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Omp^St VISX
mmmtc^im w vm mmmihmp(mim$B
von 'Hisafi < >DStruct@a a wM®X to oi^laio ^ e lioeaUoi} ^
a^ieulti trol aettii^%« lie po^titlsts^ an Usislatoi BtAtm* ^1^
oalSf m^ cm^smX ^ t ^ %iitli an d^toosivo piaie of tiUiablo £atsa#
uttifer!! in i t s ptifsical eharaeteiristiea* sm^oA h^ imlf o^e mod®
of tranoportatioo aod inhi^dttod b? faiS3©r« ^ © 4ti]@|>ly goc^B to
tlio omstrai city 1 ^ have o© <2if Cicuitf itj aa^ii@tiiif ^® «#© of
f^oir rosoascGs to mxf ©c^moaic cosaiUoti ttiat miglit moX9@»
?liu@« 009crai factors ^m^ii i f cwitril^t^fi^ to a c»^0iS@ra&i@
sft^cmQi <ai7«;r^tf o£ ianiaa^ atia agriailtsirai produetioa wmm
aaaxmisa to bo coostant or c^o^cBdstiKit.^ Ail goodls iiaro trans
p o r t s to Dai:k@t 1^ horeo ara^n fs roa Kfiicb ho miMftsporitiy
oCKlifiQ^ afU iociodoa riircir transpart ai@o* ^ {t r muf o s ta te
of coi:^»otitios) QSMm^ sottiora i» tlio im£lt«it. Ha^iinls^tioii of
profit wa@ Citiir solo taotiiro aoa th®' had co^^ote tsuosiiotliio
oi? tho oarhot pcico of a l i coRoaOities*
Von Sliiim#f3 l3Qii«yc^ that irarietio^s ia ^staiioo fro@ the
eit^ market a£focto<2 tii© profit ©f Q eoiiector fihish io taro
I Qe&tKMOMi ''\f rod@» '^oa s-ltUit o in Eotrospi»:t*** @co»cioog» ii 50# muh p«d4e*
t m i i PotoCf *Vofi vimiioi}*s soo ia t^ utatoS P@s- |8ao» Pro&o
m
^<ttcrraiiio tl3@ ioeatioa of tli© agiflaatairal activAt: ? io smlatitm
t^ tho eit?* Ottidir tilings Deloo 9qual.t tho greater th® ^@taoe@
frcso t^o eit„> the {Uphcsr yxmM l>e t t^ cost oi txantpost &nA
in cacie<K|U0aco ioscexr ^oaldi IMI t^o profit <^ a fats^ec* t f
cost of prodi»2tloii i© samic^l to hQ oqiaai* IIIQ o^fit of trans*
portiEig ^ o pz tKHS to tii@ oarlcot ^ 1 1 t@2!ssiiid Iti® pr<^tt«
ftiQ £a£ticr cil^^o £ioi^@ aro near th3 dlt7 i 3Ll pi&y loss t£3{!ii«>
ix>rt @:s(peii9oa tlia^ oa© %flio io at &oos <li@ta{^0* tfse aiCCor^oee
in tl)@ saipiog of tirafidport por eiectai^e v i i l l»© is-cmcxsic roiit*
transport cost ^ms pl^od ckti itaport^st ti»%& i» thQ ioedtioa of
orop fattoms* Vof> S'Mifi«o*9 sing esc^ itattoro ha# 4«»0fi»tratoa
l^at tho intensity of lao^uoo ^^Jiiocs «itii ^^Q ^istanco from
tho eottlcH^oto*
Von li 'hlliioo Cornral^to^ hlo location thoorf acotmd tho coot
Of trans|)ortatioa anO oc^nimlo roat« Xo an o t t « i ^ to mtploin
%h^ o pEiirtictilas a^iouJ^tssal, product i& qtmm m e Qivmi plot
of lao^ tio oiibstitato^ land cost fo; tronsportat&oo coot (oo<S
vieo voroal imtil im ol»tai^oa tlio lociot e<^t comialoatioo*
?ti© f}0£smtivo l^ois Of von Ttmimn'^s iso^ojl iioft io its
ai^ilicotioa o£ m&c ioal oa^ooisico to tho prot^^s <^ Bul^titutioo
of csm^ ovos- (Sist^oco* 2ho iB0&.< bonovcr tonas to asmsise too
{suct). ror i»stciiico« i t osi}i£i i3 tho coff^ieto availatsiiitf of
ioforaatioD to fasnoro* St also assonies eoi!)p|.oto r a t i ^ a l
QConocaic l^^viour on ttm part of Individuals who must be
»wt
fiSMlI ii€»t «pi0 to Jteostitm* Fa£DQr£» do ^i»e ioHiFiSti^ whdtas
aft preJtiiOiees* tificcm nod codt^ finctuato ^od pmfi ts mmt bo
9£9Sda a t cither ^mn bc^ng £»mm as eertaietlea* e«ei8ioo9
or® ^003^ o& t»@®t ( 088110 ffeith^r tlia» eo^ io t^ !«Ki«r|edti@ ^
tli& {mcQc sari? £a«t!Offs itsvolir^* ^m actaai sitnatlim i s
XQ tl^o vssQom timm tssmsp^t has fOeo cl)afig@& miomt
BiMs&mt>:ik%^» 2hQ OGO of mo teire t r ^ s ^ o r t ami r i^iuigratloi
po£nitd ^ o so^ar:»it of j^ri^a:DJte g&oi^ mos; lox^ aistaseed*
^lio d^t o£ tmisi^art has aaclitiai mte^$ fa tli<i iseta rfs tl!s@3
t^oro ai:© c is!sr faet&ss ^l ie^ hiv& asswstd morn isSami^easee
tlKi!} traaaport in tb@ sslQlalsiatioa o£ emU i*0«# labour isp^^t,
SrrioQtioo iaciiiticSf ^oil coo0titu^te# fertiliss^r afiS
avdlioliility of w&^^ i8put0«
Giiafi Ci97?) c ilQ Qo ©ssQCOTost of v<m ^hvamo^n faoSal of
^grtcoltural Xomdla&o U0d@r Inaiao ^^taitiofia* flis oei^iricsat
«8ai|r@is of e ro^oc! i}att;srii In 3S viliagos of ^i^ti& ^oii
io AUoai^ i3l.0triet of 11^0 1100 loa liici to ee^iMm thut tho
intonsit^' of Xnf teso aooretd^ ^ t ^ ioeronsinn aiotsit^ft frosa
t l ^ soisreo of i rr icpt i^s r a ^ o r ^in Btmi vtclmn sot t la^Bt*
t'tio otiKI^ nhoiffs th^^t tho ifitoRSiti' of lanauso* in tlio vills^os
of ^'ottsil Ka^X ^003 not slioir Atsjf rol^tioBsMp idtti varfiti^
^3t3!:^o fros tho e^ttloc^nt -** imtmB^ i t i^»3^ # gMmtltm&id.p
Boo k Co«, Urn fori:* i^76»
193
yglth varying cJlutsfiea Msmn i r s i ^ t t o f } f ^ i l i t l a s * ^
m® ai»th3c has notoS ^isi% i » t i t^ u t ia^ tismi$ f.»@«« ^€g!i:»i
O is t r i e t CXD^AI d t tl i3 i r i l l a ^ JUn c t&® f asunr # i i l .# w M o g
CI oQision {iboat tl io loeaticm ©£ cr^ps* i s oot io^ltic^sco^ Isiir
t^0 traosport £ac t ^ * Imt tl io ava i leOxl i i ^ of i r r i ^ t l c m . Ttm
l i i to i }0 i tv 1 ^ lan^^isQ a^Qiioos not i n psopc^Ucm t» tim ^« taoco
aroa t l io iS9ttia!i0i}t0« liNxt broailsr i o d i ree t pse^jonsiot} to tho
Oistaaeo iv@o tMo m»m^ of i r r i f s t i o d * ^ho fasnsr ir» vi©& of
t i id iono aii^ ffiiaituim iii^>orime@ tak^s i t i t o ii:oo@iSei;%teiOP tno
imirioas oo»$tciUlfit@ on ao onidrieal. Isasi® im^ msri'vms Qt 3
l3@ u3oa to ol»t@if} tito opticuki ut iUs^t iOD «^ rosottisoos i f i
<Sif£or€^t ir<igi<ms» i i i ^ t l ^ bo^p o^ ii isoar progrsnaiiis i t laa^
bs i>023aiblo to tafeo in to cGRssi^raitios varioiis osiastKsiots ao^
«b^Q9t ae t o ^mieti eQ(5Moati<^ of ests^ 10III im i^toal & i th
i!!&{iiisaia cost ac^ tbo tmaiimm <^af i t* £ t ^ i U thus l»e eomn
thmt i t l o Qot cmo £aetO!r« i*4i*t t^midport* ^ ^ e h aetsmaiDcs ti io
bo8t locat ion tmt a eontMoatioi^ of £aetoro miS th<aii? i i f f i i id»9
eaQesdtiriti td >«
imat i n ioi^^EtiBit tt^m i i «>ot t o os^iaio and Jos t i f y th©
ioeation o£ orope i n to:^ia^ of trani^ic^t e o i t 30 t l ^ mm f l d i n g
£QOtoir» dSHS igiio£ii}0 taan:? oooatraiDtt that oaf l e ^ur storo
4 shaf i t n«« *A@8a@sra t of vm Intncm*® i m ^ ^ o ajsaiirsio i n XnOia* • f ho aoogra^ior# vol« KKSV» »o*l« i9?7» ^«9«
5 ^ tmi i f II*# ^poriipoetiiii'o ^ v&n 'stmmt Elisors'* # tui» a@o0£-apiior«
19^
tmf 6Qff9e as a pr@ilctl-^o too l f&r agr ie iat^ral , ip^dimi^ t o
§hms bam Stttor^ ro^ joireQS Qtso^a tia olHocatoa t o teaielmie®
ie to£a i» t0 t ic aemi^t ioas* i d too O7@r«»ir^ii£ioa t o be of
«of £il{|i}i£ioai}t pntoticcO. <sso t ^ t im iadlvi^aal. fafmsr*
aiKi£i (1932^ msg^estsaa that a w a i ^ i t a ^ ass^MKaaot fssdtcix
COD bo pi^Bsod fo r assoosifig ttto na l ^ tage o£ i n d l v i ^ i a l
£aot^c@ ^ i e h i f i f luonce tho doc i l s l ^ i o r e s i s t o£ lomtiam
o£ o r o ^ » i t i^ i^io holp o£ Cialife Doi^lms t s ^ f i ane t i ^ * n&mvBs,
I D t l ie o^otroo of mof mteti ^ : icHi t i f ie onaSfsle^ tl ie uolgSita^
<!@£ia2i«!iaf}t ma^ri» oao tm g^o ra tc^ Issr ftigH* c!teKliiim# ana loir
iotair"*OQppai;i@a!3a o£ t l ^ inptxt Caetoz®*
s ^ f i £omaiato«l a i ^^o l £^ ^ k l 8 9 #O9QO £is0te}irs if}£l«e!!»s<»
&ng losatiOD of cirQ|?0«i,3»r i r r i cp t i on f tm^tltizm^g seeSa«
0(^l8# la33K»ir# t£^ispo?t aod li!^li3iD^itd« Bo dovol^j^aS ^)o laoSai
t o i l inil ^ lo iralghtaga oi OdC^ i o o ^ r ^ t h ro^ ioet t o mx^ ot^or
Q«» tho l ^ s i s o£ «niiahtafo goolo of vessf h i f h * lii^h# oddi t is
lorn Qoa ir@rf lo&?* «'rt© «r@&0l)t3^o i o t^tas o£ p o i n ^ fo r oi<^
^aetoir i n C9i: p:i2:i@3!3 t i i tD t t e ottior #a« t for to l oat* tltio
QiMimtioo ^ a l l tl io poiot0 iod Jbo t l ^ ao^»x^Datl4»» of
potoofttago naiff ita^o of oaoh foet id c^d f i< ia i% t ^ a ^oc^sioi}
iscitiriii*
sti!i£i t a ^ s tiWQO f io ida is^tli o i is i iar stnactairo* V@^^ Wi
o
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t tc rs tho r<il3tio»shi|» wim eacsri othor* for £i«ida a# & and C«
£a£nQr ttiiitlm tm A i s iO« t^at £os B i s 0 m^ f<^ € i s a^^o
iO* StiQ @eor0 fer iirci at&cm for fi@M a i s as^ £or I0« i*Q»«
total i s 0# of 0 7*5 d ^ € 7«i}«
ffoiaticm to t^o othcur «ii^ tlio tieip o£ mtbjeetivti intm-'
coagatiQtm ti^tcijc* (hi tSte itasio of s»iki»o# tho tsmt {3roeic»i9
ccop im^2id 90 to t^o hi#t sftfiMog locution}* Tunis i t me^f ^m
oooa ^lot i t i s {Kit tho mtmtlVQ aistaoo® ^iel i #itazi^!i^ t^o
tmMmm pmilt Imt tiio w^0ita0@ oi a l&ost of faeteirs cmBid&s^
io Q doeisi^) iKits;i» t ^ t t^ l i d@t@coioo ^ o locati<»i o€ <m^&
i» ro^«et oS meudRssa jpffofit Ct ljtle lOtir} •
m a t t « ^ «as ii»^ 1^ ttio aatiior to tost th» ^^fiitago
aoooossoot a t r ia l as dstiso^ tsf £>ro£®si ihafii io ^as! iriiiogos
o£ ^ e o t i ^ aroii# i»@»# leiUogo Chals ^egn oi eha aio0h# ^ l iaga
r^ag md viUago Choh nira of «lacxni aittriot* tn thm viilogo
Kouv CFig« ?2) i t «3S fotio^ thdt the i%tm&s(si b&si<^bm fiviog
iisc sks taoco to t^ iirrif a t i ^ ontl £@rtiii@ors# ^iiro se^lmsis to
is^iopooto Qod iolxTJir* £0 ^ ^ triiiogo ^og ^^^ €i^X^ wo o
tahon i3|> oo a tost easo Cos* tioighteicH» ftssesesaost laa^i^* Mi
tlio four fioi<2o boiooo ^ ti o scaao foissi^ of viliaigo Kmif•
f^l
VILLAGE KANG ( T E H S I L R A N B I R S I N G H P U R A )
D I S T R I C T JAMMU EMPIRIC AL ,MODEL FOR THE RELATIVE
ASSESSMEN TOP LOCATION OFCROPS
SETTLEMENT
1 0 0 lOO 2 0 0
METRES
3 0 0 4 ' 0 0
I
NOTE: FIELDS A, rf,C AND D BELONG TO ONE FARMER WHO WAS
INTERVIEWED DUf^ING THg COURSE OF FIELD WO»K.
THEVILLAGE MAP SHOWmb THE FIELD BOUNOAHIES *
WAS OBTAINED FROM THE REVENUE DE PA R TME NT, JAMMU
Fig.72 I '1
i9B
the fms^r 0.VQS ^glitag© t© tfea various V2ff4at>X*s ili@«m i s
in ISt ^iat oS 0 3tS# o€ C i2 md d£ o 3.0« Th& seoros are
9l.v<m ttiiSoTfi®^^ meh* ^*B wtaX ie ll.« o'a iQ#4| of c ©«0
and B 9*2* &h® C etaes iSotoxoinas tho emioitivity of oaoti
factaff id colatii^ to tho othcs i^l^ ttio help of tii&Joctivo
ioto^coqpaffiocs mt«i»* So ^ o ^si@ of rankisg^ tho @08t
procio^ss cffo:> sliould go to tho hl#J eao^ng Jloc#tl^9« I t tme
bo®;) foooa ^ a t i t io oot ool^ tl^ aistm^o nAtieh Ootemioos
th@ C3ii8lsm3si £i£ofit tmt i t io a t»^t of otl»o£ faot^s eoooia^^co^
if} a 4oeioi<^ matris i^at t^U ^tsar^no ^ o ioe^tioo ^ ccoi^
in tmap&at of laaxifiiKs profit C aMo iWfll *
Xo tJio v i i i o ^ cbak tUfto GtS I Siii@ti <Fi9« 75) of «T Biti
iistriot* i t tras foaod th:it tlio tsiX:mQS beoi^of @i9iiig in^rtaoeo
to tho IsslQUtimi aoa foftiUcero* l&y stroco cm AoodUi 3IN3
is^Qcaoota aJloo* tn tHo viliago Chak fiiao mMm nin^t tmst tieim
%ior<3 talcoo up ao a tost oaso for imiQbtago asaoocKSaat mixtis*
?ai tlK> four fioia^ bDio»g to tho om® tmsme of viiiaga ^ hali
Man i iakha riingh* ?a^o lOe^S 8II€K^ tN» roiatioftohip with oaoti
o^or* For f i o i ^ .%$ Ot C Qua 0 t^o famiar glii^o itradghta^o
to tta trorioiio irAi abioo sfiotirti in poroaotago* f o roapoct of
SI 3
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273
VILLAGE CHAKMIAN SUKHA SINGH (TEHSIL B ISHNA)
DISTRICT JAMMU EWPIRrCAL MODEL FOB
T HE RELATIVE
ASSESSMENT OF
LOCATION OFCROPS
SETTLEMENT
METRES
3 0 0 4 0 0
N O T E : F I E L D S A , B , C A N O 0 BELONG TO ONE FARMER WHO WAS
INTERVIEWED DURING THE C OUR S E OF FIE L D WO R K .
THE VILLAGE MAP SHOWING THE FIELD BOUNDARIES
WAS OBTAINED FROM THE REVENUE DEPA R T MEN T, J AMMU
F i9 .73
tot
gttigatkoat ^m m^^it^go acta!.® of c!jl<!l A %& U% th»t o£ 0 IS* ^ c i d ati^ of 0 ZQ* ^tid @coreis aro a i v ^ isail^siidAtli eac^* h*B
H&zass 4&tQssalmm t^o sensitivity of mx^ t^^tor in t^jsMtm
to ttK3 othoir M ^ tite hdip of attl>ie«tiire int^c^jf^triiios
ir^ti^x* On nm 2msi@ of cmitkiijg, m& emat prociooi evi^ i ioaidi
90 to tuo High irankiiio loeatlof}@» St has bo^ foi^i^ ^lat i t
ii3 not ooi'j tm ai@tai»so ^tiioh 4otesndnoe ^ o tmstimm pvofit^
b»t i t io o boat of ot ojr faetoro consi^roa in « 4«cioiim
in^tein tiiat t^ i i aotosmimi tho iocnticRi oi crops io emwp^t of
imidtoes pix^fit C alsio HKvnsI*
Xo tbo oane laamsoir tho oi2l >r ocSeo^iS t^roo fioiais I>oioo0«
Ing to ^ o Qesm S&mn^ io viJUago Ctiali HiirQ Cf i9« t4) nork^^
oat tho wei^itago ooai^sraosit t/n tho i&ttsmt for oa*^ imriabio
&iC also i£i rospoets of m<^ fioia oo ohexti in tablo Kidrsxs,
m rasp@ot of irrigQtim2« tho ti^gftitairo ocalo Gi il&M h io iO»
that of 0 io iO mtO, of C 8« ?tio SC J QC sro qi^m ixoaojeiiocith
oaon, 4V0 tot£ki io a«l* 3*0 i8 ?•? 01^ of c ?•?. On ^10 Moio
of caokiog* tSio oost i^i^oious ocoi @tiooia 00 to t^o hiffi
rooMog iiK^tiooo. Io r^pcot of fortiiisoro for ttto throe
fioiao* io tho Joa^ooi^t of tiso f amor tho isi^ortsiaoa of
f@rUii»or for fioid A io 2«$, ^^liio for 0 i t io 3 aod for c
i t io ooaio 2*5 e9)!^oetivoi]r«
? l ^ formor aotcirmiooo t£^ o@ooiti9ity of otittt foetor io
o
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: ' ^iTf. VILLAGE CHAKHIRA
' t i l l I
N
(TEHSIL J.AMMU)
DISTRICT JArMMU.
THE HtLAriVi. ASSESSMENT O f
LOCATION OF CHOPS.
«oo
N O T E : FIELDS A .BANDC BEL ONG TO ONE FARMER WHO WAS
• NtERVlEWED DURING THE COURSE OF FIELD WORK,
THE V ILLAGE MAP SHOWING THE FIELD BOUNDARIES
WAS OBTAINED FROM THE REVENUE ,DEPAP TMEN T, JAMMU •
FI9. 74
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r9lati<^ to tbm atime with tlie tuiip o£ 8^j@«itl9o iistiur*
iai»t pSQCiooiS ei»3^ to tM h i ^ rafiMfi^' iocations*
Xt tms tm&n ^si^nrod b^ ^»» «til^ioe l^mt its t£i@ ifiU.11^9
o£ ^ o @ t i ^ arQa# t)&«^^3s iffiri0etiQi}« vUxl^h i s t ^ «ft|»r
4et@coi{ia9t of o r ^ ^ u g patt«rfi9» tii@£@ aro other £«Metor9
iovoiiroa io t^m defVoa.op3@Dt of es^plfiti ^tt@£ti» vtmsm tmtt&eQ
ioeii^lo aii£ero{}eas in soil f o r t i i i ^ v limited ««» of modmm
td^aicai ii^iits* t m ^ t i o t } ^ fwttic%r^Dt pattemot tsso^
pc&&ciSQtm®i5 of d i f f orost otltaio gsmxp&p «&@te a^^ oleosa
int^ractiono wtiich hatro «troiig iso^jri^ mmt ttm ^m0opmm
a^a edati^oa pattsrna o€ ewop cocdbifiatiGfia*