Navigational Charts

7/22/2019 Navigational Charts

1/144

mu


2/144

CHART OR MAP PROJECTION

The process of transferring information fromthe Earth to a map causes every project ion

to dis tort at least one aspectof the real

world either shape, area, d istance, o r

direct ion.


3/144


4/144


5/144

AZIMUTHAL SURFACE CONIC SURFACE CYLINDRICAL SURFACE

EARTH


6/144

1. CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION

Cyl ind r ical Project ionprojectsinformation from the spherical Earth to a

cylinder. The cylinder may be either

tangent to the Earthalong a selectedline, or may be secant(intersect the

Earth) along two l ines.


7/144


8/144

TangentTouching at a sing le po int or

alonga sing le l ine. A tangent cone orcylinder touches the sphere or spheroid along

a single line. This l ine is a paral lel o f

lat i tude if the axes o f the geometr icf igures coinc ide.


9/144

SecantCutting the sphere or spheroid

along a line or lines. A secant cone or

cy l inder intersects the sphere or spheroidalong two separate lines;these lines are

parallels of latitude if the axes of the

geometric figures coincide. A secant planeintersects the sphere or spheroid along a line

that is a parallel o f lat itud e if the plane is

at r igh t angles to the axis.


10/144


11/144

A . MERCATOR PROJECTION

A CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION WHOSEPLANE IS TANGENT TO THE

EQUATOR. (INVENTED BY FLEMISH

CARTOGRAPHER GERARDKREMERMERCATOR) 400 YRS.AGO


12/144


13/144


14/144


15/144

USES OF MERCATOR CHART

MOST WIDELY USED IN NAVIGATION.

RHUMBLINE APPEARS AS STRAIGHT

LINE.

GREAT CIRCLE APPEARS AS CONCAVE

OR CURVED LINE.

MERIDIANS AND VERTICAL LINES ARE

EQUALLY SPACED..


16/144

B. TRANSVERSE MERCATOR

PROJECTION

A CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION WHOSE

PLANE IS TANGENT ALONG THE

MERIDIAN.

*USED FOR STAR CHART


17/144


18/144


19/144

C.OBLIQUE PROJECTION

CYLINDER IS TANGENT AT ANYGREAT CIRCLES OTHER THAN THE

EQUATOR OR MERIDIAN.

*SIMILAR TO GNOMONIC CHART


20/144


21/144


22/144

2.CONIC PROJECTION

ConicA map projection where the Earth's

su rface is p rojected onto a tangent o r

secant cone, which is then cut from apex to

base and laid flat. It is also the process of

transferring points from su rface of the Earthto a cone or ser ies o f cones.


23/144


24/144

A .SINGLE OR SIMPLE CONIC

PROJECTIONONE STANDARD

PARALLEL


25/144


26/144


27/144


28/144

C. POLYCONIC PROJECTION

PARALLEL (LATITUDE) LIMITATIONUSES SERIES OF CONES.

*NON CONFORMALNOT USE IN NAV.

*USED IN SURVEYING PURPOSES.

*WIDELY USED IN ATLASES,FOR

AREAS OF LARGE LATITUDE AND

LARGE LONGITUDES SUCH AS

CONTINENTS.


29/144

POLYCONIC PROJECTIONS


30/144


31/144


32/144

A .GNOMONIC PROJECTION

POINTS GEOMETRICALLY PROJECTED

FROM THE CENTER OF THE EARTH.

USE FOR GREAT CIRCLE CHART


33/144


34/144


35/144

B.STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

A PROJECTION COMING FROM THE

ANTIPODE,CONCEIVED ASPROJECTED BY RADIAL LINES FROM

ANY POINT ON THE SURFACE TO A

PLANE TANGENT TO THE ANTIPODE. ANTIPODE= TWO PLACES WHICH IS

DIRECTLY OPPOSITE EACH OTHER ON

THE EARTH USED IN POLAR NAVIGATION.


36/144


37/144


38/144

C. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

PROJECTING LINES EMANATING FROM APOINT AT INFINITY PERPENDICULAR TO

A TANGENT PLANE.

USED FOR PERSPECTIVE VIEWS OF THE

EARTH, MOON, AND OTHER PLANETS


39/144

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION


40/144

SCALE RATIO OF A LENGTH ON A CHART TO THE

ACTUAL LENGTH ON THE SURFACE OF THEEARTH.

A. REPRESENTIVE FRACTION

( EX. 1:50,000 )

B. GRAPHIC SCALE

CHARTS ACCORDING TO SCALE:

1.SMALL SCALE - COVERS LARGE AREA

2.LARGE SCALE COVERS SMALL AREA


41/144


42/144


43/144

1. A perspect ive azimuthal map

pro ject ion in which po ints on the

su rface of a sphere or spheroids areconceived as pro jected by radial from

the cen ter to the tangent p lane.

A. azimuthal projection

B. conic projection

C. gnomonic projection

D. stereographic projection


44/144

2. A type of project ion in which points on

the surface of sphere or spheroids are

conceived as p rojected b y radial l ines

from any po int on the surface to a plane

tangent to the ant ipode of the po int of

project ion.

A. conic projection B. gnomonic projection

C. lambert projection



45/144


46/144

4.A con formal map pro ject ion in whichthe su rface o f the earth , sphere or

spheroid is conceived as developed on a

cy l inder tangent along the equator.

A. polyconic projection

B. mercator projection

C. conic projection

D. azimuthal projection


47/144


48/144


49/144

7. A conic pro ject ion w i th two standard

paral lels in which the surface of a

sphere or a spheroid is conceived asdeveloped on a cone which intersects

the sphere or spheroid at two standard

parallels.

A. gnomonic projection

B. lambert conformal projection

C. polyconic projection D. stereographic projection

8 A conic map p roject ion in which the


50/144

8. A conic map p roject ion in which the

su rface of a sphere or spheroid is

conceived as developed on a ser ies o f

tangent cones, which are then sp read out

to fo rm a plane.


B. gnomonic projection

C. polyconic projection


9 A j t i i h i h th


51/144

9. A map p roject ion in which the

su rface of a sphere is conceived as

developed on a tangent p lane, w ith theresu l t that bear ing of a poin t from the

center are correct ly represented .


B. conic projection

C. polyconic projection


10 A j t i i h i h th f


52/144

10. A m ap p roject ion in which the su rface

of a sphere or spheroid is conceived as

developed on a tangent o r secant cone orcones, which are the spread out to fo r a

plane.


B. conic projection

C. cylindrical projection

D. mercator projection


53/144


54/144

12. In very h igh lat i tudes, the most

pract ical chart pro ject ion to use is the:

A. Azimuthal B. Gnomonic

C. Mercator

D. Lambert conformal


55/144

14 When using a Lambert con form al


56/144

14. When using a Lambert con form al

chart in h igh lat i tudes, ang le such as

bearing s are measu red in reference to :

A. The meridian through the object of the

bearing

B. The meridian through the ships position

C. The meridian midway between the shipand the object

D. Any meridian


57/144


58/144

16. Which statement is true concerning a

simple con ic chart pro ject ion?

A. It is an equal-area projection B. It is conformal projection

C. Meridians appear as curved lines

D. The scale is correct along any meridian


59/144

18 Which chart pro ject ion wou ld be most


60/144

18. Which chart pro ject ion wou ld be most

su i table for mar ine surveying?

A. Gnomonic B. Lambert conformal

C. Polyconic

D. Mercator

19 You wou ld f ind var iat ion on a


61/144

19. You wou ld f ind var iat ion on a

po lyconic chart :

A. On the compass rose B. On the mileage scale

C. Written on the chart title

D. At each line of longitude

20 A gnomon ic pro ject ion is based on


62/144

20. A gnomon ic project ion is based on

a/an:

A. Plane tangent at one point B. Cylinder tangent at the equator

C. Cone tangent atone equator

D. Infinite series of cones tangent atselected parallels


63/144


64/144

23 Wh ich o f the fol low ing s tatements is


65/144

23. Wh ich o f the fol low ing s tatements is

correct concern ing a gnomonic

pro ject ion?

A. A rhumbline appears as a straight line

B. Distance is measured at the mid-latitude

of a particular course to be used C. Meridians appear as curved lines

converging towards the nearer pole

D. Parallels except the equator appear as

curved lines

24 A t h t i /


66/144

24. A mercator chart is a/an :

A. Cylindrical projection

B. Polyconic projection C. Rectangular projection

D. Simple conic projection

25 Distance is measu red on a mercator


67/144

25. Distance is measu red on a mercator

chart using.

A. Latitude scale at the middle of the scale B. Longitude scale at the middle of the scale

C. Linear scale near the title block

D. Latitude or longitude scale at the middleof the scale


68/144


69/144


70/144


71/144


72/144

31. A convent ional representat ion


73/144

p

usual ly on a plane su rface of al l or part

o f the phys ical features o f the earths

su rface intended p r imari ly for marine

navigat ion is cal led:

A. chart

B. map

C. marine chart

D. marine map


74/144


75/144

34. A pro ject ion where po ints on the


76/144

p j p

earth are transferred d irect ly to a plane

and the or ig in of the project ing rays is

the point oppos i te the planes po int of

tangency is called:



C. orthographic projection


35. A project ions where po ints on the


77/144

p j p

earth are transferred d irect ly to a plane

and the pro ject ing l ines are parallel to

each oth er is cal led:



C. orthographic projection


36. A pro ject ion where the p lane is


78/144

p j p

tangent to the earth and po ints are

pro jected geometr ical ly from the center

o f the earth is cal led :

A. gnomonic projection

B. polyconic projection

C. stereographic projection

D. orthographic projection

37. What is the type of chart pro ject ion


79/144

yp p j

wherein the po ints on the surface of the

sphere are conceived as p rojected by

radial from the center of the tangent

plane?

A. Azimuthal projection

B. Gnomonic projection

C. Orthographic projection

D. Stereographic projection


80/144

39 Charts o f larger than 1:50 000 scales


81/144

39. Charts o f larger than 1:50,000 scales

used in harbours , ancho rage areas and

the smaller waterways. A. sailing chart

B. general chart

C. sailing chart D. harbor chart


82/144


83/144


84/144


85/144


86/144

45. Charts used for plann ing f ix ing


87/144

posi t ion at sea on a long voyage are

called:

A. pilot charts

B. general charts

C. sailing charts D. gnomonic charts


88/144

47. The origin al date of issue of a new


89/144

chart is shown at the.

A. top center margin

B. middle of a chart

C. lower left of the chart

D. lower right of the chart


90/144

49. New edit ion is marked on the charts :


91/144

A. upper left hand corner

B. upper right hand corner C. lower left hand corner

D. lower right hand corner

50. A pr int which does no t supersede a


92/144

cu rrent edi t ion is cal led:

A. revised print

B. reprint

C. 2nd edition

D. 1st edition


93/144


94/144

53. A good chart can be dist ingu ished


95/144

f rom indi f ferent one by :

A. date of survey

B. date of printing

C. its edition

D. date of correction

54. Which of the fo l low ing pub l ications


96/144

wou ld you refer to ob tain navigational

in format ion s when enter ing a fore ign

por t?

A. sailing direction

B. world port index

C. coast pilot

D. port catalogue

55. Which of the fo l low ing pub l ications


97/144

can prov ide you advance informat ion on

the faci l i t ies o f a certain port?

A. coast pilot

B. world port index

C. sailing direction D. port catalogue


98/144


99/144

58. This is a publ icat ion containing the

l t l i t i f l l li h t b d


100/144

complete l is t ing o f al l ligh ts, buoys, day

beacons , ranges and other navigat ional

l ights w ith their locat ions, candle powerand character ist ic s.

A. sailing directions

B. light stations C. coast pilot

D. light list


101/144

60. Notice to mariner is issued fo r


102/144

correct ing:

A radio navigational aids B. world port index

C. charts and references

D. all of these

61. Which of the fo l low ing info rmat ion

canno t be fo nd on p i lo t chart?


103/144

canno t be found on p i lo t chart?

A. Steamers route

B. Wind condition

C. Ocean current

D. Tidal information


104/144

63. Wh ich pub l icat ion can g ive you


105/144

in format ion on the kind o f fac i l it ies fo r

repairs o f any nearest po rt .

A. world port index

B. sailing directions

C. port pilot D. coast pilot


106/144

65. The mos t reliab le way to check if

i b i t d t t


107/144

any iceberg is expected to encounter

du r ing the voyage is refer to:

A. world port index

B. sailing direction

C. coast pilot D. all of these


108/144

67. Which aid is not marked on a chart


109/144

w ith a magenta circ le?

A. Radar station

B. Radar responder beacon

C. Aeronautical beacon

D. Loran station

68. What pub l icat ion contains

d i t i f th t l i b


110/144

descr ip t ions o f the coast l ine, buoyage

sys tems a weather condi t ions, po rt

faci l i t ies, and navigat ion ins truc t ion for

the United States and i ts possession s?

A. Sailing directions

B. Port index

C. Coast pilots

D. Light list

69. When a buoy is in pos i tion dur ing

l t i i d f th h


111/144

only a certain period o f the year, where

may the dates when the buoy is in

posi t ion be determ ined?

A. Light list

B. Notice to mariners

C. On the chart

D. Coast pilot


112/144

71. What publ icat ion contains info rmat ion

regarding the dangers to navigat ion in


113/144

regarding the dangers to navigat ion in

the Eng l ish Channel?

A. Channel Pilot Guide

B. World Port Index

C. Coast Pilot

D. Sailing Directions Enroute


114/144


115/144

74. This is the angular dis tance from a

i t i l l d


116/144

pr im ary great circ le or p lane measu red

no r th or south through 90.

A. longitude

B. rhumb line

C. course line D. latitude

75. A l ine on the sur face of the earth

ki th b l i l i th l l


117/144

making the same ob l ique ang le w ith al l

meridians.

A. latitude

B. rhumb line

C. longitude line D. azimuth line

76. This is the d istance between the

two meridians at any given paral lel of


118/144

two meridians at any given paral lel of

lat i tude, exp ressed in nau t ical m iles.

A. difference of longitude

B. great circle distance

C. difference of latitude D. departure

77. This is the angular dis tance along a

pr imary great circ le or the ang le between


119/144

p y g g

a reference plane through the po lar axis

and a second p lane through that axis. A. great circle track

B. longitude

C. azimuth D. none of these

78. This is the lat i tude at wh ich the arc

leng th o f the paral lel separat ing the


120/144

leng th o f the paral lel separat ing the

mer id ians pass ing through two spec if ic

po ints is exact ly equal to the departure in

proceeding from one po int to the other.

A. mean latitude

B. middle latitude

C. difference of latitude

D. inverse latitude

79. To find out i f a pi lot serv ices are

avai lable on a certain port , wh ich


121/144

avai lable on a certain port , wh ich

publ icat ion does provide th is

in format ion? A. coast pilot

B. world port index

C. sailing direction D. all of these

80. This is a graph ic p resen tat ion on a

p lane su rface of a sect ion o f the earth s


122/144

p lane su rface of a sect ion o f the earths

sea surface cons tructed to inc lude known

dangers and aids to navigat ion. A. chart catalogue

B. nautical chart

C. coast chart D. light list


123/144

82. This is shown in the most convenient

place in the chart so that no essent ia l


124/144

place in the chart so that no essent ia l

navigat ional inform at ion is obscu red by

i t , and in the thumblabel on the

reversed o f the chart .

A. Date of publication

B. Source data diagram

C. Title of the chart

D. Chart corrections

83. In th is series there are five regional

sheets on the mercator p ro ject ion


125/144

sheets on the mercator p roject ion

cover ing the North and Sou th A t lant ic,

Ind ian , North and Sou th Pacif ic Oceans.Pub l ished in a separate version for each

mon th o f the year. They are co rrected by

no t ice to mar iners and occasional newedit ions.

A. Passage Planning Charts

B. Routeing Charts C. CoTidal Charts

D. Magnetic Charts

84. Each weekly edit ion of the Notice

to Mar iners cons is ts of the fo l low ing


126/144

to Mar iners cons ists of the fo l low ing

sect ions Except:

A. Corrections for Sailing Directions

B. Admiralty Notice to Mariners

C. Temporary and Preliminary Notices D. Navigational Warnings

85. Designed to give mariners early

in formation o f impor tant inc ident which


127/144

in formation o f impor tant inc ident which

may const i tute a danger to navigation

such as particu lars o f recent dangerous

w reck, shoals depth, movement o f oi l

dr i l l ing r igs , su rvey operat ions and

mari t ime exercises.

A. Radio navigational warnings

B. Coastal radio warnings

C. Local radio warnings

D. Fleet notice to mariners

86. Rou teing charts include the

fol low ing data Except:


128/144

fo l low ing data Except:

A. Ice limits B. Routes and distances between ports

C. Limits of loadline zones

D. Weather pattern

87. A pub l icat ion issued at intervals of

app rox imately six mon ths It reco rds the


129/144

app rox imately six mon ths . It reco rds the

data of issue of the cu rrent edi t ions o f

each chart and of subsequent relevant

Notice to Mariners.

A. Cumulative List of Notice to Mariners

B. Fleet Notice to Mariners

C. Summary of Notice to Mariners

D. Semi-Annual Notice to Mariners


130/144

89. The co rrect ion for the Adm iral ty List

of L ights and Fog Signals is contained


131/144

of L ights and Fog Signals is contained

on what sect ion of the Weekly No t ice to

Mariners?

A. Section I

B. Section IV

C. Section VI

D. Section V

90. The number of longi tude un i ts in the

in the leng th o f a merid ian between the


132/144

in the leng th o f a meridian between the

parallel o f that lat itude and the equato r.

A. departure

B. difference of longitude

C. difference of meridional parts D. distance

91. This is shown ou ts ide the bo t tom

righ t-hand and top lef t -hand corners o f


133/144

r igh t-hand and top lef t -hand corners o f

the chart and in the thumb label on the

reverse o f the chart .

A. new edition of the chart

B. number of the chart

C. original edition of the chart

D. last edition of the chart


134/144


135/144

93. The kind o f chart arrangement in

which charts are numbered in


136/144

which charts are numbered in

geog raph ical sets and as far as possible

in numerical order and contained in a

buckram cover.

A. chart catalogue

B. chart supplies folio

C. chart folio

D. chart diagram


137/144

94. This is shown by the date in the

thumb label on the reverse of the chart


138/144

thumb label on the reverse of the chart .

A. Date of printing B. Date of publication

C. Date of new edition

D. Date of original publication

95. The letter PD alongsid e an

b t t i i d i t d th h t


139/144

obstruct ion indicated on the chart mean.

A positive deviation

B. powerful disturbance

C. positively dangerous

D. position doubtful


140/144


141/144

98. When a course is through var ious

lat i tudes the conversion may be ei ther


142/144

lat i tudes, the conversion may be ei ther

by m idlat sail ing or mercator sai ling inwhich the pr inc ip le is invo lved in the

const ruct ion o f what char t?

A. Great circle chart B. Mercator chart

C. Polyconic chart

D. Gnomonic chart


143/144

100. A k ind o f chart on a speci f ic scale

and pro ject ions show ing a grat icu le and


144/144

and pro ject ions show ing a grat icu le and

compass rose designed to be used incon junc t ion w i th naut ical chart .

A. Gnomonic chart

B. Mercator chart C. Plotting chart

D. Position plotting sheet

Documents

Navigational Charts