Modern Arch Le Corbu W Gropius

8/20/2019 Modern Arch Le Corbu W Gropius

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Shri Ram College of Architecture I 3rd Year I Semester VI I Theory of Design I 2012-13 Shri Ram Group of Colleges

Moni bhardwaj

Modern Architects

Scientist

InventorArtist

Architect

Artist

Poet

Author

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/3764358076/architectureb-20http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0810934949/architectureb-20http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.borxu.com/corbu/images/modular.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.borxu.com/corbu/html/modular.html&usg=__ZCnUIVVWo4g2DA7LFsHeqIx9E6c=&h=265&w=250&sz=63&hl=en&start=4&sig2=io_U23Jd9C5Gp0TBlFtXgw&um=1&tbnid=uQNzP6yqlNzzSM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=106&ei=TTCBSYyHAdCs-gb264RP&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmodular%2Bman%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7GGIE_en%26sa%3DN


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Walter Gropius

Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (May 18, 1883 – July 5, 1969) was a German architect and founder of

the Bauhaus School,[1] who, along with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and OscarNiemeyer, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture

Gropius's career advanced in the postwar period. Henry van de Velde, the master of the Grand-DucalSaxon School of Arts and Crafts in Weimar was asked to step down in 1915 due to his Belgiannationality. His recommendation for Gropius to succeed him led eventually to Gropius's appointmentas master of the school in 1919. It was this academy which Gropius transformed into the worldfamous Bauhaus, attracting a faculty that included Paul Klee, Johannes Itten, Josef Albers, Herbert

Bayer, László Moholy-Nagy, Otto Bartning and Wassily Kandinsky. One example product of theBauhaus was the armchair F 51, designed for the Bauhaus's directors room in 1920 - nowadays a re-edition in the market, manufactured by the German company TECTA/Lauenfoerde.

In 1919, Gropius was involved in the Glass Chain utopian expressionist correspondence under thepseudonym "Mass." Usually more notable for his functionalist approach, the "Monument to theMarch Dead," designed in 1919 and executed in 1920, indicates that expressionism was an influenceon him at that time.

In 1923, Gropius designed his famous door handles, now considered an icon of 20th-century designand often listed as one of the most influential designs to emerge from Bauhaus. He also designedlarge-scale housing projects in Berlin, Karlsruhe and Dessau in 1926-32 that were majorcontributions to the New Objectivity movement, including a contribution to the Siemensstadt projectin Berlin.


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Bauhaus (built 1925 –1926) in Dessau,Germany

Walter Gropius's Monument to theMarch Dead (1921) dedicated to thememory of nine workers who died inWeimar resisting the Kapp Putsch

Gropius House (1938) in Lincoln,Massachusetts

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bauhaus.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bauhaus.JPG


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Reception_stair.jpg (725 × 480 pixels, file size: 295 KB, MIME type


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Le Corbusier

Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, better known as Le Corbusier(French: [lə kɔʁbyzje]; October 6, 1887 – August 27,1965), was an architect, designer, urbanist, and writer,famous for being one of the pioneers of what is nowcalled modern architecture. He was born in Switzerland

and became a French citizen in 1930. His career spannedfive decades, with his buildings constructed throughoutEurope, India and America. He was a pioneer in studies ofmodern high design and was dedicated to providing

better living conditions for the residents of crowded

cities. He was awarded the Frank P. Brown Medal and AIA

Gold Medal in 1961.

Le Corbusier adopted his pseudonym in the 1920s,allegedly deriving it in part from the name of an ancestor,"Lecorbésier."


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It was Le Corbusier's Villa Savoye (1929 –1931) that most succinctlysummed up his five points of architecture that he had elucidated in the

journal L'Esprit Nouveau and his book Vers une architecture, which he

had been developing throughout the 1920s. First, Le Corbusier lifted thebulk of the structure off the ground, supporting it by pilotis – reinforcedconcrete stilts. These pilotis, in providing the structural support for thehouse, allowed him to elucidate his next two points: a free façade,meaning non-supporting walls that could be designed as the architectwished, and an open floor plan, meaning that the floor space was free

to be configured into rooms without concern for supporting walls. Thesecond floor of the Villa Savoye includes long strips of ribbon windowsthat allow unencumbered views of the large surrounding yard, andwhich constitute the fourth point of his system. The fifth point was theroof garden to compensate for the green area consumed by the buildingand replacing it on the roof. A ramp rising from ground level to the third

floor roof terrace allows for an architectural promenade through thestructure. The white tubular railing recalls the industrial "ocean-liner"aesthetic that Le Corbusier much admired. As if to put an exclamationmark after Le Corbusier's homage to modern industry, the drivewayaround the ground floor, with its semicircular path, measures the exactturning radius of a 1927 Citroën automobile.


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Le Corbusier Quotes

• I prefer drawing to talking. Drawing is faster, and leaves less room forlies.

Less, Lies,Talking• A house is a machine for living in.Architecture, Living,House• The home should be the treasure chest of living.Living,Treasure• Architecture is the learned game, correct and magnificent, of forms

assembled in the light.Architecture, Game,Learned• Space and light and order. Those are the things that men need just as

much as they need bread or a place to sleep.Men, Sleep,Need• A hundred times have I thought New York is a catastrophe and 50

times: It is a beautiful catastrophe.Beautiful, Thought, Times• To create architecture is to put in order. Put what in order? Function

and objects.Create, … • ‘The styles are a lie.’


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Le Corbusier Quotes . . .

‘The object of this edict is to enlighten the present and future citizens

of Chandigarh about the basic concepts of planning of the city so thatthey become its guardians and save it from whims of individuals.’ ‘The city of Chandigarh is planned to human scale. It puts us in touch

with the infinite cosmos and nature. It provides us with the places andbuildings for all human activities by which the citizens can live a fulland harmonious life. Here the radiance of nature and heart are within

our reach.’ ‘A ramp provides gradual ascent from the pilotis, creating totallydifferent sensations than those felt when climbing stairs. A staircaseseparates one floor from another: a ramp links them together.’


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Le Corbusier Quotes . . .

‘You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these three materials

you build houses and palaces. That is construction. Ingenuity is at work.But suddenly, you touch my heart, you do me good, I am happy and Isay: 'This is beautiful.' That is architecture. Art enters in. My house ispractical. I thank you as I might thank Railway engineers, or theTelephone service. You have not touched my heart.

But suppose that walls rise toward heaven in such a way that I am

moved. I perceive your intentions. Your mood has been gentle, brutal,charming, or noble. The stones you have erected tell me so. You fix meto the place and my eyes regard it. They behold something whichexpresses a thought. A thought which reveals itself without word orsound, but solely by means of shapes which stand in a certainrelationship to one another. These shapes are such that they are clearly

revealed in light. The relationships between them have not necessarilyany reference to what is practical or descriptive. They are amathematical creation of your mind. They are the language ofArchitecture. By the use of raw materials and starting from conditionsmore or less utilitarian, you have established certain relationships whichhave aroused my emotions. This is Architecture.


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The Modulor

Le Corbusier explicitly used the golden

ratio in his Modulor system for the

scale of architectural proportion. He saw

this system as a continuation of the long

tradition of Vitruvius, Leonardo da

Vinci's "Vitruvian Man", the work of

Leon Battista Alberti, and others who

used the proportions of the human body

to improve the appearance and function

of architecture. In addition to the golden

ratio, Le Corbusier based the system onhuman measurements, Fibonacci

numbers, and the double unit.

He took Leonardo's suggestion of the

golden ratio in human proportions to an

extreme: he sectioned his model human

body's height at the navel with the two

sections in golden ratio, then subdividedthose sections in golden ratio at the

knees and throat; he used these golden

ratio proportions in the Modulor system.

.

A Fibonacci spiral,created by drawingarcs connecting theopposite corners ofsquares in theFibonacci tiling

shown above – seegolden spiral

A tiling with squareswhose sides aresuccessive Fibonacci

numbers in length

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.borxu.com/corbu/images/modular.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.borxu.com/corbu/html/modular.html&usg=__ZCnUIVVWo4g2DA7LFsHeqIx9E6c=&h=265&w=250&sz=63&hl=en&start=4&sig2=io_U23Jd9C5Gp0TBlFtXgw&um=1&tbnid=uQNzP6yqlNzzSM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=106&ei=TTCBSYyHAdCs-gb264RP&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmodular%2Bman%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7GGIE_en%26sa%3DNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FibonacciBlocks.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fibonacci_spiral.svg


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The Modulor

Le Corbusier's 1927 Villa Stein in Garches exemplified the

Modulor system's application. The villa's rectangular ground

plan, elevation, and inner structure closely approximate golden

rectangles.

Le Corbusier placed systems of harmony and proportion at

the centre of his design philosophy, and his faith in the

mathematical order of the universe was closely bound to the

golden section and the Fibonacci series, which he described as

"rhythms apparent to the eye and clear in their relationswith one another . And these rhythms are at the very root of

human activities. They resound in Man by an organic

inevitability, the same fine inevitability which causes the tracing

out of the Golden Section by children, old men, savages, and

the learned.

The Open Hand

The Open Hand Monument in Chandigarh, India

The Open Hand (La Main Ouverte) is a recurring motif in Le

Corbusier's architecture, a sign for him of "peace and

reconciliation. It is open to give and open to receive." The

largest of the many Open Hand sculptures that Le Corbusier

created is a 28 meter high version in Chandigarh, India knownas Open Hand Monument.


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A Fibonacci spiral,created by drawingarcs connecting theopposite corners ofsquares in theFibonacci tiling shownabove – see goldenspiral

A tiling with squareswhose sides aresuccessive Fibonaccinumbers in length

Architectural Proportions

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fibonacci_spiral.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FibonacciBlocks.svg


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Le Corbusier & Steven Holl ” Past Continuous Inspiration” 2

Conscious Inspiration “Facades” »

Le Corbusier & Tadao Ando “Conscious Inspiration”

Tadao Ando unlike most contemporary architects did not receive any formal architecturalschooling. Instead, he trained himself by reading and traveling extensively through Africa,

Europe, and the United States.

Tadao Ando was studying architecture by going to see actual buildings, and reading booksabout them. His first interest in architecture was nourished in tadao’s 15 by buying a book

of Le Corbusier sketches. “I traced the drawings of his early period so many times, that all

pages turned black,” says Tadao Ando: “in my mind I quite often wonder how Le Corbusier

would have thought about this project or that.“


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Documents

Modern Arch Le Corbu W Gropius