but varying degrees
Compared to the tariff for some segments of the electrical consumption between some Arab countries
(cents US$/kWh. And. Q)
Country Libya SaudiArabia
J ordan Tunisia Algeria Morocco
Domestic( KWH 1000)
Commercial
(KWH 5000)
Industrial
(KWH) Street Lighting
(KWH) Symbolizes the number displayed next to the tariff to the number of slides included in the field of .consumption
.Source :Report of the Arab Union of Producers ,Transporters and Distributors of Electricity
5.7 1.4 7.2 9.7 - 12.9
3.5 3.3 6.9 8.3 3.8 14.2
5.7 l2.3 12.1 12.2 6 k16.7
1.6 1.4 m12.5 k11.9 5.8 m14.7
Average per capita consumption and Libyan families and subsides the value of the expected International fuel price
for the year 2012
Average household consumption for the individual and the Libyan families: the amount of household consumption (7,441,077 M.w.h)
Statement Year 2012 Average consumption
K.w.h /month
Average consumption
K.w.h /Year
Population Statistics 6,371,480 97.3 1,168
Statistics the number of households 1,274,296 486.6 5,839
Domestic
subsides
subsides the value of
consumption
subsides the value of
consumption
(M.L.D) (L.D/Month) (L.D/Year)
subsides the individual 43.5 522
subsides the Family 217.5 2,611
Statement
3,327.50
This support covers only the value of household consumption of all Libyan families.
value of the subsidy in the electricity bill for home consumption (M.L.D= 3,327.5) at an average cost of support around 447 Dirham / k. W. h - This support covers the value of domestic consumption only.
Average per capita consumption and Libyan families and subsides the value of the expected International fuel price
for the year 2012
This support covers all sectors
Statement Year 2012 Average consumption
K.w.h /month
Average consumption
K.w.h /Year
Population Statistics 6,371,480 274.2 3,290
Statistics the number of households 1,274,296 1,371 16,450
All sector
subsides
subsides the value of
consumption
subsides the value of
consumption(M.L.D) (L.D/Month) (L.D/Year)
subsides the individual 97 1,161
subsides the Family 484 5,8037,395.10
Statement
average consumption for all segments of consumption for the individual and the Libyan families: The amount of consumption for all sectors (20,962,519 M.w.h)
value of the subsidy in the electricity bill for all segments of consumption (= 7,395.1M.L.D) at an average cost of support around 353 Dirham / k. w. h - This support covers the value of household consumption and consumption of all other sectors.
اآللية المقترحة لسداد الدعم النقدي والية دفع مقابل الخدمات من المستهلك.
نقwwترح أن تكwwون آليwwة إدارة وسwwداد الwwدعم النقwwدي من خالل وجwwود كيwwان أو جهwwاز(شwwباك موحwwد) يتwwولى فتح حسwwاب لكwwل األسwwر الليبيwwة (حسwwب المقwwترح المرفwwق)
دينwار) مwع بطاقwة الwرقم 2000مرتبwط بمنظومwة صwرف (الوطwني يتم فيwه إيwداع الwدعم النقwدي مباشwرة لحسwاب رب األسwwرة الليبيwwة ويتم الصwwرف منwwه بطريقwwة تضwwمن قيwwwام المwwwواطن بwwwدفع ماعليwwwه من التزامwwات مقابwwل
الخدمات التى تقدم له من الدولة بأحدى الطرق التالية:حالwة فواتwير الخwدمات لكwل رب اسwرة من الجهwات إيتم •
لى الشwwباك الموحwwد إالعامwwة مباشwwرة كشwwركة الكهربwwاء ليتwولى خصwمها وتسwديدها مباشwرة للشwركة، لضwمان سwداد حقwوق الشwركة، بمwا يمكنهwا من تحسwين نسwبة الجبايwة
وتحسين خدماتها. أحالwwة قيمwwة الwwدعم في الكهربwwاء سwwنويا© الى القطwwاع •
ويتم إصwدار فwاتورة للمسwتهلك بالفwارق بين مبلwغ الwدعم وبين فwwاتورة اسwwتهالكه في حالwwة االسwwتهالك أكwwبر من
.المخصص له، لضمان تحصيل مقابل استهالكهلwزام إأو يتم صwرف قيمwة الwدعم النقwدي لألسwر الليبيwة و •
عليwwه من التزامwات للجهwات العامwة رب األسwرة بسwداد مwالى حين إوفي حالwwة عwwدم التزامwwه يتم تجميwwد حسwwابه
يفيwد تسwوية أمwوره اإلداريwة والماليwة مwع شwركة ار مwاضwحإالكهرباء.
توصيات عامة:ارتفاع نصيب الفرد من استهالك الكهرباء تعتبر عالمة 1.
واضحة على انخفاض الكفاءة وسوء استخدام الطاقة الكهربائية، ويمكن إرجاع تدنى الكفاءة الى سببين رئيسين
هما:.التعريفة المنخفضة الستهالك الكهرباء يwانخفاض كفاءة األجهزة والمعدات التى تستخدم ف
السوق الليبي بسبب عدم تطبيق المعايير والمواصفات في توريد هذه األجهزة الكهربائية.
وضع سياسات للتصدى لظاهرة الفاقد التجارى في الطاقةوالعمل علwwwwwwwwwwى تحسين الفاقد الفني في الشبكة
العامة، بما ينعكس ايجابيا© على المداخيل المالية للشركة.االستثمار في المشروعات الكهربائية يشكل عنصرا© هاما© 2.
بالنسبة للتنمية ولكن ضمان قدرة الدولة على االستمرار في تحمل تكاليف هذه االستثمارات يواجه مخاطر بسبب
تذبذب اسعار النفط المصدر الوحيد للدخل، حيث الحظنا أن الدولة تنفق على كافة استثمارات قطاع الكهرباء وتمول نفقات العمرات الجسيمة لمحطات اإلنتاج، وتغطي الفرو قات المالية بين اسعار بيع وحدة الطاقة والتكلفة الفعلية
لها، عليه ينبغي وضع سياسات لتخفيض األعباء المالية على المالية العامة للدولة.
استمرار تزويد الشركة بالوقود والغاز الطبيعي بأسعار 3.دون األسعار الدولية تؤدي الى تخصيص غير كفؤ للموارد
في الصناعة وال تشجع علwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwى حسن األداء والترشيد في استهالك الطاقة.
للسلع 4. العيني الدعم استبدال آلية تطبيق علwwwwwى العملالترشيد على المواطن لتحفيز النقدي بالwwwدعم والخدمات
النقدي الدعم سداد الية مقترحات وتطبيق استهالكه في. للمستهلك المقدمة الخدمات مقابل وتحصيل للمواطن
الصناعية 5. للطاقة المستهلكة المختلفة القطاعات حتاستبدال بعد منتجاتها تكلفة دراسة على وغيرها والزراعية
. منتجاتها تكلفة في الطاقة اسعار تأثير لمعرفة الدعمالعالمية (5. التجارة بمنظمة الدخول الwwwى تسعى ) WTOليبيا
دعم في النظر تتطلب التجارة بمنظمة الخاصة واالتفاقياتوإعادة عwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwام بشكل والمحروقات الكهرباءودخول المنافسة باب بفتح يسمح بما القطاع، هيكلةبمختلف النشاط هwwwwwwwwذا لممارسة الخاص القطاع
مستوياته.وكفاءة 6. المتجددة الطاقة مصادر في لالستثمار المجال فتح
وضwwwwwع خالل من الطلب جانب وإدارة الطاقة استخداموالمواقع الشوارع وإضاءة الكهربائية لألجهزة جديدة معايير
الصناعية.األداء 7. كفاءة وتحسين األنفاق في الترشيد على العمل
زيادة بالشركة العاملين عدد شهد حيث بالقطاع، للعاملينإنتاجية على ذلك وانعكس الماضية السنوات في مضطردة
حوالي المتوسط في بلغ حيث الكهرباء مستهلك 34مرفقمرفق إنتاجية مع ذلك قارنا ما وإذا بالشركة موظف لكل
حوالي نجدها السعودية العربية بالمملكة 173الكهرباء . موظف لكل مستهلكا©
The proposed mechanism for the payment of cash support and payment mechanism for services from consumers.
We suggest that the management mechanism and the payment of cash subsides through the presence of an entity or a ( single window services ) shall open an account for each Libyan families (according to the proposed annex) linked system of exchange (2000 L.D ) card with the national number is the deposit of cash support directly to calculate the head of the family Libyan and exchange it is a way to ensure that the citizens pay Maalih of commitments for the services that give it one of the state The following ways: Referral services are billed for each family of the Lord of the public bodies directly into electricity as a single window to take deducted and paid directly to the company, to ensure the repayment of the Company's rights , so that they can improve the ratio of tax
collection and improve its services.
Committed value of the subsidy in electricity annually to the sector and are issuing an invoice to the consumer the difference between the amount of support and the bill for consumption in the case of consumption is greater than his allotted to ensure the collection for the service.
Or is an exchange value of cash support for families and the Libyan obligation to pay the head of the family Maalih obligations of public entities in the absence of commitment to their account is frozen until Ahzar Maevid settlement of administrative and financial affairs with the electricity company.
General recommendations: 1. High per capita consumption of electricity is a clear sign of
the low efficiency and poor use of electric power , and the low efficiency can be traced to two main reasons :
Low tariff for electricity consumption.Low efficiency of appliances and equipment that are used in the Libyan market because of the lack of application of the standards and specifications in the supply of these electrical appliances.Develop policies to deal with the phenomenon of trade losses in the energy and work to improve the technical losses in the public network , which will be reflected positively on the financial income of the company.2. Investment in electricity projects is an important element
for development , but to ensure the state's ability to continue to bear the costs of these investments face the risk due to the fluctuation of oil prices, the only source of income , where we noticed that the state spends on all investments in the electricity sector and funded the expenses of overhauling gross production plants , covering fur Qat Finance between selling prices and the power unit and the actual cost to them, it should develop policies to reduce the financial burden on the public finances of the state.
3. Continuing to provide the company with fuel and natural gas prices below international prices lead to inefficient allocation of resources in the industry does not encourage good performance and rationalization of energy consumption.
4 . Work on the application of the replacement in-kind support for goods and services support critical to stimulate citizens to rationalization in the consumption and the application of the mechanism of repayment proposals cash support to the citizen and collect for services provided to the consumer.5. Libya is seeking to enter the World Trade Organization (WTO)
and the WTO agreements require special consideration in support of electricity and fuel in general and the restructuring of the sector, including allowing open the door to competition and the entry of the private sector to practice this activity in various levels .
6. Open the way for investment in renewable energy sources and energy efficiency and demand-side management through the development of new standards for electrical and street lighting and industrial sites .
7. Work on the rationalization in the tunnels and improve the efficiency of the sector workers , which saw the number of employees of the company steadily increased in the past years and is reflected in the productivity of the electricity utility , where an average of about 34 consumer per employee company and if we compare it with the production facility of electricity in Saudi Arabia found about 173 consumers per employee .
Thank you for Your Attention
