MSP PRESENTATION

1. INTRODUCTIONSixty Technologies India

PRR Australia

Presenting

WASTE TO ENERGYThe Most Advanced, Environment Friendly Technology

&Recovering Energy Efficiently - A Green Energy Industry,

FOR TREATMENT OF ALL TYPE OF SOLID WASTESThrough

MICROWAVE STEAM PLASMA GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

Ramesh Chand Goel Vijoy Jha

Anil Joshi Chief Executing Officer, Director Director Sixty Technologies Pvt. Ltd. India PRR Australia PRR Australia

Sixty Technologies India

1. INTRODUCTION About us. Present Practices & technology options for Solid Waste

Management. Land Filling Composting Incineration Combustion Gasification Plasma Gasification

TABLE OF CONTENTS Sixty Technologies

India

TABLE OF CONTENTS …CONTD.


2. MICROWAVE STEAM PLASMA (MSP) SYSTEM• MSP Technology• Plasma Gasification.• Advantages of Plasma Gasification. • MSP Gasification• Comparison of Gasification Process• Emission Comparison• Why Use MSP• MSP TECHNOLOGY – A SUMMARY.• Project Timeline• Conclusions.

About US: We, The Partners:


M/s Parker Range Resources PTY LTD, Perth Australia:

M/S PRR Australia, ( and their partner company M/S GnEST Inc. Canada who are the exclusive License Holders for the company from Korea, who has developed a most advance third generation “Microwave Steam Plasma (MSP) Technology”) and would be responsible for providing Technology, Feasibility Study , Design, Plant Installation, Warranty, Operation & Maintenance, Etc.,Etc..

M/S Sixty Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Gurgaon India:

The Authorized Indian Partner and shall be operating on behalf of M/S PRR Australia & their technology providers, and supporting for implementation of the Technology from Concept to Commissioning and the Operation & Maintenance there after .

• Land Filling,• Composting, • Combustion• Incineration,• Gasification,• Plasma Gasification


Present Practices & technology options for Solid Waste Management.


All cities in our country and in-fact in world are confronted with the problem of disposal of large quantities of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Currently, landfills are the most widely adopted & primary destination of dumping the waste. Total waste collected is sent to Land Fill yards identified in different parts of the city.

As per CPCB report of February 2015, Solid Waste Generated/collected/ Treated by all the states in India is as below: Solid Waste Generated Collected Treated (Tons per day)1,42,566 TPD 117645 TPD 33665 TPD

The Figures Speaks for itself and don’t need any explanation for the solid waste problem & and growing problem of dumping/treating the waste and of course the ever increasing solid waste. And it is expected to double by 2025.

By Land Filling


Technology options for

Solid Waste Management The technology options available are based on either Bio Conversion : Bio Conversion are applicable to the organic fraction of wastes, to form compost or to generate biogas such as methane (waste to energy) and residual sludge (manure). Various technologies are available for composting such as aerobic, anaerobic and vermi-composting.

Thermal conversion :The thermal conversion technologies are incineration with or with out heat recovery, pyrolysis and gasification, plasma pyrolysis and pelletization or production of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF).

Sixty Technologies India Composting:

It is the aerobic decomposition of biodegradable organic matter in a warm, moist environment by the action of bacteria, yeasts, fungi and other organisms. It allows for the development of an end product that is biologically stable and free of viable pathogens and plant seeds and can be applied to land beneficially. Composting involves three basic steps, that of • preprocessing (size reduction, nutrient addition

etc), • decomposition and stabilization of organic material

and • post-processing (grinding, screening, etc). ….contd….


Composting:

Contd….The decomposition and stabilization phase happens when the bacteria and other organisms act on organic fraction of MSW that essentially consists of proteins, amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, cellulose, lignin and ash in presence of oxygen. The reaction converts the organic matter, in its entirety, to compost, new cells, CO2, water, NO3, SO4 and heat.

The commonly used composting processes are windrow, aerated static pile and in-vessel methods. • In the aerated static pile process, oxygen is

provided to the piled up MSW by mechanical aeration system.

• In the in-vessel systems, the composting material is mixed mechanically during the processing to minimize odors and processing time.


Incineration

The incineration of MSW essentially involves combustion of waste leading to volume reduction and recovery of heat to produce steam that in turn produces power through steam turbines .Basically, it is a furnace for burning waste and converts MSW into ash, gaseous and particulate emissions and heat energy. The efficiency of the technology is linked to the waste characteristics and their properties such as moisture content and calorific values. When the waste is dry, it may not need any auxiliary fuel except for start-up but when it is rich in inert and moisture content, supplementary fuel may be needed to sustain combustion, adversely affecting net energy recovery. The combustion process involves essentially, drying, volatilization, and ignition and desirably, elimination of odors, and combustion of unburned furnace gases and carbon suspended in the gases. It requires high temperature of the order of 800-1000oC and sufficient air and mixing of gas stream. The minimum temperature for burning carbonaceous wastes to avoid release of smoke and prevent emissions of dioxins and furans is 850oC. ……………………………..contd.


Incineration

Contd……In order to ensure proper breakdown of organic toxins, this temperature should be maintained at least for 2 minutes. For steam generation and energy recovery, the combustion temperature should be 1400oC. This will also ensure degradation of all organic compounds. Depending on the nature of wastes and the operating characteristics of combustion reactor, the gaseous products derived from the combustion of MSW may include carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O, flue gas), oxygen (O2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and small amounts of hydrogen chloride, mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium, dioxins and furans, and organic compounds. The combustion residues include bottom ash, fly ash and non-combusted organic and inorganic materials. Modern incinerators include pollution mitigation equipment such as flue gas cleaning and in such versions, sludge from scrubber and waste water adds to the contaminants in lieu of polluted emissions. There are various types of incinerator plant design: moving grate, fixed grate, rotary-kiln, fluidized bed. The typical incineration plant for municipal solid waste is a moving grate incinerator.

Gasification Sixty Technologies India

Gasification is a process that converts carbonaceous materials, such as fossil fuels and biomass, into a mixture of mostly hydrogen and carbon monoxide (called synthesis gas, or Syngas)

⃞� Other gaseous species (including some potential air pollutants) also are formed; amounts depend on the fuel composition and process conditions

⃞� The Syngas can be burned as a fuel, or processed to produce chemicals and other fuels

⃞� Many different gasification processes have been proposed, employing different schemes for fuel feed, reactor design, etc.⃞� Current generation of Gasfiers are much cleaner and more efficient than earlier designsGasification offers significant increase in power output, while reducing the pollution, comparing to incineration. Due to high gasification temperatures comparing to incineration, a reduction of NOx formation is observed.


Plasma Gasification What is plasma?

An electrically charged gas (superheated air).Capable of temperatures exceeding 13,000°F.Examples in nature are lightning and the Sun.

⃞� What is plasma gasification? Break down of organic materials (MSW) into simpler

molecular structures using extremely hot air. Converts all organic materials into gaseous fuel.

⃞� What is the end product?Synthesis Gas - “Syngas” – consisting of H2 + CO. Syngas, similar to natural

gas, which can be used as fuel to generate electricity or SteamPreviously, Plasma gasification was not a viable option, due to shot cycles between service intervals of plasma torches, while using DC or AC discharge plasmas, where electrodes are in close contact with highly reactive plasma at high temperatures.

Now days, a new type of electrode-less high power plasma torches are developed, utilizing Microwave and RF discharge plasmas. Microwave plasmas seem to be more suitable, using steam as a working medium, which in gasification terms inherently increases hydrogen production,

Comparison of Plasma Gasification vs. Incineration

Plasma Gasification IncinerationFeedstock Flexibility

Ability to mix feed stocks such as MSW, In-dustrial Waste, Commercial & Industrial Waste, Hazardous Waste, Tires, Biomass Fuels (such as wood waste)

MSW and other common waste streams; difficult to mix multiple feed stocks

Fuel Cre-ated

Syngas (Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen) not applicable

End Product Opportun-ities

• Replacement Fuel for Natural Gas and Fuel Oil• Power via Steam cycle • Power via Combined cycle or Reciprocating Engines• Power via Fuel Cells (future)• Process Steam• Liquid Fuels (ethanol, bio-diesel)• Hydrogen• Fertilizer Compounds

Power via Steam cycleProcess Steam

Overall Plant Efficiency

Combined Cycle Process: 1 ton of municipal solid waste is capable of creating 1000 kWh of power via combined cycle configuration

Steam Cycle Process: 1 ton of municipal solid waste generates between 500-650 kWh of power

Dioxins and Furans

Better overall emissions and the high operat-ing temperature (>1000°C) and oxygen starved environment destroys any dioxins/fu-rans that may be present in the feedstock.

The presence of oxygen, chlo-rine, and particulate creates the right conditions for the forma-tion of dioxins and furans

By-product Inert, non-hazardous and non-leaching glassy slag salable as an aggregate building product or rock wool. Most particulate recovered dur-ing cleaning of the syngas is recyclable

Hazardous fly ash and scrubber residues plus incinerator bot-tom ash



Status of Plasma Gasification Plant

1 E x i s t i n g f a c i l i t i e s• N a t i o n a l C h e n g K u n g U n i v e r s i t y - Ta i n a n C i t y , Ta i w a n ( P E A T

I n t e r n a t i o n a l )• Yo s h i i , U t a s h i n a i , a n d M i h a m a - M i k a t a , J a p a n ( H i t a c h i M e t a l s L t d . )• U S S G e r a l d R . F o r d ( C V N 7 8 ) S u p e r c a r r i e r – U S N a v y ( P y r o G e n e s i s C a n a d a

I n c . )• P u n e , M a h a r a s h t r a , I n d i a ( M a h a r a s h t r a E n v i r o P o w e r L i m i t e d )• W u h a n , C h i n a ( W u h a n K a i d i / A l t e r N R G , d e m o n s t r a t i o n p l a n t )

2 P l a n n e d f a c i l i t i e s• S w i n d o n , W i l t s h i r e , E n g l a n d , U K , ( A d v a n c e d P l a s m a P o w e r )• E n e r g y P a r k P e t e r b o r o u g h , E n g l a n d , U K ( Te t r o n i c s )• H i r w a u n , W a l e s , U K ( E n v i r o P a r k s L i m i t e d )• ‘ R e - i n v e n t t h e To i l e t ’

3 M o t h b a l l e d P r o j e c t s• Te e s V a l l e y R e n e w a b l e E n e r g y C e n t e r ( A i r P r o d u c t s / A l t e r N R G )• O t t a w a , O n t a r i o , C a n a d a ( P l a s c o E n e r g y G r o u p I n c . )• H u r l b u r t F i e l d , F l o r i d a , U S A ( P y r o G e n e s i s C a n a d a I n c . )• E a s t L u t h e r / G r a n d V a l l e y , O n t a r i o , C a n a d a ( N a v i t u s P l a s m a I n c )• S t . L u c i e C o u n t y , F l o r i d a , U S A ( G e o P l a s m a )• Ta l l a h a s s e e , F l o r i d a , U S A ( G r e e n P o w e r S y s t e m s )• V a n c o u v e r , B r i t i s h C o l u m b i a , C a n a d a ( P l a s c o E n e r g y G r o u p I n c . )• P o r t H o p e , O n t a r i o , C a n a d a ( S u n b a y E n e r g y C o r p o r a t i o n )• J a c k s o n , G e o r g i a , U S A ( P R P o w e r C o m p a n y )• R e d D e e r , A l b e r t a , C a n a d a ( P l a s c o E n e r g y G r o u p I n c . )• A l c a l á d e H e n a r e s , M a d r i d , S p a i n ( F o m e n t o d e C o n s t r u c c i o n e

C o n t r a t a s )

SOURCE WIKIPIDIA.ORG

INTRODUCTION TO

MICROWAVE STEAM PLASMA GASIFICATION



MICROWAVE STEAM PLASMA (MSP) GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

The Most Advanced, Environment Friendly Technology Recovering Energy Efficiently - A Green Energy Industry, FOR TREATMENT OF ALL TYPE OF SOLID WASTES Proposed to be Implemented By Our Company in India


Microwave Steam Plasma Gasification of Solid Wastes:

• Previously, plasma gasification was not a viable option, • Now, new type of electrode-less high power plasma torches are

developed, utilizing Microwave and RF discharge plasmas.• Microwave Plasmas seem to be more suitable, using steam as a

working medium, which in gasification terms inherently increases hydrogen production.

• The produced gas can be further filtered and cleaned using cyclone separators, catalytic converters and filters, to ensure a desirable output gas composition, which can be either stored, burned or used as fuel for internal combustion engines, to produce electricity.

• Due to temperatures higher than melting temperatures of most materials, the residual vitrified molt, called slag, can easily be compacted, and afterwards reprocessed using the same plasma torch technique to separate metals and other materials, thus ensuring sustainability.

Microwave Steam Plasma Gasification


Pure steam microwave plasma torch :

Steam microwave plasma torch is a microwave driven plasma discharge at atmospheric pressure, which uses high temperature steam as working gas. In comparison with other types of plasma torches, microwave plasma offers a more stable discharge at higher rates of dissociation and ionization of the working gas.

Several processes needs to be discussed & deliberated for understanding Microwave Steam Plasma Gasification: microwave plasma discharge, gasification of biomass and microwave resonance etc.

Microwave Steam Plasma Gasification

Conventional Gasification


Plasma Gasification..contd.

• 10 ~ 30 atmospheres, temperature > 1000℃, high pressure required• Preheating essential for operation, difficulties in operation/maintenance

Microwave Steam Plasma Gasification MSW or BIO-MASS


Advantage of Plasma Gasification Technology (1/2)

⃞� Minimizes the need for landfill space by converting waste to energy. Landfills produce methane gas which has an impact on climate change 20 times greater than carbon dioxide.

⃞� Reduces the emission of pollution and greenhouse gases⃞� Has higher levels of efficiency. Similar waste to energy technologies from competitors use more than 50% of the energy generated to operate the plant, comparatively, the plasma gasification process uses approximately 20% of the energy generated.⃞� Has lower cost of construction and operation ⃞� Reduces power plant’s carbon footprint.

Advantage of Plasma Gasification Technology (2/2)

⃞� Allows for smaller scale power plants that are not possible with competitors. This allows the development of micro power plants that provide access to off-grid communities. This development has potential for providing access to power for rural communities in Asia and Africa.

⃞� Uses multiple feed-stocks• Solid biomass (wood)• Low grade coal (< 4000 kcal/kg)• Petcoke• Recycled paper cubes• Construction and demolition waste• Municipal solid waste


MSP Gasification⃞ Gasification is a flexible, reliable, and clean energy technology

that can turn a variety of low-value feedstock’s into high-value products and can provide a clean alternative source of base load electricity.

⃞� Gasification has been reliably used on a commercial scale worldwide for more than 50 years in the refining, fertilizer, and chemical industries, and for more than 35 years in the electric power industry.

⃞� MSP Gasifier utilizes any type of biomass including MSW, low grade coal, waste wood, sawdust, furniture scraps, bagasse, rice husk, coconut shells, poultry litter, plastic, rubber, tires, or any other combustible material.

⃞� Ultra clean gas is fed into the engines with the help of a mi-croprocessor based, oil to gas conversion system. When a load is activated the dual-fuel mode of operation of the engine will start automatically at 85% gas and 15% furnace oil, for a short duration then reverts back to 100% gas mode when the load becomes constant.

Comparison of Gasification ProcessParameter Conventional

GasificationArc Plasma Microwave

PlasmaSource Tempera-ture

1,000 ~ 1,300℃ 7,000 ~ 15,000℃

3,000 ~ 5,000℃

Reaction Tem-perature

1,000 ~ 1,300℃ 1,000 ~ 1,300℃ 1,000 ~ 1,300℃

Molecular Process

Chemical Oxida-tion

Physical Acceler-ation

Vibration and Physical Acceler-ation

Plasma Genera-tor

Fuel, O2 Electric Power, air, O2, Ar, N2

Electrical Power Water Vapor

Oxidyzing Agent O2 Air, O2 SteamOxidyzing Species

O2 O2 OH, O+ radicals

Moisture Sensi-tivity

High Medium Low

Residue Slag, Charcol Vitrified Slag Vitrified SlagEnergy Con-sumption Control

Constant Constant Variable

Emission Comparisons with International Standards. ⃞� Emissions

• Environmental philosophy of Microwave Steam Plasma Gasification is based

on ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) of radiation safety industry. Pollutant Canada-CCME

US EPA New Source Per-formance Standards

US EPA Sec-tion 111(d) Emissions Guidelines

Recently Permit-ted Incineration Facilities in USA (200 ~800TPD MSW)

Arc Torch Plasma MSW (Second gener-ation gasifica-tion Technol-ogy)

Microwave Steam Plasma Gasifica-tion (Third gener-ation gasification Technology)

NOx (ppmvd) 293.32 150 205 110-205 36.66 20

PM (mg/dscm)

28.08 20-24 25-27 16-27 4.21 0.3

SO2 (ppmvd) 136.94 30 29-31 26-29 1.05 1

HCL (ppmvd) 69.4 25 29-31 25-29 6.48 0.2

CO (ppmvd) 68.66 100 100 100 19.27 2

Hg (μg/dscm) Tier 3 Metals

50-80 80 28-80 <1.4 0.005

PCDD/PCDF (ng/dscm)

0 13-30 30-60 13-30 0 0.002x10-6

Why use MSP?⃞� Uses less internal energy compared to that of

conventional technologies. This results in a much reduced parasitic load on the plant, serving as a real opportunity to improve the efficiency of advanced gasification processes.

⃞� Significantly lower CAPEX compared to conventional DC plasma torches and as such makes plasma gasification a commercially viable option for smaller scale systems.⃞� Significantly longer operational lifespan compared to that of conventional DC plasma torches, resulting in extended periods between plant shutdown and maintenance.

⃞� Significantly reduces the footprint of such high-temperature gasification systems making the technology suitable for smaller regional based projects and specialist field deployment.

MSP Technology Summary • A typical plant processing upto 200 tpd Municipal Solid Waste

usually will generates upto 5MW of Power• The plant consumes 1.2MW of energy & balance 3.8MW for sale

(a higher recovery of Energy comparing other technologies)• Plant footprint much smaller than rest,<4000sqM required for

the plant.• MPS built in a modular form 5MW hence incremental Investment

to suit staged achievement of full capacity (e.g. a full scale 100KW MSP operational in Korea)

• MSP generates over 3000C° tempt, hence it liberates most elements in gas form leaving little scope for emission (lower emission)

• NO Air-Intake therefore much lower NOx emission level, <10% of NOx emission from conventional incineration facilities,

• MSP is backed by full Performance Guarantee by Technology Developers of Korea

MSP Technology Summary


Promoters can fund the project partially given that a fixed minimum 20years of access to Municipal Solid Waste if provided on a mutually agreed “Tipping Fee” is guaranteed by ClientMSP needs H2O to process MSW/brown coal, so work better with high moisture content feedstock (M.C. 30 – 50%) and NO need for water injection Unlike conventional incineration facilities, MSP needs NO Preheating Unit to lower moisture content, and hence lower the CAPEX and OPEXOnce the sample Waste is profiled and a trial run is confirmed, Project can be fast-tracked given that a firm commitment is in placeBalance of Energy sale, reduces Capex/Opex boon to all StakeholdersClient can join or buy back part or full project within first 5years of operationsAll it requires a commitment to stop Landfill while committing to providing access to those wastes to MSP Promoters to Build, Own and Operate!

“No Risk but only gains once an Un-incorporated JV is formed: a Guaranteed Project in a shortest possible time”

PROJECT TIMELINE


Following land acquisition, obtaining all permits, contacting with all local authorities, and award of contract, the following timeline is to be expected:

Site assessment and engineering 3-4 months (according to the specific conditions encountered) of the correct installation and function of components.

Procurement 5-8 months (according to the specific units required)Installation of the units 6-9 months (according to conditions on the

ground)Commissioning 3-5 months (according to the type of units

specified)⃞� After synchronization in the commissioning phase, there will be a 3-month operational phase with technicians on location to handle training and operational details that may arise. Total time from award of contract to completed system is 17-26 months depending upon conditions encountered on the ground.


Microwave Steam Plasma (MSP) technology is the third generation gasification technology that is truly eco-friendly & its benefits are: 1. the latest gasification technology for Municipal Solid Waste, industrial waste, hospital waste/ wood chips, animal manure, sewage sludge and in particular lower grade/ calorific value /high moisture dirty brown coal (lignite); 2. substantially lower emissions than existing plasma torch and conventional gasification technology; 3. close to no landfill required . 4.contamination of ground water, air pollution and health risks. 5. Significantly lower financial CAPEX; 6. Significantly longer operational lifespan; 7. Great incentive for rubbish to be collected thus reducing visual pollution of public areas; 8. Much higher level of waste to energy efficiency; 9. Significantly less power/energy consumption; 10. Greatly reduced footprint of gasification system; and 11. it introduces competition in this sector and alleviates sole dependence as an alternate.

Conclusions:

Conclusions….


Parker Range Resources PTY LTD (PRR) of Australia ( and their partner company M/S GnEST Inc. Canada who are the exclusive License Holders and are having sole rights of implementing these projects in South East Asia alongwith Indian Partner M/S Sixty Technologies Pvt. Ltd. India are1. Looking for business relationship with

Indian Companies/Investors. 2. By offering this most Eco-Friendly

Technology for Solid Waste Treatment (WASTE TO ENERGY) and

3. For setting up such plants in India.

By Ramesh Chand Goel Vijoy Jha

Anil Joshi Chief Executive Officer, Director Director Sixty Technologies Pvt. Ltd. India PRR Australia PRR Australia


PRR Australia

References:


1. MICROWAVE STEAM PLASMA GASIFICATION Author: ………Klemen Ambrožič Mentor:………Dr. Tomaž Gyergyek2. Gasification: An Alternative Process for Energy Recovery and Disposal of Municipal Solid Wastes By…Alexander Klein Advisor: Professor Nickolas Themelis. 3. TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS FOR TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KERALA Dr. R. Ajayakumar Varma Executive Director, Suchitwa Mission, Local Self Government Department, Govt. of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram- 695 031. 4. Reports from Central Pollution Control Board & other Government Agencies.

Schematic Diagram

Fuel Supply Unit

MSP Technology (2/2)⃞� Advantages of MSP Gasifier

• Kind of Supplying Fuel: Possible for MSW, Biomass or the low quality coal with high

lime content (<50%) and high moisture (<40%)

• Gasification Temperature/Flexibility: 3000 ( saves preheating cost℃• Gasification Energy Obtained: Torch energy + ~ 15% coal oxidation

• Gasification Pressure: 1 atm – little volume gasifier

• O2 Facilities: Saves >10% of facility expenses and also the operating cost by using

steam since the water plasma torch is used instead of the use of O2 facility of existing

gasifier.

• Electricity Usage Rate: Plasma torch uses 25 ~ 30% of total electricity generation

Schematic Diagram

Feed Processing (1/2) ⃞�Municipal Solid Wastes or Biomass (~ 2,500 kcal/kg) Case (1/2) The MSW should be sorted first into recyclable and com-bustible components. Depending to the conditions of the MSW, if the moisture is high, it should be dried.The combustible component of the MSW is turned into RDF

(Refused Derived Fuel) pellet by shredding, crushing, elec-tromagnetic separations.

Feed Processing (2/2) ⃞�Low Grade Coal (~ 4,000 kcal/kg) Case

• Pulverization is currently the favored method of preparing coal for burning

• Mechanically pulverizing coal into a fine powder enables it to be burned like a gas, thus allowing more efficient combustion

Plasma Gasifier (1/3) ⃞ Furnace

Furnaces have an airlock system to allow garbage to come in while pre-venting the hot gases in the furnace from escaping into the atmosphere.

The furnace houses at least one plasma torch; many furnaces have multiple torches to break down all the matter. These torches are usually placed a little lower than halfway down the furnace.

The furnace also features a drainage system to tap off the slag as it ac-cumulates and a vent system to vent out the gases. In order to withstand the intense heat, furnaces are lined with refractory material and often have a water cooling system as well.

Plasma Gasifier (2/3) ⃞ Advantages of MSP Torch

Abundant Sources Electrode-less

Problems of the existing plasma torch - High Maintenance Requirements- Limited Electrode Life- Votalized Electrodes Emission Issues- High Cost

MSP torch operates without electrode

High Efficiency Simple Model & Low Cost

Plasma Gasifier (3/3) ⃞ Plasma Generating Devices

Electromag-netic Oscilla-

tor

Circula-tory Sys-

temTuner Wave-

guide

Power Sup-ply Unit

Discharge Tube

Gas Dis-charge Unit

Gas Sup-ply Unit

Ignition Unit

Coal Supply Unit

Electromag-netic Feeder

Cross Sectional View of the Plasma Gen-erating Devices

Particle Remover

• Dry solids removal systems use candle

filters that can remove all solids from the

gas at temperatures between 300 and 500 °C

• Above 500 °C, alkali compounds may pass

the filters in significant amounts. Below 300

°C, the filters may be blinded of deposits of

ammonium chloride (NH4Cl).

• Including cyclones upstream will reduce the

loading on the filters and therefore also the

risk of breakage.

Water Gas Shift Reaction• Scrubbed syngas H2/CO ratio must be

increased/adjusted to meet down stream process requirements

• Water-gas shift (WGS) reaction CO + H2O ↔ H2 + CO2

• Syngas is passed through a multi-stage, fixed-bed reactor containing shift catalysts to convert carbon monoxide (CO) and water into additional H2 and CO2

• Steam input is required for the reaction

Sulphur Remover• Sulphur should be removed to avoid

excessive corrosion in the system• The conversion from sulphur dioxide to

sulphuric acid can be increased to 99.6% by using two absorption stages • The advantage of using two stages of

absorption is that the remaining sulphur dioxide needing to be removed from the tail gas is much reduced

CO2 Capture

• For CO2 Capture, two addition process required: - Shift reactor in which the CO

reacts with H2O to H2 and CO2

- An absorption process for capture using the Selexol process or other processes based on physical solvents, or an MDEA process based on chemical solvents

Power Generation

• Generation via gas turbine (Combustion Chamber)

• Generation via Steam Turbine (using HRSG)

HRSG

⃞� Exchange heat from the exhaust gas to the fluid

⃞� Accomplished by making the exhaust gas and the fluid (steam/water) temperature gradients

Auxiliary System⃞� Syngas Storage Tank

– Pressure tanks and used to store syngas under pressure. – The tanks are provided with safety valves, level gauge, pressure

and temperature gauges and all other required safety accessories. – The tanks are manufactured according to various international

standards like ASME Section VIII Div 1, 2 etc.

⃞� Slag Removal Equipment

⃞� Control Panel

4. PROCESS MANAGEMENT

Organization

PD

PM

APM

SM QA QE

C/S PA

EM

Arch. Eng

Civil Eng

Elec. Eng

I&C Eng

Mech. Eng

Material Eng

Process Eng

Design IT

Licensing

Env. Eng

Start up

Reliability

Geo. Eng

PD: Project Director, PM: Project Manager, APM: Assistant Project Manager, EM: Engineering Manager, C/S: Cost and Schedule Supervisor, SM: Site Manager

Overall Progress

Overall Progress

Engineering Progress

Construction Progress

Start-Up Progress

Procurement Progress

Preprocessing Progress

Gasification Progress

T/G Progress

Clean-Up Progress

∑= 100%

Engineering Progress x WVe

∑ (WV) = 1.00

Construction Progress x WVc

S/U Progress x WVs

WV: Weight Value

WVe WVc WVs

Preprocessing Progress x WVp

Gasification Progress x WVg

Clean-Up Progress x WVcu

T/G Progress x WVtg

WVp

WVp WVg WVcu WVtg

Design Process

Design Process

Design Criteria

Design Input Interdisciplinary Design Review

Design Output

Procurement Construction/Start-up

Codes & Standards

Industry Information

Design Characteristics

Reference Plant Material

Supplier Document

Review/ Response

Procurement Spec

Drawings/ Construction Spec

Action

Construction Interface

Comment

Submit

Question

Response

Via Owner

Review/Approval

Requiements

Owner

Question/Response

Requirements

Regulatory Agency


PRR Australia

Documents

MSP PRESENTATION