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Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
1
Nội dung bao gồm:
1. Câu bị động ………………………………………..………………2
2. Đại từ……………………………………………………………….9
3. Mệnh đề quan hệ …………………………………………………13
4. So sánh tính từ và trạng từ………………………………..………18
5. Cấu trúc giả định………………………………………………….25
6. Giới từ……………………………………………….……………34
7. Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ……………………………..48
8. Các thì…………………………………………………………… 53
9. Số lƣợng…………………………………………………………..60
10. Trợ động từ ………………………………………………………63
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
2
1.CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
I. CẤU TRÚC BỊ ĐỘNG
hiện tại đơn is/am/are + V3/ED
quá khứ đơn was/were + V3/ED
hiện tại tiếp diễn is/am/are + being + V3/ed
quá khứ tiếp diễn was/were + being + V3/ed
hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + been + V3/ed
quá khứ hoàn thành had + been + V3/ed
can/could/will/would/must can/could/will/would/must + be + V3/ed
have to/used to/be going to have to/used to/be going to + be + V3/ed
EX: Tim buy the book.
The book is bought by Tim.
II. Một số dạng câu bị động đặc biệt
1. Những cấu trúc bị động không đƣợc sử dụng với giới từ “by” Be disappointed
Be frightened + at
Be surprised
Ex: He was disappointed at breach of contract.
Be engaged
Be interested + in
Be involved
Ex:
Be composed
Be tired + of
Ex: Our team is composed of the best employees in our company
Be committed
Be married
Be dedicated + to
Be made
Be expected
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
3
Ex: Weve are supposed to hold one 45 minutes meeting once a month.
Be bored
Be covered
Be confused
Be faced
Be filled
Be satisfied + with
Be (pre)occupied
Be pleased
Ex: They were preoccupied with the provisions in contract.
Her eyes is suddenly filled with tears.
The sails were filled with the wind.
2. Động từ have
S + have + O ( người) + V1 + O (vật)
S + have + O (vật) + V3 + BY O (ngƣời)
She has Tom (wash) her car.
She has her car (wash) by Tom.
3. Động từ cảm giác (perceptual verbs): see, watch, hear, observe,…..
S + V + O + V1/Ving
S + be + p.p + to V1 + by O
Ving
My mother saw the children swimming on the water.
The children were seen swimming in the lake.
They saw the thief steal my purse.
The thief was seen to steal my purse.
PHÂN BIỆT CHỦ ĐỘNG VÀ BỊ ĐỘNG
1. The children from High School will be……..candy for their annual trip to
Paris.
a. sell
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
4
b. sold
c. selling
d. have sold
2. His mother was………….him to bring a present.
a. allowing
b. allowed
c. to allow
d. being allow
3. Because this is a sold-out performance, all attendees are……….. to arrive
one hour.
a. requested
b. requesting
c. be requested
d. being requested
4. She ……….by him because she didn’t work effectively.
a. would not be asked
b. would be not asked
c. would ask
5. Tom has she …….. the brochure.
a. revised
b. revise
c. revising
d. to revise
6. They ……… the specialist look after their health, today.
a. had
b. have
c. stay
d. remain
7. The customers had the company ……. money when their products
defected.
a. predicting
b. reminding
c. refunded
d. refund
8. She …. cook in the kitchen.
a. was made to
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
5
b. was made by
c. made
d. make
9. She ………...sing this song.
a. is expected to
b. expected
c. expect
d. expects
10. The executives...……..with the presentation.
a. was satisfied
b. were satisfied
c. satisfied
d. satisfing
11. ……… flowers, the room seems more beautifully.
a. covered with
b. covering
c. to cover
d. to have covered
12. They……..a new-member discount.
a. can be received
b. can received
c. can receive
d. can be not received
13. He …….for a promotion.
a. considers
b. has been considering
c. has considered
d. is being considered
14. Peter Kerensky…………from sale staff to assistant.
a. was promoted
b. was promoting
c. promoted
d. has promoted
15. So far, that terms ……..by committee, so he can not reach his purpose.
a. accepted
b. accepting
c. have not been accepted
d. have not accepted
16. Attendance records must….. to the director by next Thursday.
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
6
a. be submit
b. submitted
c. be submitted
d. submission
17. The company will……. current staff by 10%.
a. reduce
b. be reduced
c. reduced
d. reduction
18. The company’s travel budge has…….significant.
a. reducing
b. reduce
c. been reduced
d. reduced
19. A survey of mobile phone use…..…the company.
a. was conducted with
b. was conducted by
c. were conducting
d. conducted
20. The job has already been…….. by her.
a. finished
b. finishing
c. finish
d. to finish
21. The outstanding balance of value customer must………..by next month.
a. pay
b. paid
c. is paid
d. be paid
22. The meeting ……..on March 1, 2006 on Lion street.
a. hold
b. was held
c. has been held
d. holding
23. Please………..the windows closed.
a. remain
b. became
c. let
d. keep
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
7
24. Interested applicants should…………a impressing resumé and cover
letter to Mr. Pike by next Monday.
a. submit
b. be submitted
c. submitted
d. be submitting
25. They are………… application within 7 days.
a. accepted
b. accepting
c. being accepted
d. to accept
e.
26. They will not be………. Financial statements.
a. issued
b. issuing
c. having issued
d. to issue
27. To apply for the position, all the requested information should be
………to the address below.
a. sending
b. send
c. sent
d. sender
28. All customers who apply and ………….for a Baltigone Furniture Card
will receive free home delivery for all their purchases.
a. are approved
b. is approving
c. approved
d. approving
29. Due to the rivising cost of materials, Hirosue Manufacturing will
be………….on ak of its products.
a. increased
b. increasing
c. increase
d. increasive
30. All visitors to Croke County Hospital are…………..to register at the
reception if they wish too see patients.
a. require
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
8
b. requiring
c. required
d. been required
31. This marketing position ……………at least two years of experience in a
related field.
a. required
b. requiring
c. requires
d. requiriment
32. Trans Allantitc Inc. tour guides are………….to be the most
knowledgeable and friendly in the tourist industry.
a. considered
b. considering
c. consideration
d. consider
33. The Palmdale Resort is……………complimentary massage to guests who
stay for more than two rights.
a. offered
b. offering
c. offer
d. be offer
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
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2.ĐẠI TỪ
ĐẠI TỪ
NHÂN XƯNG
TÍNH TỪ SỞ
HỮU
ĐẠI TỪ SỞ HỮU
TÚC
TỪ
ĐẠI TỪ PHẢN
THÂN
I
We
They
You
He
She
It
my
our
their
your
his
her
its
mine
ours
theirs
yours
his
hers
its
me
us
them
you
him
her
it
myself
ourselves
themselves
yourself/yourselves
himself
herself
itself
Làm chủ ngữ.
S+V+O, S + V
That is Mr. Jack, he
is a effective
manager.
TTSH + N
My hair is
long.
ĐTSH = TTSH + N
Ex: My hair is
longer than
hers (=her hair)
Túc từ: Làm tân ngữ
Ex: Do you often contact him?
Đại từ phản thân:
1. S + V + oneself
Ex: She carries out herself this job.
2. S + oneself + V : dùng để nhấn mạnh
Ex: She herself carries out this job.
3. By oneself = alone = on one’s own : một mình
She carries out this job by herself.
1. I go for a walk by……….
a. myself
b. himself
c. me
d. him
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
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2. He requests the secretary made a appointment for….... on Monday morning.
a. him
b. himself
c. her
d. me
3. To make the staff questionnaire more effective, all company employees should fill
in the answers by……….
a. himself
b. theirself
c. themselves
d. theirselves
4. Joe Jefferson, the purchasing manager, will contact each supplier…………to
negotiate shipping prices.
a. himself
b. itself
c. themselves
d. him
5. This publication is mainly recommended to……….considering a move to an
independent consulting career.
a. their
b. yourself
c. anyone
d. it
6. With………new line of cars and reduced prices, GQ Motors is now once again the
nation’s number one automotive company.
a. its
b. itself
c. them
d. they
7. The employees waited patiently during the momentary suspension
of………..computer accounts and security passwwords.
a. them
b. their
c. theirs
d. themselve
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
11
8. Since Satun’s employees frequently travel, the president wants a system that
forwards calls to them as…………travel to any of the offices in Europe.
a. they
b. them
c. he
d. him
9. Because many of the warehouse workers were out sick today, Mr.Miller had to
stock the goods on the shelves………..
a. itself
b. himself
c. herself
d. him
10. If the task is too complicated to figure out on………..own, please don’t hesitate
to ask one of our representatives, who are here to help.
a. you
b. your
c. yours
d. yourself
11. After Ms.Johnes receives all the customer evaluation forms, she will begin
carefully reviewing……
a. herself
b. her
c. them
d. it
12. At this year’s orientation session, the general manager………..took the time to
personally welcome all new recruits in her usual, affable manner.
a. herself
b. she
c. her
d. herselves
13. A extra customer service training session will be help before work tommorrow
morning for……who were absent from Friday’s seminar.
a. these
b. those
c. that
d. him
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
12
14. It seems that laborers in underdeveloped countries would rather have their
children help………..at work than enroll them in school.
a. they
b. them
c. themselves
d. itself
15. After Jones receives all the customers evaluation forms, she will begin carefully
reviewing……..
a. them
b. theirs
c. himself
d. it
16. Please inform Mr. Geoffrey that we couldn’t possibly thank……..enough for his
excellent work in negotiation the new sales contract.
a. him
b. himself
c. themselves
d. them
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
13
3.MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ I. MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
1. WHO: đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, đứng sau danh từ chỉ người, chức năng làm
chủ ngữ.
Ex: He was a scientist. He received The Nobel Rize.
He who received The Nobel Rize was a scientist.
2. WHOM: đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, đứng sau danh từ chỉ ngƣời, chức năng làm
tân ngữ.
Ex: He was a my friend. I met him a year ago.
He whom I met a year ago was a my friend.
3. WHICH: đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật, chức năng làm chủ ngữ
hoặc tân ngữ.
Ex: The book is interesting. She bought it yesterday.
The book which she bought yesterday is interesting.
He often helps everyone, which makes him become friendly.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
4. THAT: thay cho Who/Whom/Which.
Dùng That: - Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (the, this, these, those, his, her…
- Luôn dùng “ that” sau: all, everything, something, anything, little,
much, none và so sánh nhất.
KHÔNG DÙNG THAT: sau dấu phẩy “,”
5. WHOSE: đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu, thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ,
đứng sau danh từ chủ sở hữu.
Ex: I will introduce you to the man. His knowledge is necessary for your project.
I will introduce you to the man whose knowledge is necessary for your project.
6. WHEN: đứng sau danh từ chỉ thời gian.
Ex: Thurdays is the day when she meet her father.
at/on/in which, then when
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
14
7. Where: đứng sau danh từ chỉ nơi chốn.
Ex: Paris is the place where I want to come.
at/in/to which, there where
8. WHY: đứng sau “the reason” chỉ lí do.
That is the reason why she tries to work hard.
II. GIỚI TỪ TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
The teacher whom we studies with a month is Mr. Rock.
……………………………………………………………
WHOM
Giới từ +
WHICH
Nếu giới từ đứng cuối mệnh đề quan hệ thuộc một cụm động từ thì không đem
giới từ ra trƣớc whom, which.
Ex: That is the hat which he is looking for.
III. RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
A. DẠNG CHỦ ĐỘNG : Ving
1. The man who is playing tennis with her is a actress.
The man playing tennis with her is a actress.
2. The customers who complainted about service should see the manager.
………………………………………………………………………….
B. DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG: V3/ed
1. The automatic system which is created by Mr. Sidney is good pratice.
The automatic system created by Mr. Sidney is good pratice.
2. She who was interviewed a days ago was entirely suitable.
…………………………………………………………………………..
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
15
EXERCISES
1. The house (paint) in white is where he lives.
2. Tom lives in a building (have) twenty storeys.
3. He (invite) to her birthday is teacher.
4. My friend,Jack,(that, who, whose) parents live in Glasgow, invited me to
spend Christmas in Scotland.
5. This is the gun with (that, whom, which) the murder was committed.
6. The meal,(that, which, whose) wasn’t very tasty, was expensive.
7. She gives her children everything (that, what, who) they want.
8. Tell me (what, that, which) you want and I’ll have you.
9. He teaches me (how/where/what/when) to play the guitar
10. (What/Which/Who/That) he have to do before receives this job.
11. He ask her (what,when,which,that) he should do it.
12. The reason (why, that, what) I phoned him was to invite him to party
13. I don’t like people (who, whom, whose) never stops talking.
14. I don’t believe the story (that, who, whom) she told us.
15. I live in Vietnam (in which/whom/that) I was born.
16. The mother teach me (how/what/where) to cook the food.
17. ………he ask for information, we will be happy to help you with all our
heart.
a. Whenever
b. Where
c. Who
d. Whatever
18. …………you send the package, just make sure it gets there before noon
tomorrow.
a. Wherever
b. Whenever
c. How
d. What
19. Roaming service makes it possible to use your mobile phone……..you go
in France, America, China.
a. what
b. whatever
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
16
c. wherever
d. whomever
20. At certain shops in populous areas, they sell imitation bags and shoes,….is
illegal.
a. which
b. where
c. but
d. who
21. …….interested in the film can contact me, if you want to get a free ticket to
the festival.
a. Whoever
b. Someone
c. Anyone
d. One
22. Any person……was involved in this case is advised to consult a lawyer.
a. who
b. whoever
c. whom
d. she
23. The latest company report indicates…………lower profitability is likely
over the next quarter due to the increased cost of resources.
a. which
b. that
c. when
d. why
24. ……does not want to receive mailing services may call our Customer
Service Center at a toll-free number.
a. Anyone
b. Some
c. Whoever
d. None
25. A Grandeur spokesperson also stated that ample parking space is
available,………an underground facility.
a. what includes
b. which includes
c. where include
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
17
d. who includes
26. This intimate event,………..at a luxurious resort in LA, is a gathering of
the industry’s most influential “thought leaders”.
a. located
b. locating
c. location
d. locate
27. We are a business strategy consulting firm……….the top management of
leading corporations.
a. served
b. serving
c. serve
d. are serving
28. The head of the IT Hepartment called a meeting…………the company’s
new electronic security guidelines.
a. introducing
b. introduced
c. introduction
d. to introduce
29. Any person………to donate money to non-profit organizations is supposed
to complete a document afterward.
a. wished
b. wishing
c. to wish
d. wish
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
18
4.SO SÁNH TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ I. So sánh bằng
1. Tính từ
S + Linking Verbs + as + ADJ + as + S2
Ex: This printer is as effective as that one.
That bedroom is twice as heavy as the one.
2. Trạng từ
S1 + V + as + adv + as + S2
Ex: Fill out this form as quickly as possible
2. Danh từ
S1 + as + many/few + noun + as
much/little
Ex: He has as many books as she does.
II. So sánh không bằng
tính từ
S1 + Linking Verbs + not + as + adj
+ as + S2
Ex: This inflation rate this year is not as
high as last year
trạng từ
S1 + V + not + as + adv + as
+S2
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
19
II. So sánh hơn
1. Tính từ và trạng từ:
S1 + V + ADJ/ADV (ngắn) + ER + THAN + S2
MORE + ADJ/ADV (dài) + THAN + S2
Nhấn mạnh: THÊM FAR/ MUCH
S1 + V + far/much + ADJ/ADV (ngắn) + ER + THAN + S2
far/much + more/less +ADJ/ADV (dài) + THAN + S2
Ex: My book is far thicker than yours.
His car is far more expensive than mine.
2. Danh từ:
S + V + more/fewer/less/ + noun + than
Ex: He has less money than she has.
IV. SO SÁNH KÉP
1. càng........càng
The + SSH + S + V, The + SSH + S + V
Ex: The higher the sun ries, the warrner the weather is.
The more difficult the test is, the bader the mark is.
2. càng ngày càng
. adj/adv (ngắn)
Ex: This tree is higher and higher.
. adj/adv (dài)
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
20
She becomes more and more beautiful.
V. SO SÁNH NHẤT
adj/adv (ngắn) + est
S + V + THE most + adj/adv (dài) + S2
least + adj/adv (dài)
Ex: He is the tallest in this class.
Bảng so sánh tính từ, trạng từ bất quy tắc
Adj So sánh hơn So sánh nhất
good/well better best
bad worse worst
little (amount) less least
little (size) smaller smallest
much / many more most
far (place + time) further furthest
far (place) farther farthest
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
21
late (time) later latest
near (place) nearer nearest
old (people and things) older/elder oldest/eldest
1. She works as……….money as he do.
a. much
b. many
c. little
d. a & c is correct
2. He has as………..book as she do.
a. few
b. many
c. much
d. a & b is correct
3. She doesn’t have………..experince as he does.
a. as much
b. as many
c. many
d. too many
4. Let me show you a……………way to print out that report.
a. more better
b. best
c. better
d. the best
5. His dog is……….of the two.
a. the prettier
b. prettiest
c. the prettiest
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
22
d. prettiest
6. Between them, she is……
a. the bigger
b. bigger
c. the biggest
d. biggest
7. His resignation happened at the……………possible time.
a. most
b. worst
c. worse
d. terrible
8. The Springborg Hotel chain’s attention to detail and business-friendly pricing
structure make our hotels……….to any others in the mid-priced hotel bracket.
a. better
b. most
c. superior
d. advanced
9. One of the…………moments of my life was the moment that I saw the – face of
my new-born daughter for the first time.
a. great
b. greatest
c. greater
d. greatly
10. The budget cut made our project…………more difficult.
a. many
b. very
c. so
d. even
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
23
11. Customers who join the Tracey Department Store Membership Club can get as
much……..20 percent off on all items in stock.
a. than
b. as
c. for
d. with
12. Located near Kaitaia on the east coast of the North Island, 90 Mile Beach is one
of New Zealand’s…………….. tourist sites.
a. most attractive
b. more attractive
c. attractive
d. more attractive than
13. Under a new law, accountants who produce false documents are subject
to…………….penalties than they were a few years ago.
a. harsher
b. harsh
c. harshly
d. harshest.
14. Most employees find it……………and more convenient to go to a printing shop
rather than use the photocopier on the third floor..
a. fast
b. faster
c. fastest
d. fasten
15. Creativity and productivity can be increased if our employees are able to
spend…….time doing repetitive and routine task.
a. less
b. least
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
24
c. lesser
d. lessen
16. The more motivated the workers are, the……….the productivity becomes.
a. high
b. higher
c. most high
d. more higher
17. Our staff prefers to fly than to use other modoes of transportation since it is much
more………..
a. convenient
b. conveniently
c. convenience
d. the convenient
18. You should hand in the sales report to the boss as…………as possible.
a. quick
b. quickly
c. quicker
d. quickest
19. Trade journals reveal that the………computers are popular for good reason.
a. most late
b. most
c. latest
d. most latest
20. According to recent reports, the economic situation is not…..serious as most
anylysist think.
a. very
b. as
c. that
d. too
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
25
5.TRẠNG TỪ VÀ TÍNH TỪ
I. Trạng từ
1. Cách thành lập: Trạng từ đƣợc thành lập bằng cách thêm hậu tố “ LY”
vào sau tính từ.
Ex: currently, effectively, reasonably, properly………………………
2. Đảo ngữ
ADV + TRỢ TỪ + S + V 1 + O.
(never/only/rarely/seldom/hardly/nowhere/not only/under no
circumstances…)
Ex: He not only refused to help me but he also laughed at me.
Not only did he refuse to help…………………………….
Ex: You should not travel alone under any circumstances.
Under no circumstances should you travel alone.
Only twice in the last thirty years……….the company seen such low sales
figures.
a. has
b. does
c. since
d. have
II. Tính từ:
Là những từ tận cùng có đuôi: able, al, ful, nt, tive, ious, tory, ic, ed, ing.
Able: affortable, available, considerable, responsible, eligable
Al: substantial, initial, local
Ful: successful, useful
Tive: effective, competitive, imperative, attractive, successive, consecutive,
Ent: current, apparent, confident, urgent
Ous: dangerous, generous, humorous
BLE: responsible, flexible
Less: careless, harmless
Ly: frinedly, lovely, costly,
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26
Y: rainy, muddy
Ic: economic, specific
Tory: mandatory
Ed: interested, surprised, bored
Ing`: interesting, surprising, boring
Ex: I am interested in this book.
This book is interesting.
That is book interesting.
Everybody was (surprised/surprising) at his successful report.
He is a very (interested/interesting) person.
She studies very fastly. She has made (astonishing/astonished) progress.
It was a really (terrifying/terrified) experience.
late (a/adv): trể
lately (a/adv): gần đây
hard (a/adv): chăm chỉ
hardly (a/adv): hầu nhƣ không
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27
III. Vị trí của trạng từ và tính từ
Tính từ Trạng từ
- Đứng trước danh từ
Ex: The girl have long hair.
- Đứng sau động từ to be, stay,
remain, become, seem, feel,
look, keep, make…
Ex: She is a considerate person.
She becomes confused when
meeting me.
- Đứng trước tính từ
Ex: She finishes quickly difficult job.
- Đứng trước trạng từ
Ex: Mary has fulfilled the work
completely well.
- Đứng sau động từ thường
Ex: He speaks English fluently.
- Nhấn mạnh: trạng từ đứng trước V
thường.
Ex: He always deal with the mail first.
- - Đứng đầu câu
- Ex: Unfortunately, the tickets are
sold out.
- Be/have + adv + V2/ed/ing
Ex: This contract is successfully
signed.
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28
1. The Department of Industrial Relations no longer believes
that……………reiews of employee pay and conditions are necessary.
a. most regularly
b. more regular
c. regularly
d. regular
2. To make………..decisions, all team members will refer to the recent
materials.
a. strategic
b. strateg
c. stratingly
d. stratetation
3. Everybody knows that it is a………… market.
a. complete
b. competitive
c. competitively
d. competition
4. A………number of people attended the conference.
a. consider
b. consideration
c. considerate
d. considerable
5. At Jack’s Kitchen, we sell top-quality knives and cooking equipment at
surprisingly ….…..prices.
a. affordable
b. affordably
c. affordability
d. afford
6. Applicants are advised to fill out an application form concisely to impress
potential emloyees, without being too…….or boring.
a. repeat
b. repeating
c. repetitive
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29
d. repitition
7. The members of the tour group were……….to gather together at the front
entrance of the museum.
a. instruct
b. instructed
c. instructing
d. instruction
8. Although the two automobiles have greatly different prices, they
are………in performance.
a. comparation
b. comparable
c. comparate
d. comparating
9. The Oblack Chamber Orchestra from Belaras will be…………..next
week at the Lilac Theater for one night only.
a. performed
b. performingly
c. performing
d. performance
10. Payment should be…………to the accounting department at Shole Human
Resources-Consulting by September 22 at the latest.
a. remitted
b. remitting
c. remit
d. remittion
11. The members of the tour group were……….to gather together at the front
entrance of the museum.
a. instructing
b. instructed
c. instruction
d. instruct
12. An investigation conducted by a private group indicated that there is
an…………demand for qualified employees in inner-city business.
a. increase
b. increasing
c. increased
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30
d. increasingly
13. The Federal Reserve Bank managed to keep inflation…………throughout
the period that economy was in recession.
a. low
b. lowly
c. lower
d. lowing
14. It remains………….that a merger will increase profitability in the
medium term because of the hight cost redundancy packages.
a. doubt
b. doubtful
c. doubtfully
d. doubted
15. The company will conduct its business in an…….. manner.
a. effective
b. effecting
c. effected
d. effection
16. Despite being a newcomer to the field of ship building, Upgrade
Engineering has achieved…………..results in its first year.
a. enviable
b. enviably
c. enviability
d. Enviablen
17. The weekend program of special activities for handicapped children was a
great success thanhks to those who generously………their time.
a. volunteered
b. volunteering
c. voluntary
d. voluntarily
18. Although he did not perform…………well as a student, he went on to
become one of the most respected scholars in his field.
a. especially
b. especial
c. special
d. specially
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31
19. Please place your luggage in the overhead looker and ensure that the locker
is closed………….
a. secure
b. securely
c. security
d. secured
20. Earthquake damage has caused some of the communications network to
shut down…………until essential repairs are carried out.
a. completion
b. completely
c. complaint
d. complaintly
21. She isn’t hard but….. she passes this test.
a. fortunately
b. fortunate
c. fortunating
d. fortunated
22. We have been meeting with them daily since the end of the month
and….signed agreement.
a. besides
b. still
c. further
d. ever
23. That is the place to go for hight – quality and……priced harware and home
renovation equipment.
a. reasonable
b. reasonably
c. reasoned
d. reasoning
24. He describes the harmful effects of mercury, a chemical
substance……….know for its use in toy manufacturing.
a. primary
b. primarily
c. primal
d. primacy
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32
25. Reorganizing the entire department to create an additional work shift
proved not to be as………as some had though.
a. simple
b. simply
c. ensure
d. exceptionally
26. The manager said that all applicants should fill out application………
a. promptly
b. prompt
c. prompting
d. prompted
27. According to the staff rule, the cooking are needs to be cleaned……..every
night before the restaurant closes.
a. thorough
b. thoroughing
c. thoroughed
d. thoroughly
28. Even though the finance executive didn’t personally authorize the illegal
purchase, he is…………..responsible for the actions of everyone on his crew.
a. indirect
b. indirectly
c. indirection
d. indirected
29. Should anyone enter your home without your permission while you are at
work, your homesure security system will……….send you email and cell phone
alerts.
a. automatical
b. automatic
c. automatically
d. automating
30. The manufacturing firm, which had been search for opportunities to
expand its operations, has………acquired a new factory in Newark.
a. finally
b. final
c. finaless
d. to final
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33
31. Cosda is a good mall to frequent, as it is spacious and……located with lots
of free parking.
a. convenient
b. conveniently
c. convenience
d. more convenient
32. You will be routinely asked to undergo a medical exam before beginning
new employment that is known to be………stressful.
a. extreme
b. extremely
c. extremity
d. extremes
33. HRF.Medical supplies is pround to have been chosen for the contract and it
looks forward to a………beneficial business relationship with Gilrest Hospital.
a. mutually
b. mutual
c. more mutual
d. most mutual
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34
6.CẤU TRÚC GIẢ ĐỊNH
A. DÙNG VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ
S1 + V + (that) + S2 + (not) + V1
(ask, require, request, suggest, recommend, decrease, insist, move,
propurse, urge, stipulate)
B. DÙNG VỚI TÍNH TỪ
It + (be) + (that) + S2 + (not) + V1
(essential, vital, necessary, important, mandartory,...........
1. It's essential he.............his term paper by the and of next week.
a. submit
b. submits
c. will submit
d. to submit
2. Although the doctor recommended that he..................to work for the three days, he
went to work today.
a. must not go
b. not go
c. not to go
d. does not go
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35
7.GIỚI TỪ 1. at
- at 9 a..m, at night, at present, at once, at night,……..
- at home/ at the station/at price/ at the the end/………
2. on
- on Monday/ on March 25th
/ on New Year’s Eve
- on TV/ on the second floor/ on N.DU street/ on the market/ on the Internet
3. in
- in 2013
- in March
- in spring
- in the morning
- in the office/ in Paris
EX: He will present at precisely 10 p.m, on October 21th.
4. for: for 5 years/ fỏ a month/
5. during + thời điểm, thời kì ( vacation/ the meeting/the performance…)
6. by + time
Ex: He must submit the applications by Tuesday.
7. into: vào trong
8. with: với
Ex: The secretary will provide us with important documents.
9. under:
Ex: Under these circumtances, she must try harder.
10. of: của, về
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36
Ex: Tom was aware of his action.
11. along: dọc theo
12. behind: phía sau
13. beyond: phía trƣớc
14. between…..and: ở giữa ( so sánh hai đối tƣợng)
15. among: trong số (so sánh hơn hai đối tƣợng)
16. beside: bên cạnh
17. besides: ngoài ra
18. from: từ
19. throughout: + time: xuyên suốt Ex: throughout a year
+ place: khắp nơi Ex: throughout country
20. within……of: trong vòng
Ex:
21. for, to//////for, in
Ex: The train for Hong Kong will leave in 3 minutes.
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37
GIỚI TỪ LIÊN TỪ NGHĨA
Because of, due to,
owning to
Because, since, as, seeing
that, now that
Bởi vì
Despite, in spite of Although, even though,
even if, though
Mặc dù
In order to, so as to So that, in order that Để mà
In the case of: trong
trƣờng hợp
In case: phòng khi
Instead of Bởi vì
According to Theo nhƣ
Moreover, further more Hơn thế nữa
However, nevertheless Tuy nhiên
Therefore, thus, so Vì vậy
Unless, if….not,
otherwise, or
nếu không
While, whereas Trong khi
Meanwhile Trong khi
As if, as though Nhƣ thể, dƣờng nhƣ
Provided, as long as,
providing
Miễn là
Assuming that Giả sử rằng
Not only….but also Không những….mà còn
Both…..and Vừa….vừa
Either….or Hoặc…hoặc
Neitheir…nor Cũng…không
Whether….or (not) Có….không
SINCE + (N.P/ CLAUSE/TIME): bởi vì, kể từ khi
UNTIL + (N.P/CLAUSE/TIME): cho đến khi
ONCE: một khi, đã từng
NGUYÊN TẮC:
- GIỚI TỪ + N.P (despite + N.P)
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38
- KHÔNG GIỚI TỪ + CLAUSE
1. She has lived in New York (within/for/since) last year.
2. I have taught this school (for/since) 2 years.
3. The engineer has been fixing the computer for four hours.
4. She has a meeting with the manager in three hours.
5. Mary will go to Paris (in/for/before/within) ten days.
6. The secretary must forward this document to director (until/by/at/within)
10 p.m.
7. This store is open (until/by/at/within) 11p.m
8. You can get a full refund (within/by/on/for) 30 days of purchase.
9. Her project is likely (to/on/at) sucecessful.
10. A variety (about/of/to) music makes me interested.
11. He apologized to her (for/about/from) late.
12. I retained (to/of/from) my account 10$.
13. We is very happy in honor (of/about/to) organising this banquet.
14. He and I contrary (in/to/at) this problem.
15. She reminded him (of/from/to) register for the annual meeting.
16. It is important (to/about/for) him to conduct this project.
17. Special events scheduled at the resort provide guest (with/for/to) entertainment.
18. She has worked (as/with/of) a professional violinist for over 5 years.
19. He cover letter (for/in/to) his mother.
20. The children insist (in/by/on) that present.
21. John takes advantages (about/of/in) chance to be promoted.
22. The candy based (on/of/to) ancient Chinese traditional medicine.
23. This product will increase (about/of/by) 10% in next year.
24. Rice price cut down (in/on/to).
25. Jack is about (in/to/of) aboard.
26. I think you should complaint (to/about/by) the manager about the bad services.
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39
27. Please explain the current situation (about/on/in) detail.
28. We’’ll recharge the battery for every vehicle that needs it……no extra cost.
a. at
b. by
c. over
d. from
29. If you are interested in buying discounted filght tickets, you must book them at
least six months…….your trip.
a. for
b. former
c. prior to
d. to
30. This carton should be kept………reach of children at all times because it
contains hazardous materials.
a. out of
b. far way
c. without
d. within
31. We are going to receiving a special bonus this month because sales……..the
second quarter reached a record high contract.
a. at
b. in
c. on
d. to
32. Mr.Watanabe will come back to the office on April 2,…..which time he will treat
all inquiries about the new downsizing policy.
a. across
b. at
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40
c. on
d. with
33. A new strategic plan………increasing productivity was introduced at the last
meeting of the board of directors.
a. in
b. by
c. for
a. to
34. Wonjun Choi, chief executive officer of Jun.com, briefed all his staff
members…….the news about the new employee website.
a. on
b. at
c. about
d. for
35. New members……..the health club are eligible for special benefits.
a. on
b. with
c. of
d. for
36. The company succeeded in reducing costs……..investing heavily in technology.
a. by
b. to
c. at
d. for
37. In a desperate move to increase their revenues to meet their sales goal, the
company is planning to offer a special discount……..its customers.
a. by
b. to
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
41
c. with
d. upon
38. The Federal Reserve Bank managed to keep inflation low……the period that the
economy was in recession.
a. throughout
b. among
c. without
d. for
39. All resident of the neighborhood should be cautioned not to use any water
taps………the repair is in progress.
a. during
b. due to
c. while
d. because of
40. …………he has a lot of experience, he was able to get a job easily.
a. Even though
b. Because
c. Due to
d. In spite of
41. They attempted to both enlarge their business……..specialized their services,
which was difficult to do.
a. and
b. or
c. nor
d. unless
42. Due to the renovation of the entire building, one of the highly popular
restaurants, Outveck, will be closed………further notice.
a. prior to
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42
b. before
c. within
d. until
43. According to the packaing date recorded on the carton, the dairy produce nedds
to be consumed on ……before the 16th
of February.
a. but
b. from
c. to
d. or
44. We have been very haappy working here and thank you for your
guidance…….our employment.
a. into
b. before
c. during
d. to
45. We are considering operating the plant as a joint business……..your
company and ours.
b. both
c. either
d. among
e. between
46. …………the 7-day trial period has ended, customers are welcome to return all
equipment for a full refund.
a. Beyond
b. During
c. Between
d. After
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47. Emloyees are not eligble to apply for insurance benefits until they have been
employed…….a period of 30 days.
a. since
b. about
c. for
d. while
48. The research function of the company’s website doesn’t not allow people to
access certain information……entering a user name and passworld first.
a. how
b. what
c. without
d. whenever
49. ……….his public speech on the new taxation plan, the governor answered
nmany question from concerned citizens.
a. During
b. For
c. Without
d. By
50. Most forecasts are predicting that the stromy weather around San Bernadino will
clrear up……..Tuesday at the earliests.
a. between
b. by
c. within
d. until
51. All entries for the price draw to win a fee trip for 4 to Cosmic Planet in Orlando
must be submitted…………..November 23 at the latest.
a. until
b. by
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44
c. for
d. over
52. The discount chain Cut-Price Grocery has over 75 stores in towns and
cities…………California.
a. amid
b. throughout
c. under
d. between
53. The tour of the production facilities in Mexico, which will take lace on Friday
morning, was mistakenly amitted…….the itinerary sent to Ms. Kim.
a. from
b. by
c. for
d. To
54. Customer can receive a 10% discount on any store purchase of 100$ or
less………filling out one of the survey forms.
a. in
b. as
c. with
d. by
55. ……..today’s unprecdictable economy, the law of supply and demand does not
function the same as it once did.
a. on
b. without
c. in
d. to
56. The hightlight of the ceremony was the presentation………..a special award to
world-renowned research er Dr.Townsend.
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45
a. of
b. for
c. from
d. by
57. An adventure story about a mountain climber’s trip to Africa will be
featured…………next month’s issue.
a. with
b. to
c. about
d. in
58. On account of your poor credit rating, we will not ship the merchandise to
you………we have received payment in full.
a. within
b. for
c. by
d. until
59. Gentle Electronics will repair or replace any product that has been damaged so
long as it is still…..warranty.
a. on
b. under
c. throughout
d. behind
60. Volunteers for Peace International must endure some of the harshest
working conditions,……….they
continue to bring help and hope to communities worldwwide.
a. so as to
b. for
Ngữ pháp trọng tâm TOEIC
46
c. once
d. yet
61. John is a bit nervous because he will give a speech………the board members this
afternoon.
a. by
b. on
c. to
d. during
62. ………..Mr.Bingham’s promotion became official, may of his colleagues have
approached him to
congratulate him.
a. Despite
b. Nevertheless
c. Since
d. whether
63. The prepairperson will not come……..you make an appointment at least 24 hours
in advance.
a. although
b. unless
c. provided
d. Though
64. It is often reported in the press…….bonuses paid to chief executives are
excessive and do not take actual performance into consideration.
a. that
b. what
c. so
d. whereas
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47
65. According to the company’s leave policy, employees will be paid for their sick
leaves……..they submit confirmation from a physician.
a. as if
b. as many as
c. only if
d. yet
66. ……people who love their work need time to relax and enjoy themselves.
a. Also
b. Even
c. Nevertheless
d. And
67. The proceeds from the charity auction will go to the Gatling Foundation……..the
Books for Tots program.
a. and
b. but
c. so
d. yet
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8.SỰ HÒA HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ I. Nguyên tắc cơ bản
S (số ít) + V (số ít) + O
S (số nhiều) + V (số nhiều) + O
DỰA VÀO S V
1. Enrollment in computer courses…….. increased for the past few years.
a. has
b. have
c. is
d. are
DỰA VÀO V S
2. The…………..of exercising regularly while pregnant surpass staying
sedentary during pregnancy.
a. benefit
b. benefits
c. benefiting
d. benefited
N1 + PRE. + N2 + V (N1)
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II. ĐỘNG TỪ CHI SỐ ÍT
1. EACH, EVERY/ANY (ONE, BODY,THING), SOMEBODY, SOMEONE,
SOMETHING V (số ít)
Trừ every people V (số nhiều)
2. Hình thức số nhiều nhƣng chia số ít: news, physics, meals, the United States,
ABC Industries…….
3. Danh từ không đếm đƣợc, furniture, water, traffic, knowledge,
homewwork…………….
4. Thời gian, số tiền, khoảng cách, đơn vị đo lƣờng
5. Mệnh đề quan hệ bắt đầu Who, what, that,…..đóng chức năng chủ ngữ.
Who
What + S + V ( số ít)
That
Ex: That you do exercise regularly is useful for healthy.
6. Ving/ To V1 làm chủ ngữ V (số ít)
Ex: Writting many letters makes her happy.
III. ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA SỐ NHIỀU
1. Danh từ tập hợp
+ Tính từ .Ex: The poor are hard.
THE + V (số nhiều)
+ People, poplice
IV. ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA SÓ ÍT HOẶC SỐ NHIỀU
1. along with
N1 + as well as + N2 + V (chia theo N1)
together with
Ex: He, as well as, his friends studies hard.
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50
2. Eitheir OR
Neither + N1 + NOR + N2 + V (chia theo N2)
Not only BUT ALSO
3. The number of + N (số nhiều) + V (số nhiều)
A number of + N (số nhiều) + V (số ít)
Excercise
1. Certification of compliance with international standards ………a requirment
of all pharmaceutical companies wishing to operate in New Zealand.
a. are
b. is
c. to be
d. been
2. The……… for the conference room is posted on the bullentin board at the
Help Desk.
a. scheduling
b. scheduled
c. schedules
d. schedule
3. Reducing the costs……… more difficult than we had expected.
a. was
b. are
c. is
d. were
4. The sales reports from the regional branches……….
a. has been reviewed.
b. have been reviewed.
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51
c. reviewing
d. reviewed
5. The ………….for the vacant position are advised to submit required
documents prior to the deadline.
a. applicants
b. applications
c. applicant
d. apply
6. The Palmdale resort is offering a complimentary massage to guests who……
for more than two nights.
a. stays
b. stay
c. to stay
d. stayed
7. The results of recent tests ………..that further changes are needed.
a. indicate
b. indicates
c. indicate
d. indicated
8. The decision regarding the merger of the two companies……….to the public
yesterday.
a. was announced
b. announced
c. were announced
d. announcing
9. The regulations governing animal research……..many provisions to safeguard
animal welfare.
a. contains
b. contain
c. have been contained
d. is containing
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52
10. Travel Trends……...one of America’s most popular international travel
magazines, with subscribers in more than sixty different countries. worldwide.
a. are
b. been
c. is
d. being
11. Houses in the exclusive Watershed Community usually……. on the market
for no more than one or two months before they are sold.
a. stay
b. stays
c. staying
d. stayed
12. HRF Medical Supplies………proud to have been chosen for the contract and
it looks forward to a mutually beneficial business relationship with Gilcrest
Hospital.
a. has
b. have
c. are
d. is
13. Benson Steel’s profits next year ……..expected to surpass last year’s profits
by at least 22 percent.
a. are
b. is
c. been
d. being
14. PebeKids plans ti investigate numerous……..about the technical problems
related to its new infant carrier.
a. complain
b. complaints
c. complaining
d. complainer
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9.THÌ I. THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN VÀ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN
HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN
1. CÔNG THỨC
KĐ: S + IS/AM/ARE + O
V1/V(s/es)
PĐ: S + IS/AM/ARE NOT + O
S + DON’T/DOESN’T + V (nguyên mẫu) + O
NV:(Wh)DO/DOES + S+ V(nguyên mẫu) + O ?
2. CÁCH DÙNG
- Diễn tả một thói quen
Ex: I constantly go to bed at 11 p.m.
- Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự thật hiển nhiên
Ex:The sun gets in the West.
- Diễn tả một lịch trình có sẵn
Ex: The plane takes off at 6 p.m
tommorrow morning.
- Dùng trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian:
When, whenever, as soon as, until, before
Ex: Lina will go until he comes.
He will go as soon as she agrees with him.
Dấu hiệu:
Always, constantly: luôn luôn
Ex: He constantly arrives on time for the
meeting.
Often/ usually/ frequently: thƣờng
Ex: She frequently studies English.
Sometimes/occcasionally/from time to time:
thỉnh thoảng
Ex: She occasionally complaints about their
service.
Seldom/rarely: ít khi
Ex: She rarely drinks beers.
Every day/ week/month
Ex: I do exercise every day
1. CÔNG THỨC
KĐ: S + IS/AM/ARE + VING + O
PĐ: S + IS/AM/ARE + NOT +VING + O
NV: IS/AM/ARE + S + VING + O?
2. Cách dùng
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra ở
hiện tại.
Ex: He is currently installing a new
program computer.
- Dùng để diễn tả một hành động ngay lúc
nói
- Ex: The experts are discussing the
matter in detail now.
- KHÔNG dùng thì HTTD với các động
từ cảm giác tri giác: see, hear, want,
smell, love, believe, understand,……..
3. Dấu hiệu
Now
right now
at the present
at the moment
currently
3 p.m yesterday
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II. HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH VÀ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
1. HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
Công thức
S + HAVE/HAS + V3/ED
Cách dung
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra ở quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại.
I have lived in Vietnam for 25 years.
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra ở trong quá khứ không xác định thời điểm.
I have lost your book.
Dấu hiệu:
- FOR/SINCE
For + khoảng thời gian .Ex: for 10 years
Since + mốc thời gian .Ex: since 1989
She has waited for him (since/for) 6 o’clock.
- Already, yet, just, recently, lately,
- up to now, up to the present, so far: cho đến bây giờ
- It is the first time/ It is the second time
- In/over/during/for + the last/past + time
Ex: She hasn’t seen him over the last 2 years.
- S + HTHT + SINCE + S + QKĐ.
Ex: I have taught for 2 years since I graduated from university.
2. HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
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Cách dùng:
- Nhấn mạnh hành động
Ex: He (study) English for 7 years
III. QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN VÀ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN
1. QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN
S + V2/ED + O.
- Cách dùng : Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra ở quá khứ và chấm dứt
hoàn toàn ở quá.
Ex: She went to Ha Noi last year.
- Dấu hiệu
Last night/month/year
Yesterday, ago
In + year
Last, today, this morning
Ex: She often wears shirt but today she wore ao – dai.
2. Quá khứ tiếp diễn
S + was/were + Ving + O
S + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + VING
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Cách dùng
- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex: He was reading book at 8p.m yesterday.
- Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra ở quá khứ, hành động khác xem vào
Ex: When he came yesterday, she was still sleeping.
- Hai hành động xảy ra song song trong quá khứ
Ex: While Tom was studying, his mother was cooking.
Dấu hiệu
At this time last night
While
She usually (cry) when she was sad.
When he (be) ten, his parents (die).
IV. QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH VÀ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
1. Quá khứ hoàn thành
S + HAD + V3/ED
Cách dùng:
- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trƣớc một thời gian trong quá khứ
Ex: Mary had gone to Paris before 2012.
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trƣớc một hành động khác trong quá khứ
Ex: When she found picture, he had gone.
2. Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
S + HAD + BEEN + VING
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Dùng để nhấn mạnh tiếp diễn
Ex: She had been doing this job for 3 years before you came.
Ex: By the end of last August, He had been working for this company for 10 years.
He said yesterday that he had gone to HCM city.
He said yesterday that he went to HCM city in 2012.
V. TƢƠNG LAI
1. TƢƠNG LAI ĐƠN
S + WILL/SHALL + V1
Ex: She will stay here until he comes.
DẤU HIỆU
I think, I’m afraid,probaly…………
Ex: He thinks he will sign this contract.
2. TƢƠNG LAI GẦN
S + BE GOING TO + V1
3. TƢƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN
S + WILL/SHALL + BE + VING
4. TƢƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH
S + WILL/SHALL + HAVE + V3
Cách dùng: diễn tả hành động sẽ hoàn tất trƣớc một thời điểm hoặc một
hành động khác ở tƣơng lai.
Ex: By next August, He will have worked for this company.
By + thời gian ở tƣơng lai: chia thì HTHT
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5. TƢƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
S + WILL/SHALL + HAVE + BEEN + VING
Cách dùng: Dùng để nhấn mạnh thời gian
Ex: By next August, He will have been working for this company for 10
years.
Exercise
1. The committee………..the proposal at the moment.
a. was reviewing
b. is reviewing
c. reviews
d. reviewed
2. This morning, he…………the report.
a. submitted
b. submitts
c. submits
d. submission
3. Pam International……….its workforce by 10 percent over the last two
years.
a. increase
b. decrease
a. has increased
b. increases
4. By the end of last March, I……English for 5 years.
a. had been studying
b. had studied
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c. studied
d. have studied
5. By the time you come there, she……….a big cake.
a. will made
b. will have made
c. makes
d. made
6. Extreme Toys is proud to announce that sales of the
SkateExtreme……..on March 1, a month earlier than anticipated.
a. have been starting
b. are being started
c. are started
d. will be starting
7. All the company’s data………when the computer room caught on fire.
a. is lost
b. loses
c. losing
d. was lost
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10.SỐ LƯỢNG
1. SOME: dùng trong câu khẳng định và câu đề nghị lịch sự.
Ex: Would you like.......?
2. ANY: dùng trong câu phủ định hoặc nghi vấn và trong dùng trong câu khẳng định
khi nhấn mạnh, trong mệnh đề IF
EX: Anybody who stole my purse.
If anyone phones for me, you must tell I went out.
3. NO + N
Ex: She is no money.
4. MOST + N
Most students have to study English.
5. SOME/MOST/NONE + OF + the
this, that, these, those,
my, his, her, our, their
them, us, him, her, me
Ex: Most of the experts is good knowledge.
6. Much, many: dùng trong câu phủ định. câu hỏi (dùng trong câu xác định khi có
very, too, so, as).
Ex: She reads book so much.
7. A lot of: dùng trong câu khẳng định
8. Many, few: dùng với danh từ đếm đuợc số nhiều.
9. Much, little: dùng với danh từ không đếm đuợc.
10. A lot of, lots of, plenty of: dùng với danh từ đếm đuợc số nhiều và danh từ không
đếm đƣợc.
11. a few, a little: một ít, một vài
few, little: hầu nhƣ không có
Ex: He 's lucky. She has few problems.
She has little time to look after her children.
Have you got any money? Yes, a little.
A few of these children will go to work at a garage.
12. many = a large number
13. much = a great deal of, a large amount of.
14.
She has 2 hats, one is black, the other is white.
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She has 4 hats, one is black, another blue, the others are white.
Some people eat durian while others don't.
Those trousers are dirty. you'd better wear your other pair.
This film is terrifying. I want see another.
* another: một cái khác
* the other: nguời/vật còn lại
* the others: những ngƣời/vật còn lại
* others: những ngƣời/vật khác (không xác định)
* other: khác
Neither/eitheir/none/any
I and she like playing but (eitheir/neitheir) of us can play very well.
We like playing but (any/none) of us can play very well.
Excercise
1. Let's wait for...............fifteen minutes.
a. more
b. another
c. an amount of
d. every
2. A large............ of rice was stocked.
a. amount
b. number
c. plenty
d. many
3. ...........parties were satisfied with the contrat terms.
a. One
b. Any
c. Eitheir
d. Both
4. Sorry to say,.........book contains anything that you have had.
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a. eitheir
b. neitheir
c. many
d. much
5. .........two months, she go on a vacation.
a. Every
b. All
c. Any
d. Each
6. It is important but only...............staffs are invited the meeting.
a. few
b. little
c. many
d. a few
7. ………the assets of Acme Equipment have been seized and will be auctioned off by
Auction Services on Saturday, April 1, 2008, at 2:00 p.m.
a. Almost
b. Most
c. Most of
d. Mostly
8. This item has been approved by many testers, who have carried out various
experiments on it for……..7 years.
a. ever
b. much more
c. much
d. more than
9. Stacy Hall’s Persuasion Skills Seminar should be……….more informative and
beneficial for our sales representatives than any other seminar.
a. much
b. such
c. too
d. many
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11.AUXILIARY VERBS (TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ) 1. TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + VING/VED/V3
EX: Tom was playing tennis at 3 o’a.m yesterday
2. Modal Verbs (can, could, will, would,…..) + V1
EX: She can solve this problem.
Cách dùng: Can
Could
May
Might
EX: I can do that job.
3. Should/ought to/had better (not) + V1 : NÊN
You should go to bed early.
4. Must/have to: phải
Cream must be kept cool.
They have to go now.
Phủ định:
Must + not + V1
Do/does/did + not + have to + V1
He must not park here.
5. Suy luận căn cứ
Hiện tại:
Must + be
Must + be + Ving
Ex: It is cloudy. It must be rainy.
Phủ định:
Must not + be
Cannot + be
Qúa khứ
Must + have + V3
She passed a university, she must have been very happy.
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