NaCl gitta inggris.docx

8/16/2019 NaCl gitta inggris.docx

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NaCl PURIFICATION

A. Objectives

1. Study the recrystallization method with the addition of impurity binder material.

2. Understand the methods of NaCl iodisation.

3. Calculate the purity levels of NaCl.

B. Theory

Salt is essential and common elements, in processed foods. he use of salt in

processed foods re!uire special standards, so the standard "nown salt consumption. Salts of

the people "nown as the "roso" salt. hese fol" salt, still contains impurities such as heavy

metals, and the content of NaCl and iodine is below standard. o separate the impurities in the

salt, often washin# by society naturally in salt ponds. he !uality of the national salt, less

!ualified as NaCl salt consumption because the content is still considerably less than re!uired.

$n addition, the low !uality of the cleanliness of the salt for consumption. %Nur, &. 2'13(

o reduce impuristis in salt can be done with a combination of the washin# process and

rapid dissolution durin# salt production. )hile the removal of impurities from salt product can be

made by a chemical process, which is reactin# with Na2C*3 and Na*+ to form a precipitate

CaC*3 and %*+(2. he addition of Na2C*3 and Na*+ is part of a very important process in

the refinin# process salt solution. o avoid a brea"down of sediment caused by nature fra#ile

metal hydroide, then Na2C*3 was added in advance of Na*+. -est results will be obtained if

Na2C*3 and Na*+ is added simultaneously so that it will produce the same reaction. he

deposition alon# CaC*3 and %*+(2 will ta"e place faster than the hydroide precipitate that

settles itself. ood results are also obtained if Na2C*3 is added first before the addition of Na*+ %-ahruddin, et al ., 2''3(.

he precipitate is a substance that separates itself as a solid phase out of solution. he

precipitate formed when the solution becomes too saturated with substance concerned.

Solubility %S( a precipitate is by definition e!ual to the molar concentration of the saturated

solution. Solubility depends on various conditions such as temperature, pressure, concentration

of other in#redients in the solution, and the composition of the solvent. %/esdantina, 2''0(.Crystals can be classified based on the nature of the bondin# between atoms, ions or

molecules that constitute it. his classification would be more fundamental to use the number

and type of elements properly. )hen the results of the rotation, reflection, or the inverse of an

obect can be properly suspended in his native obects, the structure was said to contain certainelements such as the symmetry ais of rotation, the field of reflection %mirror(, or the center

point. his symmetry operations can be applied to #eometric forms, on a physical obect or

structure of the molecule. ecrystallization sta#e is

1. Solvents dissolve impurities in the crystal.2. 4ilterin# separatin# impurities from a solution of pure crystal.3. +eatin# vaporize and removal of solvent from the crystals.5. Coolin# crystallizin# bac" purer crystals. %Underwood,100'(.


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C. Equipe!t a!" #aterials

Equipe!t $

1. 6i#ital balance 7. 8rlenmeyer 27 m/ 3 pieces2. as stove 9. 6roppin# pipette 2 pieces

3. *ven :. )atch #lasses5. -urette 27 m/ ;. -ea"er #lasses

#aterials $

1. 6irty salt< :. 1''' ppm of =$*3 solution<

2. Ca* powder< ;. +N*3 '.1 & solution<

3. -a%*+(2 1 & solution< 0. >#N*3 '.1 N solution<

5. %N+5(2C*3 '.1 & solution< 1'. Universal p+ indicator paper.

7. Concentrated +Cl< 11. 6istilled water.

9. >!uabides<

%. Proce"ures

&. Puri'icatio! o' NaCl

jj(((((

2,7 #rams of dirty salt

• ?ut in a bea"er containin# 27 m/ of

a!uades was heated until dissolved• filtered

residuefiltrate

• add ','7 #r of Ca* and filter the

precipitate happened

• add -a%*+(2 1 & until the last drop

doesn@t form precipitate

• filtered the precipitate

residuefiltrate

• add 7 m/ %N+5(2C*3 ','1 & until the last

drop doesn@t form a precipitate.

• allowed for 7 minutes until formed

precipitate clearly.

• filtered the solution.

filtrateresidue

• test p+ with universal indicator paper.

• neutralized with dilute +Cl.

• evaporated up to dry.


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)*+, -r NaCl pa pro a!alys/ "issolve" i! &)) 0 o'"istille" 1ater* ove i!to the erle!eyer

&) 0 o' solutio! ta(e!

& 0 i!"icator 2+CrO3 ,4 a""e"

Titrate 1ith )*& N A-NO5 solutio! u!til the solutio! color

is re" bric(

Repeat the titratio! 5 ties

)e repeated the titration 3 times.

>dded 1 m/ indicator =2Cr*5 7A. itrated it with '.1 N >#N*3 solution until red

blac" coloured and produced white precipitate.

Chec" p+, added Na+C*3 if too acid and added +N*3 if too al"aline until

neutral.

27'm# dirty salt dissolved in 1'' m/ distilled water, moved in erlenmeyer.

+. %eteri!atio! o' purity levels o' NaCl

a/ 6ta!"ar"i7atio! A-NO5

b/ %eteri!i!- the co!te!t o' "irty salt

c/ %eteri!i!- the purity levels o' NaCl a'ter recrystalli7atio!

wei#h the crystals obtainedNaCl crystal

',27 #rams of NaCl after

recrystallization

-6issolved in 1'' m/ of distilled water then move into the erlenmeyer .

1' m/ of solution

1 m/ indicator =2Cr*5 7A

added


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E. Observatio! %ata

a. Color of the salt before purified turbid white and dirty

b. Structure of salt crystals before purified rou#h crystals, bi# particle, clot salt

c. Color of the salt after purified clean white

d. Structure of salt crystals after purified soft powder salt

e. Bolume of -a%*+(2 re!uired is 33 drops

f. Bolume of %N+5(2C*3 re!uired is 7 m/

#. he wei#h of impurities from salt recrystallizin# 1,1:9: #rams

h. he wei#ht of salt crystal from salt recrystallizin# 1,3235 #rams

i. he percenta#e of pure salt from recrystallizin# process

he percenta#e of pure salt weigh of pure NaCl

weighof initial NaCl(dirty salt ) 1''A

1,3234

2,5001 x100

¿52,93

j. itration data

&. 6ta!"ar"i7atio! A-NO5

&ass of concentated NaCl ',27'2 #rams

Bolume of distilled water 1'' m/Bolume >#N*3 that needed

B1 5.3 ml B2 5.3; ml B3 5.20 ml

>vera#e volume of >#N*3 5.207 ml

N NaCl gram

Mr x1000

V

0.2502

58.46 x1000

100

'.'535 N

B NaCl . N NaCl B >#N*3 . N >#N*3

itrate with ',1 N >#N*3 solution

until the solution color is red bric"

epeat the titration

3 times


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V NaCl ∙ gra m

Mr x

1000

V B >#N*3 . N >#N*3

1' ml .0.2502

58.46 x 1000

100 . 00,00A 5.207 ml . N >#N*3

N >#N*3 '.'0093 N

+. %eteri!i!- the co!te!t o' "irty salt

&ass of dirty salt ',271' #rams

Bolume >#N*3 that needed

B1 3.;0 ml B2 3.01 ml B3 3.;1 ml

>vera#e volume of >#N*3 3.0 ml

he purity levels of NaCl before recrystallization process

¿ (V . N ) AgNO

3.58.46

w .1000×100

¿3.9×0.09963×58.46

0,2510 .1000×100

¿9.0498 (¿10ml )

in 1'' ml ¿9.0498 X 10=90,498

5. %eteri!i!- the purity levels o' NaCl a'ter recrystalli7atio!

&ass of NaCl after recrystallization ',27'2 #rams

Bolume >#N*3 that needed

B1 5.11 ml B2 5.1' ml B3 5.1' ml

>vera#e volume of >#N*3 5.1'33 ml

he purity levels of NaCl after recrystallization process

¿ (V . N ) AgNO3 .58,46

w .1000×100

¿ 4.1033×0.09963 ×58,46

0.2502×1000×100

¿9.552 (¿10ml )

in 1'' ml ¿9.552 ×10=95.52

F. %iscussio!


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NaCl salt purification eperiment aims to Study the recrystallization method with the

addition of impurity binder material, Understand the methods of NaCl iodisation, and finally able

to Calculate the purity levels of NaCl. $n this eperiment, there are four main steps, which is

purification NaCl, >#N*3 standardization, the determination of the initial NaCl concentration,

and determination of the final NaCl.

a( NaCl ?urification

Sodium chloride is the main component, which is epected to eist in the salt. herefore the

purification process is carried out to increase the levels of NaCl on salt. ecrystallization is

one way of purifyin# solids are often used, in which these substances are dissolved in a

solvent and then crystallized bac" in. his method relies on the solubility in certain solvents.

>t the time of NaCl diluted with hot distilled water, the addition of some substances to

precipitate impurities ions.

6irty salt is converted from solid state into solution. Salt dissolved in hot distilled water, it

aims to accelerate the dissolution process itself. >t the time of the dissolution process

occurs ionization component D component of the salt. $n this dirty salt contains not only Na E

and ClD ions, but also contains ionic impurities such as Ca2E, E, 4e2E, S*52D, and C*3

2D.

NaCl solution is filtered, it aims to remove solid impurities such as sand that may still be

present in the salt.

he resultin# filtrate is then added ''7 #rams of calcium oide %Ca*(. he function of the

addition of calcium oide is to precipitate impurities such as impurities roomates contains

S*52D, and C*3

2D that contained in dirty salt. he reaction that happened

Ca* Ca2E E *2D

Ca2EE C*32D CaC*3%s(

Ca2EE S*52D CaS*5%s(

he solution which has been added Ca* powder was then added a#ain with a solution of

-a%*+(2 a!ueous to bind impurities in the form of 2E, C*3

2D, 4e2E, dan S*52D.

-a%*+(2 -a2E E 2*+D

-a2EE C*32D CaC*3%s(

-a2E E S*52D -aS*5%s(

4e2EE 2*+D 4e%*+(2%s( EE 2*+D %*+(2%s(

hen the solution was filtered to remove sediment that occurs.

>dded %N+5(2C*3, drop by drop until no white precipitate formed to bind Ca 2E and -a2E

derived from Ca* and -a%*+(2. he addition is done dropwise with the aim to avoid ecess

rea#ent %C*32D( that would contaminate the salt bac". he reactions that occur

%N+5(2C*3 2N+5EE C*3

2D

-a2EE C*32D -aC*3%s(

Ca2EE C*32D CaC*3%s(

he solution was allowed to stand 7 minutes, then filtered to obtain a filtrate, epected this

filtrate containin# NaCl at hi#her levels. ood salt should have a neutral p+ of the filtrate

was added +Cl until the solution became neutral. he reaction that occur


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N+5E E +Cl N+5Cl %neutralization(

4urthermore, the filtrate evaporated to re#ain solid NaCl crystals, NaCl results of

observations refinin# the color whiter and finerDtetured. +avin# wei#hed and calculatin# an

increase in levels of NaCl, of 0' 50;A to 07.72A.

b( 6etermination of purity levels of NaCl

o determine the levels of NaCl in the salt that has been purified, it is necessary to titration.

6o three "inds of titration with 3 repetitions to obtain the ri#ht volume. NaCl is titrated with

>#N*3 and =2Cr*5 as an indicator. itration is done until the color chan#es to red bric" and

white precipitate formed.

he initial sta#e is done is standardized >#N*3 with NaCl. 4rom the trial and after the

calculations, the normality of >#N*3 '.'0093 N. titration is then performed to determine the

initial NaCl concentration in the same way. >vera#es volume >#N*3 #ained 3.0 ml and the

obtained data, the NaCl levels of 0' 50;A. /astly, to the titration to determine the

concentration of NaCl after purified. >vera#es volume >#N*3 used to react with NaCl hasi

purification of 5.1'33 ml after calculation "nown final concentration of NaCl 07.72A. he

reaction that occur is

>#N*3E NaCl >#Cl%s( E NaN*3 white precipitation

>#N*3 E =2Cr*5 >#2Cr 2*5 E =N*3 red bric"

8. Co!clusio!

&. Crystallization is the separation of a crystalline solid material from a solution based on the

differences of solubility between the purified substance and impurities in a particular

solvent.

2. NaCl purification is done by recrystallization method with the addition of impurity binder material

such as Ca*, -a%*+(2, and %N+5(2C*3.

3. he purity levels of NaCl decrease after purification, from 0'.50;A into 07.72A.

9. 6u--estio!

1 )e must study the theory before do the eperiment2 )e must do the eperiment carefully3 )hen addin# acid %+Cl( must be done carefully then the p+ not chan#es too acid.

I. Biblio-raphy

-ahruddin, Fulfansyah, >man, $lyas >rin, and Nurfatihayati .2''3. “Penentuan Rasio Ca/Mg Optimum pada Proses Pemurnian Garam Dapur” . Gurnal Natur $ndonesia 9, Bol.1 No.19.


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/esdantina, 6ina dan $sti"omah, 2''0, HPemurnian Nacl Dengan Menggunakan Natrium

Karbonat” , Seminar u#as >"hir S1 e"ni" =imia. Semaran#.UN6$?

Nur, &. 2'13 . Pengayaan odium dan Kadar NaCl pada Garam Krosok men!adi Garam

Konsumsi standar "N# . Gurnal Sains dan &atemati"a. Bol. 21 %1( 1D9.

Underwood, >. / dan 6ay >. . 100'. $nalisis Kimia Kuantitati% &disi Kelima' Ga"arta ?enerbit

8rlan##a.

:. Attache!t


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NaCl gitta inggris.docx