New college

English

Unit Six

I Preparation II Reading Activities

III Further Development IV Translation & Writing

Part I Preparation

1. Check Your Vocabulary2. How Much Do You Know About Food?3. Comparing Diets

Activity 1 Check Your Vocabulary

Directions: Work in groups to list as many foods and drinks as you can.

Activity 1 Check Your Vocabulary

vegetable asparagus 芦笋 bamboo shoots 竹笋 bean

sprout 豆芽 beet 甜菜 broccoli 花椰菜 broad bean 蚕豆 cabbage 洋白菜 celery 芹菜 cauliflower 菜花 cucumber 黄瓜 fennel 茴香 greens 青菜 leek 韭葱 lettuce 莴苣 pepper 胡椒 rape 油菜 soybean 黄豆 spinach 菠菜 squash 西葫芦 tomato 番茄 turnip 萝卜 wild rice stem 茭白

Activity 1 Check Your Vocabulary

fig 无花果 grapefruit 西柚 honeydew melon 香瓜 kiwi fruit 猕猴桃 litchi 荔枝 mango 芒果 mulberry 桑椹 peach 桃子 pineapple 菠萝 plum 洋李 sugarcane 甘蔗

Activity 1 Check Your Vocabulary

Meat Cerea

l Drink Others

bacon, beef,

chicken, chop,

cutlet, ham, lamb, mutton, pork, roast, sausage, stew, steak, turkey

barley, buck-wheat, maize/ corn, millet, oat, rice, sorghum, wheat

Coca-Cola, tea, coffee, beer, wine, orange juice, apple cider, milk shake, lemonade, spirits, whisk(e)y, soft drinks, mineral water, soda pop, apple jack

roast duck, fried noodle, preserved eggs, pork dumpling, hamburger, hot dogs, French fries, sandwich, beef steak words about cooking

cooking oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar, MSG, steam, stew, fry, bake, boil

Activity 2 How Much Do You Know About Food?

Directions: Here is a questionnaire about food and diet. Answer the questions to find out how much you know about food.

Activity 3 Comparing Diets?

STEP ONE Look at the diet below. It shows what a

10-year-old British boy eats on a typical

day. Work in pairs to decide whether this

is a healthy diet.

STEP TWO Write down what you usually eat every day and compare it with the food your partner has. Then talk with your partner how your/his/her diet could be improved.

Activity 3 Comparing Diets?

STEP ONE Look at the diet below. It shows what a

10-year-old British boy eats on a typical

day. Work in pairs to decide whether this

is a healthy diet.

Activity 3 Comparing Diets?

STEP TWO Write down what you usually eat every day and compare it with the food your partner has. Then talk with your partner how your/his/her diet could be improved.

Sample Two kinds of diets

Student ABreakfast: two baozi, a cup of milk, one eggLunch: rice, fish, beef, chicken soupSupper: jiaozi, pork, fish soup

Student BBreakfast: some porridge, one boiled egg, one mantouLunch: rice, vegetables, bean curdSupper: noodles, potato, egg soup

Activity 3 Comparing Diets?

Activity 3 Comparing Diets?

Sample Advice on the improvement of the two

diets:Student A should have more vegetables every day, while student B should have some meat and milk every day. Both of them should add some varieties to their diet so that they may get a balanced diet to provide them with all the necessary nutrients the body needs.

Part II Reading Activities

1. Pre-reading Questions

2. Text Organization

3. Sentence Study

4. Words & Phrases

Pre-reading Questions

1. Cows help plow the fields.2. Cow manure can be used as fertilizer.3. Cow manure can be dried and burned to make a cooking fire.

Can you give the reasons why the cow is regarded as food taboo in India?

Pre-reading Questions

1. Dogs serve as companions for people.2. Dogs serve as protection against thieves.

Are you able to offer the reasons why dogs are viewed as food taboo in the United States?

Pre-reading Questions

1. People did not want to stay in one place.2. Pork cooked insufficiently may spread disease.

Can you provide the reasons why the pork is seen as food taboo in ancient Egypt and Israel?

Text OrganizationText Organization

People from different cultures eat different kinds of food.

Anthropologists believe that most food likes and dislikes are a result of the ways of life of different people.

The reasons why people have preference to different foods.

Para.1

Para. 2-6

Para. 7

1. 1. As a resultAs a result, people from one culture often , people from one culture often think the foods that people from another think the foods that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. ((Line Line 22))

Sentence Study

as a resultas a result: : 结果结果 ············ （作状语）（作状语）相当于相当于 so, therefore, etc.so, therefore, etc. ，，常用于句首，也常用于句首，也可用于句末，表示因果关系，亦可作插入语。可用于句末，表示因果关系，亦可作插入语。

Sentence Study

She studied hard. She studied hard. As a resultAs a result, she made rapid progress , she made rapid progress in the studies.in the studies.

她学习非常用功，学业有了长足的进步。

He slipped and broke his leg. As a result, he will have to be away from school for two or three months.

他滑倒之后摔断了腿，不得不休学两个月。

比较： as a result of 表示“由于 ······ 的原因，由 ······ 引起的”

Sentence Study

The party tonight is beautiful as a result of you． 今天的晚会因你而美丽。

Meanwhile other events had occurred as a result of this war.

因这场战争引起的其他事情也随之发生。

1. 1. As a resultAs a result, people from one culture often , people from one culture often think the foods that people from another think the foods that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. ((Line Line 22))

Sentence Study

因此，来自一种文化的人常常会认为来自另一种文化的人所吃的一些食物是难以忍受或令人作呕的。

22. . For example, broccoli For example, broccoli is first on a list ofis first on a list of the most nutritiothe most nutritious common vegetables, but it is twenty-first on a list of us common vegetables, but it is twenty-first on a list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat.vegetables that Americans like most to eat. (Line 12)(Line 12)

Sentence Study

be first/second on a list of…be first/second on a list of…

在在 ············ 名单中名列第一名单中名列第一 // 二二

Sentence Study

You are always first on the list of things that I need most.

你总是我最需要的时候想到的第一人。 Who is first on the list of pop stars this week? The list changes faster than you can imagine.

——谁是本周流行榜第一？

—— 流行榜的变化，快得让你难以想象。

22. . For example, broccoli For example, broccoli is first on a list ofis first on a list of the most the most nutritious common vegetables, but it is twenty-fnutritious common vegetables, but it is twenty-first on a list of vegetables that Americans like mirst on a list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat.ost to eat. (Line 12)(Line 12)

Sentence Study

例如，花椰菜在营养最丰富的常见蔬菜中排名第一，但它在美国人最喜欢的蔬菜中名列第二十一。

3. 3. Thieves will not usually enter a house Thieves will not usually enter a house wherewhere there is a dog there is a dog becausebecause the dog will bark and the dog will bark and possibly attack a stranger possibly attack a stranger whowho is trying to get is trying to get into a house.into a house. (Line 43)(Line 43)

Sentence Study

where there is a dog where there is a dog 是定语从句，修饰是定语从句，修饰 a housea house, , 关系副词关系副词 where where 在定语从句中作状语；在定语从句中作状语；becausebecause 引导的是原因状语从句，说明引导的是原因状语从句，说明 Thieves will Thieves will not usually enter a house not usually enter a house 的原因；的原因；who is trying to get into a housewho is trying to get into a house 是定语从句，修是定语从句，修饰先行词饰先行词 a strangera stranger 。 。

完成下面的句子。

Sentence Study

They generally go to places ________ the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful.

A) there B) when C) which D) where

3. 3. Thieves will not usually enter a Thieves will not usually enter a house house wherewhere there is a dog there is a dog becausebecause the dog will bark and possibly the dog will bark and possibly attack a stranger attack a stranger whowho is trying to is trying to get into a house.get into a house. (Line 43)(Line 43)

Sentence Study

盗贼一般不进入有狗的住宅，因为狗会吠叫，而且可能会袭击试图进入屋子的陌生人。

44. . There is some There is some evidence thatevidence that some ancient Egyptians did some ancient Egyptians did not eat pork.not eat pork. (Line (Line 4747))

Sentence Study

thatthat 引导的是同位语从句引导的是同位语从句，对与之同位的名，对与之同位的名词作进一步的解释，同位语从句一般只由词作进一步的解释，同位语从句一般只由thatthat 引导引导 , , 常用在常用在 idea, fact, concept, doubidea, fact, concept, doub

t, t, news, belief, hope, evidence, explanation,news, belief, hope, evidence, explanation, opinion, plan, proposal, sign, suggestion, opinion, plan, proposal, sign, suggestion, truth, theory, thoughttruth, theory, thought 等抽象名词后。等抽象名词后。

Sentence Study

完成下面的句子。There are signs ______ restaurant are becoming more popular with families.

A) that B) which C) in which D) whose

Sentence Study

44. . There is some There is some evidence thatevidence that some ancient Egyptians did some ancient Egyptians did not eat pork.not eat pork. (Line 3(Line 399))

有迹象表明一些古埃及人不食猪肉。

1. appropriate (Line 7, Para. 1) adj. correct or suitable for a particular time, situation, or purpose 适当的 , 恰当的

Words & Phrases

应该在应该在适当的适当的时间公布事情的真相。时间公布事情的真相。The truth of the matter should be released at an The truth of the matter should be released at an appropriateappropriate time. time.

It is reported that the President’s speech to the black voters __________________________________.（非常符合时宜） was quite appropriate for/to the occasion

vt. 1) put on one side for a special purpose 拨款用做某种特殊用途

Words & Phrases

学校准备为那项研究计划学校准备为那项研究计划拨款拨款。。Our school was prepared to appropriate money for that research program.

vt. 2) take and use as one’s own 占用，侵吞；盗用，挪用 你不应该剽窃他的创意。 You should not appropriate his originality.

2. nutrition (Line 12, Para. 3) n. the process of supplying and receiving nourishment; the science of food values 营养（作用）；营养学

Words & Phrases

今天的人们越来越关注食品的今天的人们越来越关注食品的营养营养与保健与保健功能。功能。

Today’s people pay more and more attention to the nutrition and health care of food.

形容词形式： nutritious adj. nourishing; having high value as food 营养的；多滋养的

Words & Phrases

_________________ of that brand moved off recently. _________________ of that brand moved off recently.

那个品牌的那个品牌的营养食品营养食品十分畅销。十分畅销。 The nutritious foodsThe nutritious foods

nutritive adj. serving as food; of nutrition 用作食物的；营养的

Words & Phrases

Biologists of that laboratory are researching __________ Biologists of that laboratory are researching __________ ______ of agarics.______ of agarics.那个实验室的生物学家们正在研究木耳的营养价值。

the nutritive the nutritive valuesvalues

名词派生词： nutritionist 营养学家

3. protection (Line 42, Para. 5) n. the act of protecting from harm or being kept from harm 保护 动词形式 : protect vt. keep safe (from danger, enemies; against attack) 保护（常与介词 from 或 against 连用）

Words & Phrases

他的风衣他的风衣 (dustcoat)(dustcoat) 能够很好地为他能够很好地为他挡雨挡雨。。

His dustcoat provided him with good protection against rain.

Words & Phrases

That newly-upgraded virus-killing software gave her computer _____________________________________________. 那款新升级的杀毒软件可以很好地保护她的电脑不受各种电脑病毒的攻击。

strong protection against all kindsof computer viruses

4. apparently (Line 45, Para. 5) adv. obviously, evidently, seemingly 显然，看来

Words & Phrases

ApparentlyApparently, the email services are still , the email services are still the most important function of the Internet.the most important function of the Internet.很明显，电子邮件服务仍然是因特网的最主要功能。

That woman ____________________ when she heard the news that her son had already been set free by the kidnappers. 很明显，当听到绑匪已经释放了自己儿子的消息后，那位妇女感到如释重负。

was apparently relieved

形容词形式： apparentadj. clearly seen or understood明显的； 显而易见的；明白的

Words & Phrases

_________________ the US government knew nothing about its Chinese counterpart’s efforts on the protection of the Intellectual Property Right (IPR).很明显，美国政府对于中国政府在保护知识产权方面的努力知之甚少。

It was apparent that

5. occur (Line 47, Para. 6) vi. 1) take place; happen 发生

Words & Phrases

那起谋杀案是什么时候那起谋杀案是什么时候发生发生的？的？

When did that murder occur?

不要让这种错误再次不要让这种错误再次发生发生。。

Don’t let the mistake occur again.

2) (with to) come into one’s mind （与 to 连用） 想起；想到

Words & Phrases

哈利 哈利 · · 波特很快波特很快想到想到了一个新的主意。了一个新的主意。

Instantly a new idea occurred to Harry Potter.

我从未我从未想到想到他竟反对得如此厉害。他竟反对得如此厉害。

That he should have some deep personal objection had never occurred to me.

1. Preparing food

2. Our eating habits

Part III Further Development

Directions: You arrive late at a friend’s holiday house. All the shops are shut and you would like to make a nice meal for yourself and the person you are with. You are both hungry. You look in the cupboard and in the fridge and besides the basics such as salt, pepper, spices ( 用于调味的香料 ), oil and sugar, you find:

1. Preparing Food

1. Preparing Food

a few onions and tomatoes one chicken leg a tin of tuna ( 金枪鱼 ) a jar of strawberry jam a tin of pineapple a packet of rice a tin of yogurt ( 酸乳酪，酸奶 ) four potatoes a tin of dried milk a tin of baked beans six eggs five apples

Words for Ingredients in Foods:

1. Preparing Food

cooking wine ( 料酒 ) soy-sauce ( 酱油 )vinegar ( 醋 ) sesame oil ( 香油 )ginger ( 姜 )gourmet powder ( 味精 )salt ( 盐 )mustard ( 芥末 )pepper ( 胡椒 )

1. Preparing Food

Task One Directions ： Work in pairs

to plan a meal for two which uses as many of the ingredients as possible. When you are ready, tell the class what you intend to make and be prepared to explain how to make any of the dishes if necessary.

sample:

1. Preparing Food

Rice, tomato soup with eggs, some pineapples, roast chicken leg, baked beans, some apples.

Rice, onion with eggs (fried), tomato slices with sugar, potato crisps, some milk.

Roast potato, fried chicken leg, tuna, tomato soup with eggs, some pineapples.

Six boiled eggs, some milk, baked beans, potato soup, some apples.

Rice, two omelets, some tuna, some pineapples, some yogurt.

Task Two Directions ： When you have heard everyone’s menu,

decide as a class which is the best.

1. Preparing Food

2. Our Eating Habits

Task One Directions: Answer the following questions

in the questionnaire.

2. Our Eating Habits

Task Two Directions: Compare your answers

within your group and find out the similarities and differences between the members of your group. Prepare a short report on your group’s eating habits and choose one person in the group to present it to the rest of the class.

2. Our Eating Habits

Similarities:—Spend 10 to 12 hours eating in a normal week.—Eat three meals a day.—Eat a lot of fresh vegetables, fresh meat, biscuits, and chocolates.—Have meals in the students’ cafeterias most of the time.—Don’t cook.—Like fast food.

Differences:—Food likes are different.—Food prepares are different.

1. Translation Skills

2. Writing Practice

Part IV Translation & Writing

Translation Skills

反说正译

英语中一些作反面表达的词、短语甚至句子往往可以从正面表达。

Translation Skills

1. The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations.

虽然他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。（ 动词）2. The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of

cancer.

调查结果清清楚楚说明病人死于癌症。 (短语 )

Translation Skills

3. The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us.

这些事情引起了我们的重视。（句子）

4. Ashurst saw at once that Phil was not all right.

阿什赫斯特很快看到菲尔出了毛病。

（句子）

5. Such behavior couldn’t long escape notice.

这种行为迟早会被发现。（句子）

6. He was not going to lose sight of me.

他一直在监视我的行踪。（句子）

Translation Skills

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Eating Habits of College Students. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.

Writing Practice

1. 饮食方式；

2. 饮食口味；

3. 学生应养成良好的饮食习惯。

Sample Writing

Writing Practice

Eating Habits of College Students

　　 A sharp-eyed visitor will soon notice that on campus different students may have different eating habits. At cafeteria ( 自助餐厅 ) or dorm flat, some watch TV while eating. Some may read a book or magazine at dinner table. Still some may swallow their meals when they read before news stands ( 报栏 ) or head for their dorms or classrooms. Generally speaking, most students eat at school cafeterias, but some students prefer off-campus restaurants.

Sample Writing

Writing Practice

College students have various tastes due to a lot of factors. Those from the North usually like pasta ( 面食 ), such foods as noodles, steamed bread and dumplings are their favorite staple foods ( 主食 ), but those from the South may find rice is their only choice for staple food. Students brought up near the sea prefer seafood, while those from China’s West enjoy beef and lamb. Some students are keen on ( 喜爱 ) meat of all kinds, while others prefer fruits and vegetables.

Sample Writing

Writing Practice

To some students, fast food is a big attraction, so they love going to KFC or MacDonald’s. Apart from geographical and personal reasons, food likes and dislikes vary from one student to another.　　 It is very essential for students to develop healthy eating habits because proper eating habits benefit students’ health in the long run. Here are some tips. Firstly, they ought to learn to enjoy nutritious ( 有营养的 ) food, and try not to be particular about certain food items. Secondly, they should have regular meals and are not supposed to skip ( 漏掉 ) breakfast or eat brunch ( 早午餐 ) on weekends.

Sample Writing

Writing Practice

Thirdly, they had better eat less junk food ( 无营养食品 ) and not dine in rush. Students need to keep a balanced diet and maintain regular eating habits. Remember the English proverb: you are what you eat.