Negative words & negative statements

陈述句是用来陈述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等的句子，它又分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句，简称为肯定句和否定句。本单元的语法重点是否定陈述句。(negative statements)

To learn the basic function of negative statements

To learn the most commonly used negative words and expressions

To learn to use the negative words and expressions in different situations

Find out the negative statements from P 2-3:

1. Many people do not read them because they think classics are old and boring

and have nothing to do with life today.2. They have not disappeared and still

have a place in the world.3. Nobody would bother to make these classic novels into films if they had nothing to do with contemporary life.

4. Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.5. Readers may not be able to see the danger, so they need a symbol like the mist to make it clearer to them.6.Pip dislikes it when Joe comes to visit him in London.

7 . He has rigid ideas of what it means to be civil and to be a gentleman, and is embarrassed by Joe because he does not fit these.

8. He learns that wealth does not buy happiness and that friends are more

important than a fancy education.

to test your sense of observation

Guess

Fill in the blanks:1. Many people do _____ read them

because they think classics are old and boring and have ________ to do with life today.

2. They have _____ disappeared and still have a place in the world.

3. Joe is a kind and simple man who ____________ die _____ see any harm come to Pip.

nothing

not

not

would rather than

4. ________ would bother to make these classic novels into films if they had _______ to do with contemporary life.5. Readers may _____ be able to see the danger, so they need a symbol like the mist to make it clearer to them.6. He learns that wealth does _____ buy happiness and that friends are more important than a fancy education.

Nobody

nothingnot

not

The little boy _______ know how to solve this maths problem.

doesn’t

1.常用 no 和 not 否定词表示否定。 not与助动词连用， no 修饰名词或代词；

Discuss in groups

____ parkingNo

2. not 和其他词连用构成否定(1)当 not 和带有否定前缀的词连用时，

句 子的意思变成了肯定意味，构成双重 否定，其意味不如肯定句强烈。Students are not discouraged to discuss things with their classmates.(Students are encouraged to discuss things with their classmates.)It is not uncommon for him to be late.(It is very common for him to be late.)

(2) not 可以用于表示时间、距离和数量 的名词短语前，强调这个短语。 It is not a long distance from the city centre to the new railway station. = It is a short distance from the city centre to the new railway station. There were not many people present for the lecture. = There were very few people present for the lecture.

(3) not 用于 “ can’t…too…” 或 “ can’t… enough” 结构中，表示肯定意思。 You can’t be too careful when driving a car. = You should be very careful when driving a car. We have realized it was a case of mistaken identity. I can’t be sorry enough. = …I am really sorry for that.

3. 用 hardly, far from, seldom, unless, would rather…than… 和 free from 等词 或词组表示的否定意味。 I cannot do this job because it is far from easy for me. I repaid the loan and I am now free from debt. You will not catch the early bus unless you leave right now. I can hardly hear what you are saying.

4. 全部否定可用 no, neither, none, nothing 等词构成。当 all, both, everyone, everything 等词用于否定句 中可构成部分否定。 None of your answers are correct. Nobody can help you. You should help yourself. All that glitters are not gold. Not every student can work out the problem.

a list of the most commonly used negative words and expressions:

no, not, never, neither, hardly, seldom, few, little, barely, on no account, in no circumstances, never before, nowhere, at no time, by no means, …

There are some other patterns which can be used to express negation.1. too + adjective + to-infinitive

e.g.

My father is too old to have such a long journey.

She is too happy to say a word at the party.

The box is too heavy to carry.

The house is too expensive for us to buy.

2. few + a countable noun; little + an uncountable noun

e.g.Few students in our class have ever read Katherine Mansfield’s short stories. (=Not many/Only one or two students in our class have ever read Katherine Mansfield's short stories.)We have little rain all this summer. (=It almost does not rain during this summer.)

Because few or little has the negative meaning, we do not use the negative form in question tags.e.g.Few people liked his painting at that time, did they?There is little ink in the bottle, is there?

Answers to Part A (page 9)1. The main character, Oliver Twist, experiences a childhood without parents.2. He is raised with other children who also have no parents. 3. He is then sent to a workhouse, where he has to work very hard and hardly has time to relax.4. Oliver does not like anything about the workhouse.

5. The children are treated very badly and seldom have enough food or water. 6. Fagin is not a good character. 7. Oliver does not want to steal from anyone, but in order to survive Oliver is forced to become a criminal.

8. Mr. Barnlow is a generous man

without any of Fagin’s vices.

9. Unless Oliver can escape, he will

never be reunited with Mr. Barnlow—he will have no real family and none of the love he deserves.

Read the sentences and completethem using the negative words. 课本练习1. Many students ___________ read contemporary novels _____ classics.2. It is _____________ for students to

have difficulty understanding classics.3. __________ students in my class had

read Oliver Twist, so I told them the story.

4. You _____ be ___ careful when collecting these statistics.

would ratherthan

not uncommon

Not many

can’t too

1. The basic way to form a negative statement is to put the word after the auxiliary verb.

2. When ‘not’ is used in ‘can’t…too…’ or ‘can’t…enough’, the meaning of the sentence becomes .

3. Can you say some other negative expressions?

Assessment

1. Do Part A on Page 9.

2. Do Parts C1 and C2 on Page 100 of

the Workbook.