NGHIN CU CI TIN QUY TRNH SN XUT CHAO VIT NAM

TNG QUAN V CHAONguyn liu Sn xut chao

NGUYN LIUGii thiu

Gi tr dinh dng ca u nnhCarbohydrate 22-35.5% Lipide6,4-15,1% acid bo no ( acid stearic, acid archidonic) v 8093,6% acid bo khng no ( acid enoleic, acid oleic)

Cht troVitamine

P2O5 , K 2O, CaO, SO3Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, A.folic

Protein v thnh phn acid amin

GII THIU U PHHm lng nc 68-72% pH= 6-6.5

khng cha vi sinh vt tp v vi sinh vt k kh

Thnh phn dinh dng Calories (gm) Protein (gm)

u ph cng 120 13

u ph mm (Vit Nam) 86 9

u ph la (Nht) 72 9,6

Carbohydrate (gm)Cht bo (gm) Cht bo no (gm) Cholesterol Natri (mg) Cht x (gm) Canxi (mg) St (mg)

36 1 0 9 1 120 8

25 1 0 8 130 7

3,22,4 0 30 40 1

Quy trnh sn xut u phau nanhLam sach bang nc Lam kho Xay kho hoac nghien kho Bot au

Phng php xay kh

NcRa ba Ly tam Ba Thc an gia suc

Ngam

Dd NaOH

Ba

Ly tam

Sa au

un soi Ket tua

Nc

Ep tho

Hoa au Ep au phu

u Dananh au nanh Nc

Loai bo tap chat Ngam ai vo Na2CO3

Xay tChat pha bot Dch sa au tho Loc tho Ba

NcNa2CO3 Ra ba Nc Ba Loc Ba Thc an gia suc

Phng php xay t

Dch sa Loc tinh Sa au un soi Ket tua Ep tho Hoa au

Nc Ep Bnh au phu

SN XUT CHAO Gii thiu

Phn loi

ng dng

C ch ca sn xut chaoBn cht ca qu trnh to thnh chao l do h enzyme c trong vi sinh vt pht trin trn bnh chao c vai tr lm xc tc cho qu trnh thy phn: Protid ca u nnh cc peptid v cc axit amin Cacbonhydrat ng n( chao c v ngt) Lipid cc axit bo nh acid stearic, acid linoleic, acid panmitic Cc hp cht este thm lm cho chao c hng v c trng hp dn, c v bo ngy, d tiu ha.

Thnh phn ha hc ca chaoThnh phn Cc loi sn phm chao Chao nc Phn ci(%) Phn nc( %) 73-75 2-2.9 0.7-0.85 0.3-0.4 4.5-5 8-8.5 12.5-13 7.5-7.8 2.5-3.0 Chao ci Hm m m ton phn m folmol m amoniac Mui n Cht bo chua Lizin Treonin Valin Triptophan Phenilalanin Izolxin Lxin Methionin 65-70 2.3-2.6 0.8-0.9 0.3-0.4 6.0-6.5 9.0-10.0

6-6.2 110.0-120 mg NaOH 0.1N/100g Cc axit amin khng thay th 2.84-2.9 3.3-3.5 2.8-2.9 1.7-1.75 0.15-0.2 0.4-0.45 1.55-1.6 1.8-1.9 0.4-0.5 -

5.3-5.5 1.5-1.6 2.5-2.7 0.8-0.9 0.4-0.5

Vi sinh vt trong sn xut chaoVic chn ging sn xut chao rt quan trng. Tiu chun i vi mt chng vi sinh vt sn xut chao nh sau: Khun ty th ca nm phi trn, bng, c mu trng hoc mu hi vng chao sn xut ra c mu c trng.

Cu trc ca si nm phi cht, dy, to mt lp mng vng chc trn mt bnh u gi c hnh dng ban u. Khng to ra mi v kh chu do nm b nhim. To c enzyme c tnh thy phn m cao.

Wai (1929) phn lp c mt loi mc thuc dng Mucor, v ng t tn l Mucor sufu (mc chao). ng tin rng mc ny do ngun gc rm r m ra, v ngi ta thng dng rm r chao.

Vit Nam, Actinomucor elegant l loi nm mc c s dng rng ri nht v l mt trong nhng loi tt nht cho vic sn xut chao. Ngoi ra cn c cc loi M. hiemalis, M. silvaticus, M. praini.

Trung Quc, i Loan v mt s nc c sn xut chao, o Ging Actinomucor taiwanensis oGing Rhizopus oligosporus

u nnh Ngm nc

Quy trnh lm chao c truyn

Xay nhuyn Lc un si Dch sa u ng t Hoa u Ct ming Thanh trng Ln mc chao chn Dch mn

Sn phm

T VN Chao Vit Nam l sn phm truyn thng, thng s dng phng php truyn thng trong sn xut nn c nhng khuyt im nh sau: Sn xut ch t mc quy m nh, hp tc x, h gia nh

Sn xut bng cc ging vi sinh vt khng xc nh c trong rm r(dng chao) gy cc m chao khng ng nht, sn phm b ng, h hng do nhim. Cc ging vi sinh vt c mua dng sn xut khng kim tra c cht lng

V vi sinh vt Actinomucor elegant vi c tnh khng chiu nhit gy kh khn cho vic sn xut quy m cng nghip Actinomucor taiwanensis: sn phm chao c c c mi v khc l hn so vi chao Vit Nam Rhizopus oligosporus: sn phm chao s c mu xm, nh hng cm quan.

Ci tin chao Vit Nam bng cch S dng phng php ti t hp to chng Actinomucor elegant ci tin v ng dng vo sn xut chao vi quy m cng nghip.

To chng nm mc chu c nhit cao thch hp vi quy m cng nghip.

Phng php ny nhm mc ch:

Quy trnh sn xut cng nghip khp kn cho sn phm chao v t ng nht cho cc sn phm. a sn phm chao tr thnh thc phm c gi tr, an ton i vi ngi s dng

PHNG PHP CI TINPhng php ti t hp Sn xut chao theo phng php cng nghip

Phng php ti t hpThu nhn gen Vector chuyn gen Bin np DNA ti t hp vo t bo Chn lc S biu hin ca gen

Sn xut chao theo phng php cng nghipQuy trnh sn xut cng nghip gm 4 bc: 1.Chun b u ph lm chao 2.Chun b pehtze( u ph ang trong giai on mc) 3.p mui 4. chn

Phng php nui mcChun b mc s dng trong chao qua 3 bc: B1: Mc ging trong thch nghing B2: Sn xut mc trung gian trong cc hp nhm B3: Sn xut bt bo t nm mc t mc trung gian

Thi im thu nhn mcMc t cht lng khi: Khun ty mc dy, c mu trng xm di khun ty 2cm Lng enzyme sinh ra cao nht( protease, lipid, glutaminase..) Thi gian mc : 36-48h

Quy trnh sn xut cng nghip

S pht trin ca h vi sinh vt trong qu trnh sn xut chaoGiai on t u h- pehtzeVi vi khun lactic( LAB), 3 B. cereus duy tr enterobacteriacea v nmmc 10 CFU/g pht trin mnh. Tng s vi khun hiu kh khun(TMAB) v bo t u gim B.cereus, cn 106 CFU/g

LAB gim xung cn di 102 CFU/g nhng tng ln 109 CFU/g trong chao 5% mui.

Giai on mui ca pehtze:

Enterobacteriacea v nm mc gim xung ti mc khng cn pht hin c sau 20-30 ngy ca qu trnh chn.

Nng mui 8-12% : tt c vi sinh vt u gim

Yu t nh hng n cht lng chao Mui S thy phn Phng php bo qun nh hng ca cc peptid

Mt s h hng trong sn xut chaoHin tng chao b ng Do ln men Do nhim vi khun gy v ng Do acid amin C mi kh chu B nhim mc u en Khi ra mc cn non hoc qu tt Bnh u p cn m qu cao

Tiu chun ca ChaoYu cu thnh phm:t yu cu v : cu trc axit amin cm quan vi sinh Bnh chao c mu vng nht, mi v c trng. Hm lng nc t 67-70%, lipit 8-9%, mui 5,86%, pH t 5,9-6,1 ( sau 80 ngy).

Ch tiu cm quanCh tiu 1. Hnh dng v mu sc ming chao Yu cu Nguyn vn, khn b cnh, gc, khng r nt. Mu vng ng c trng, khng thm

en hoc c mu l khc.2. trong v mu sc ming chao Nc chao khng qu c. Mu sc c trng. 3. Mi Thm c trng v hi chua. Khng ng thi hoc c mi kh chu. 4. V Thm, bo v chua c trng, mn va. Khng ng tanh v c v khc. 5. Tp cht Khng tp cht (mnh g, t, ct,)

Ch tiu l haCh tiu 1. Hm lng cht kh (% chao) 17 - 28 Mc

2. Protid (Nit * 6.25) (% cht kh)30 - 50 3. m thi chuyn ra NH3 (% cht

kh)4. Cht bo trch c vi ete (% cht kh) 5. Mui n (NaCl) (% cht kh)

2

19 - 23

26 - 47 6. Hm lng acid ca nc 2- 3

chao(chuyn ra CH3COOH) (% nc chao)

Ch tiu vi sinh vtVi sinh vt 1. Tng s Coliform trong 1g chao (khng ln hn) 2. Escherichia coli (E.coli) 3. Cl.perfringens Gii hn cho php trong 1g hay 1ml 10 0 10 10

4. Staphylococcus aureus5. Streptococcus 6. Tng s vi khun hiu kh 7. Samonella

05 * 103 0

KT LUN V KIN NGHKt lunXy dng c quy trnh cng ngh sn xut chao trong cng nghip

Nghin cu thnh cng chng Actinomucor Elegant chu nhit.

Rt ngn thi gian ln men, tit kim chi ph.

Nng cao nng sut v cht lng sn phm chao.

Kin ngh Tm ra loi nm mc phn hy protein nhanh v mnh, ng thi to hng v cho chao. Kt hp gia nm mc v enzyme Alcalase trong sn xut chao gim v ng trong chao. Nghin cu v phn lp mt s vi sinh vt c trong chao c nh hng n hng v c bit ca chao. Hng pht trin chao thnh mt sn phm chc nng dnh cho ngi cao huyt p

CHN THNH CM N THY V CC BN CH LNG NGHE