Upload
others
View
0
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Scie
ntifi
c n
am
e: P
arin
ari
cur
ate
llifo
liaFa
mily
: Chr
yso
ba
lanc
ea
eC
om
mo
n na
me
s:
Mo
bo
la
plu
m,
gry
sap
pe
l, b
osa
pp
el,
Mm
ola
, M
bul
wa
, M
ob
ola
, M
uvhu
la,
Umkh
una
Ori
gin
an
d d
istr
ibu
tio
nM
ob
ola
plu
m is
na
tive
to
Afri
ca
. It
is w
ide
ly d
istrib
-ut
ed
fro
m S
ene
ga
l and
Ke
nya
to th
e s
out
hern
pa
rt o
f M
pum
ala
nga
a
nd
Swa
zila
nd,
tow
ard
s Zi
m-
ba
bw
e a
nd th
e n
orth
ern
pa
rt o
f Lim
po
po
Pro
vinc
e.
Gro
win
g a
reas
in S
ou
th A
fric
aIt
is fo
und
in th
e w
ild in
Mp
uma
lang
a a
nd L
imp
op
o
pro
vinc
es.
Des
crip
tio
nM
ob
ola
plu
m i
s a
n e
verg
ree
n, t
rop
ica
l fru
it tre
e
with
a
m
ushr
oo
m-li
ke
sha
pe
a
nd
gro
ws
up
to
20 m
tall.
Stem
The
ste
m is
ba
re a
nd d
ens
e, w
ith a
roun
d to
mus
h-ro
om
-sha
pe
d c
row
n a
nd b
ranc
hes
tha
t d
roo
p a
ll a
roun
d. A
t ce
rtain
tim
es
of t
he y
ea
r, p
arti
cul
arly
in
hot w
ea
the
r, it
ca
n e
mit
an
unp
lea
sant
od
our
.
Bar
kTh
e b
ark
is d
ark
gre
y a
nd ro
ugh.
Leav
esTh
e le
ave
s a
re d
ark
gre
en
on
top,
ha
iry a
nd g
rey
to y
ello
w u
nde
rne
ath
on
a s
hort
pe
tiole
.
Flo
wer
sM
ob
ola
plu
m f
low
ers
are
sm
all,
whi
te a
nd s
we
et-
sce
nte
d a
nd o
cc
ur i
n sh
ort
pa
nic
les
(4 t
o 6
cm
d
iam
ete
r) in
the
lea
f axil
s. T
he s
talks
and
ca
lyx
are
c
ove
red
with
ye
llow
ish,
wo
olly
ha
irs.
The
bise
xua
l flo
we
rs h
ave
five
se
pa
ls, fi
ve p
eta
ls, s
eve
n o
r mo
re
sta
me
ns a
nd a
tw
o-c
ham
be
red
ova
ry.
The
sta
-m
ens
are
join
ed
at t
he b
ase
in a
ring
tha
t is
inse
rt-e
d in
to th
e m
out
h o
f the
rec
ep
tac
le.
Fru
itFr
uit i
s o
val t
o ro
und
and
30
to 5
0 m
m lo
ng, y
ello
w-
red
in
co
lour
, tu
rnin
g b
row
n a
s it
ripe
ns.
It ha
s a
ro
ugh,
sc
aly
skin
, w
ith g
old
en
co
lour
ed
wa
rts o
n th
e s
urfa
ce.
Clim
ate
and
so
il re
qu
irem
ents
, te
mp
erat
ure
The
mo
bo
la p
lum
is s
ens
itive
to
ext
rem
e w
ea
the
r, su
ch
as
frost
and
co
ld w
ind
s. It
gro
ws
we
ll a
t me
an
min
imum
and
ma
ximum
te
mp
era
ture
s o
f 10
ºC
a
nd 3
0 ºC
, re
spe
ctiv
ely.
Rai
nfa
llM
ob
ola
plu
m m
ost
ly g
row
s in
are
as
with
a m
ea
n a
nnua
l ra
infa
ll o
f ±40
0 m
m.
Soil
It p
refe
rs l
ight
ye
llow
ish-b
row
n to
re
dd
ish-y
ello
w,
sand
y c
lay
loa
ms,
red
to d
ark
red
, fria
ble
cla
ys w
ith
a la
terit
e h
oriz
on,
and
ye
llow
-red
loa
my
sand
s. T
his
tree
oc
cur
s p
rima
rily
on
we
ll-d
rain
ed
so
ils,
fairl
y a
cid
and
sa
ndy
soils
.
Cu
ltiv
atio
n p
ract
ices
PRO
PAG
ATIO
N
The
pla
nt is
pro
pa
ga
ted
thro
ugh
see
d, c
op
pic
e o
r su
cke
rs.
Soil
pre
par
atio
nSo
il p
rep
ara
tion
is b
est
do
ne a
mo
nth
or m
ore
be
-fo
re p
lant
ing
so
tha
t the
so
il ha
s tim
e to
se
ttle.
Dig
a
60
cm
de
ep
by
1, 2
m s
qua
re h
ole
, inc
orp
ora
t-in
g a
s m
uch
org
ani
c m
ate
rial a
s p
oss
ible
with
the
a
im to
ge
t the
so
il in
to a
cru
mb
ly te
xtur
e.
Pla
nti
ng
Co
llec
t fre
sh s
ee
ds
from
the
tre
e. C
lea
n th
e f
lesh
a
wa
y a
nd d
ry t
he s
ee
d in
the
sha
de.
Pre
trea
t th
e
see
d b
y im
me
rsin
g t
hem
in
bo
iling
wa
ter
for
15
min
ute
s a
nd a
llow
ing
the
m to
co
ol a
nd th
en
soa
k-in
g fo
r 24
hour
s. S
ow
the
se
ed
s in
rive
r sa
nd in
a fl
at
see
dlin
g t
ray.
Pr
ess
the
se
ed
s d
ow
n un
til t
hey
are
le
vel w
ith s
oil
surfa
ce
and
co
ver w
ith a
thin
laye
r of
sand
. Tra
nsp
lant
the
se
ed
ling
int
o a
nur
sery
ba
g
whe
n th
ey
rea
ch
the
3-le
af
sta
ge.
Tra
nsp
lant
the
se
ed
ling
into
the
ve
ld o
r ga
rde
n a
fter t
wo
ye
ars
.
Pes
t co
ntr
ol
Infe
sta
tion
of w
ee
vils’
larv
ae
in th
e s
tone
of P
.cur
a-
telli
folia
de
stro
ys t
he s
ee
d a
nd in
duc
es
lea
f d
rop.
N
em
ato
de
s a
nd g
roun
d b
ee
tles
(Ca
rab
ids)
ca
n b
e u
sed
as
bio
log
ica
l co
ntro
l ag
ent
s. T
he n
em
a-
tod
es
ca
n b
e in
trod
uce
d in
to th
e s
oil
whe
re
the
y a
re a
ctiv
e t
o f
ee
d o
n th
e w
ee
vil l
arv
ae.
Gro
und
b
ee
tles
also
fe
ed
on
we
evi
l g
rub
s, p
upa
e a
nd
agric
ultu
re,
fore
stry
& fi
sher
ies
Dep
artm
ent:
Agr
icul
ture
, For
estr
y an
d F
ishe
ries
RE
PU
BL
IC O
F S
OU
TH
AF
RIC
A
Dir
ecto
rate
: Pla
nt
Pro
du
ctio
n
• m
ob
ola
plu
m •
• m
ob
ola
plu
m •
2012
D
ep
artm
ent
of A
gric
ultu
re
Pr
iva
te B
ag
X25
0, P
reto
ria 0
001
D
esig
n a
nd la
yout
by
D
irec
tora
te C
om
mun
ica
tion
Serv
ice
s
ad
ults
. It
is a
dvi
sab
le t
o a
pp
ly r
ec
om
me
nde
d in
-se
ctic
ide
to
co
ntro
l ad
ult
we
evi
ls b
efo
re e
gg
lay-
ing
sta
rts.
Har
vest
ing
mat
uri
tyTh
e tr
ee
sta
rts to
be
ar f
ruit
from
Oc
tob
er t
o J
anu
ary
. Th
e f
ruit
ca
n b
e h
arv
est
ed
whe
n it
turn
s ye
llow
or-
ang
e a
nd t
his
is d
one
by
hand
pic
king
. Th
e f
ruit
ofte
n fa
lls to
the
gro
und
be
fore
fully
ma
ture
.
Use
s Th
e ri
pe
fru
it is
ed
ible
and
ric
h in
vita
min
C.
It c
an
be
co
oke
d a
s p
orri
dg
e o
r m
ad
e i
nto
be
er.
The
c
rush
ed
pul
p o
f the
frui
t is
an
ing
red
ient
in m
akin
g
juic
e. I
t c
an
also
be
use
d a
s d
ried
fo
od
. Th
e o
il-e
nric
hed
nut
s a
re e
ate
n a
lone
or m
ixed
with
ve
g-
eta
ble
s a
nd a
re c
ons
ide
red
as
alm
ond
s su
bst
i-tu
tes.
The
ed
ible
oil
is us
ed
fo
r c
oo
king
or
the
p
rod
uctio
n o
f pa
int,
varn
ish a
nd s
oa
p.
Oth
er u
ses
An e
xtra
ct f
rom
the
ba
rk is
use
d in
tann
ing
and
for
dyi
ng in
ba
ske
try.
It is
rep
orte
d t
hat
a r
oo
ts a
nd
ba
rk i
nfus
ion
is us
ed
fo
r th
e t
rea
tme
nt o
f sn
ake
-b
ites,
too
tha
che
and
fra
ctu
res.
The
twig
s a
re u
sed
a
s c
hew
stic
ks.
Mo
bo
la p
lum
tim
be
r is
very
dur
a-
ble
, ha
rd a
nd h
ea
vy a
nd i
s o
ften
use
d f
or
fine
w
oo
dw
ork
, mo
rtars
, ca
noe
s a
nd m
ine
tim
be
r. Po
or
qua
lity
timb
er
as
a r
esu
lt o
f w
ea
the
r e
xpo
sure
is
use
d fo
r ba
sic b
uild
ing
pur
po
ses
suc
h a
s p
ole
s fo
r hu
ts a
nd s
hed
s.
Ref
eren
ces
1. J
ule
s, J
. and
Ro
be
rt, E
. P.,
(ed
.).20
08. T
he e
ncyc
lop
ed
ia o
f
fruits
and
nut
s. C
AB In
tern
atio
nal.
Ca
mb
ridg
e U
nive
rsity
Pre
ss, W
ellin
gto
n, o
xfo
rdsh
ire, U
K. p
. 258
.
2. D
eve
lop
me
nt, S
ec
urity
and
Co
op
era
tion
(DSC
). 20
08. L
ost
cro
ps
of A
fric
a: V
olu
me
III:
Frui
ts. T
he N
atio
nal A
ca
de
mic
Pre
ss, W
ash
ing
ton,
D.C
.
3. M
aha
raj,
V. a
nd G
len,
H. F
., 20
08. P
arin
ari
cur
ate
llifo
lia
Pla
nch.
ex
Bent
h.
4. V
ent
er,
F. a
nd V
ent
er,
J., 2
005.
Ma
king
the
mo
st o
f
in
dig
eno
us tr
ee
s. B
riza
pub
lica
tions
, Pre
toria
.
FURT
HER
INFO
RMAT
ION
CA
N B
E O
BTA
INED
FRO
M:
Dire
cto
rate
: Pla
nt P
rod
uctio
n.
Priv
ate
Ba
g X
250,
Pre
toria
, 000
1
Tel:
012
319
6072
Fax:
012
319
637
2
E-m
ail:
DPP
@d
aff.
go
v.za