Modern vegetation mapping of the boreal forest biome ofof the boreal forest biome of the Eastern European Russiat e aste u opea uss a

Ogureeva Galina N., Chernenkova Tatiana V., Puzachenko Mikchail J., Morozova Оlga V.,Vladivostok - 2012Tikhonova Еlena V., Kadetov Nikita G.

The purpose of our research is revealing

d di it fa modern diversity of forest vegetation East European partEast-European part of taiga Biome and regularities of itsregularities of its distribution for the creation of a series different-scales maps of actual vegetation on this territory.

Map of the vegetativeMap of the vegetative cover, based on MODISdata, 2011)

Cartographical materials and publications are put in a basis of work: map “Vegetation of the USSR”, “Vegetation of the European part of the USSR and Transcaucasia, “ Map of the Natural Vegetation of Europe” and series of

i l “V t ti f th M ” “V t tiregional maps: “Vegetation of the Moscow area”, “Vegetation of the Kola Peninsula”, “Vegetation of the Transvolga area”

For work the following positions are acceptedg p p• Boreal forests are considered as a part

of Boreal Biome in territory of East European Plain in structure of zone divisions: forest-tundra open forests, north-, middle-, south-taiga forests andnorth , middle , south taiga forests and a strip of broad-leaved-coniferous forestsTh l i h l i l• The ecologic-morphological classification of plant communities for display of a current diversity of borealdisplay of a current diversity of boreal forests is used.

• The application of its in cartographical pp g pmodeling will provide an effective estimation of its state, and use of the i f i i diff hi linformation in different geographical regions of the taiga Biome .

F k th f ll i iti t dFor a work the following positions are accepted

The scheme corresponds to the structure of The scheme corresponds to the structure of divisions of a boreal zone accepted for CBVM. It is using a combination of physiognomic, g p y g ,structural, vegetation-typological, climatic, site-related and geographical features to create

i hi hi l lvarious hierarchic levels. The highest level of classification includes

li i ll b d l d d hi iclimatically based zonal and edaphic vegetation formations. G hi l i t f b l f t h ld Geographical variants of boreal forests should be correlated to scheme of phyto-geographical divisions into districtsdivisions into districts.

Ecoregions of RussiaEcoregions of Russia

ECOREGIONSOgureeva G.N., 2010

Ecoregions of the East-European Plain g

109Regional complexes of plant formations

15in limits of ecoregions are allocated.

16

23 2424

9 – Kola-Karelia hypoarctic boreal, 10 – Mezeno-Pechora hypoarctic boreal, 15 – Pre-Baltic-Vetluga boreal, 16 – Pre-Ural boreal, 23 – Smolensk-Volga hemiboreal, 24 – Kama r. hemiboreal

Allocation of ecoregions is confirmed with the statistical analysis of climatic parameters on the territory EEP.

The borders are corrected by climatic features.

MAIBIO1 = Annual Mean TemperaturepBIO2 = Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp))BIO3 = Isothermality (BIO2/BIO7) (* 100)BIO4 = Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100)BIO5 = Max Temperature of Warmest MonthBIO5 Max Temperature of Warmest MonthBIO6 = Min Temperature of Coldest MonthBIO7 = Temperature Annual Range (BIO5-BIO6)BIO8 = Mean Temperature of Wettest QuarterBIO9 = Mean Temperature of Driest QuarterBIO9 Mean Temperature of Driest QuarterBIO10 = Mean Temperature of Warmest QuarterBIO11 = Mean Temperature of Coldest QuarterBIO12 = Annual PrecipitationBIO13 = Precipitation of Wettest MonthBIO13 = Precipitation of Wettest MonthBIO14 = Precipitation of Driest MonthBIO15 = Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation)BIO16 = Precipitation of Wettest QuarterBIO17 = Precipitation of Driest QuarterBIO17 = Precipitation of Driest QuarterBIO18 = Precipitation of Warmest QuarterBIO19 = Precipitation of Coldest QuarterN

V.I.1.1. European north boreal typesDraft of legend for Eurasian boreal

vegetation (CBVM)Offered variants

vegetation (CBVM)

V.I.1.2. European middle boreal types

V.I.1.2.1. North European spruce forests East Scandinavian (Karelia)

V.I.1.2.2. Northeast Europeanhygrophilous spruce forests

East European (Ladoga-Vychegda r.)

V.I.1.2.3. Northeast European spruce f. p p

V.I.1.3. European south boreal types

V.I.1.3.1. Fennoscandinavian moss-rich spruce forests (Picea abies) with dwarf

East Scandinavian moss-rich spruce forests (Picea abies) with dwarf shrubs and herbaceousspruce forests (Picea abies) with dwarf

shrubs and herbaceous plants, locally alternating with pine and spruce mires.

(Picea abies) with dwarf shrubs and herbaceous plants

V.I.1.3.2. Scandinavian-east European East European (Pre-Baltic-Vetluga) taiga of pspruce forests (Picea abies, in the east Picea abies x P. obovata), partly with Tilia cordata, and Corylus avelliana, with h b d f h b d

p ( g ) gspruce (Picea abies) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests with Oxalis acetosella and nemoral herb species (Galeobdolon luteum, Hepatica nobilis, St ll i h l t P l i b )herbs, dwarf shrubs and mosses Stellaria holostea, Pulmonaria obscura)

Pre-Ural taiga consists of spruce and fir-spruce (Picea obovata, Abies sibirica) forests with nemoral herbs (Pulmonaria obscura Asarumnemoral herbs (Pulmonaria obscura, Asarum europaeum, Aegopodium podagraria) and Siberian tall forb species (Aconitum septentrionale, Crepis sibirica, Cacalia hastata)

Researched regions

Modeling territories in li i f i limits of ecoregions

The modeling scheme of vegetation cover structureData of the field investigationsinvestigations Base of the

cartographical data

Materials of satellite shooting

Cl ifi tiClassification

Interpolation of typified local characteristics on a regional level

The general software (GIS)

The applied software

Materials of Base of thesatellite shooting

Base of the cartographical

dataClassification

Interpolation of typified regional characteristics on a global level

• Forest inventory data

The main used information sources:• Forest inventory data• Remote sensing data•Topographic maps

•Field Research Materials

p g p p• Vegetating maps

Morphometrical characteristics of a relief (Advances in Digital Terrain

Classification: the modeling scheme of vegetation cover structure

Morphometrical characteristics of a relief (Advances in Digital Terrain Analysis, 2008), considered on basis Digital Model of a Relief with a method of the step-by-step discriminate analysis.Th li t f i di t t b dd d ith i di t li tiThe list of indicator parameters can be added with indicators climatic, moisture soils, soil building rock, features of economic activities etc.

Environmental characteristics for each pixel

Remote

Field data

= fDEM

Remote sensing data

Th ti

Model territory

Thematic maps

Different season satelliteDifferent season satelliteimages of various systems(Landsat Spot Aster etc )(Landsat, Spot, Aster etc.),recording conditions of aterrestrial surface areterrestrial surface areused.

Modeling site – Kola Peninsula (fragment of a vegetation map)

(scale 1:100 000)

LegendLegendTundraNival-glacial zone

Glacial and nival zoneStone goltsy barrens

dwarf shrubs and lichensdwarf shrubs

Open coniferous-birch woodlands

Stone goltsy barrenssedges and Juncus trifidus-dwarf shrubsdwarf shrubs

Disconnected vegetation with epilithic lichens and fragments of moss communities in stone goltsy barrens

lichen, moss-lichen, dwarf shrub-lichen-mossh b d f h b li h T li i l

Forestsherb-dwarf shrub-lichen (Trapeliopsis granulosa)dwarf shrub

prostrate dwarf shrub with moss (Pohlia nutans)spruce

dwarf shrub-moss lichen and moss-lichen

pine MiresDwarf shrub peatmoss

dwarf shrub-cortical lichen (Trapeliopsis granulosa)dwarf shrub-liverworts (Barbilophozia spp.)dwarf shrubsgrass (Avenella flexuosa)-dwarf shrub

dwarf shrub-herb-moss dwarf shrub-peatmossherbnemoral

p

Water

Dwarf shrub-peatmoss Sedge-herb-peatmoss

dwarf shrub, grass (Avenella flexuosa) - dwarf shrub, dwarf shrub- liverworts (Barbilophozia spp.)

dwarf shrub-lichen (Trapeliopsis granulosa)

dwarf shrub-moss (Polytrichum spp )

lichen moss-lichen dwarf shrub-moss dwarf shrub-peatmoss herb-peatmoss nemoral

Settlers

Lakes and riversPolluted water bodiesbirch

dwarf shrub-moss, herb-ferns with sparse mossdwarf shrub-peatmoss, dwarf shrub, dwarf shrub-liverworts (Barbilophozia spp ) dwarf shrub-moss (Polytrichum spp )

dwarf shrub-lichen (Trapeliopsis granulosa)

dwarf shrub-moss (Polytrichum spp.) prostrate dwarf shrub with moss (Pohlia nutans)

nemoral

Industrial barrens

dwarf shrub peatmoss, sedge-herb-peatmoss

spp.), dwarf shrub moss (Polytrichum spp.)grass-fernsprostrate dwarf shrub with moss (Pohlia nutans)

Fields and agricultural areaIndustrial barrens

Waste dumps and careers

Pine and spruce forestsKola Peninsula

Modeling site –Modeling site Transvolga area

(fragment of vegetation map)

Scale 1:500 000Scale 1:500 000

The structure of the legend of the vegetation map

Dark-coniferous, broad-leaved-coniferous forests

Polytric and sphagnum pine forests

Spruce moss f. in combination with spruce swampy herb-moss

Oak and lime pine forests

Spruce haircap-moss and Aspen and birch secondarySpruce haircap moss and moss-sphagnum f.

Aspen and birch secondary forests with spruce and pine

Oak-spruce, lime-spruce forests Aspen and birch secondary forests with lime treesforests with lime-trees

Aspen and birch secondary f. with spruce and fir trees forests

Broad-leaved forests

Aspen and birch forests with lime trees

Oak and lime-oak forests

Agriculture lands Lime forestsAgriculture lands Lime forests

Pine- and broad-leaved-pine f. (Pinus sylvestris)

Aspen and birch forests with lime and oak trees p e ( us sy est s)

Moss pine-forests in combina-tion with grass marsh forests

Agriculture lands

(T l )(Transvolga area)

Transvolga areaFir spruce forests Fir-spruce forests

Oxalis acetosella

The fragment of the MapThe fragment of the Map“Natural vegetation of Europe”

(Pre-Baltic-Vetluga ecoregion)

The legend for the fragment

Fragment of the actual vegetation map of East-European area(Pre-Baltic-Vetluga ecoregion) by satellite image, climate data and DEM

The legend for the fragmentForests Boreal dark-coniferous forestsNorthern boreal spruce forest types (Picea excelsa, P. obovata)Middle boreal spruce forest types (Picea excelsa, P. obovata)Southern boreal spruce forest types (Picea excelsa)Middle boreal lowland-colline pine-spruce forest types (Picea obovata, Pinus silvestris) S th P U l fi f t t (Pi b t Abi ibi i )Southern Pre-Ural fir-spruce forest types (Picea obovata, Abies sibirica)Boreal light-coniferous forestsNorthern boreal pine forest types (Pinus silvestris)East-European hemiboreal forests(Smolensk-Pre-Volga ecoregion)Hemiboreal dark-coniferous forests Lowland colline pine spruce forest types (Pinus silvestris Picea excelsa)Lowland-colline pine-spruce forest types (Pinus silvestris, Picea excelsa)Hemiboreal light-coniferous forestsSouthern boreal to hemiboreal lowland-colline pine forest types (Pinus silvestris)Hemiboreal and nemoral lowland (to submontane) pine forest types (Pinus silvestris)East-European nemoral broad-leaved forestsEast European nemoral broad leaved forests(Dnepr-Pre-Volga ecoregion)Lowland-colline lime-oak forest types (Quercus robur, Tilia cordata)Colline-submontane lime-oak forest types (Quercus robur, Tilia cordata)SteppesSubcontinental Transvolga-Kazachstan steppesLowland-colline meadow steppe and steppe-like grass typesg yLowland-colline herb-grass steppe types (Stipa ucrainica, S. zalesskii)Azonal boreal typesMiresBoreal aapa mire complexesSphagnum fuscum-raised bog complexes in the boreal zoneSphagnum magellanicum-raised bog complexes in the hemiboreal and

lnemoral zonesTransitional mires (nutrient-poor fens)Small-sedge-brown-moss fens Alluvial forestsNorthern to middle boreal coniferous and mixed broad-leaved forest typesSouthern boreal coniferous and mixed broad-leaved forest types

Conclusion

The results of research enable to carry out the ti l i f t di it fcomparative analysis of ecosystem diversity of

boreal forests at a regional level in different t l i t l th l l itinatural regions, to reveal the general regularities

of spatial structure of East-European boreal f t d t t t hi l d l fforests and to create cartographical model of regional part of Circumboreal taiga biome.

Thanks for attention!Thanks for attention!

Galina N. OgureevaGalina N. Ogureeva

ogur02@yandex.ru