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Page 1: SWOTrefahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-555-fa.pdf · Mx` H & (" !-C Z3C v"%! F $ =N Z, - (, % % % ? (" >!C " X K` F -' KM 2 % 9 " N = % K C & f"A K J ! % =; Myers KM, et al., 2007; Sadock

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2@ � g�3V� �� ��'. (Anderson LM, et al., 2003; Irwin LG, et al. ,2007) (����G � � *� #*�5�(� B�7,% �� �% 2�C��C ������� � W��& �� ��� �%��0 **7+�

8��C !�C� 2@ �� � ��F�-' !�� ) �!�$, ��!��Mxe UVargas-Baron E, 2005; United

Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child, 2009; Declaration of the Rights

of the Child, 2009; Convention of the Rights of the Child, 2009; WHO

Commission on Social Determinants of Health, 2008.( 8������%�� %� 2�\\5�� �dC� 2�3�� :��f � !'% B�7�� 2�%�� %� �C��C W�� �!�%�� �1� )Irwin LG et al., 2007; WHO Commission on Social Determinants of

Health, 2008; Regaldo M et al., 2001 .(2@ �� ������� �� (�F���D �%��0 �� (�-67� )�,��F 2�C��C *��f ) � ]��+x[+�, (:C � L��� �%�a �� �[�) �3& ��C�&

�2��� � %���9 ��%���% �-�� �N�;���-$� � ;�7��� ���X�� ( �%�F�� ��� �� !�C� :��f � !'% #*�5� ��$�� �� ���9�!�� !--C.) Irwin LG et al., 2007; WHO

Commission on Social Determinants of Health, 2008; Bukatko D et al., 2001;

�2�%�f7� � {-'�% ������Mxe.( *; �Y%���� !���' -=� ������� 2����l�� �� *F�!� ���P bH, }�� %� %� >�[-?�

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B,� ��C�� ��� )Engle P, et al., 2007(. :*; �� 4" � ("� ?�� =,�V� >!; P S�%� � �!���%� L��-� ������ �!� 8� �� � �%�� L��-� ���� o�a �%�_9 B,��

)WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, 2008 .( F�� %� �&B+�"� -"A� 2�A�� ��-� A�� �4"��@ ���P �� :=G (�-, ���� ��7; e �� ��7� %��3� �)�,

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�� !$� (�-,eB,� [+�, )Vargas-Baron E, 2005( UL"�, �� B,� +�& %� ("� ("� �� <���� A�� !'% B;�,�B,� 9!�� )�� )�, )Walker SP, et al., 2007(. ("� ��

)�, �� ��� 9!�,% � ��� >!; Z� � �+�� ���P �9!�� � !'% $�=N :��4 �%��3�2@ Z� � ("� �� � ��F�!�� ��F� �� �% 2�C��C �� ���� �� 9���@ �,%!� /��'

B'�� !-���5� ��� .� 2����� ("� *�\V �"�D %��4 � ^"�A�� Z��� >��!� %�N�-"A� ��[7IR � 8!' �$��� '���@ �����F ("� �;��� ���� 8%��7� �� ��'P j�%� ���� ���P(�"�D (�-, �� ���!F � S���@ !'�� ��'�!� ���� �,%!� (, �� �

)Vargas-Baron E, 2005(. %�x �=����, �yyy ��x~�% !V�� :*� 2����, O%�A� P����� %�IC � ��F�-' B�7,% ��

!-�3��� !?$�� 2@ ����� �� �% ��F . O!--C�q�� ���%�IC �C B,� 8!' !�C� ������ ("� %��� 2�?� >��� P7� �� B=3� 2@ Z�,@ ��\F ("� �"_D2@ �� 8!-"@ �C � 2�C��C 8�"� �� �

2@ 2@ �� !�%�� ����� �B,��)WHO EMRO, 2004 .( /�0��»B=G��� � %��� �����Cs «B"�+�� �� f" W�� P����� *a� ��� ��3� :�+� (�7� �� � B,� �C_+� ��!F ���

,�,� �� 2@ �� <���� ��3� ("� ("�! � ��? ������� ("� P-��� %� t�=G�$�� �C B,� "��8!' !�� .��H-� ���� )�, %� A�� ��?� B'�!?� 2����, G�' P����"!� ���yy` �,�D %�

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�%��0»B�$0� :�*V «�7� ������ �� :=G �=��� �A"% ���8!' ���� � &��N � !��[-��7� ������ � �� �A"% 2����, (�� s��I� ��� �+����Y � �+�� ����^5� ���

7*;� 8��� ��!V� � A�R�� %��3� �%�� ("� %� k= �� � #*�5� "���� � ��[I��� B,� . ��=+�7� �C ��!$�� ����!G� �� 2�� ����9 �%�a %�I� %� 2�-�� �� � %�N

�f �� ����3���Y �" � ����3�:����"� 2����� $�=N �8��� %�_9��l� ��� :��Y . 2��-; ��"_� ��� :��G ��l� �� B"�4& ��F� ��$+�H� )�d�P :��4 �� %��� ��' �� �i�N

B����� � '�� Z"�0 ��F�-' !�%�� 2����� *�\V ���) Angelsen NK et al.,

2001; Kramer MS et al., 2008; Horwood LJ et al., 1998 .( >�X�� (�-67���[+���Y ������[I�D ���8��% �%��� B"�7& � �3"A?� 2����, k,� ����� �*7� ��

������ "��-' � "�-�� ��[+���Y ���^"���@ � {���� ���� �2@ �� ��Y �" �� !-��� E5I���C� ���9��" %� )�4'� Z��� 2��%� >!; �%�a %� �� iQ�F� 2 �!��'

�;��B����� ^"�A�� � ���� :��4 ��=?� !���9 �� *�\V ��� )Anderson LM, et

al., 2003(."_� 2��� 8��7� �� 8!' 8!��I� �["� ��, �� P ��4"�V �� Z,�-� �7� :��4 �� �;�q� ��l� ��F�-' =���P) �F�-' � ���� ��N�; �;�7��� �4"A�� (

�%�� 2�����. )WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, 2008 ( � 2����� Z,�-� �"_� �%��� ��' �� �"_� -$" �8��& �, ("� %� ����5='�F

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,%�� �� ��� �� 2����, �� p�, �%�a ��� �� ����9 <�= %� 2�!� � ���9�!� %�N2����, �� �H-� % ���!G� �["� ���� >�X�� 2�C��C L0� ��=?� B?� %� � !��. %� ("�

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2008( .��\\5�� ^��� 9!-C��D � ;�7��� ��9@ ��=7C �["� ��, � � �%��'� �� (B,� 8��A�� /�0�� 9!�6�D.

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�N�;e ( ;�7���u ( ��-$� �" GQF�)Myers KM, et al., 2007; Sadock BJ et al.,

2007; Stewart KB, et al., 2002; Wint Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007.( )�, B,���C)�, �+�� ���P �9!�� �� 2��-;�?� � LH�� (" �dC�!& �� ����,� ����

B,� 8!' ��F�-' ��� �� %� �=��� �7� :��f � !'%)Vargas-Baron E, 2005; Irwin

LG, et al., 2007 .( ��4*7; � ���9��" ���� �� A�� =\; �����3� ��I�� LG�� %� ��� )��$��%�� ("� %� �B,� ���� �%��O �, � -�-� 2��� �� -$" �9!�� h�3& %��3�

� :��� � ��F�, �[+�, !��' )Vargas-Baron E, 2005; Regaldo M, et al., 2001;

Feigelman S, 2007 ()�, %� �+�, � $�=N :��4 �_+ � ��-��"� �9!�� ��+�� ���2�3�� 8!-+�� 9!��8!-"@ %� 4I �% � :� !�� ) WHO Commission on Social

Determinants of Health,2008 .(� �% ���� 9!�� )�� )�, �, �["� �%�=; �� 2�� 2��-; ���?� � 2��� (" �� :��4 2!��,% g�*H� !& �� ���� �a�� �_+ � A�� !'% %�

��� �* #*�5� ��$�� (Regaldo M, et al., 2001; Vargas-Baron E, 2005). � !'% �C B3�� 2�C��C �3� k�� ("� �%A� � !-C � � A�� 2��@ (�� �f*� ���'

�� "�%�"�% � }��'� � ����� s%� %� � 8!' :��f�� � )�V�� ^+�R ��F k�V� ����%�?� 8!�6�D � 8�%�@ B,� �� ���I�� ��� � � ���9 )Vargas-Baron E, 2005 U

Regaldo M, et al., 2001(.%� � W�� � �*�5� ��$�� %� ���� :��4 LG�� �*7� �� �!���;�7��� � ��N�; �" ��X�� ��F�-' �2��� � %���9 �3& ����& :��4 .��F�t� !$�

<�= %� �� B"�4& !���' � B,� 8!' #"�$ ���� :��4 ���� A�� GQF� �" ��-$�� � ���� ���% B�Q, ��\F �� �B�Q, �� 2@ r"�A�2������%�� ) Bukatko D, et

al., 2001; WongY, et al., 2006; Rew L, et al., 2006; Good M, et al., 2006(. 8��� 2�I� ��$+�H� ���% � 4"A�� �����X �� !��� %� !+� �� !$� � :=G ;�7���

�'�, :���; %�-�)l%� ( �A�� +�*, (�� ��N�= %� ��X"� )��3�)pD�-�, ��(� �C

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:��f ���i �!�� !-�3� )Irwin LG, et al., 2007; Feigelman S, 2007; Nelson CA, et

all, 2001; Walker SP, et al., 2007; Richter SB, et al., 2008 ( !$� A�� )�V � !'% �t� !7; ��� 8��% � B�Q, � �,%!� %� B����� �*�\V 9���@ �!+� �� ��l� BV

s�V� �V� ���� �%�a H ���9 )Anderson LM, et al., 2003( . B+i� ����� !���'� ����� 2�%�� �����X �� !�%�� 2@ ��� �H�& %� ��\F �N�; � �F�-' ��� �

� �;�7���� B����� � 8��% �B�Q, L0� �� �!���%� � ��7; %�N !-"@ ���O s��C !�%�_9��l� ) Walker SP, et al., 2007; Hertzman C, et al., 1996( .�� )�d� 2��-;

��X � "��:4' Z��� �2�����N� �� ���� ��N�= %� � k���% B���� 2�R %� A�� ���9� !'% )�& h�,� �8!"��9 ���� :��4 :C�� 9!�� !��% 8!-"@ %� ��� !-���F :4' �%

)WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health,2008.( ��$+�H� �& ��lw BV A�� :��4 � !'% �� B,� 8��� 2�I� �� ������& ��% ��

�%�� %��G k�V� B����. >�7, ���� �!" � (�@ ��=7� ��"_� }�, 2�R *���;� h��,� ��V� ��=7� �H�V� ��� :��$ ��=7� � H�V� ��� � ;�7��� ��� �� !-���

_9 }�, ��lw 2@ ��4*7; �� �� � A�� 2�7�F�, ��7j�� %�l@ � ��'���5� � S�� �� #N��; !-'�� ��'��)Walker SP, et al., 2007.(

)�, �����X (�-67� �8�����F k�V� �� <�= %� %� ���� )�� ��� � 2��3���� �,%!�(��$ !--�O�%�?� :��4 � !'% [��[R �N�; ���� )��-� !-��� ��� ;�7���

�� B=G��� � ��X"� �����X���,�� ��� !���F �Q4I� �� 2!�@ %�-� � B=d� ���)Mishara BL, et al., 2006(.

)�, -$" �A�� L"�, :��f � !'% 2�%�� (�7� %� 8�Q; �� A�� �!+� �� !$� )�� ���O���@B,� H�V� �-� :���; �� ��"_D��l� . -$"�� 8�Q;("� )�, ("� %� �� �a�� ��

� :��4 � !'% �����%�� ���� 2@ 2!��,% g�*H� !& ��) Anderson LM, et al.,

2003; WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, 2008; Regaldo M, et

al., 2001( �)�7�&�Z�,@ ��"_D��Z�,@ � ���!a B,i�� %��3� A�� H�V� ���

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)Anderson LM, et al., 2003; Grantham-McGregor S, et al., 2007( . %� ("� B+�&Z�,@ 2����� ���� �Q4I� +�39%A� %� 8!"� � :��-� ��F 2�!���� �� �% ��F ;�7���

F�R Z� � ("!� � 8���P� >��! �Q4I� *3� (�� )����� !��")WHO Commission

on Social Determinants of Health, 2008; Walker SP, et al., 2007 (t��"�?� �$,� P � )Q�F� %�R� �% �$��� ;�7��� !-�)Walker SP, et al., 2007(.t�-70 k�� (�7� %�

)�, � �� B,�� 8�?� �"���l �" ��+�� /�� �����[I�D ����!G� >�X�� "QN Ba�� �� 2�� ��F� ��=?� �[+�, �, �� pD � ��� ��� !���F :4I� %��3� *��4 ��� )Vargas-

Baron E, 2005(. +�*; Z�,@ �Y% A�� ��"_D)�, %� ��\5� � �9!�� P�+�� ��� :���; �� B=3�

t�=+�Y �)Q�F� � Z�,@ ���� �%�a %� ����9 ^�D �HF )Q�F� 2��=� � ��=?� 2�4�� �� *�,�P LG�� �� � Z,�-� �QF�!� ))�, 2�7� %� ���� ��+�� ��� (�%�� ���� )Walker SP, et al., 2007 (���� ("� 2�f���� :a� �� =\; ��"_D)���3��,QD�%�� (

A�� B,� <����)Glascoe FP, 2007; Ryugo DK, et al., 2000; Boniface S, et al.,

2003; Purves D, et al., 2001; Palmer FB, et al., 2008 (�� �� !$�P ~y!"!D O _9 ��"�1� oQF�� � !�,% ��=l� �� ���� %� A�� ���3��,QD�%�� �� !' >�*$� ��'

)�*, �"�N �� ��\F �� ���F :��4 �� )�, !-R � A�� !+� �� !$� �A�� ���� ����� �A����D�-�, !-��)Nelson CA, et al., 2001; Walker SP et al., 2007; Glascoe

FP, 2007( )�-[�, �:��4 � !'% ("� *a� ��V� � �l� �� �� !-�3� =\; ��� H�V� ��4"�V � ���� �� !-"@ (Glascoe FP, 2007; Nelson CA et al., 2001).

����� �!���%� L��-� � ���l� �� ����I�D ���%�IC %� ��$+�H� �h�,� (�7� �������� *F�!� ���P �%�� !�C� 2�C��C %� >�[-���� )Anderson LM, et al., 2003;

Vargas-Baron E, 2005; WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health,

2008; Regaldo M, et al., 2001; Engle P, et al., 2007; Glascoe FP, 2000; Glascoe

FP, 2007(.�%�=; ���l� ("� �� F�� ��� !� : BF�-' � S�� �� �� i�� bH, �� ����,�

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)Anderson LM, et al., 2003( �B����� -��� %� ��I�� ���P"% � 2��� ���9��" ����0�B����� ��I�� *�\V ���) ���%� _F� � *�\V �"�D %��f �� ���� ^��C �%�a ��

� i�� *�\V () Anderson LM, et al., 2003; Engle P, et al., 2007; Glascoe FP,

2007(�%�?� ��=?� � ;�7��� ���!-���B��G% � ;�7��� :��$ ��"_D)Anderson LM,

et al., 2003(� ��%�4�� 2�A�� ^�� )Glascoe FP, 2007( � :Y�I� B���C (��%� i�� � ;�7��� � �'�!?� �HF�D ���%���% ^��� �B�Q, L0� ��=?� �!�@%� bH,

)Anderson LM, et al., 2003; Engle P, et al., 2007( B�+�*$� � ��� � ��� ^��� �)Anderson LM, et al., 2003; WHO Commission on Social Determinants of

Health, 2008(��"�7& � ���% �����?� �� ��7C [�3��� )Engle P, et al., 2007(� �j��� g�f %� 2�A�� ^��C)Vargas-Baron E, 2005; Engle P, et al., 2007; Glascoe

FP,2007( ���� o�\� }�, ^��� �)Battistich V, et al., 2000 ( !�+� ��=?� B"�?� %� ��$��� %� ���\�G� )Vargas-Baron E, 2005 .(8��� 2�I� +�N ��$+�H� F�� �� !��

��V� )�7;� B=d� ����l� )�, %� �F�-' ��� �+�� ���P � �& ���� 9!�� �z B,� 8!��� G�� [+�, )Walker SP, et al., 2007(

�8��� 2�I� ��$+�H� (" �C !���"���, ������ %� �%�_9 ��f ��� �X-� 2�C��C $�=N : ���%�7�� %�� ^��� B�+�*$� � (�A� ��� �-"A� ^��� � �� ��3�, ��� � "�qG ���

�$��� %� 2�!��� U��' �"���, /�� ("� (�-67� �%�_9 2i�39%A� �� 2����� :"!= �� � �� �!+�� � �+�, ��F �$��� ���\�G� � ;�7��� k"��' ��=?� %� 7?� ^�� !-���

"��-"A� ������ !-R 2��=� Z��� �!--� �� 8!' 2��� )�N %� ��) Irwin LG, et al., 2007;

WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, 2008; Kershaw P, et al.,

2009( ("� %� �-"A� �� 8!"�� B=3� � �!; �� 8%��7� �QF�!� ���9x/� � 8��� � i�� � �&�z,� 8!�,% �� B )Engle P, et al., 2007(.

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