musa, Risa, muhammedi

musa, Risa,

muhammedi(mSvidoba maT)

sami misioneris erTi misia

doqtori s.m. bleheri

4 sami misioneris erTi misia

istoria

istorias adamianebi qmnian da zogierTi maTgani sxvebze metad amCnevs kvals mis dinebaze. maT Soris gamoCenilma pirovnebebma safuZveli Cauyares msoflios wamyvan religiebs da didi gavlena iqonies TavianT mimdevrebze. Mmas Semdeg, rac musa Risa da muhammedi moevlinen dedamiwaze, ibramiseuli samive religia: iudaizmi, qristianoba da islami aTaswleulebis manZilze axdendnen gavlenas istoriis mimdinare movlenebze. maTi arsebobis manZilze es religiebi mudam ejibrebodnen erTmaneTs, xSirad konfliqtebic mosvliaT da brZolebic uwarmoebiaT

5sami misioneris erTi misia

erTmaneTTan. Aamitomac maTi STamomavlebi xSirad ver acnobirebdnen, rom es religiebi ZiriTadad ar gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisagan da maTi mTavari mesiji erTmaneTis msgavsi iyo.

am broSuraSi asaxulia maTi cxovreba da moRvawe-oba da naCvenebia, rom maTi moZRvrebani erTmaneTTan winaaRmdegobaSi ki ar modian, aramed avseben erTma-neTs. maTze naambobis gasamyareblad mogvyavs aiaTebi yuranidan da citatebi biblidan, Tumca ki es bruSura ar aris gankuTvnili mxolod romelime erTi religi-is mimdevrebisTvis. Cveni mizania am sami Suamavlebis monoTeisturi msoflmxedveloba gasagebi gavxadoT adamianebisTvis, radganac amis codna dRevandeli sam-yaros mosaxleobisTvis metad saWiro da aqtualuria.

RvTis Suamavlebi gavlenas axdendnen, rogorc re-ligiur, aseve cxovrebis politikur sferozec. isini adamianebs mouwodebdnen rwmenisa da moraluri siw-mindis dacvisken, riTac ewinaaRmdegebodnen cxovre-bis mankier mxareebs da adamianTa Cagvras. politiku-ri realoba sxvadasxva epoqaSi sxvadasxvagvari iyo da Sesabamisad RvTis Suamavlebi da maTi mimdevrebi adekvatur winaRmdegobas uwevdnen TavianTi drois mmarTvel elitas da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi re-formebis gatarebas cdilobdnen. maTi mTavari mesiji, miznebi da maRali principebi, rasac isini emsaxure-bodnen, erTmaneTisagan arsebiTad ar gansxvavdebod-nen.


musa (mSvidoba mas)

musa cxovrobda uZleveli da tirani faraonis mmarTvelobis xanaSi. igi Cagruli klasis warmomad-genelia, romelmac mZlavri winaaRmdegobis Sedegad bolo mouRo tiranis mmarTvelobas. Aam rolis Se-sasruleblad mSvenieri Canafiqri iyo is faqti, rom musa Tavad am faraonis ojaxSi aRizarda ,,faraonis saxleulma aiyvana igi, raTa gamxdariyo maTi mteri da sadardebeli.” (yasasi 8)

RvTis SuamavalTa ideebi maTi gardacvalebis Sem-degac did gavlenas axdenen dRevandel samyaroze, aseve maT movlinebasac yovelTvis win uswrebda xol-me amis winaswari molodini. Aam mxriv musac ar yo-fila gamonaklisi. im periodSi egvipteSi imdenad momZlavrda winaswarmetyveluri gadmocemebi misi movlinebis Sesaxeb, rom mmarTveli klasi iZulebu-

li gaxda winaswar mieRo TavdacviTi zomebi. Cag-rul xalxs, rom Tavisi mxsneli ar movlenoda, faraonma brZaneba gasca, rom im wels, roca misi dabadeba iyo nawinaswar-metyvelebi yvela axal-dabadebuli mamrobiTi sqesis Cvili moeklaT da mxolod mdedrobiTi sqe-sis Cvili bavSvebi unda daetovebinaT.

,,ueWvelad, faraoni ga-didgulda qveyanaze da daadgina misi mcxovreb-lebi jgufebad. erTni


daaknina, klavs maT Zeebs da cocxals utovebs asu-lebs. ueWvelad, is iyo ukeTurobis gamavrcelebel-Tagani!”. (yasasi 4)

mariams eSinoda, rom misi vaJi ar moeklaT, amitom is Caawvina kalaTaSi da mdinareSi CauSva im imediT, rom bavSvs faraonis ojaxis romelime wevri ipovnida, rogorc es dadgenili iyo RvTiuri Zalevis mier.

,, da STavagoneT musas dedas: awove ZuZu, da roca SeSindebi mis gamo, Caagde mdinareSi. ar SeSinde da ar idardo, ueWvelad, Cven dagibrunebT ukan da davadgenT Suamavlad!” (al-yurani 28: 7)

musa Tavisi momavali mtris ojaxSi ara marto Seifares da gazardes, aramed dedamisic rom mSvidad yofiliyo ZiZad aiyvanes, radgan sxva veravin masze Sesaferisi ver moZebnes, mis mosavlelad.

,, -Cven avukrZaleT ZiZebisgan rZis daleva, sanam (misma dam) ar Tqva: „xom ar ganaxoT ojaxi, romelic mas mixedavs TqvenTvis da keTilmosurne iqneba misi?“

‘’-ase davubruneT dedamiss, raTa damSvidebuliyo qalis Tvalebi, ar edarda da scodnoda, rom allahis aRTqma WeSmaritia. magram maTma umravlesobam es ar ician!’’ (al-yurani 28, 12-13)

musa israili xalxis ganmanTavisuflebeli da maTi kanonmdebeli iyo. rogorc yvela adamians masac rTuli cxovreba qonda da simarTlis misaRwevad bevri dabrkolebis gadalaxva uwevda, cxovrebis adreuli wlebidan gardacvalebamde, manam sanam RvTis Suamavlis misia daekisreboda igi xalxisTvis Wkuis damrigebeli da magaliTis mimcemi iyo. Dda bolos man xalxi, romelic mudmiv daumorCileblobas ucxadebda arsebul reJims, aRTqmul miwasTan miiyvana.

,, aki, uTxra musam Tavis xalxs: xalxo Cemo! gaix-


seneT allahis wyaloba Tqvenda, rodesac daadgina Tqvens Soris Suamavalni da dagadginaT Tqven mefe-ebad, da mogcaT Tqven is, rac aravisTvis ar miucia qveynad.

xalxo Cemo! SediT wminda miwaze, romelic allahma TqvenTvis daadgina. da ar moiqceT ukan , Torem wage-bulni iqnebiT!“

maT uTxres: hei musa! ueWvelad, iq aulagmavi xalxia da ueWvelad, Cven ver SevalT iq, sanam isini ar gamov-len iqidan. da Tu gamovlen iqidan, maSin, ueWvelad SevalT Cven.

uTxra orma kacma, RvTismoSiSni romelnic iyvnen da mohmadla allahma wyaloba maT: „gailaSqreT maTze karibWiT da roca SexvalT iqidan, ueWvelad, gamarj-vebulni iqnebiT. da gqondeT imedi mxolod allahis, Tuki Tqven xarT morwmuneni!“

uTxres: hei musa! Cven iq arasodes SevalT, sanam iq arian isini. wadiT da iomeT Sen da Senma RmerTma. Cven ki aq visxdebiT!

Seevedra : RmerTo Cemo! ueWvelad, me ar maqvs meu-feba garda Cemi da Cemi Zmisa . Sen gansaje Cvensa da am urC xalxs Soris!

miugo : „ueWvelad, is maTTvis akrZaluli iqneba ormoci weli. isini ixetialeben dedamiwaze. xolo Sen ar inaRvlo urCi xalxis gamo! (maide 20-26)

bunebrivia, rom iseT did adamianze, rogoric is iyo unda Seiqmnas mcire zomis mecnieruli naSromi, ro-melSic yvelaze saukeTeso azrebi da misi cxovrebis yvelaze saintereso detalebi iqneba SerCeuli da gadmocemuli. Aam naSromSi ara marto istoriuli mo-mentebi unda iyos gadmocemuli, aramed dRevandelo-bas am movlenis didi mniSvneloba unda Semounaxos.


musa izrdeboda, rogorc privilegirebuli ojaxis warmomadgeneli, romelic qveynis momavali mmarTveli unda gamxdariyo, Tumca Tavisi SinaganiT Zalian waa-gavda Tavisi wris xalxs, radgan maTi kargad esmoda, igi bunebiT metad samarTliani adamiani iyo. Eebrae-lebisa da egviptelebis brZolis dros, man ebraelebs dauWira mxari da daxmareba aRmouCina maT, roca maTi urTiarTdapirispirebis mowme gaxda, amiT man Zalian didi dartyma miayena egviptelebs da Zalian inana, radgan ar egona, rom misi Careva mtyuansa da marTals Soris aseT xangrZliv daZabulobas gamoiwvevda maT Soris.

,, Sevida qalaqSi, roca misi mcxovrebni uyuradRe-bod iyvnen da Sexvda or kacs, romlebic Cxubobdnen. erTi misi momxreTagani iyo, meore ki misi mtrebis mxridan. misma momxreTaganma daxmareba sTxova misi mtris winaaRmdeg. musam muSti daartya da gaaTava. Tqva: „es eSmakis saqmeTagania. ueWvelad, igi aSkara mteria, gzidan Semcdeni!“

‘’Seevedra: „RmerTo Cemo! ueWvelad, Cems Tavs usa-marTlod moveqeci! maS, Seminde!“ miuteva, ueWvelad, igi Semndobia, mwyalobelia!” (yasasi 15-16)

etyoba egviptur sazogadoebaSi saer-To areulobis xana idga, radgan meore dRes is SemTxveviT isev SeeCexa im kacs, romelic gadaarCi-na, is kvlav CxubSi iyo CarTuli da isev sTxova daxmareba, mu-sa jer Tavi Seikava,


Semdeg daexmara, magram radgan mobezrda es yovelive da aRar undoda kidev gadayroda mesamed Cxubs, ga-dawyvita saerTod daetovebina qalaqi da wasuliyo, radgan mixvda, rom mas moZebnidnen da pasuxs moTxovd-nen imis gamo, rac gaakeTa.

,,qalaqSi gaaTia Rame, SiSiT icqireboda, da uecrad, vinc guSin daxmareba sTxova, isev is saSvelad ixmob-da. musam uTxra mas: „ueWvelad, Sen aSkara zRvarga-dasuli xar!“

‘’xolo roca man moisurva maTi mtris daWera, iman uTxra: „hei, musa! nuTu iseve momklav, rogorc is mo-kali guSin? Sen ginda usamarTlo gaxde da ar ginda Semrigebloba!“

‘’qalaqis gareubnidan erTma kacma moirbina da uTx-ra: „hei, musa! didebulebi gadawyvetilebas iReben Sens mosaklavad. axlave wadi! ueWvelad, SenTvis keTilis mrCvelTagani var.“

‘’musa wavida, SiSiT mzirali da Seevedra: „RmerTo Cemo! mixsen usamarTlo xalxisgan!“ (yasasi 18-21).

is gaeqca samarTals, radgan icoda, rom samarTa-li mis sasargeblod ar metyvelebda. Mmusa Cavida midianSi es qalaqi imyofeba im teritoriaze sadac

dRes iordania da sa-udis arabeTi esazR-vrebian erTmaneTsda, romelic iyo meore Suamavalis Suaaibis) samSoblo, visganac musam bevri ram iswav-la, rac daexmara mas egvipteSi sabolood dabrunebaSi. roca


mSieri da daRlili musa midianSi Cavida, ori mwyemsi gogona dainaxa, romlebic sxva mamakac mwyemsebTan er-Tad cdilobdnen cxvari wylian adgilTan mieyvanaT da ver axerxebdnen. Seecoda da daexmara maT. sama-gierod maTma mamam is saxlSi miipatiJa, man moismina misi ambavi da SesTavaza samsaxuri ramdenime wliT da Semdeg nebas darTavda, rom misi erT-erTi qaliSvili colad SeerTo.

,,roca medienis wyarosTan mivida, SeniSna xalxi, romelic saqonels wyals asmevda. maT Soris or qals mokra Tvali, romlebic Tavis saqonels mierekebodnen iqidan. hkiTxa: „ras akeTebT?“ uTxres: „ver davarwyu-lebT, sanam mwyemsebi ar gaeclebian aqaurobas. mamaC-veni ki Zalian moxucia.“

‘’maTTvis daarwyula , mere CrdilSi mibrunda da Tqva: „RmerTo Cemo! ueWvelad, vsaWiroeb yovelgvar sikeTes, romelsac ki Sen zegardmomivlen!“

‘’erTi im qalTagani miuaxlovda morcxvad da uTx-ra: mamaCemi geZaxis, rom dagasaCuqros, radgan dag-virwyuleo.“ roca is mivida da mouyva Tavis ambavs, man uTxra: „nu geSinia, gadaurCi usamarTlo xalxs!“

‘’erT-erTma qalma uTxra: „mamaCemo! daiqirave, is xom saukeTesoa imaTgan, vis daqiravebasac Sen apireb, Zlieris da saimedosi!“

‘’uTxra: „WeSmaritad, minda colad SegrTo erT-erTi Cemi asuli mxolod im pirobiT, Tu 8 wliT mo-jamagired damidgebi. da Tu 10 wels darCebi, es Sengan wyaloba iqneba. ar vapireb Sens Seviwroebas da naxav, Tu allahi inebebs, rom keTilismqmnelTagani var!’’ (yasasi 23-27)

mTeli aTi wlis Semdeg musam datova midiani Tavis ojaxTan erTad da sxvagan daiwyo sacxovreblis


Zebna, an, rogorc zogi ambobs, undoda farulad dabrunebuliyo egvipteSi. Mmagram RmerTis neba sxvagvari iyo. Ggzaze cecxli SeniSna. sadac cecxlia iq xalxic unda iyos, man ojaxi ukan Camoitova, raTa sifrTxilis zomebi mieRo da Tavad gaemarTa iqiT sakvebis da ambis gasagebad. magram es koconi ar iyo Cveulebrivi koconi. is ise iwvoda, rom buCqi, romelsac cecxli ekida ar iwvoda. Mmas xma Semoesma, romelmac ubrZana, rom pativiscemis niSnad fexze gaexada. Semdeg uTxres, rom mwyemsis tansacmeli gaexada da Zirs daeyara, romelic gvelad gadaiqca, mere ki miuTiTes, rom is xelSi aeRo da man isev pirvandeli saxe miiRo. Mmisma xelma feri icvala, gafermkrTalda da gaTeTrda, Tumca araviTari dazianeba ar etyoboda.

,,roca musam gaasrula vada muSaobisa, gaudga gzas ojaxTan erTad da SeamCnia mTis mxridan cecxli, uTx-ra Tavisianebs: „aq darCiT! cecxli davinaxe. SeiZleba movitano iqidan ambavi an muguzali, rom gaTbeT.“

‘’roca iqamde miaRwia, xma Semoesma xidan, romelic dalocvil adgilze izrdeboda xeobaSi: „hei, musa! ueWvelad, me var allahi, samyaroTa RmerTi!’’

‘’isrole Seni kverTxi!“ da rom dainaxa rogor ik-lakneboda is gveliviT, gaiqca ukanmouxedavad. „hei, musa! momiaxlovdi da nu geSinia, rameTu Sen xar erT-erTi imaTgani, visac araferi emuqreba!’’

‘’Caiyavi xeli ubeSi da iqidan gamova qaTqaTa TeT-ri. xels Caexute, rom SiSisgan gaTavisuflde. ai, ori mtkicebuleba Seni RmerTisgan faraonisa da misi di-debulebisTvis. ueWvelad, isini gzasamcdari xalxia!“

‘’miugo: „RmerTo Cemo! erTi imaTgani movkali da meSinia, rom momklaven!’’

‘’Cemi Zma haruni Cemze ufro mWermetyvelia. gamouSvi


Cems damxmared, rom daadasturos Ce-mi alalmarTloba. marTla meSinia, rom crud Semracxaven!“

‘’uTxra: gangamt-kiceb Seni Zmis meS-veobiT da dagidgen orTaves simtkices. verafers gavneben. Cveni saswaulebis meSveobiT, vinc ga-mogyveba Tqven, gamarjvebulni darCebiT !“ (yasasi 29-35)

is SeSinda, radgan am moulodnelma gamocxadebam mas cxovrebaSi didi misia daakisra. is unda wasuliyo faraonTan da moeTxova misgan, rom gaeTavisuflebina ebraelebi monobisagan. Ees gamocxadeba daexmara mas daeZlia tiranTan pirispir Sexvedris SiSi, romelic albaT moklavda mas. is iseTi saswaulebrivi ZalebiT aRiWurva, rasac faraonis grZneulebic ki maSinve SeniSnavdnen. Mmusa mainc ar iyo darwmunebuli, rom is masze dakisrebul movaleobas aRasrulebda da man Txova Tavis ufros Zmas Aaarons (haruns), rom wayoloda mas am Txovnaze daTanxmda misi Zma, Tumca ucnobia is midianaSive SeuerTda mas, Tu Semdeg,roca egvipteSi dabrunda.

faraons Tavi RmerTad warmoedgina da miaCnda, rom yvelas misTvis unda eca Tayvani. Mmas Zalian ar esiamovna, roca musa dabrunda, mis aRmatebulebas Sehkadra da ebraelebs ganTavisufleba mosTxova, radgan egviptis ekonomika didad iyo damokidebuli monur Sromaze.

,,roca musa mivida maTTan Cveni cxadi saswaule-


biT, uTxres: „es gamogonili ja-doqrobaa. arafe-ri gvsmenia amis msgavsi Cveni wi-naprebisgan!“

‘’maSin musam Tqva: „Cemi Rmer-Ti ukeT uwyis imas, vinc movida WeSmaritebiT mis-gan da visi iqneba

bolo qveynisa. ueWvelad, usamarTloni ver iqnebian netarni!“ (yasasi 36-37)

‘’is ver ijerebda,rom es kaci SeiZleba Suamavali yofiliyo, is xom mis ojaxSi izrdeboda da imis ma-givrad, rom amisTvis misi madlieri yofiliyo dau-pirispirda mas. ,, (faraonma) uTxra): „gana Cven ar ga-mogzardeT Cvilobidan? gana Cvens Soris ar gaatare mravali weli?’’

‘’gana Sen ar Cagidenia is, rac Caidine? Sen xar erTi umadurTagani!“ (SuRera 18-19).

amitom faraonma didi saxalxo sanaxaoba moawyo da misnebi emzadebodnen, rom TavianTi saswaulebi warmo-edginaT da prizebi da jildoebi moegoT.

,, da vficav, rom Cven vaxilvineT mas Cveni yvela saswauli misgan , magram crud Seracxa da gajiutda!’’

‘’uTxra : „hei musa, nuTu imisTvis moxvedi CvenTan, raTa Seni jadoqrobiT gagvaZevo Cven Cvensave miwidan ?!’’

‘’maS, Cvenc, uTuod, gaCvenebT Sen aseTive jadoqro-bas. axla daTqvi dro Cvensa da Sens Soris, Sesaferis


adgilas, rom ar gadavTqvaT igi Cven da arc Sen!“

‘’miugo: „Tqveni dro iyos zinaTis dRe, raTa Seiya-ros xalxi diliT.“ (taha 56-59)

‘’amgvarad, Sekribes jadoqrebi daTqmuli dRisTvis.’’

‘’da aha, uTxres xalxs: „SeikribeT!’’

‘’SesaZloa mogviwios jadoqrebze gayola, Tu isini gaimarjveben!“

‘’da roca movidnen jadoqrebi, uTxres faraons: „Tu gavimarjvebT, sazRaurs miviRebT?“ (SuRera 38-41)

‘’maSin jadoqrebi miwaze gaerTxnen sejdeTi , Tqves: „Cven viwameT harunisa da musas RmerTio!“

‘’Tqva : „nuTu irwmuneT misi manam, vidre me nebas mogcemdi Tqven? ueWvelad, igi Tqveni ufrosia, romel-mac SegaswavlaT Tqven jadoqroba. maS, uTuod, mogkveT xel-fexs sxvadasxva mxriT da palmis xeze gagakrav. da namdvilad gaigebT visi sasjelia ufro mkacri da xangrZlivi!“

‘’uTxres: „SeuZlebelia gamjobinoT Sen imas, romel-mac moavlina cxadi mtkicebebiT da romelmac gagva-Cina Cven. ase, rom Sen hqmen rac genebos, rameTu Seni msjavri mxolod amqveyniur cxovrebaze vrceldeba!’’

‘’ueWvelad, Cven virwmuneT Cveni RmerTi, raTa mog-vitevos Secdomebi Cveni da jadoqroba, romelic Sen gvaiZule. xolo allahi saukeTesoa da maradiuli !”. (taha 70-73)

,, maSin jadoqrebi sejdeze ganerTxen.’’

‘’Tqves: „Cven virwmuneT samyaroTa RmerTis,’’

‘’musas da harunis RmerTi!“

‘’uTxra: „nuTu iwameT misi manamde, sanam amis ufle-bas mogcemdiT? ueWvelad, igi Tqveni meTavea, romelmac jadoqroba gaswavlaT! maS, male SeityobT! uTuod, xel-fexs gardigardmo mogaWri da Zelze gagakrav Tqven!“


‘’miuges: „ar vdardobT! ueWvelad, Cvens RmerTTan miviqceviT!’’

‘’ueWvelad, Cven vimedovnebT, rom mogvitevebs Cveni RmerTi Cvens Secodebebs imisTvis, rom SeviqmeniT pir-veli morwmuneTagani!“ (SuRera 46-51)

moses saswaulebma faraoni asea Tu ise daafiqra da Tavisi brZanebis Sesruleba meore dRisTvis gadado, raTa Tavisi moTxovnis sisworeSi darwmunebuliyo.

’’am SemTxvevis Semdeg mravali wlis manZilze grZeldeboda kamaTi da azrTa gacvla-gamocvla mo-sesa da faraons Soris. Aam drois ganmavlobaSi eg-viptelebma mravali ubedureba gadaitanes, da es iyo RmerTis gafrTxileba da amave dros sasjeli misi mxridan.

,,ueWvelad, Cven davatexeT Tavs mousavlianoba fa-raonis saxleuls wlebis manZilze, egeb gons moge-bodnen egeni!,,

,,magram maT, roca sikeTe ewiaT, Tqves: es davimsaxu-reT Cven! da Tuki avi daatydaT, musas da vinc masTan iyo imas miawerdnen. arada maTi ubedureba allahis-ganaa, magram umetesoba maTgan amas ver xvdeba.,, (eRrafi 130-131)

amave dros, ebraelebi devnas da gaWirvebas ganicdidnen, magram amis miuxedavad mainc bevri maTgani daupirispirda musas, radgan yovelives mas abralebdnen.

,,isini ambobdnen: ,, ...miuges: Cven daviCagreT adrec, sanam Sen CvenTan moxvidodi da Seni mosvlis...” (eRrafi 7:129)

wlebis ganmavlobaSi didi gaWirveba sufevda da bo-los faraonma dauSva is, rom musas ebraelebi monobidan daexsna, Tumca roca es dRec gaTenda, man inana Tavisi


gadawyvetile-ba da Tavisi jariT gamoe-devna maT.

, ,faraoni Tavisi jariT daedevna maT, magram zRvam STanTqa er-Tianad”. (yurani 20:78)

ebraelebs eWvi SeeparaT musas siZliereSi da SeeSindaT, rom yvelani daixocebodnen, magram man zRva Suaze gaapo Tavisi kvarTiT, rom ebraelebs Tavisuflad gadaela-xaT is, xolo egviptelebi masSi CaaxrCo.

,,xolo roca orma jgufma erTmaneTi dainaxes, musas mxleblebma Tqves: „ueWvelad, dagvewevian!“

,,miugo : aramc da aramc! ueWvelad, Semeweva Cemi RmerTi da damadgens WeSmarit gzaze!“

,,maSin STavagoneT musas: „daartyi Seni joxi zRvas!“ umal gaipo igi da TiToeuli nawili uzarmazar mTa-saviT aRimarTa.,,

,,Cven mivuaxloveT meorenic (faraonis amala)!,,

,,gadavarCineT musa da yvelani masTan myofni,,

,,mere ki davaxrCveT sxva danarCenni!,,

,,ueWvelad, amaSi saswaulia, magram umravlesobam ar irwmuna!” (SuRera 61-67)

am misiis aRsrulebis Semdeg mravali wlis manZil-ze iares udabnoSi da am xnis manZilze musa darwmunda, rom xalxi jiuti, Tavneba da naklebad morwmunea, rac imiTaa gamowveuli, rom Taobebi monobasa da morCile-


baSi aRizardnen. Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom mravali saswa-ulebrivi movlenis mowmeni iyvnen da RvTiswyaloba ar akldaT, roca magaliTad sruliad unayofo udabnoSi sakvebsac poulobdnen da wyalsac, mainc ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamdnen im siZneleebis gamo, rasac mogzaurobis dros awydebodnen da isev im dros natrobdnen, roca egvipteSi cxovrobdnen.

,,da roca Tqven uTxariT: hei, musa! erTi saxeobis saWmels veRar avitanT! SesTxo-ve Sens RmerTs mogvces is, rac miwas amohyavs: bostneuli, kit-ri, niori, ospi da xaxvi. miugo : „nuTu iTxovT uaresiT Sec-valos is, rac ukeTesia? CadiT qalaqSi, swored

iq aris rac iTxoveT.“ „xolo (qalaqSi CasulT) Tavs daatydaT damcireba da siRaribe. moiwies maT al-lahis risxva, radgan ar iwames allahis aiaTebi da usamarTlod klavdnen Suamavlebs! es imisTvis, rom gaurCndnen da zRvars gadavidnen,, (bayara 61)

maT agreTve SurdaT im adamianebis, romlebic gzad xvdebodad da romlebic Zvirfasi masalisagan nakeTeb kerpebs eTayvanebodnen.

,,xolo gadaviyvaneT israilis Svilni zRvaze da gadaawydnen xalxs, romelnic TavianT kerpebs eTay-vanebodnen. uTxres: hei, musa! dagvidgine Cven iseTi RvTaeba, rogori RvTaebebic hyavT maT. miugo: ueWve-


lad, Tqven xarT xalxi, romelnic ver arCevT kargsa da cuds.” (eRrafi 138)

,,da daidgina musas xalxma, mis Semdgom, maTi samka-ulebidan qmnili xbo kerpad, romelic bRaoda. nuTu ver xedaven, rom ar elaparakeba is maT da ar daadgens maT WeSmarit gzas? daidgines igi da usamarTloni Seiqmnen”. (eRrafi 148)

rodesac mose RmerTTan saubris Semdeg ukan dabrunda Zalian gabrazda imis gamo, rac maT Caidines. Mman pirvel rigSi Tavisi Zma haruni daadanaSaula imis gamo, rom ar HSeaCera isini da Seegua im azrs, rom maTi aseTi saqcieli maT Soris Cxubs da areulobas gamoiwvevda.

,,uTxra : „hei, harun! roca naxe, rom gzas acdenen maT, ram SegiSala xeli ?,,

,,ratom me ar momyevi? nuTu aRudeqi Cems saqmes?“

,,miugo: „hei, dedaCemis Zeo! nu mwvdebi wverSi da Tav-ze . ueWvelad, me SemeSinda, rom metyodi: Sen ganxeTqi-leba Camoagde israilis ZeTa Soris da ar Seasrule Cemi sityvao!” (taha 92-94).

Mmxolod musa iyo TviTon qarizmatuli lideri, romelsac SeeZlo xalxisgan usityvo morCileba moeTxova, man brZana, rom daemtvriaT kerpi da gaegdoT samiri, romelmac Seqmna es kerpi maTTvis da xotba Seasxa mas. igi istoriul winaprebSi moixsenieba, rogorc mousyidveli pirovneba. M

,,hkiTxa: „maS, Sen raRa Tqvi, hei samir?“

,,miugo: „me davinaxe is, rasac eseni ver xedaven. ma-Sin aviRe erTi muWa Suamavlis nakvalevidan , mere igi Cavyare . ai, ase damimSvena Cemma sulma.“

,,uTxra : „maS, gamecale! ueWvelad, Sen sicocxlis manZilze mxolod is geqneba saTqmeli : „ar momeka-


roT!“ da ueWvelad, SenTvisaa aRTqma , romelsac ver gaeqcevi. da gaixede Seni RvTaebisken, romelzec mi-jaWvuli iyavi. uTuod, Cven davwvavT mas. mere uTuod mas vaqcevT ferflad da zRvaSi movisvriT !,, (taha 95-97)

,,Tavisi xalxis gasanaTleblad mosem maT Soris 70 adamiani SearCia da mTaze aiyvana, sadac maT iseTi sidiade da siZliere ixiles, rom goneba dakarges. ,, da airCia musam Tavisi xalxidan samocdaaTi kaci Cvengan daTqmuli vadisTvis. da roca miwisZvra da-atydaT Tavs, man Tqva: RmerTo Cemo! Sen rom gesurva, aqamde gaanadgurebdi maTac da mec. nuTu gagvanadgu-reb imisaTvis, rac Caidines cnobamixdilebma Cvengan? sxva araferi iyo es, Tu ara gamocda Sengan. amiT gzas aacden imaT, inebeb visac da WeSmarit gzas daadgen, inebeb visac. Sen xar Cveni mfarveli. maS, mogviteve da Segviwyale Cven, rameTu Sena xar saukeTeso mimtevebe-li!” (eRrafi 155) M

magram, roca isini xalxTan dabrundnen da maT ubr-Zanes, rom Sesawirad Zroxa daeklaT, maT mravali mize-zi moigones da uamravi SekiTxva dasves, radgan Tavi aeridebinaT da TavianTi erT-erTi yvelaze saukeTeso cxoveli ar SeewiraT msxverplad. maT am brZanebas yuradReba Aar miaqcies.

,, roca musam uTxra Tavis xalxs: ueWvelad, allah-ma gibrZanaT Tqven Zroxa (furi) daklaT (SeswiroT), maT upasuxes: gana masxrad gvigdeb? maSin Tqva (musam): damifaros allahma, Tu viyo uvicTagani!,,

,,uTxres: SesTxove CvenTvis Sens RmerTs, rom agvixs-nas rogoria is. musam miugo: ueWvelad, igi (allahi) brZanebs: „is Zroxaa, arc bexreki, da arc uSobela, amaT Soris saSualo. gaakeTeT is, rac gebrZanaT!“

,,uTxres: SesTxove CvenTvis Sens RmerTs, agvixs-


nas ra ferisaa is. musam miugo: ueWvelad, igi (al-lahi) brZanebs: „igia Zro-xa yviTeli, xasxasa feris, Tvals uxarebs mnaxvelT.“

,,uTxres: SesTxove CvenTvis Sens RmerTs, rom agviRweros rogoria is. diaxac, rom CvenTvis is Zroxa mgvania sxva danar-Cenis, da Tu allahi ine-bebs, ueWvelad, Cven vezia-rebiT WeSmaritebas,,

,,Tqva musam: ueWvelad, igi (allahi) brZanebs: is aris Zroxa uReldaudgme-li, arc miwas xnavs da arc naTessa rwyavs, uvneblad Senaxuli, zed erTi niSanic ki ar aqvs. uTxres: axla ki moxvedi simarTliTurT (namdvilad aRgviwere). Sem-deg dakles igi, TumcaRa (amis) gakeTeba ar surdaT.” (yurani 2: 67-71)

Risa (mSvidoba mas)

is uCveulod moevlina am qveyanas da aseve uCveu-lod gavida am qveynidan. igi iseve gaCnda, rogorc adami, mamis gareSe.

“ueWvelad, allahis winaSe Risas gaCenis forma ada-mis gaCenis formis msgavsia: man igi miwisgan Seqmna. Semdeg uTxra: iqmen! da iqmna isic.” (ali imrani 59)

da man sikvdili zecaSi aRdgomiT daamarcxa vidre meored mosvlamde.

,,aramed allahma aRamaRla igi TavisTan, rameTu


allahi Zlevamosilia, brZenia!” (nisa 158)

Risa SuamavalTa Soris imdenad gamorCeulia, rom, zogma is RmerTad gamoacxada. isini ZiriTadad mis amaRlebul sulierebasa da mis mier Cadenil saswau-lebze amaxvilebdnen yuradRebas da xSirad aviwyde-bodaT, rom man agreTve didi roli iTamaSa da Tavisi politikiT daupirispirda ebrael farisevlebs.

,,kanonmdeblebi da fari-esevlebi moses savarZelSi sxedan Sen unda daemorCilo maT da yvelaferi gaakeTo, rasac getyvian”(maTe 23: 2)

aman warmoSva problemebi romael mmarTvelebTan, ro-melTa sruli iurisdiqciis qveSac moqmedebdnen isini. is ZiriTadad adamianis pirov-nul Rirsebas aqcevda yu-radRebas, vidre mis qcevas. man samlocvelodan gandevna fuliT movaWreni.

,,Risa Sevida samlocve-los teritoriaze da yvela-ni gamoaZeva iqidan vinc yid-da da vinc yidulobda. man fulis gadamxurdaveblebs

magidebi gadauyirava, da vaWrebs skamebi miumtvr-mo-umtvria.” ,,dawerilia”, Tqva man, ,,Cem saxls mlocvelTa saxli unda ewodos, magram Tqven qurdebis bunagad aqcieT.” (maTe 21: 12-13)

is, rom qalwulma Sva Risa es movlena massze gadmo-sul didi madlad ar CauTvala Risas dedas xalxma.


marias urwmonobaSic ki dasdes brali, roca is iqidan dabrunda, sadac ganmartoebiT Sva igi.

,, Semdeg daidgina maTgan gamyofi farda. maSin Cven warvgzavneT masTan Cveni suli , romelic mis winaSe srulyofili kacis ieriT warsdga,,

,,dao harunis, ar iyo mamaSeni cudi kaci, da arc de-daSeni iyo msubuqi yofaqcevis qali!“ (mariami 17-28)

sxva mraval uCveulo TvisebaTa Soris, romliTac is dajildoebuli iyo, erT-erTi laparakis unari iyo, romelic mas dabadebisTanave gaaCnda . is icavda dedas da ambobda, rom mas Suamavlis misia qonda da-kisrebuli, rac did gaocebas iwvevda da yvela gaog-nebuli iyo misi am Tvisebis gamo. man adreul asakSive moipova dafaseba da kargi reputacia.

,, miuTiTa misken . uTxres: „rogor velaparakoT mas Cven, roca igi Cvilia, akvanSi mwoliare?“

,,miugo :„ueWvelad, me allahis msaxuri var. me miboZa wigni da me damadgina Suamavlad.” (mariami 29-30)

roca gaizarda, orive Tviseba gamoavlina codnac da sibrZnec. mkurnalis saswaulmoqmedi Zalac mieca da Zalian gaiTqva saxeli. is arasodes eZebda popu-larobas da gandidebas, yovelTvis imaze miuTiTebda, vinc gamogzavna: RmerTze.

,, da uTxra allahma: „hei, Risa, mariamis Svilo, ga-na Sen uTxari xalxs, dagvadgineT me da dedaCemi or RmerTad, allahis garda?“ miugo: „dideba Senda! ro-gor vityodi imas, rac ar vici. me rom es meTqva, Sen gecodineboda. Sen uwyi imas, rac CemSia, me ki ar vici is, rac SenSia. ueWvelad, Sen is xar, vinc uwyis dafa-ruli. (maide 116)

amis Sesaxeb kargad ambobs maTe 10: 40, sadac is Tavis mociqulebs arigebs: ,, is vinc gaRiarebs Tqven,


maRiarebs mec da is, vinc maRiarebs me aRiarebs mas, vinc me gamomgzavna”.

misi mociqulebi rCeuli adamianebi iyvnen, romle-bic mas dayvebodnen yvelgan da mouwodebdnen xalxs WeSmariti rwmenisa da keTil saqmeebis keTebisaken da awavlidnen maT, rom RmerTi ufro diadia, vidre arsebuli kanonebi. is ebraeli xalxis reformatori iyo ,,gzaabneuli cxvari mxolod saxlSi, israelSi gagzavneT!”, es sityva moyvanilia maTes saxarebaSi 15: 24 da ar qonia ganzraxva, rom Tavisi misia aResru-lebina da ganevrco im xalxze, vinc musas rjuls ar emorCileboda.

,,ar gegonoT me kanonierebisa da Suamavlebis Sesacvlelad movedi. me movedi ara maT Sesacvlelad, aramed kanonierebisa da Suamavlobis aRsasruleblad.” (maTe 5: 17-19)

rogorc davinaxeT, ebraelebs gauZneldaT ar gadaexviaT musas darigebisagan da im droisaTvis, roca Risa daibada, ukve mZlavri monaTmflobeluri sistema iyo Camoyalibebuli. Risam musas martivi sakanonmdeblo sistema, ufro rTuli sistemiT Caanacvla. yvelam dainaxa, Risa mouwodebda xalxs sulierebis, kanonmorCilebisa da imisaken, rom mTavari arsi Cveni raobisa aris RmerTis rwmenaSi da ara


batonisadmi morCilebaSi. amitomac gegmavdnen mis moSorebas, an mokvlas.

yvela qristiani Risas ar Tvlida RvTiur arsebad, bevrs miaCnda, rom masze aseTi warmodgena mxolod imitom SeeqmnaT, rom romaaelebma jvars acves is. yuranSi es Tvalsazrisi ar aris gaziarebuli da naTqvamia, rom aseTi adamianebi kargad ar arian garkveuli am sakiTxSi:

,,... da ar mouklavT igi da ar gaukravT, magram mo-eCvenaT maT , da ueWvelad, romelnic ver Tanxmdebian masSi, amis gamo eWvSi arian, araviTari codna ar aqvT amis Taobaze, mxolod varauds miyvebian, da ar mouk-lavT namdvilad igi” (yurani 4: 157)

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, fiqroben, rom viRac sxva acves jvars, xolo RmerTma ieso TavisTan aRadgina mkvdreTiT, riTac is jvarcmas gadaarCina da aaSora is saSineli sikvdili, rogorc es bibliaSia aRwerili. qristianuli reliigiis mimdevrebi, romelic samebas qadageben, mogvianebiT Seecaden aexsnaT, rom aucilebeli iyo RmerTs gaewira da jvars ecva misi erTaderTi Svili, raTa danarCeni kacobriobis codva gamoesyida. Tumca bibliaSi ar aris es idea mxardaWerili, rom RmerTi daundobelia da sjis da klavs udanaSaulo Risas raTa danarCenebis codvebi gamoisyidos.

,,mamebi ar unda mokvdnen Svilebis gamo da arc Svilebi unda mokvdnen mamebis gamo. yvela adamiani SeiZleba mokvdes mxolod sakuTari codvebis gamosasyidad.” (meoradi kanoni 24: 16).

radgan ufali kacTmoyvarea is ufro mimtevebelia, vidre samagieros gadamxdeli.

muslimanebi da qristianebi ver Tanxmdebian im sa-


kiTxSi, Tu rogor datova Risam es qveyana, roca eb-raelebi mis wi-naaRmdeg amxedr-dnen, magram isi-ni SeTanxmdnen imaSi, rom roca dro amoiwureba, is rogorc mesia dabrundeba mTe-li Tavisi dide-biT. ebraelebic

moelian TavianT danapireb mesias, magram radgan maT uaryves Risa da is satanis msaxurad gamoacxades, mas aRar airCeven mesiad. Risa maT TvalSi cru mesia iq-neba. qristianebisa da ebraelebisTvis yvela ebraeli mesia, vinc momavalSi gamoecxadebaT, cru da matyua-ra, anti-qriste iqneba, romelsac saxelad ,,dajali” erqmeva islamuri Tqmulebis mixedviT. am gamocemis mixedviT Risa damaskosTan axlos gamogvecxadeba da SeebrZoleba da daamarcxebs cru mesias, romlis Sem-deg is 40 wlis ganmavlobaSi mSvidobianad marTavs qveyanas da aayvavebs mas. is daqorwindeba, eyoleba Svilebi da bunebrivi sikvdiliT mokvdeba. mas muham-medis, bolo Suamavlis gverdiT dakrZalaven.

muhammedi (mSvidoba mas)

muhammedic orive iyo, sulieri lideric da re-formatoric, magram radgan man misi winamorbedi Su-amavlebisagan gansxvavebiT moaxerxa da Camoayaliba sruyofili sazogadoebrivi wyoba im mmarTvelobis Semdeg, romlebic man saTaveSi moiyvana, bevri misi bi-


ografi yuradRebas mis politikur karieraze ufro amaxvilebs, vidre mis sulier swavlebaze. mis saswa-ulmoqmed Zalasac didad arafrad miiCnevdnen, radgan maT mxolod im saswaulebis jerodaT, rac yuranma ucvlelad Semounaxa

,,(Suamavalo!) man TandaTan zemoavlina Senze WeS-mariti wigni, dasturad imisa, rac mis uwinares iyo; da moavlina TevraTi (Tora) da injilic (saxareba),, (ali imrani 3)

,, da vavlenT yuranidan imas, rac gankurneba da wya-lobaa morwmuneTaTvis. da arafers SesZens usamarT-lons, zaralis garda!...” (isra 82)

muhammedi daibada didgvarovanis ojaxSi q. meqaSi. igi dabadebidanve oboli iyo, radgan mama dabadebamde gardaecvala, ris gamoc arabul sazogadoebaSi Tavs cota daCagrulad grZnobda. deda maSin gardaecvala, roca jer kidev axalgazrda iyo da biZam, ebu Talib-ma gazarda. is warmatebuli vaWari iyo da erT-erT mdidar qvriv qalbatonTan, xadijasTan msaxurobda. is Zalian afasebda mis patiosnebas da colobac ki Ses-Tavaza, Tumca muhammedi masze gacilebiT axalgazrda iyo. mas yvela Zalian pativs scemda da afasebda. erT-xel, gamoqvabul hiraSi yofnis dros mTavar-angelozi jebraili gamoecxada da mouwoda muhammeds RvTis Suamavlis misia ekisra.

swored amis Semdeg daupirispirda mas imdroin-deli sazogadoeba. xalxi mas, rogorc pirovnebas ar dapirispirebia, isini aRaSfoTa iman, rom amiT mas arsebuli crurwmenebis damsxvreva surda.

,,an iqneb ver icnes TavianTi Suamavali da imitomac uaryofen mas?,,

,,nuTu amboben, rom igi giJia? arada igi mivida maT-


Tan WeSmaritebiTurT, magram sZagT WeSmariteba maT umravlesobas!,,

,,da rom yofiliyo WeSmariteba damokidebuli maT survilze, maSin uTuod Camoiqceodnen cani da qveyana da yovelive, rac maTzea. Cven ki vuboZeT maT Sexseneba , TumcaRa egeni Sexsenebisgan zurgs iqceven!” (morwmu-neni 69-71)

Tavidan man mxolod Tavis ojaxis wevrebs da Tavis megobrebs mouwoda, rom kerpebi uareyoT da namdvili RmerTi ewamaT, magram roca ukve saxalxod mouwoda amisken, maSin arsebuli reJimis mxardamWerebi, romle-bic morCil mrevlsac da religiasac Tavis sasargeb-lod iyenebdnen da mdidrdebodnen, daupirispirdnen muhammedis axal swavlebas, saSinlad lanZRavdnen mas fizikuradac devnidnen. miuxedavad amisa, muhammedis swavlebis mimdevar muslimanTa ricxvi mainc izrde-boda. sabolood isini yvelani gandevnes qalaqidan da maTTan vaWrobas embargo daades da am xalxTan yovelnairi urTierToba akrZales.

,,yureiSebi Seikribnen, raTa ganexilaT da SeedginaT dokumenti, romlis mixedviTac akrZaluli iyo banu haSimidan da banu muTTalibidan colad SeerToT qa-lebi. aseve maTac ekrZalebodaT, rom iqaur mamakaceb-ze daeqorwinebiaT TavianTi qalebi. maT araferi ar unda mieyidaT maTTvis da Tavadac araferi ar unda eyidaT maTgan. amave dokumentSi ewera, rom am pirobis dacvas mkacrad gaakontrolebdnen da Suagul qaabaSi dakides is, raTa yvelas waekiTxa da codnoda Tavisi movaleoba. (Tarix al-Tabari).

muhammedma moaxerxa da Tavis momxreebs Soris sxva qalaqSi iasribSi (mogvianebiT cnobilia, rogorc me-dina) monaxa usafrTxo TavSesafari da gadawyvita, rom organizeba moexdina da mimdevrebTan erTad iq


gadasuliyo. sanam yvela ar daabinava axal sax-lebSi, manam TviTonac ar dautovebia Zveli adgil-samyofeli. verc mas da verc mis mimdevrebs xeli ver SeuSales migraciis procesSi da axal adgil-ze igi Tavad gaxda Tavisi mimdevrebis meTauri da warmatebuli sazogadoe-ba Camoayaliba. amasTanave is axal kavSirebs amya-rebda mezobel tomebTan da saxelmwifoTa lide-rebTan. meqeli xalxisaT-vis amis gamo is konkuren-tad da saSiS pirovnebad iqca. es dapirispireba male saomar SetakebebSi gadaizarda. imis miuxedavad, rom isini ricxobrivad mterze ufro naklebni iyvnen da iaraRic cota qondaT, maT bediris omSi did gamarj-vebas miaRwies. uhudTan ki damarcxdnen. aseve mogvi-anebiT hendeqis omSic gaimarjves, romlis drosac. muslimebma didi danakargebi ganicades, magram mainc gaimarjves. hijridan aT weliwadze nakleb droSi, mas Semdeg, rac madinaSi pirveli migracia daiwyo, muham-medma umeTaura uZlevel armias da meqa ubrZolvelad daibruna, magram is didi TanagrZnobiTa da lmobiere-biT eqceoda iqaur mosaxleobasa da yofil mtrebs. man sabolood aRmofxvra kerpTayvanismcemloba da gaanadgura RmerTis saxlSi qaabaSi arsebuli kerpe-bi. am saxlSi xalxi mosalocad ibrahimis droidan dadioda.


,,paraskevs, ramadanis 20 ricxvSi, dilis 8 sa-aTze allahis Suamava-li Tavdaxrili Sevida meqaSi. roca is mixvda, Tu ra didi madliere-ba gamoiCina allahma mis mimarT da rogor daexmara meqas dapyro-baSi, mas ise ususurad moeCvena Tavisi Tavi, rom igi moixara da nikapiT TiTqmis aqlemis zurgs Seexo. is Tan sura fe-Tihs imeorebda zepirad, roca meqaSi gamarjvebu-li Sevida. igi samarT-

lianobis, Tanasworobis morCilebis droSiT xel-SiaRmarTuli midioda da ukan uzamh ibn zaudi, misi ganTavisuflebuli monis vaJi miyveboda da ara banu haSimis an qurauSis romelime vaJi, Tumca isinic iqve iyvnen. erT kacs, romelic qalaqis aRebis dRes SiSi-sagan kankalebda uTxra: damSviddi, nu geSinia, me mefe ar var. me yuraiSeli qalis Svili var, romelic mzeze gamomSral xorcs Wamda.

xalxi qaabasTan ASeikriba da wminda Suamavalma Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa maT: ,,RmerTi erTia, allahi. mas badali ar gaaCnia. man bevri sikeTe gaukeTa mis morCilebs da icavda Tanamoazreebs. gaxsovdeT, rom man gaauqma yovelgvari privilegiebi didgvarovnebis da mdidrebisaTvis. is mxolod qaabas icavda da mlocvelebs wyliT amaragebda. gaixseneT, rom yvelas, vinc mkvlelobas Caidenda, 100 aqlemiT ajarimebda.


o, quraiSelebo, RmerTma aRar SegarCinaT is siamaye, rac umecrebis xanaSi, Tqveni gaCenis sawyis etapze gqondaT, radgan yvela adamiani adamisagan iSva, adami ki miwisgan aris gaCenili. ,,o, rogor fiqrobT rogor unda mogeqceT?” maT uTxres: ,,o, allahis Suamavalo, sikeTiT. Cven mxolod sikeTes moveliT Sengan.” amaze wminda Suamavalma uTxra maT: ,,me Tqven imave sityvebiT mogmarTavT, ra sityvebiTac iusufi mimarTavda Tavis moZmeebs. dRes ar dagtuqsavT: wadiT, Tqven Tavisufali xarT.”am gancxadebas xalxi didi sixaruliT da taSiT Sexvda.” (muhammedis biografia ibn isxakis mixedviT).

roca muhammedi medinaSi dabrunda is gaerTiane-buli arabeTis erTpirovnuli mmarTveli gaxda, is-lami msoflioSi yvela mimarTulebiT gavrcelda. or aTeul welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi muhammadma Soreul udabnoSi mcxovrebi crumorwmune adamianebi ganviTarebul, Zlier sazogadoebad aqcia, romlebsac daweres konstitucia da srulyofili kodeqsi Seqm-nes, daarses universitetebi da kulturuli centrebi samyaros im nawilSi, romelic imxanad iyo cnobili. evropaSi im dros jer kidev monoba iyo gamefebuli saeklesio kanonebiT marTavdnen xalxs. maT kul-turul ganviTarebas islamur samyarosTan mWidro urTierTobis Sedegad miaRwies. maTi urTierTkontaq-tebi ar Sewyvetila, sanam eklesiam kvlav ar aRidgina Tavisi avtoriteti, rac inkviziciis Savbnel periodSi da mogvianebiT jvarosnuli kampaniis dros dakarges.

muhammedi marto msoflio lideri ar yofila. man religiur kanonebze dafuZnebuli saxelmwifo Seqmna, sadac xalxs saSualeba mieca, rom adodon RmerTi yo-velgvari devnisa da Seviwroebis gareSe. ierusalimSi RamiT mogzaurobis da caSi amaRlebis dros (isra da


miraj) muslimebs dReSi xuTjer namazis Sesruleba daevalaT.

,, dideba imas, romelmac RamiT gadaiyvana Tavisi msaxuri mesjidi haramidan mesjidi aysaSi, romlis Semogarenic Cven davloceT , raTa gveCvenebina misTvis nawilni Cveni saswaulnisa. ueWvelad, igia yovlismsme-ni, yovlismxedveli! (isra 1).

gacilebiT adre, sanam muhammedi medinaSi gadavi-doda bevrs eWvi epareboda, rom is da misi mimdevrebi odesme Tavs daaRwevdnen devnas, rasac isini meqaSi ganicdidnen. man ganacxada, rom amqveynad Suamavlad aris movlenili da SuamavalTa jaWvis bolo rgolia.

rwmena da keTili saqme.

RmerTis yvela Suamavali da maT Soris isinic, vize-dac zemoT gvqonda saubari saerTo mizans emsaxure-bodnen. maTi mizani iyo, rom xalxis goneba RmerTisken miemarTaT da aReWurvaT isini RvTisnierebiTa da RvTisadmi pativiscemiT. isini qadagebdnen, rom RmerTi erTia da despoti tiranis mimarT ar unda gamoviCi-noT erTguleba da mowiweba. nu daemonebiT simdidres da Zalauflebas, risi simboloc aris batknis kulti, romelmac erT dros bina qaabaSi daido. misadmi mor-Cileba xels uSlis, rom adamiani namdvili morwmune gaxdes. namdvili morwmune rom gaxdnen saWiroa, rom adamianebma saxalxod Seicvalon TavianTi qceva, rac mTlianad Secvlis sazogadoebas. Suamavlebi xalxs mouwodebdnen samarTlianobis da urTierTTanadgo-misaken da uqadagebdnen xalxs, rom RmerTis winaSe yvelani Tanabarni arian. iTxovdnen, rom bolo moeRos mevaxSeobas, xalxTa eqspluataciasa da Cagvras. isi-


ni, vinc sxvis xarjze mdidrdebian, xSirad religias sxvaTa mo-satyuebel iaraRad iyeneben, raTa ar mo-iTxovon TavianTi uflebebis dacva da monurad emsaxuron maT. aseTi adamianebi cdiloben dapirispi-reba warmoSvan ebrae-lebs, qristianebsa da muslimanebs Soris. Tu am metad sapativ-cemulo adamianebis, musas, Risas da mu-hammedis moZRvrebebs dakvirvebiT ganvixi-lavT, davinaxavT, rom maT erTi da igive mesiji aqvT, romlis garSemoc kacobrioba unda gaerTiandes da diadi momavalo aaSenos. adami-anebi ar unda daeqvemdebaron maT survils, vinc maT xelovnurad dayofas cdilobs. es mesiji yvelaze ucvlelad Semonaxulia yuranSi, romlis mixedviTac muhammedi RvTiT movlenil SuamavalTa jaWvis bolo rgolia da misi mesiji yvela CvenTaganisaTvis upir-velesi mniSvnelobisaa, visac rmerTis gziT gvsurs siaruli.


`rameTu maTis ar mouklavT

simarTle Risas Sesaxeb

muslimuri xedva

doqtori s.m. bleheri


eWvgareSea, rom Risa Cveni drois erT-erTi mniSvne-lovani pirovnebaa. sxva rom araferi, Cveni Tanamedro-ve kalendari misi dabadebis dRidan iRebs dasabams. miuxedavad amisa, dRemde gansxvavebuli azri arsebobs imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu vin iyo Risa sinamdvileSi. erTis mxriv, saukuneebis manZilze xdeboda imis uar-yofa, rom is namdvilad istoriuli pirovneba iyo, xolo meores mxriv, qristianebi mas gankacebul RvTi-ur Zalad aRiareben. muslimebi mas pativs miageben, rogorc RmerTis erT-erT Suamavals da eTanxmebian qristianebs, rom is momavali mesiaa. ebraelebs is cru mesiad miaCndaT, radgan ebrauli swavlebis mixedviT momavali mesia iudevelTa tomis warmomadgeneli un-da iyos da misi biologiuri mama maTi tomis STamoma-vali unda iyos. qristianebic da muslimebic TavianTi rwmenidan gamomdinare mTavar faqtorad imas miiCnevd-nen, rom mariami qalwuli iyo, roca man Risa Sva. es ki metad mniSvnelovania. ibrahimiseuli sami sarwmunoe-ba: iudaizmi, qristianoba, islami da maTTan erTad hu-manizmi ganviTarebadi samyaros mTavar faseulobebs warmoadgenen da Tanamedrove msoflioSi wesrigs qmnian. am religiaTa urTierTkavSiri pirdapir gav-lenas axdens politikur movlenebze. am sxvadasxva


religiur jgufebs Risas yovlisSemZleobis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli azri qondaT. arsebul gansxvavebaSi ukeT garkvevis mizniT maT mimdevrebs erTmaneTTan sakmaod kargi urTierToba qondaT. muslimebs Tavisi Sexeduleba qondaT Risas Sesaxeb. mravaljeraa yu-ranSi igi am saxeliTaa moxseniebuli. maTi urTierT-TanamSromloba keTil saqmes emsaxureboda.

muslimebs iseve swamT Risasi da im WeSmaritebis, rac mas euwya, rogorc sxva RvTis Suamavlebis da maTi sibrZnis jeraT.

`Tqvi (hei, muhammed), rom: „viwameT Cven allahi da is, rac zemogvevlina Cven, da rac zemoevlina ibrahims, ismails, ishays, iaRyubs da Stoebs ; da rac eboZa musas, Risas da Suamavlebs maTi RmerTisgan. da ar ganvasx-vavebT romelsames maT Soris, da Cven morCilni (mus-limni) varT misi (allahisa). (sura ali imrani 3:84)

amgvarad, muslimebi aRiareben, rom Risa allahis namdvili Suamavalia, magram ra ician maT mis Sesaxeb? mTavari, rasac isini Risas Sesaxeb gviamboben aris is, rom Risa qalwulma Sva, rom is Suamavalia da mas Tavisi misia akisria, is zecaSi amaRlda (jvarcmis gareSe) da rom meored mesiis saxiT mogvevlineba.

Risa Sva qalwulma

iesos dabadeba TavisTavad saswaulia, magram marto es ar aris mis amqveynad movlinebaSi saswaulebrivi. ieso mxolod qalma Sva da mas biologiuri mama ar yavs. adami, kacobriobis winapari, arc qalis da arc mamakacis gaCenili ar aris, is mxolod RmerTis ne-biT da brZanebiT iSva. eva, adamis coli mxolod ma-makacisgan iSva, biologiuri dedis gareSe. danarCeni kacobrioba orive sqesisgan, mamakacisgan da qalisgan


gaCnda. amgvarad, adamianis Sobis oTxi gansxvavebuli tipi miviReT. ̀ ueWvelad, allahis winaSe Risas gaCenis forma adamis gaCenis formis msgavsia: man igi miwisgan Seqmna. Semdeg uTxra: iqmen! da iqmna isic. (sura imrani 3:59).

misi movlineba imitom iyo saswaulebrivi, rom Se-uZlebeli Tu ara, Zalian rTuli iyo adamianisTvis amis dajereba. mariami levitebis erTgul da sapativ-cemulo ojaxSi daibada. misi ojaxi ebraelTa toms ganekuTvneboda da isini Tavis religiur liderebs eTayvanebodnen. mariami RvTisnierma kacma, zaqariam aRzarda, romelic sayovelTao pativiscemiT sargeb-lobda. qorwinebis gareSe fexmZimoba warmoudgeneli rame iyo.

Tavad mariamsac Zalian gauWirda amis dajereba, roca gabriel angelozma, rogorc suli wmindam auwya, rom mas vaJi eyoleboda. ̀ da moixsenie wignSi mariami . roca ganerida igi Tavis ojaxs aRmosavleTisken, Semdeg daidgina maTgan gamyofi farda. maSin Cven warvgzavneT masTan Cveni suli , romelic mis winaSe srulyofili kacis ieriT warsdga. uTxra : „ueWvelad, me mivekedlebi mowyales Sengan, Tuki RvTismoSiSi xar Sen “. miugo: „me mxolod Suamavali var Seni RmerTis-gan, rom gaCuqo Svili spetaki “. uTxra: „rogor meyo-leba Ze, roca me kaci ar Semxebia da ar vyofilvar me msubuqi yofaqcevis qali?“ miugo : swored ase brZana Senma RmerTma: „es CemTvis iolia, rom davadginoT igi saswaulad xalxTaTvis da wyalobad Cvengan . es saqme gadawyvetilia!“ (sura mariami 19:16-21).

uTxra (mariamma): „ufalo Cemo, rogor meyoleba me Ze, roca kaci ar Semxebia me?“ miugo (allahma): swored rom ase, allahi gaaCens, inebebs rasac. roca ganizraxavs raimes gaCenas, mxolod etyvis mas: iqmen! da umal iqmneba isic. (sura ali imrani 3:47)


amgvarad dafexmZimda igi masze, Semdeg Sorisken gaemarTa nayofTan erTad. (sura mariami 19:22).

mSobiarobis win is isev nerviulobs, radgan is afiqrebs, Tu rogor unda gamoaCinos bavSvi, roca gaT-xovili ar aris:

`Semdeg mSobiarobis tkivilma xurmis xesTan miiy-vana. Tqva: „o, netav momkvdariyavi uwin amisa da sama-radJamod daviwyebuli vyofiliyavi!“ (sura mariami 19:23).

man gadawyvita, rom mtkiced damdgariyo da dala-parakeboda xalxs da maTTan dapirispireba Tavidan aecilebina.

`bavSviT xelSi Tavis xalxTan dabrunda. uTxres: „hei mariam, Zalian cudi saqme Caidine ! dao harunis, ar iyo mamaSeni cudi kaci, da arc dedaSeni iyo msubuqi yofaqcevis qali!“miuTiTa misken . uTxres: „rogor velaparakoT mas Cven, roca igi Cvilia, akvanSi mwoli-are?“ (sura mariami 19:27-29).

Risa Suamavalis saswaulebriv dabadebas, misi da-badebidanve sxva saswaulebic moyva. roca xalxi mas-ze Tavis azrs gamoxatavda dedamisma masze miuTiTa. miugo:

„ueWvelad, me allahis msaxuri var. me miboZa wig-ni da me damadgi-na Suamavlad.man Tqva, me allahis mona var. man me wminda wigni mom-ca da Suamavlad damniSna~. (sura ma-riami 19:30).


roca xalxi misgan aseTi saswaulebis mow-me xdeboda, bevri maTga-ni am saswaulebs Risas miawerda da ar egonaT, rom es RmerTis ZaliT xdeboda, vinc mianiWa mas saswaulebrivi Za-la. maT Risa miaCndaT RvTiur Zalad, maSin ro-ca TviTon ieso ambobda, rom is mxolod RmerTis WeSmariti morCili da misi Suamavali iyo.

Risa allahis Suamavali misi saswaulebrivi mov-linebisa da im mravali saswaulis gamo, rac man deda-miwaze yofnis dros Caidina, nikeas pirvel msoflio saeklesio krebaze, romelic me-4 saukuneSi gaimarTa, misi RvTiuri warmomavloba aRiares da mas nawilob-riv RmerTis statusi mianiWes, magram Tavad Risas swavlebis mixedviT cnobilia, rom mas es ar uTxovia da arc mxars ar uWerda am gadawyvetilebas. qristia-nebi cnobdnen samebas da jvarcmas aRiarebdnen, riTac misi cxovreba Zalian waagavs antikuri miTologiidan babiloneli baalis istorias, romelic mis dabade-bamde 1000 wliT adre cxovrobda. yuranSi qristes cxovrebis aseTi interpretacia uaryofilia da qris-tianebis mimarT masSi aseTi mowodebaa: `hei, RvTiuri wignis xalxo ! zRvars nu gadaxvalT Tqvens sarwmu-noebaSi da ar TqvaT allahze, garda WeSmaritebisa . rameTu mesihi Risa Ze mariamisa mxolod da mxolod allahis Suamavalia da sityvaa misi, romelic miawvdi-na mariams da erTi sulia misgan. maS, irwmuneT allahi


da misi Suamavalni da ar TqvaT : sameba ! Tavi anebeT Tqvenda sasikeTod, radgan allahi RmerTi erTia. ima-ze ufro didebulia igi, rom Svili hyavdes mas. misia racaa caTa Sina da qveyanasa zeda. da allahi kmara mfarvelad!,, (sura nisa 4:171)

marTalia, bibliaSi ixmareba termini Ze RvTisa, mag-ram es mxolod iesoze ar aris naTqvami. aravin ar aRniSnavs, rom maTes saxarebaSi 5:9 naTqvamia: `kurT-xeulni arian vinc mSvidobas daamyarebs, radgan maT RmerTis Svilebi daerqmevaT~. saxeli RvTis Svili yvela maTganze vrceldeba, visac ekuTvnis. axal aRT-qmaSi ieso Tavis Tavs adamianis Zes uwodebs. termini `Ze RvTisa~ arasworad aris wakiTxuli. aseve aras-worad aris aRqmuli is, Tu rogor gavida ieso amqvey-nidan. aseTi gageba iesos swavlebas ewinaaRmdegeba. maTes saxarebaSi 10:40 moyvanilia iesos ganmarteba da TviTon xsnis, Tu ra gansxvavebaa massa da RmerTs So-ris da aseve massa da mis mociqulebs Soris: ̀ is, vinc gaRiarebs Sen, mec maRiarebs da is, vinc me maRiarebs imasac aRiarebs, vinc me gamomgzavna~. ìs, vinc gamog-zavnilia~ arabuli sityvis literaturuli Targmania, rac Suamavals niSnavs. Risas arasodes uTqvams, rom is imaze metia, rasac es sityva niSnavs.

`da uTxra allahma: „hei, Risa, mariamis Svilo, gana Sen uTxari xalxs, dagvadgineT me da dedaCemi or RmerTad, allahis garda?“ miugo: „dideba Senda! ro-gor vityodi imas, rac ar vici. me rom es meTqva, Sen gecodineboda. Sen uwyi imas, rac CemSia, me ki ar vici is, rac SenSia. ueWvelad, Sen is xar, vinc uwyis dafa-ruli~. (sura maide 116).

mesihi, mariamis Ze, mxolod Suamavalia, ganvles ukve SuamavalTa masze uwin. xolo deda misi simarTlismT-qmeli qali iyo. orive maTgani saWmels miirTmevda .


Sexede, rogor vumartavT xalxs aiaTebs , da Sexede, rogor aqceven zurgs! (sura maide 75).

lamisaa cani gaipon amisgan, miwa daskdes da mTebi CamoiSalos imis gamo, rom miaweres mowyales Ze!

da ar SeSvenis mowyales, rom daidginos Svili! (sura mariami 90-92).

Risas saswaulebi

istoriis manZilze RmerTma xalxis winamZRolad bevri Suamavali warmogzavna sxvadasxva dros. ZiriTadad maT xalxs erTi da igive gzavnili moutanes, magram yvela maTgani unikaluri iyo. `Cven SuamavalTagan erTi nawili aRmatebul vhqmeniT sxva danarCenze. allahma maTgan zogs daelaparaka, zogni ki xarisxiT umaRleshyo. da Cven vuboZeT mariamis Svil Risas cxadi mowmobani da gavaZliereT (ganvamtkiceT) igi wminda suliT . allahs rom eneba, maT (SuamavalTa) mere mosulni, imis Semdgom, rac maT cxadi mowmobani moevlinaT, erTmaneTs ar moklavdnen. magram gaugebrobas miecnen. maSin maTgan zogierTma irwmuna da zogma uaryo. allahs rom eneba, isini ar moklavdnen erTmaneTs. magram allahi iqms, inebebs rasac.,, (sura bayara 2:253).

RmerTi mas, rogorc Tavis Suamavals yvelanairad mxars uWers, rac imiTac dasturdeba, rom iesom gasa-ocari saswaulebi moaxdina. àki, uTxra allahma: „o, mariamis Svilo Risa! gaixsene Cemi wyaloba Senze da dedaSenze, odes gagaZliere siwmindis suliT , raTa dalaparakebodi xalxs akvnidan da zrdasrulic; aha, Segaswavle Sen wigni da sibrZne, TevraTi da injili; odes Cemis nebiT miwisgan gamoZerwe Citis qandakeba, STabere masSi da igi Cemsa nebiTve frinvelad gada-


iqca; da roca kurnavdi brmebsa da keTrovnebs da roca sicocxles ubru-nebdi mkvdrebs Cemi nebiT. gaixsene, rogor mivaqcie Sengan israilis Svilni, roca mixvedi maTTan cxa-di mtkicebebiT da romel-nic urwmuno iyvnen, maTgan Tqves: „sxva araferia es, Tu ara aSkara grZneule-ba“! (sura maide 5:110).

zogma yvelaferi ja-doqrobad miiCnia, zogma ki amaSi iesos RvTiuri Zala dainaxa. yvela saswa-uli man mxolod RmerTis nebiT moaxdina.

zogierTi evangelistis azriT, is faqti, rom Risas da mis saswaulebs yuranSi ase didi adgili eTmoba da farTed aris gaSuqebuli, imaze mianiSnebs, rom mas sxva SuamavlebTan SedarebiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba, yuranis gamiznulad araswori interpretaciaa. yuranSi xazgasmiTaa naTqvami, rom Risa israilis xalxis Suamavali iyo.

ra misiiT warmoigzavna Risa

iesos misiaze mxolod yuranSi ar aris saubari. maTes saxarebis mixedviT 15:24 ieso ìsrailis cxva-riviT dabneuli Svilebis~ winamZRolad warmogzavnes da mas ar qonia imis pretenzia, rom is, rogorc Sua-mavali universaluria. is mniSvnelovani Suamavalia da amasTanave im jaWvis SemaerTebel rgols warmo-


adgens, romlis bolo rgolic bolo Suama-vali – muhammedia da yuranSi naTqvamia: `da aki, uTxra Risam, mari-amis Svilma: „hei, isra-ilis Zeno! ueWvelad, Suamavali var allahi-sa TqvenTan movlenili, dammowmebeli imisa, rac iyo Cemamde TevraTSi da maxaroblad Sua-mavlisa, romelic mova Cems Semdgom. misi saxe-lia ahmedi. xolo roca igi mivida maTTan cxa-di mtkicebebiT, Tqves: „es cxadi jadoqrobaa!“ (sura saffi 61:6).

es `dafasebuli~ Suamavali arabul TargmanSi mo-ixsenieba, rogorc ̀ ahmedi~, xolo berZnulad, rogorc `periklitosi~. ioanes saxarebaSi 14:16-17 igi Targmni-lia, rogorc ̀ mrCeveli~, an ̀ mxardamWeri~, rac berZnu-li `periklitosis~ eqvivalentia. ioanes saxarebaSi 16:1-15 ieso Tavis mociqulebs uxsnis, rom is maT da-tovebs, magram maTTan mova ̀ mrCeveli~ - rigiT Semdegi Suamavali. amgvarad, ieso mesiaa, magram kacobriobis bolo Suamavali ar aris. es iqneba muhammedi. is mxo-lod israilis xalxis Suamavali iyo, raTa znedacemu-li ebraeli farisevlebi swor gzaze daeyenebina. ̀ da daadgens Suamavlad israilis ZeTa winaSe: „me movedi TqvenTan saswauliT Tqveni uflisgan. me gamovZerwav talaxisgan Cits, Cavberav mas suls, da allahis nebiT,


Citi gasuldgmuldeba; me ganvkurnav brmad dabade-buls, keTrovans, gavacocxleb mkvdars, nebiTa alla-hisa. me getyviT rasa WamT Tqven da rasac inaxavT saxlebSi. ueWvelad, amaSia saswauli TqvenTvis, Tuki xarT morwmuneni. da (movedi) dasturad imisa, romelic Cems uwin iyo TevraTSi (ToraSi), da rom nebadarTul vqmna TqvenTvis zogi ram, rac akrZaluli gqondaT (aqamde). da movsulvar TqvenTan saswauliT Tqveni uflisgan. maS, iyaviT allahis winaSe RvTismosavi da gamomyeviT me! ueWvelad, allahi Cemi RmerTicaa da Tqveni RmerTic. maS, Tayvani eciT mas. swored, rom esaa gza WeSmariti!“ (sura ali imrani 3:49-51).

an, rogorc bibliis mixedviT maTes saxarebaSia naTqvami 5:17-19: àr ifiqroT, rom me imisaTvis movedi, rom an kanoni uarvyo, an Suamavlebi. me maT uarsayo-fad ar movsulvar. me movedi, raTa srulvyo yovelive es~. man mxolod ramdenadme Seamsubuqa kanoni rabinTa Sesaxeb, sxvamxriv man mTlianad mxari dauWira da da-icva Toras moZRvreba. faqtiurad man datuqsa isini, vinc Toras swavlebas ar iziarebdnen.

ùrwmunoni, romelnic arian israilis SvilTa So-ris, dawyevlili arian davudis da Risas, mariamis Svi-lis piriT. es imisaTvis, rom urCni iyvnen da zRvars gadadiodnen,~. (sura maide 5:78).

radganac ebraelebma uaryves Risa, amitom RvTis mondomebiT Risas moZRvreba gacilebiT srulyofili da warmatebuli aRmoCnda, vidre ebraelTa swavleba da RvTis mociqulebic zedmiwevniT ganswavlulebi iyvnen.

`hei Tqven, romelTac irwmuneT! iyaviT allahis sarwmunoebis Semweni, rogorc uTxra Risam, Svilma mariamisma mowafeebs : „vin aris Cemi Semwe allahis gzaze?“ miuges mowafeebma: „Cven varT Semweni allahis


sarwmunoebisa. ma-Sin irwmuna nawil-ma israilis Svil-Tagan da uaryo na-wilma. amrigad Cven gavaZliereT isini, romelTac irwmunes TavianTi mtrebis winaSe. maSin sZlies maT.~. (sura saffi 61:14).

mas Semdeg, ro-ca is aRar iqnebo-da amqveynad Tavisi moZRvrebis gasavr-celeblad iesom mociqulebi Sear-Cia. is mouwodebda, rom aTi mcnebis mixedviT mxolod erTi RmerTisTvis

ecaT Tayvani: `me var batoni, Tqveni RmerTi... Tqven Cemamde sxva RmerTi ar geyolebaT~. aseve oseaSic 13:4 naTqvamia: `me var Tqveni batoni, Tqveni RmerTi egviptidan. Tqveni RmerTi mxolod me var, radgan Cems garda aravin aris amis Rirsi~. misi swavlebis Sesaxeb yuranSi naTqvamia:

`vficav, urwmunoni arian, romelTac Tqves: ueWve-lad, allahia mesihi, Svili mariamisa; da Tqva mesihma: israilis Svilno, Tayvani eciT allahs, Cems RmerTsa da Tqvens RmerTs. ueWvelad, vinc allahs Tanaziars gauxdis, imas aukrZala allahma samoTxe da misi Tav-Sesafari cecxlia. da ar eyolebaT usamarTlonT Semweni.~. (sura maide 5:72).


mxolod mas Semdeg, roca Risam es samyaro datova, islamur da qristianul samyaroSi azrTa sxvadasx-vaoba warmoiSva.

`rameTu maT is ar mouklavT~: Risa jvarcmis gareSe amaRlda zecaSi

Risas amqveynad movlineba saswaulebrivi iyo da Sesabamisad aseve saswaulebrivad datova man es sam-yaro. bunebrivi sikvdiliT gardacvalebis magivrad, is zecaSi amaRlda da ase gadaurCa mtrebs.

`maSin allahma uTxra: „he, Risa! me mogakvdineb Sen (da sxva veravin) da CemTan agamaRleb, gixsni urwmu-noTagan da gagaTavisufleb maTgan, xolo romelnic Sen mogyvebodnen, aRmatebuls vyof warRvnamde urwmu-noTa winaSe. mere Cemda moiqceT Tqven, da me ganvsajo Tqvens Soris, razec dava gqondaT~. (sura ali imrani 3:55). da àramed allahma aRamaRla igi TavisTan, rameTu allahi Zlevamosilia, brZenia!~. (sura nisa 4:158).

Qqristianuli doqtrina iesos jvarcmis Semdgom aRdgomas aRiarebs. isini gvaswavlian, rom is mkvdre-TiT aRsgda da Semdeg amaRlda RmerTTan, rasac misi saswaulebrivi unariT da RvTiuri ZaliT xsnian. ie-sos jvarcmasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxi did davas iwvevs qristianebsa da muslimebs Soris. jvarcmis gamo mtroba Camovarda qristianebsa da ebraelebs Soris, radgan ieso ebraeli uxucesebis mier iqna mokluli.

qristianuli doqtrinis mTavari arsi imaSi mdgo-mareobs, rom RmerTma sakuTari Zis jvarcmiT adami-anTa mier Cadenili codvebi gamoisyida. Zveli aRT-qmis mixedviT jvarcma Seurachmyofel sikvdilad iTvleboda, rasac RvTisgan SeCvenebuli adamianebi imsaxurebdnen. Tavis mimarTvaSi galileelebisadmi


pavle ganumartavs maT, rom RvTis kanonis mixedviT SeCvenebulebi varT, radgan misi srulad dacva ve-ravin ver SeZlo, magram iesom Tavis Tavze aiRo es SeCveneba, riTac man kacobrioba kanonis daucvelobis gamo sayovelTao SeCvenebisagan ixsna. qristianebma kanonis dacvis aucilebloba qristesadmi siyvarulis moTxovniT Caanacvles, vinc kacobriobis gadarCenis mizniT Tavi gawira. es TavisTavad winaaRmdegoba-Si modis Tavad Risas qadagebasTan, sadac Tavidanve aRniSnavda imas, rom is kanonis gasauqmeblad ki ara, aramed mis aRsasruleblad mogvevlina.

am doqtrinaSi sxva saxis winaaRmdegobebs vawyde-biT. is, rom RmerTma Tavisi ucodveli Ze dasaja imis gamo, rom kacobrioba gaeTavisuflebina memkvidreo-biT gadmocemuli codvebisagan, TavisTavad im kanonis darRvevaa, rac Zveli rjulis kanonSia mocemuli 24:16 `mamebi TavianTi Svilebis gamo sikvdiliT ar unda daisajon. aseve, arc Svilebi ar unda daisajon mame-bis gamo. yvela adamiani Tavisi sakuTari codvis gamo unda daisajos sikvdiliT~. igive azria gamoTqmuli yuranSi.

`da ar zidavs mzidavi sxvis tvirTs~. (sura enRami 6:164).

qristiani Teologebi cdiloben dagvarwmunon ima-Si, rom RmerTi Tavad cdilobs yvelas miutevos da mTeli kacobriobis codvebi gamoisyidos. aseT SemT-xvevaSi gamodis, rom RmerTi Tavad arRvevs Tavis kanonebs da ucodvel adamians sjis imisaTvis, rom damnaSaveebi gadaarCinos. is, visac WeSmaritad uyvars RmerTi, maTTvis aseTi usamarTlobis Cadena ar aris saWiro imisaTvis, rom danaSauli mietevos. muslimTa azriT, jvarcmas arasodes qonia adgili. `...da maTi sityvebidan gamomdinare, „ueWvelad, Cven movkaliT me-sihi Risa Ze mariamisa, Suamavali allahisa;“ da ar mo-


uklavT igi da ar gaukravT, magram moeCvenaT maT (is-lamis Tanaxmad Risa Suamavali ar uwamebiaT, mis nacvlad awames iuda, romelsac misi saxe hqonda miRebuli), da ueW-velad, romelnic ver Tanxmdebian masSi, amis gamo eWvSi arian, araviTari codna ar aqvT amis Taobaze, mxolod varauds miyvebian, da ar mouklavT namdvilad igi,~. (sura nisa 4:157).

zogi komentatori im frazas ̀ magram moeCvenaT maT~ imiT xsnian, rom SeiZleba jvarze iuda gaakres, ro-melmac mas uRalata da SecdomiT qristes jvarcma egonaT.

islamis swavlebis mixedviT, Risa ar momkvdara da Semdeg ar aRmdgara. is RmerTma gadaarCina damamcire-beli jvarcmisagan da TavisTan aamaRla. is RmerTTan iqneba manam, sanam ar dadgeba dro, rom Tavisi misia bolomde aRasrulos da sanam mesiis, an qristes saxiT ar dabrundeba qveynierebis aRsasrulis Jams.

mesiis dabruneba

qristianebsac da muslimebsac wamT qristes meored mosvlis. ebraelebi am azrs uaryofen, radgan miiCneven, rom is ver akmayofilebs im kriteriumebs, rac mesias akisria. ieso yuranSic mesiad aris aRiarebuli, mag-ram mis mosvlasTan dakavSirebiT arc iq aris raime


garkveviT naTqvami. masSi mxolod erTi aseTi gancxadebaa: àxali aRqmis mi-xedviT, bevri adami-ani iwamebs da aRia-rebs mas da aRdgo-mis dRes is iqneba mowme maTi gankiTx-vis~.

yuranSi naTqva-mia, rom ebraele-bi da qristianebi wminda werilis mimdevrebi arian, Tumca maTi rwmena

Risas Sesaxeb aSkarad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. analitikosebs miaCniaT, rom is faqti, rom xalxma mi-si RvTaebrivi Zala `mis sikvdilamde~ erTsulovnad iwama mianiSnebs imaze, rom is meored mova da mere ukve aRaravin ar Seitans masSi eWvs.

islamuri moZRvrebis mixedviT Risa dabrundeba, rogorc mesia, rasac muslimebi ZiriTadad Suamaval muhammedis (mSvidoba mas) Tqmulebebze, anu hadisebze dayrdnobiT asabuTeben. mis meored mosvlas ukavSireben im movlenebs, rasac bolo Jams eqneba adgili. gadmocemidan vgebulobT, rom Risa Tavad Caereva muslimTa lideris – mehdis, vinc muslimebs adre gancdili damarcxebis Semdeg gaaerTianebs da dejjals – antiqristes Soris arsebul dapirispirebaSi. Risa damaskosSi myof ori angelozis mxrebze daeSveba da mehdis SeuerTdeba locvis dros, riTic mas mxardaWeras ucxadebs da Suamaval


muhammedis moZRvrebisadmi Tavis erTgulebas gamoxatavs. is anti-qristes (dejjals) daedevneba da moklavs mas, riTac sabolood bolos mouRebs yovelgvar omebs.

40 weliwads imefebs da mSvidobian da bednier xa-nas daamyarebs. is daamsxvrevs jvars da sabolood ga-fantavs mis garSemo gavrcelebul sicrues da aRad-gens im moZRvrebas, rasac dasabamidanve qadagebda. is gaagrZelebs qadagebas, daqorwindeba da eyoleba Svi-lebi da bunebrivi sikvdiliT mokvdeba da muhammedis, bolo Suamavlis gverdiT daikrZaleba.

am gagebiT Risac muhammedis msgavsia. isini moelian, rom is Tavad Secvlis im araswor moZRvrebas, rac mis Sesaxeb aris gavrcelebuli. muslimebi elian, rom is SeebrZoleba da daamarcxebs antiqristes. maT isic ician, rom am religiebs Soris arsebuli gansxvavebebi da dapirispireba manam gagrZeldeba, sanam igi mesiad ar dagvibrundeba.

sarwmunoebaTa urTierTkavSiri

da tolerantoba

muslimTa gageba Risas pirovnebis Sesaxeb bevr as-peqtSi gansxvavdeba qristianebis, ebraelebis da eli-taruli skolis mimdevrebis gagebisagan. amasTanave maT Soris bevri saerToc aris. aseTma gansxvavebulma poziciebma SesaZloa maT Soris urTierTdapirispi-reba da konfliqti gamoiwvios. muslimuri religia muslimebs sxva religiebis mimarT pativiscemisa da Semwynareblobisken mouwodebs. islami kategoriulad iTxovs, rom uaryofili iqnes samebis cneba, radgan es ar Seesabameba simarTles da aseve jvarcmis faqtic, radgan mas adgili ar qonia. islami aseve mouwodebs Tavis mimdevrebs, rom maT gansxvavebul azrTa gansja


da saboloo gadawy-vetilebis miReba Tavad RmerTs unda miandon.

`da Cven vuboZeT mariamis Svil Risas cxadi mowmobani da gavaZliereT (gan-vamtkiceT) igi wmin-da suliT . allahs rom eneba, maT (Suama-valTa) mere mosul-ni, imis Semdgom, rac maT cxadi mowmoba-ni moevlinaT, erTma-neTs ar moklavdnen. magram gaugebrobas miecnen. maSin maTgan

zogierTma irwmuna da zogma uaryo. allahs rom eneba, isini ar moklavdnen erTmaneTs. magram allahi iqms, inebebs rasac.. (sura bayara 2:253).

da: ùTxra : „ueWvelad, me mivekedlebi mowyales Sengan, Tuki RvTismoSiSi xar Sen “. miugo: „me mxolod Suamavali var Seni RmerTisgan, rom gaCuqo Svili spetaki “.

uTxra: „rogor meyoleba Ze, roca me kaci ar Sem-xebia da ar vyofilvar me msubuqi yofaqcevis qali?“ (sura mariami 19:18-20).

an: `da amboben iudevelni: araferze dganan qris-tianni! qristianebi ki amboben: araferze dganan iu-develni! arada wigns kiTxuloben. igives imeoreben isini, romelnic (Wesmaritebas) ar uwyian. allahi gan (sura bayara 2:113).


amitomac aris, rom muslimebs eTanxmebian imaSi, rom maT eklesiebis, sinagogebis da maTi mrevlis saboloo gankiTxva Tavad allahs miandes da im qveynebSi, sadac islami gabatonebuli religiaa, aTas welze metia sxva religiebi devnas ar ganicdian. muslimur qveynebSi ebraelebs yovelTvis oqros xana edgaT da arasodes idevnebodnen, rogorc es qristianul evropaSi xdebo-da. aseTi mrwamsis gamo muslimebi, roca isini ierusa-limSi mmarTvel Zalas warmoadgendnen, qristianebisa da ebraelebis mimarT Semwynareblobas iCendnen da maT sarwmunoebriv uflebebs ar zRudavdnen. samwu-xarod igives ver vityviT verc qristianebis Sesaxeb, romlebic daundoblad sdevnidnen rogorc ebraelebs, aseve muslimebs jvarosnuli laSqrobis dros, ramac maT istoriul warsuls Zalian didi daRi daasva da verc ebraelebze, romlebic dRemde uaryofen, rom muslimebsac da qristianebsac Tanabrad aqvT wminda miwaze arsebobis ufleba.

amgvarad, islamis mixedviT Risac mniSvnelovani Suamavali iyo, magram is arc bolo Suamavali yofila da arc RvTiuri arseba ar iyo. man Tavad uaryo es, roca samsjavroze warsdga: `da uTxra allahma: „hei, Risa, mariamis Svilo, gana Sen uTxari xalxs, dagvadgineT me da dedaCemi or RmerTad, allahis garda?“ miugo: „dideba Senda! rogor vityodi imas, rac ar vici. me rom es meTqva, Sen gecodineboda. Sen uwyi imas, rac CemSia, me ki ar vici is, rac SenSia. ueWvelad, Sen is xar, vinc uwyis dafaruli. araferi miTqvams maTTvis, garda allahis Tayvaniscemisa, Cemi RmerTisa da Tqveni RmerTisa. da me viyavi mowme maTda, sanam maTTan viyavi. xolo roca mimibare, Sen iyav maTi meTvalyure. da Sen xar yovlismowme. da Tu maT dasji, eWvi ar arsebobs, rom isini Seni msaxurni arian.


da Tu miuteveb maT, eWvi ar arsebobs, rom Sena xar Zlevamosili, brZeni“!~ (maide 5:116-118).

is RmerTis mraval diad SuamavalTa Soris erT-erTi iyo, vinc man Tavis sabrZanebelSi gamoagzavna, raTa misi winamZRolobiT kacobriobas RmerTisTvis Tayvani eca da muhammedisaTvis, rogorc bolo, damag-virgvinebeli SuamavlisaTvis, gza gaekvlia, romlis movlinebac kacobriobisTvis didi madli iyo.

àseTi iyo mariamis Ze, ieso: (aseTia) namdvili si-marTle, ris garSemoc isini (gamalebiT) kamaToben.

„swored am WeSmariti sityvis mixedviT, Risa maria-mis Svilia, romelSic eWvi eparebaT maT. SeuZlebelia, rom allahma daidginos Svili. dideba mas! roca igi gadawyvets raime saqmes, sakmarisia mxolod uTxras mas: „iqmen!“ da isic iqmneba. da ueWvelad, allahi Cemi RmerTicaa da Tqvenic! maS, Tayvani eciT mas, es WeSma-riti gzaa! (sura mariami 19:34-36).

Documents

musa, Risa, muhammedi