Mr. PagliaroMr. Pagliaro

Seymour High SchoolSeymour High School

Mr. PagliaroMr. Pagliaro

Seymour High SchoolSeymour High School

Theories on prehistory and Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change early man constantly change as new evidence comes to as new evidence comes to light. light. - Louis Leakey, British - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist paleoanthropologist

Theories on prehistory and Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change early man constantly change as new evidence comes to as new evidence comes to light. light. - Louis Leakey, British - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist paleoanthropologist

Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age::( Old Stone Age )( Old Stone Age )

2,500,000 BC 2,500,000 BC to 8,000 BC to 8,000 BC

Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age::( Old Stone Age )( Old Stone Age )

2,500,000 BC 2,500,000 BC to 8,000 BC to 8,000 BC

1. 1. 4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BCBC1. 1. 4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BCBC2. 2. 1,500,000 BC - 250,000 BC1,500,000 BC - 250,000 BC2. 2. 1,500,000 BC - 250,000 BC1,500,000 BC - 250,000 BC

3. 3. 250,000 BC – 30,000 BC250,000 BC – 30,000 BC3. 3. 250,000 BC – 30,000 BC250,000 BC – 30,000 BC

4. 4. 30,000 BC – c. 10,000 30,000 BC – c. 10,000 BCBC4. 4. 30,000 BC – c. 10,000 30,000 BC – c. 10,000 BCBC

““Paleolithic”Paleolithic” --> --> “Old Stone” “Old Stone” AgeAge

““Paleolithic”Paleolithic” --> --> “Old Stone” “Old Stone” AgeAge 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

hunting (men) & gathering (women) hunting (men) & gathering (women) small bands of 20-30 humans small bands of 20-30 humans hunting (men) & gathering (women) hunting (men) & gathering (women) small bands of 20-30 humans small bands of 20-30 humans

NOMADICNOMADIC (moving from place to place) (moving from place to place) NOMADICNOMADIC (moving from place to place) (moving from place to place)

Made Made toolstools

Made Made toolstools

4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC4,000,000 BC – 1,000,000 BC

Hominids Hominids --> any member--> any member of the family of two-legged of the family of two-legged primates that includes all primates that includes all humans. humans.

Hominids Hominids --> any member--> any member of the family of two-legged of the family of two-legged primates that includes all primates that includes all humans. humans.

AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines

An An opposable opposable thumb thumb

An An opposable opposable thumb thumb

HOMO HABILISHOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” ) ( “Man of Skills” )

HOMO HABILISHOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” ) ( “Man of Skills” )

found in East found in East Africa.Africa.

found in East found in East Africa.Africa. created stone created stone tools.tools.

created stone created stone tools.tools.

Humans during this period found shelter in Humans during this period found shelter in caves.caves.

Humans during this period found shelter in Humans during this period found shelter in caves.caves. Cave paintings left behind. Cave paintings left behind. Cave paintings left behind. Cave paintings left behind.

Purpose??Purpose??Purpose??Purpose??

1,600,000 BC – 30,000 BC1,600,000 BC – 30,000 BC1,600,000 BC – 30,000 BC1,600,000 BC – 30,000 BC

HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Person” )( “Upright Person” )

HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Person” )( “Upright Person” )

Larger and more varied Larger and more varied tools tools primitive technology primitive technology

Larger and more varied Larger and more varied tools tools primitive technology primitive technology

First hominid to migrate andFirst hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and leave Africa for Europe and Asia…Why? Asia…Why?

First hominid to migrate andFirst hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and leave Africa for Europe and Asia…Why? Asia…Why?

First to use fire ( 500,000 BC )First to use fire ( 500,000 BC ) First to use fire ( 500,000 BC )First to use fire ( 500,000 BC )

FULLY BIPEDFULLY BIPED FULLY BIPEDFULLY BIPED

Are we all Africans in origin?Are we all Africans in origin?Are we all Africans in origin?Are we all Africans in origin?

200,000 BC – 10,000 BC200,000 BC – 10,000 BC200,000 BC – 10,000 BC200,000 BC – 10,000 BC

HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )( “Wise Human Being” )

HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )( “Wise Human Being” )

NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BC – 30,000 BC )( 200,000 BC – 30,000 BC )

NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BC – 30,000 BC )( 200,000 BC – 30,000 BC )

Homo Sapiens Homo Sapiens Sapiens (Cro-Sapiens (Cro-

Magnons)Magnons)( 40,000 BC – 10,000 BC )( 40,000 BC – 10,000 BC )

Homo Sapiens Homo Sapiens Sapiens (Cro-Sapiens (Cro-

Magnons)Magnons)( 40,000 BC – 10,000 BC )( 40,000 BC – 10,000 BC )

NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:

Neander Valley, Neander Valley, Germany (1856) Germany (1856)

Neander Valley, Neander Valley, Germany (1856) Germany (1856)

First humans to buryFirst humans to bury their dead. their dead.

First humans to buryFirst humans to bury their dead. their dead.

Made clothes fromMade clothes from animal skins. animal skins.

Made clothes fromMade clothes from animal skins. animal skins.

Lived in caves andLived in caves and tents. tents.

Lived in caves andLived in caves and tents. tents.

NEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALS

Early Hut/TentEarly Hut/TentEarly Hut/TentEarly Hut/Tent

CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs: Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )( “Wise, wise human” )

Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )( “Wise, wise human” )

By 30,000 BCE theyBy 30,000 BCE they replaced replaced Neanderthals.Neanderthals.

WHY???WHY??? WHY???WHY???

70,000 BC – 10,000 BC70,000 BC – 10,000 BC70,000 BC – 10,000 BC70,000 BC – 10,000 BC

““Neolithic”Neolithic” “New Stone” “New Stone” AgeAge

““Neolithic”Neolithic” “New Stone” “New Stone” AgeAge 10,000 BC – 4,000 BC10,000 BC – 4,000 BC 10,000 BC – 4,000 BC10,000 BC – 4,000 BC

Gradual shift Gradual shift from:from:

Gradual shift Gradual shift from:from:Nomadic lifestyle Nomadic lifestyle settled, stationery settled, stationery lifestyle.lifestyle.Nomadic lifestyle Nomadic lifestyle settled, stationery settled, stationery lifestyle.lifestyle.

Hunting/Gathering Hunting/Gathering agricultural agricultural production and production and domestication of animals.domestication of animals.

Hunting/Gathering Hunting/Gathering agricultural agricultural production and production and domestication of animals.domestication of animals.

8,000 BC – 5,000 BC8,000 BC – 5,000 BC 8,000 BC – 5,000 BC8,000 BC – 5,000 BC

Agriculture developed independently inAgriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. different parts of the world. Agriculture developed independently inAgriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. different parts of the world.

SLASH-AND-BURN FarmingSLASH-AND-BURN Farming SLASH-AND-BURN FarmingSLASH-AND-BURN Farming

Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaMiddle East India Central America China Southeast Asia

8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC

Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaMiddle East India Central America China Southeast Asia

8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC8,000 BC 7,000 BC 6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC

DevelopmenDevelopment t

of of AgricultureAgriculture

DevelopmenDevelopment t

of of AgricultureAgriculture

?

?

?

?

What are the possible outcomes of the this What are the possible outcomes of the this shift?shift?

Why do you think the development of

agriculture occurred around the same time

in several different places?

Why do you think the development of

agriculture occurred around the same time

in several different places?

Why do some archaeologists

believe that women were the first

farmers?

Why do some archaeologists

believe that women were the first

farmers?

Growing crops on a regular basis made possible Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the the support of larger populations. support of larger populations.

Growing crops on a regular basis made possible Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the the support of larger populations. support of larger populations. More permanent, settled communities emerged.More permanent, settled communities emerged. More permanent, settled communities emerged.More permanent, settled communities emerged.

9,000 BC 9,000 BC Earliest Agricultural Settlement at Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMOJARMO ( northern Iraq ) ( northern Iraq ) wheatwheat

9,000 BC 9,000 BC Earliest Agricultural Settlement at Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMOJARMO ( northern Iraq ) ( northern Iraq ) wheatwheat

8,000 BC 8,000 BC Largest Early Settlement at Largest Early Settlement at ÇÇatal atal HHüüyükyük ( Modern Turkey ) ( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants 6,000 inhabitants

8,000 BC 8,000 BC Largest Early Settlement at Largest Early Settlement at ÇÇatal atal HHüüyükyük ( Modern Turkey ) ( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants 6,000 inhabitants

Division of laborDivision of labor Division of laborDivision of labor

Engaged in tradeEngaged in trade Engaged in tradeEngaged in trade

Organized religionOrganized religion Organized religionOrganized religion

Small militarySmall military Small militarySmall military

12 cultivated 12 cultivated cropscrops

12 cultivated 12 cultivated cropscrops

An obsidian daggerAn obsidian dagger

Çatal Çatal HüyükHüyükÇatal Çatal HüyükHüyük

What role did the food supply play in

shaping the nomadic life of hunter-

gatherers and the settled life of the

farmers?

What role did the food supply play in

shaping the nomadic life of hunter-

gatherers and the settled life of the

farmers?

AdvancedAdvanced

CitiesCities

SpecializedSpecialized

WorkersWorkers

ComplexComplex

InstitutionsInstitutions

Record-Record-

KeepingKeeping

AdvancedAdvanced

TechnologyTechnology

Book’s 5 Characteristics

CitiesCities

GovernmentGovernment

Written Written RecordsRecords

ReligiousReligiousActivityActivity

SocialSocialClassClass

StructureStructure

Mr. Pagliaro’s 6 Mr. Pagliaro’s 6 CharacteristicsCharacteristics

ArtisticArtisticActivityActivity