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2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 1
次世代IX研究会におけるルータ相互接続試験A Report of Router
Interoperability from Distix菊池豊
KIKUCHI, [email protected]
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 2
Agenda
• Next Generation IX Consortium– MPLS-IX Architecture– Working Groups
• Router Interoperability Test– Policy – Test Specification– Results
• Discussion
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 3
Next Generation IX Consortium
• Background– ATM and LAN Equipments has been used for IX– Limitation of Scalability (Bandwidth and Flexibility)
• Goal– Propose a new IX architecture– Verification and Validation on an actual network– Sharing know-how about the new technology
• We often call it Distix, but what is Distix?– An Ideology? A model? A technology? An test bed?– Nobody knows about it correctly. (discovered last night)
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 4
Our proposal
• Requirement of IX– Independency from data-link architecture– Widely distribution and scalability– Easy to maintain
• Let’s use MPLS for IX– Allows any L2 arch. (e.g. PoS, GbE, ATM)– Easy to extend equipments and exchange points– Behaves as one big IX machine
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 5
MPLS-IX Architecture• Basic architecture
– Core routers as a backbone– Customer edges as MPLS edges– Peering ISPs establish LSPs– IX handles label information only
Carrier’s network
User routerEDGE LSR
User routerEDGE LSR
Carrier’s routerCORE LSR
Carrier’s routerCORE LSR
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 6
MPLS-IX Architecture(routing domain)
A B
MPLS IX
Disjoint routing domainsagainst affects on the other side
IGP (OSPF or ISIS)
Static route to B
ISP1 ISP2
Static route to A
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 7
MPLS-IX Architecture (Establishing LSP)
A B
MPLS IX
ISP1 ISP2
LDPRSVP-TE
LDPRSVP-TE
LDPRSVP-TE
LDPRSVP-TE
LSP
E.g. Label=16
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 8
MPLS-IX Architecture (Establishing BGP)
A B
MPLS IX
ISP1 ISP2
LSP
BGP
•Multi-hop BGP•TTL = 1
BGP will shutdown when LSP is gone(BGP must not keep by detour)
Label=16
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 9
MPLS-IX Architecture(TTL handling)
A B
ISP1 ISP2
IP TTL=1MPLS TTL=255
IP TTL=1MPLS TTL=254
IP TTL=1MPLS TTL=253
IP TTL=1MPLS TTL=252
•IP TTL=1 between A and B•A and B seem to be neighbor
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 10
MPLS-IX Architecture (Exchanging routing information)
A B
MPLS IX
ISP1 ISP2
LSP
BGPLabel=16ISP2 : Next Hop=B
Dst LabelISP2 16
Routing table
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 11
MPLS-IX Architecture(IP datagram forwarding)
A B
MPLS IX
ISP1 ISP2
LSP
BGP
Dst LabelISP2 16
経路表
ISP2
ISP216ISP2
ISP2
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 12
MPLS-IX Protocol Design (summary)
User router IX router IX router User router
User networkUser network
LDP LDP LDP
LSP (Label Switched Path)
BGP4 (iBGP/eBGP)
Label swap in theMPLS domain
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 13
MPLS-IX Protocol Design(3D version)
CORE CORE EDGE-2
EDGE-1 CORE CORE Physical / datalinkconnectivity
LSP between Edges
BGP4 over LSP
Signaling protocols
OSPF is also elabledbetween Cores
Data Trafficover LSP
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 14
Working Groups
• IX Users WG– Verify the technology by using an actual IX– Discuss issues in IX users point of view
• IX Providers WG– Verify the technology by operating an actual IX– Discuss issues in IX providers point of view
• Router Interoperability WG– Verify the interoperability on multi-venders
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 15
An Experimental Test Bed
Carrier
Japan Telecom
MCI WorldCom
CoreKochi
CoreDojima Core
N-otemachi
CoreK-otemachi
Coreu-tokyo
Japan Gigabit Network
HOTnet7682
nagoya-u17687
BeX-J17942
Shiojiri17518
Hi-Ho4668
NORTH7661
Ayame17932
KCN9363
HTCN7668
kochi17521
Trial#265502
Kikuken17690
ZTV9351
Gunma17678
Square17685
Accelia17686
IIJ2497
FITWeb7672
WAG9612
QGPOP2523
Softopia9350
TAM7676 Core
ToyamaTrial#165501
Iamas18076
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 16
Router Interoperability Test
• Regular Interoperability of MPLS– heterogenous router vendors
• Special Interoperability for MPLS-IX– Basic Functions
• Connectivity (LDP/RSVP-TE)• Routing (OSPF, BGP4)• TTL, Filtering, SNMP support
– Extended Functions• 6PE, RFC3107, LDP over RSVP-TE• Redundancy, QoS
• Performance (is not related to interoperability but)
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 17
Policy of the Interoperability Test
• Open– Participation under the Agreement of Distix– Publication the results by WWW
• At Participants own Expense– Equipments, Transportation, Stay, and so on
• Even the site is far from Tokyo– No public budget for it
• Help each other, share our knowledge and• Enjoy!
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 18
The Test Steps
• Preparation– Specify testing methods– Finding the site (difficult to find)
• Test– Monday to Friday in a week– 0900 to 1900 everyday
• Summarizing the results– Classify reliable data
• Publication on the WWW
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 19
Required Site Environments
• 100 m2 at least (10m2 each per vender)– Human/Machine separation are welcome
• AC100V 100A at least– AC200V and DC-48V are welcome
• Reachability of Internet and portable phones• Public transportation• Accommodation if outside of Tokyo area
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 20
History• 2001.10.15-19
– TAO JGN IPv6 Center (Tokyo)• 2002.01.28-02.01
– TAO Research Center (Chiba)• 2002.05.13-17
– Netmarks Quality Management Center (Tokyo)• 2002.07.01-05
– N+I 2002 showcase (Chiba)• 2002.09.02-06
– TAO Hokuriku IT Center (Ishikawa)
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 21
Participants
Riverstone Networks
AYAME ProjectCisco Systems
Juniper Networks
Digital Magic Labs.
NEC (CX)
HITACHI
Foundry NetworksFujitsuFurukawa Electric
(Agilent)
Extreme Networks
Netmarks(TOYO Technica)
exp1 exp2 exp3 exp4N+I
○ ○ ○ ○ ○○ ○ ○ ○ ○○ ○ ○ ○ ○○ ○
○ ○ ○○ ○ ○ ○ ○○ ○ ○ ○ ○○ ○ ○ ○ ○○ ○ ○ ○○ ○ ○ ○ ○
○ ○ ○
○ ○ ○○
○ ○ ○ ○ ○
NEC (IX) ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 22
Test Items
• Edge LSR (as CE)– Capability itself, Interoperability
• Core LSR (for IX)– Capability itself, Interoperability
• Extended Menu– Behavior check in a redundant topology– 6PE (IPv6 forwarding with IPv4 control plane)– RFC3107 (label carry by BGP)– LDP over RSVP-TE– Performance (label push, swap and pop)
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 23
Test Specification of Edge Capability (General)
• NOT copy TTLs– IP TTL to MPLS TTL at Ingress– MPLS TTL to IP TTL at Egress
• If capable of non-PHP
• BGP– multi-hop with IP TTL=1– BGP packets over LSP
• Check packets really labeled by packet dump• Check IP forwarding by injecting packets from the
out side of Edge LSRs
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 24
Test Specification of Edge Capability (LDP)
• Advertisement labels (≧ 16) without PHP• LSP Filter (according to FEC by signaling)• Transport address of LDP session
– Loopback address and/or interface address• Advertisement FEC
– Loopback address and/or interface address• SNMP capability
– Traffic of LSP– Trap of LSP up/down– Trap of LDP session up/down
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 25
Test Specification of Edge Capability (RSVP-TE)
• Advertisement labels (≧ 16) without PHP• LSP Filter (according to FEC by signaling)• Src/dst of RSVP PATH message
– Loopback address and/or interface address• SNMP capability
– Traffic of LSP– Trap of LSP up/down– Trap of LDP session up/down
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 26
Test Specification of Edge Interoperability (common)
• Establish an LSP• Exchange BGP packets over the LSP• Exchange routing information
– by BGP multi-hop with IP TTL=1• Not fragment any packets within 1500 bytes• IP TTL=n+2 at Egress if n at Ingress
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 27
Edge Interoperability Test
eBGP
RSVP/LDP RSVP/LDPRSVP/LDP
Traffic
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 28
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 29
Ishihara’s Ping Engine
• UDP one-way ping– Send a UDP datagram (specified length)– Check by the reception of the datagram– Tagged VLAN capability
• Implementation– Wild lab. LAMB-RT-01SP/32– FreeBSD 4.6-Release– Software constructed on hping and libnet
• http://www.hping.org/• http://www.packetfactory.net/libnet/
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 30
Views of the Ping Engine
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 31
Ping Engine with tagged VLANs
Edge
Edge
Edge
Edge
Edge
Edge
Edge
Edge
Edge
Edge
MPLS-IX
Tagged VLAN Tagged VLAN
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 32
Test Specification of Core Capability (General)
• NOT copy MPLS TTL to IP TTL– Only if capable of PHP
• Advertisement interface addresses of edge routers (/32) via OSPF
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 33
Test Specification of Core Capability (LDP/RSVP-TE)
• Filter for receiving LSPs• SNMP capability
– Traffic of LSP– Trap of LSP up/down
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 34
Test Specification of Core Interoperability (Common)
• Check at the edge LSRs– Establish an LSP– Not fragment any packets within 1500 bytes– IP TTL=n+2 at Egress if n at Ingress
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 35
Sample Results
• Edge capability – General, LDP, RSVP-TE
• Edge interoperability– LDP (loopback, Interface)– RSVP-TE (loopback)
• Snapshots by Ishihara’s ping engine– RSVP-TE (interface)
• Short packets, Long packets
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 36
Testing View (1)
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 37
Testing View (2)
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 38
Testing View (3)
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 39
Testing View (4)
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 40
Testing View (5)
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 41
Testing View (6)
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 42
Testing View (7)
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 43
Testing View (8)
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 44
Testing View (9)
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 50
Summary of the Past Results
• Basically sufficient– Still some troubles may occur by design,
implementation, and versions.– Does mostly interoperability depend on what signaling
they implement, LDP v.s. RSVP-TE?• Insufficient in an operational point of view
– Without PHP• IX Users have a thirst for labels at egress LSRs
– SNMP support• MPLS-IX consists of many routers even at a distance
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 51
Discussion
• Verification of the interoperability for MPLS-IX• Reconfirmation requirements and design of the
MPLS-IX architecture• Contribution to MPLS community
– Attractive and Important Experiences• A wall of Complexity of O(n2)• Shift to new Features• A new direction will be needed
– We will pass a sub goal in the next (5th) test– Collaboration with other WGs is necessary
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 52
See in detail
• Distix Home Page– http://www.distix.net/
• Distix Router Interoperability WG– http://www.distix.net/router-wg/
• 5th Interoperability Test in Kochi– Coming up soon!– Venders,
• Do not forget sending an application of participation
2002.Nov.08 MPLS Japan 2002 53
Thank you!
• To all the participants of the interoperability tests
• To the audience• Distix was sponsored by
TAO I121-401