Nguyen Dang Hung

8/6/2019 Nguyen Dang Hung

1/81

n tt nghip Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

Muc LucLi ni u ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1PHN I ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2

I. Tnh hnh pht trin nghnh bia trn th gii v Vit Nam.------------------------ 2II. Lp lun kinh t k thut ----------------------------------------------------------------- 3

1.Chn a im xy dng nh my.---------------------------------------------------------- 3III.La chn loi bia sn xut ------------------------------------------------------------------ 63.2. Tnh v chn thit b ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 46

3.2.3.3. Chn my chit chai. ---------------------------------------------------------------- 72Chn cc thit b vn chuyn ---------------------------------------------------------------- 753.2.5. Ho cht v sinh .----------------------------------------------------------------------- 77

Li ni u

Bia l mt loi ung c cn thp giu cht dinh dng c hng thm

c trng,v ng du lp bt trng mn vi hm lng CO2 (4-5g/l) ngoi vic cungcp mt lng calori kh ln trong bia cn cha h enzyme kh phong ph,c bit

l nhm enzyme kch thch tiu ha amylaza gip con ngi gii kht mt cch trit

khi ung .V vy bia l loi ung hin rt c a chung nc ta cng nh

trn th gii. c sn xut t cc nguyn liu chnh l malt i mch, hoa hublon...

bia em li gi tr dinh dng, mt lt bia cung cp 400 450kcal, bia c kh nng

kch thch tiu ho, gip c th kho mnh khi dng vi liu lng thch hp v c

bit cn c tc dng lm gim nhanh cn kht ca ngi ung nh c tnh bo ho

CO2.

Vit Nam, bia xut hin cha lu lm (ch khong 100 nm), ngnh cng

nghip sn xut bia vn cn rt nhiu tim nng pht trin. Trong nhng nm gn

y, nhu cu s dng bia nc ta ngy cng tng. Rt nhiu nh my cng nh c

s sn xut bia c thnh lp trn khp c nc nhng vn cha p ng ht c

nhu cu th trng c v cht lng cng nh s lng. Hn na bia l mt ngnh

cng nghip c nhiu ng gp to ln cho ngnh kinh t quc dn v n l ngnh sn

xut em li li nhun cao, kh nng thu hi vn nhanh, v l ngun thu quan trng

cho ngn sch quc gia.

GVHD:ThsNguyn Tn Thnh SV: Nguyn ng Hng

1


2/81


Xut pht t nhu cu thc t, mc tiu ra v li ch ca vic pht trin cng

ngh sn xut bia nn vic xy dng thm cc nh my bia vi c cu t chc cht

ch cng cc thit b cng ngh hin i cung cp cho ngi tiu dng cc loi bia

c cht lng cao, gi thnh ph hp l v cng cn thit.

Chnh v vy em tin hnh thc hin ti: Thit k nh my bia nng sut

45triu lt/nm sa dng nguyn liu go thay th t l l 25%

PHN I

TNG QUANI. Tnh hnh pht trin nghnh bia trn th gii v Vit Nam.

Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th bia trn th gii ngy cng nhiu cng vi nhu

cu v iu kin i sng vt cht ca mi ngi khp ni trn Th gii ngy cng

tng.Theo thng k, cc nc c, M c sn lng bia ln hn 10 t lt/nm. M l

mt nc pht trin, qui m sn xut ln 5 cng ty chim 60% tng sn lng bia

sn xut ra Canada hai cng ty chim 94% tng sn lng bia sn xut ra. Cc

nc c, an Mch, Tip tiu th nhiu hn 100 lt/ngi/nm.

Chu u, hu ht cc nc u sn xut v tiu th bia vi lng ln th

Chu Phi ch mt s nc l sn xut v tiu th nhiu bia. Ngi ta thng k

c cc nc c sn lng bia cao nht tt c cc chu lc l: M, Trung Quc,

c, Brazin, Nht, Anh, Mexico, Ty Ba Nha, Nam Phi. 10 nc c mc tiu th bia

cao nht l: Tip, c, Italia, c, B, Niudilan, o, an Mch, Hungari, Anh.

Chu c cc nc pht trin nh: Nht, Trung Quc v cc nc ang pht

trin nh: Lo, Campuchia, Vit Nam iu c sn lng sn xut v tiu th bia

ngy cng tng ln nhng mc tng trng l khc nhau cc nc khc

nhau.Thi Lan 26,5%, Philippin 22%, Malaixia 21%, Trung Quc 20%.


2


3/81


Sn lng bia Trung Quc, Nht gn bng vi sn lng bia c, M 8-12 t

lt/nm.Nht c 4 cng ty ln chim 40% sn lng sn xut ra Trung Quc c 800

nh my c sn lng ln hn 150 triu lt/nm (chim 25% tng sn lng sn xut

ra).Mc tiu th Nht 50 triu lt/ngi/nm.Mc tiu th Singapo 18 - 20

lt/ngi/nm.

Vit Nam l mt nc ng Nam , vng kh hu nhit i m, bia l th

ung c cn nh, c gi tr dinh dng v cht lng cm quan cao c tc dng

gii kht nn bia rt c a chung Vit Nam.

Mc tiu th ca ngi Vit Nam nm 2000 l 10lt/ngi, tng sn lng

1000 triu lt. Nm 2005 tiu th 16 triu lt/ngi/nm.Nm 2010 mc tiu th bia

ca vit nam t trn 1,5 t lt, ring tng cng ty C phn Bia-Ru-Nc giikht Si Gn tiu th ti 1t lt/nm

Mc tiu:

- Xy dng nghnh bia thnh mt nghnh kinh t mnh. S dng ti a ngun

nguyn liu trong nc sn xut ra sn phm c cht lng cao, a dng ho v

chng loi, ci tin bao b mu m, phn u h gi thnh, nng cao kh nng cnh

tranh, p ng nhu cu trong nc v c sn phm xut khu, tng ngun thu ngn

sch, hi nhp vng chc kinh t khu vc v th gii.- Khuyn khch cc thnh phn kinh t tham gia sn xut, bia t cht lng

cao t nguyn liu trong nc v nhp khu.

II. Lp lun kinh t k thut

1.Chn a im xy dng nh my.

Cc nguyn tc la chn a im xy dng nh my:

+ Gn vng nguyn liu v nhin liu.

+ Thun li v giao thng thu, b vn chuyn nguyn liu, vt liu v snphm.

+ Gn ngun cung cp nc, c h thng thot nc hp l khng nh

hng n mi trng, n sc khe ca ngi dn trong vng.


3


4/81


+ a hnh bng phng, i cht n nh, khng c chn ng.

+ din tch b tr thit b v khu vc trong nh my, sn xut, giao thng

ni b thun tin, c t d tr cho m rng sn xut.

a.iu kin t nhin.

Huyn Th Xun c din tch rng 30010,14 ha , pha ng gip vi huyn

Thiu Ho, pha ng nam gip vi huyn Triu Sn, pha Ty gip vi huyn

Thng Xun, pha Ty bc gip vi huyn Ngc Lc, pha ng Bc gip vi

huyn Yn nh. Vi thng k dn s nm 2009 l 233.752 ngi. c bit ThanhHa c bin gii gip Lo, y l th trng y ha hn trong tng li..

Ti a bn huyn, c khu cng nghip Lam Sn l mt trong nhng khu cng

nghip trng im ca tnh. Vi din tch quy hoch ln hn 1000ha,a hnh tngi cao do vy m t b nh hng bi l lt l mt trong nhng lo ngi ca Thanh

Ho,Khu cng nghip ny cch thnh ph Thanh Ho 40km, nm cnh ng H

Ch Minh, y l con ng huyt mch lun m bo giao thng thng sut ca c

nc. Ngoi ra qua a bn huyn cn c quc l 15 v ng 47. Cng bin nc

su Nghi Sn c kh nng tip nhn tu trn 5 vn tn thun li cho vn ti bin

trong nc v quc t, ngoi cc tuyn ng b th huyn cn gn sn bay Sao

Vng y cng l mt iu kin rt thun li trong tng lai. Mt li th na l tiy khuyn khch u t cc ngnh l: thc phm, ma ng, ho cht..do vy m

mt loi cc chnh sch u i u t ca huyn nhm to ra s thng thong cn

thit cng c ban hnh.

Kh hu nhit i gi ma thch hp cho trng cy nng nghip. Hng gi

ch o v ma ng l ng bc v Ty bc, ma h l ng v ng nam .Nhit khng kh bnh qun nm 23,40C, m khng kh bnh qun nm 86%.iu

kin t nhin nh vy tng i thun li cho sn xut.Ngnh du lch v dch v cua tnh cng ang pht trim bi c bi bim Sm

Sn v nhiu khu di tch lch s ni ting nh:Ni , ng Sn, khu di tch B

Triu, L Hon, thnh Nh H, Lam Kinh, Ba nh, Hm Rng


4


5/81


Do vic xy dng nh my bia ti khu cng nghip Lam Sn l hon ton

hp l.

b. Vng nguyn liu

Nguyn liu chnh u tin sn xut bia l malt. Nguyn liu ny c

nhp ngoi. Hoa houblon nhp t Tip Khc, c di dng cao hoa v hoa vin.

Nguyn liu thay th l go c th mua trong tnh v tnh ln cn.

c. Ngun cung cp in, nc.

Ngun in: S dng in li ca mng li in quc gia chy qua khu

vc. Mng li in ny cung cp 24/24 gi trong ngy, nhng phng s c

mng li, nh my b tr mt my pht in d phng.

Ngun nc: Nc c ly t h thng ging khoan. Trong nh my ncc dng vo cc mc ch khc nhau. Nc nu bia cn p ng y cc ch

tiu cho cng ngh sn xut bia. Do nc phi i qua mt h thng x l ng k

thut trc khi cp cho sn xut.

Bn cnh cn phi xy dng khu x l nc thi x l nc thi ca

nh my trnh gy nhim n mi trng xung quanh.

d. Ngun cung cp nhin liu

Nhin liu s dng trong nh my l cho ni hi phc v cho cc mc chkhc nhau nh nu nguyn liu, thanh trng... Nh my s dng nhin liu l than

nhp v qua cng L Mn.

e. Ngun nhn lc

Huyn c dn s ng to iu kin di do v lao ng cho nh my v con

dn ca Thanh Ho hin ang c o to ti cc trng i hc H ni, Ngh

An, Hu, ..s l i ng k s lnh ngh cho nh my. Xy dng nh my s gii

quyt vn vic lm cho ngi dn lao ng v nng cao t nhiu mc sng chongi dn ni y. Hn th, xy dng nh my s thu ht c cc lao ng c trnh

a phng v lm vic, lm giu trn chnh mnh t qu hng mnh. Theo

mt kho st gn y mc sng hin ti ca a phng cn thp so vi cc tnh


5


6/81


khc nn ch doanh nghp c th h gi thnh ca sn phm, l mt nhn t gip

nh my c sc cnh tranh trn th trng.

f. Vng tiu th sn phm

Bia nh my sn xut ra ch yu cung cp phc v nhu cu cc huyn trong

tnh v cc tnh ln cn: Ngh An, Ninh Bnh. Ngoi ra nh my cn c th m rng

sn xut xut khu sang Lo.

g. a im xy dng nh my

Vi nhng thun li trn, vic quyt nh chn a im khu cng nghip

Lam Sn xy dng nh my sn xut bia 45triu lt/nm s dng nguyn liu

go thay th t l cao l hon ton hp l.

III.La chn loi bia sn xutHin nay Vit Nam lng bia vng c tiu th mnh nht. Do em la

chn em la chn loi bia sn xut c cht lng cao v c tiu th mnh nht l

bia vng .

Sn phm bia sn xut ra phi m bo t c cc tiu chun sau:

* Cc ch tiu cm quan:

- bt: Khi rt bia ra cc, bia phi c bt trng mn, t y cc lun c cc bt kh

li ti ni dn ln b mt. Chiu cao lp bt > 2cm, thi gian gi bt 5 15 pht.- Mi v v: Bia phi c ng c trng v hng thm du nh ca hoa houblon,

khng qu nht, khng c mi v l.

- Mu sc v trong: Bia phi c mu vng rm sng ng nh, trong sut, khng

c c cn hay vn c.

* Cc ch tiu ho hc:

- cn: 4,6 0,2 , Aldehyt: 10 15 mg/l

- Hm lng ng st: 1 2%- Hm lng CO2: 4,5 5 g/l

- Hm lng diacetyl: 0,2 mg/l

- Cht khong: 0,14 0,38%


6


7/81


- m tng: 3,5 5 g/l

- Este: 15 50 mg/l

Phn II

La chn nguyn liu v dy chuyn cng ngh

I. La chn nguyn liu.

Nguyn liu chnh dng cho sn xut bia trong nh my l malt i mch, vnguyn liu dng thay th cho malt l go vi t l 20% nhm gim gi thnh sn

phm, hoa houblon to hng v c trng cho bia,nc v cc cht ph tr khc

1. Malt i mch

Malt i mch l nguyn liu chnh s mt dng sn xut bia. Khong 1/3

i mch trn th gii c trng sn xut bia. i mch thuc h Hordeum

Sativum, c mt s t thuc h H.Muvirum, H.Jubatum. i mch thng c gieo

trng vo ma ng hay ma xun, c trng nhiu Nga, M, Canada, Php,

Nga

i mch c ging 2 hng v i mch a hng, trong i mch a hng li

gm c i mch 4 hng v i mch 6 hng. Tuy nhin ch c i mch hai hng

c dng trong sn xut bia. Cn i mch a hng ch dng trong chn nui v cc

mc ch khc.

Ht i mch tri qua qu trnh ngm, m mm s tr thnh ht malt ti;

ht malt ti li tip tc qua qu trnh sy, tch r v nh bng s tr thnh ht malt

kh tiu chun c th bo qun di ngy trong iu kin kh, mt v c s dng

sn xut bia. Trong qu trnh x l ht i mch tr thnh ht malt hon thin

h enzyme trong ht c hot ha v tng cng hot lc, c bit l h enzyme


7


8/81


thy phn thc hin qu trnh chuyn ha cc cht cao phn t to ra cht chit

ca dch ng.

Hin nay, cc c s sn xut bia nc ta thng s dng loi malt c ngun gc t

i mch hai hng, ch yu c nhp t c hoc mt s nc chu u nh: c,

an Mch... Malt dng trong sn xut bia cn m bo mt s yu cu:

Ch tiu cm quan:

- Mu sc: ht malt vng c mu vng rm, sng ng nh, mu chun l 0,3 iod;

(malt en c mu sm).

- Mi v: mi v c trng cho malt vng l v ngt nh hay ngt du, c hng thm

c trng, khng c c mi v l.

- sch ca malt cho php l 0,5% ht gy v, 1% cc tp cht khc.Ch s c l:

- Trng lng kh tuyt i: 28 38g/1000ht

- Dung trng: 530 560g/l

- m: 5 8%

- ho tan: 70 80%

- Thi gian ng ho: 10 20pht 70C

- ng maltose chim t 65 70% tng cht ho tan, t l ng maltose/ngphi maltose = 1/0,4 1/0,51

Bng thnh phn ha hc ca malt: [ I ]

TT Thnh phn ho hc ca malt % cht kh1 Tinh bt 58 652 ng kh 43 Saccarose 54 Pentose 15 Nit formol 0,7 16 Cht khong 2,57 Pentozan khng ho tan v Hexozan 98 Cellulose 69 Cc cht cha nit 1010 Cc cht cha nit khng ng t 2,5


8


9/81


11 Cht bo 2,5

2. Go

h gi thnh sn xut, ci tin mi v ca bia v nhm mc ch c lu

di, trong sn xut bia ngi ta thng trn ln mt s i mch cha ny mm hoc

cc loi ng cc khc thay th thc mm, cng c khi dng tinh bt hoc cc loi

ng (gluco, saccaro, malto ...) lm nguyn liu thay th.

Go l nng sn ch yu ca cc nc phng ng nh Vit Nam, Trung

Quc, Nht, Triu Tin ..., thnh phn ca go gm tinh bt chim t (70 - 75)%

cht kh, cc loi ng chim t (2 - 5)% cht kh, protit t (7 - 8)% cht kh, cht

bo t (1 - 1,5)% cht kh, cht khong t (1 - 1,2)% cht kh. Ta nhn thy rng

go cha nhiu tinh bt & t protit do trong qu trnh nu ta thu c mt lng

ln cc cht ho tan (khong 90% cht kh).

Qua ta thy go l mt sn phm ph rt tt thng c dng nu kt hp

vi malt (t l thng l 20%) & thu c nhng loi bia c cht lng cao.

Ngoi go ngi ta cn dng tiu mch, ng lm nguyn liu thay th. Tuy nhin

tiu mch khng c v tru v khi bt tiu mch tip xc vi nc th protein ca

chng d tham gia qu trnh hydrat ho to thnh phc cht keo t. Phc cht ny

c c im l rt dai v do, c th ko thnh si c gi l gluten. V tnh cht

qu gi ny m tiu mch ch c dng sn xut bnh m, vn bt tc d mi s

dng chng trong sn xut bia.

Cn vi ng th trong cng ngh sn xut bia, loi ng c dng thay th malt

i mch ch yu l loi trng c (hm lng tinh bt cao, protein thp) v c s

dng di dng bt nghin nh. Mt tr ngi ln khi a ng vo sn xut bia l

phi ca chng qu ln, hm lng cht bo nhiu, kh lc v gim bn keo cngnh kh nng to bt ca bia. s dng loi cc ny c hiu qu, trc lc a vo

ch bin dch ng ng phi qua mt cng on tch phi v v. V vy em dng

go lm nguyn liu thay th malt i mch cho nh my.


9


10/81


3. Hoa houblon .

Hoa houblon l mt loi thc vt thn g, mnh (nh cay nho), cao t 2

3m, c khi n 5 hoc 6 m. Chng c trng theo lung (m t ht hoc gim

cnh). Hoa houblon gm hoa c v hoa ci. Trong ngnh sn xut bia ngi ta ch

s dng hoa ci cha th phn, hoa c khng s dng c v n rt b v cha rt

t hng lupulin.

Cu to ca hoa houblon c nhng thnh phn chnh sau: cung hoa, cnh hoa v

nhng ht lupulin vng ng ta phn hoa. Nhng ht phn hoa ny cha cht ng

v cht thm ca hoa houblon. Lng ht ny ph thuc vo ging v iu kin

trng hoa houblon. Ngi ta chng minh rng iu kin thi tit nhiu nh nng

mt tri th hoa s c nhiu ht lupulin hn.Hoa houblon c dng hnh chy, di t (3 - 4) cm, mu hoa khi chn thng t

vng n vng ng. Trng lng tng phn ca hoa nh sau: cnh v nh hoa (66 -

67)%, ht lupulin (19 - 20)%, trc hoa (7 - 8)% v cung hoa (5 - 6)% tnh theo %

cht kh. Hin nay c trn 100 ging hoa houblon trn th gii.

Thnh phn ch yu trong hoa houblon: trong hoa houblon c cha ng nhng

hp cht c trng cho loi hoa ny nh cht thm, tinh du thm ... nhng hp cht

ny c ngha quan trng v k thut trong sn xut bia. Ngoi nhng hp cht ctrng trong hoa cn cha ng nhng hp cht khc tng t cc loi thc vt, mt

vi trong nhng hp cht y cng c ngha quan trng trong k thut.

Thnh phn ho hc ca hoa houblon c tnh ra % cht kh nh sau: [ I ]

Nc: (11 13)% Cellulo: (12 14)%.Cht ng: (15 - 21)%. Cht tro: (5 - 8)%.Tanin: (2,5 6)%. Tinh du thm: 0,3 - 1Cht c N: (15 - 21)%. Cc hp cht khc: (26 - 28)%.

Cht ng.

Cht ng l thnh phn c gi tr nht ca hoa houblon. N to cho bia v ng

c bit v d chu, to mt c tnh cm quan rt c bit ca bia khi ho tan vo


10


11/81


dch ng v tn ti trong bia. Cc cht ng l nhng hp cht c hot tnh sinh

hc cao, to sc cng b mt gip cho bia c kh nng gi bt rt lu. Vi nng

kh thp, cc cht ng cng c kh nng c ch rt nhanh s pht trin ca vi sinh

vt. V vy chng c tnh khng khun rt cao v nh lm tng bn sinh hc

ca bia thnh phm.

Thnh phn cht ng trong hoa houblon gm nhiu hp cht : [ I ]

- acid ng: 6-9%. Nha mm: 5-6%.

- acid ng: 3-4%. Nha cng: 1-2%.

+ - acid ng.Cu t cht ng quan trng s mt ny bao gm 6 hp cht:humulon,cohumulon,

adhumulon, prehumulon, posthumulon & 4 deoxyhumulon.Kh nng ho tan ca - acid ng trong nc khong 500 mg/l, trong dch

ng th t hn v trong bia th hu nh khng ng k. giai on un si dch

ng vi hoa houblon cc hp cht humulon khng ho tan trc tip vo m chng

phi tri qua giai on trung gian l qu trnh ng phn ho. Sau cc cht ng

phn ny ho tan v b thu phn thnh cc sn phm c ng cao hn nhiu so

vi hp cht nguyn thu.

+ - axit ng.Nhm axit ny gm: lupulon, colupulon, adlupulon, prelupulon. Lupulon l hp

cht dng tinh th, mu trng dng lng knh hoc que di, nng chy 920C. So vi

humulon th lupulon km ng hn nhng tnh khng khun cao hn.

Nu b oxy ho - axit ng chuyn thnh hulupon, nu phn ng ko di hulupon

s b polyme ho tr thnh nha mm v sau thnh nha cng.

+ Nha mm.

Nha mm l polyme ca cc axit ng, l cht v nh hnh, cha c xc nh

v thnh phn ho hc. Kh nng ho tan ca nha mm vo dch ng cao hn ( -


11


12/81


axit ng v vy chng to ra c lc ng kh ln cho bia. y l hp phn c gi

tr ca cht ng.

+ Nha cng.

Nha cng l polyme ca cc acit ng nhng mc cao hn nhiu so vi nha

mm. Chng c hnh thnh trong qu trnh sy v bo qun. Cu t ny hu nh

khng ho tan vo nc v dch ng, chng thi ra ngoi theo cn lng. y l

hp phn khng c gi tr trong cng ngh sn xut bia.

Tinh du thm. [ I ]

Tinh du ca hoa houblon ho tan vo dch ng, tn ti trong bia v to ra cho

n mt mi thm c trng, rt nh nhng, d chu. Tinh du thm l cht lng trong

sut mu vng nht hoc khng mu, c mi thm rt mnh. T trng ca chng l0,88, d ho tan trong ru etylic nng cao. Trong nc t l ho tan ca chng

khng ng k. Tinh du thmbay hi kh nhanh nhit thng.

Trong thi gian un si dch ng vi hoa houblon c n 98% lng tinh du

bay ra ngoi theo hi nc, ch cn li 2% tn ti trong bia. i vi bia vng th

lng tinh du 2% ny quyt nh hng thm ca chng.

Cht cht

Cht cht (tanin) trong hoa houblon c ngha nht nh trong qu trnh k thutv nh hng ti cht lng bia, gip cho dch ng trong nhanh v lm kt ta

nhng cht protit khng bn vng, lm tng bn vng ca bia. Vi lng cht

cht va phi n gy bia c v cht nh, d chu, nu lng ny nhiu s gy cho bia

cht v ng. Ngi ta s dng tanin ca hoa houblon loi cc cu t protein kh

bin tnh v kt lng ra khi dch ng v chng tn ti trong bia s gy c sau

ny.

Cht c cha Nit.

Trong hoa houblon c cha 1 s cht m nhng cht y c cha N: protit, albumin,

pepton, axitamin, mui amon ... trong s ny c khong 44% nhng cht cha N c


12


13/81


kh nng kt ta vi axit phospho wolfram. Tip n khong 20% l mui amon,

amit v 19% amin v nhng cht khc.

4. Nc.

Nc l 1 trong cc nguyn liu chnh sn xut bia chim (77 - 90)% trng

lng bia thnh phm. Thnh phn ho hc v cht lng ca nc nh hng trc

tip ti ton b k thut sn xut v nh hng rt ln ti c im, tnh cht v cht

lng bia thnh phm.Thnh phn ca nc ph thuc vo ngun ca n.Nc

mch thng cha nhiu mui v cht hu c hn, nc ma cha nhiu kh hn.

Ph thuc vo thnh phn ca cc lp t m ngun nc i qua, nhng dng nc

mch c nhng lng mui v cht hu c theo t l khc nhau.

Trong qu trnh sn xut bia cn mt lng nc rt ln, mt phn dng unsi, h ho, ng ho, mt phn ra men, ra thit b v nu hi. Nc ra

men v thit b i hi phi sch, khng c cha nhiu cc hp cht hu c v vi

sinh vt. c bit i vi cc vi sinh vt v vi trng c nh hng trc tip n

nhng qu trnh k thut sn xut bia, phi thng xuyn kim tra di knh hin vi

xc nh lng vi sinh vt c trong nc, nu lng ny nhiu qu ta phi tin

hnh st trng

Tc ng ln nht ca nc n cht lng sn phm, n pH l do cc ionkim loi c mt trong nc. Ion HCO3- l ion kim ho duy nht. Nc dng sn

xut bia l nc mm trong khng c NH2 ,NO2 , khng mi v.

Cc ion trong nc u c u im v nhc im:

Cc u im thng l:

+ Gim pH nn tt cho qu trnh ng ho, nu hoa ( pH = 5,7 - 5,9)

+ To snh cho bia.

+ Cc ion Na+,Ca2+, K+ , Mg2+ kt hp c cn nng, cn lnh nn tng khnng tch cn.

Cc nhc im: thng to ra do qu hm lng cc ion kim loi nh

Fe2+,Fe3+,Mg2+ ,Zn2+,Cu2+, Pb2+, gy ra mi kim loi, to cn oxy ho, gy c men,


13


14/81


gy v ng cht nn cn m bo hm lng ca cc ion kim loi trn mc rt

thp.

Ring HCO3- li lm tng pH, Cl- li lm gim s kt lng nm men nn cn:

+ HCO3- < 400 mg/l.

+ Cl- < 200mg/l

Ngoi ra nc cn phi t mt s ch tiu:

Khng mu, khng mi, khng v pH : 6,9- 7,5

c NTV 2 Kim tng (oF) 4

Hm lng Ca2+ (mg/l): 30-60 cng tng (oF) 2

Hm lng Mg

2+

(mg/l) < 20 Hm lng Ca

2+

(mg/l): 30-60Hm lng Na+ (mg/l): 23-28 Hm lng Na+ (mg/l): 23-28

Hm lng K+ (mg/l) 4 Hm lng Fe (mg/l) 0,05

Hm lng NH 4 + (mg/l) 0,5 Hm lng Mn (mg/l) 0,05

Hm lng Fe (mg/l) 0,05 Hm lng mui (quy v mg/l NaCl)

20Hm lng NO- 3 (mg/l) 15 Hm lng NO 2 (mg/l) 0,1

Hm lng SO

2

4 (mg/l) 3 Hm lng SiO

2 (mg/l): 9-36Al (mg/l): 0 Vi sinh vt: Theo quy nh ca B Y t

5. Nguyn liu ph tr

5.1 Ch phm enzym Termamyl.

Dng ch phm enzyme Termamyl ph v mng tinh bt bin chng thnh

trng thi ho tan ca dung dch v thu phn mt phn tinh bt.

Ch phm enzyme Termamyl c bn cht l enzyme - amylaza chu nhit, pHtrung tnh, dng lng, c sn xut t dch nui cy vi khunBacillus

licheniformiss trong phn t c Ca2+. N c kh nng chu nhit cao hn cc ch

phm enzyme - amylaza t nm men v nm mc, nhit ti u l 90-950C, iu


14


15/81


ny rt thun li cho dch ho tinh bt go v nhit h ho go l 860C. Enzyme

ny thu phn tinh bt mi lin kt -1,4 glucozit trong phn t amyloza v

amylopectin. V vy tinh bt s nhanh chng b phn gii thnh dextrin ho tan trong

nc. Hm lng s dng enzym ny l 0,1% so vi nguyn liu thay th. Khi s

dng enzyme c th tng hiu xut thu hi cht ho tan, tng t l nguyn liu thay

th, gim gi thnh sn phm.

5.2.Ch phm enzyme Cereflo.

y l tn thng mi ca enzyme - glucanaza, hot ng ti u pH = 5,5 6,0

nhit 50 600C, c tc dng lm gim nht dch ng, tng hiu sut lc,

tng kh nng trch ly cc cht vo dch ng. V vy a ngay ch phm ny vo

u qu trnh ng ho, nng 0,06% so vi nguyn liu thay th.5.3.Ch phm enzyme Fungamyl.

y l enzyme 1,4 D glucan glucanohydrolaza, sn phm thu phn ch yu

l ng maltoza v lm tng kh nng ln men ca dch ng t 2-5%. N h tr

c lc cho Termamyl trong vai tr ng ho tinh bt dch ho, nht l khi t l

nguyn liu thay th ln (t 35-65%).

Nh my s dng ch phm enzyme Termamyl


15


16/81


II. Quy trnh sn xut bia


16


17/81



Thu hi men

Malt Go

Lm sch Lm sch

Cn Cn

Nghin Nghin

ng ha H ha

Lc dch ng B

Houblon haHoahoublon

BHoaLng xoy

Lm lnh nhanh

Ln men chnh

Ln men ph

Lc Bia

Bo ha CO2

Thu hiCO

2

X l

Chit chai

Thanh trng Dn nhn SP BiaChai

Ra

Chai

Menging

Nhn ging B sung O2

Termamyl

E.Maturex

Cilicagen

Maltlt

17
http://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch1588/side/nghien%20malt.ppthttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch1588/side/nghien%20gao.ppthttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch1588/side/duong%20hoa%20va%20ho%20hoa.ppthttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch1588/side/loc%20dich%20duong.ppthttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch1588/side/houblon%20hoa.ppthttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch1588/side/lang%20xoay.ppthttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch1588/side/lam%20lanh%20nnha.ppthttp://d/dfg/tieu%20luan%20bia/side/len%20men%202.ppthttp://d/dfg/tieu%20luan%20bia/side/loc%20trong%20bia.ppthttp://d/dfg/tieu%20luan%20bia/side/bao%20hoa%20co2.ppthttp://d/dfg/tieu%20luan%20bia/side/chiet%20chai.ppthttp://d/dfg/tieu%20luan%20bia/side/thanh%20trung.ppthttp://d/dfg/tieu%20luan%20bia/side/thanh%20trung.ppthttp://d/dfg/tieu%20luan%20bia/side/chiet%20chai.ppthttp://d/dfg/tieu%20luan%20bia/side/bao%20hoa%20co2.ppthttp://d/dfg/tieu%20luan%20bia/side/loc%20trong%20bia.ppthttp://d/dfg/tieu%20luan%20bia/side/len%20men%202.ppthttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch1588/side/lam%20lanh%20nnha.ppthttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch1588/side/lang%20xoay.ppthttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch1588/side/houblon%20hoa.ppthttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch1588/side/loc%20dich%20duong.ppthttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch1588/side/duong%20hoa%20va%20ho%20hoa.ppthttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch1588/side/nghien%20gao.ppthttp://opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch1588/side/nghien%20malt.ppt


18/81


2.1. Nghin nguyn liu

2.1.1. Nghin malt

- Mc ch:

dp nt malt thnh nhiu mnh, lm tng b mt tip xc vi nc nhm thc

y qu trnh thu phn v ng ho xy ra nhanh & trit hn.

- Tin hnh:

Malt c cn cho tng m nu, thng c nghin bng my nghin trc. My

gm 2 i trc quay ngc chiu nhau, ht malt cn nghin nh ri vo khe gia 2

trc. Mc nghin nh rt quan trng v ht c nghin nh th din tch chu nh

hng ca enzim ln hn to iu kin tng tc cho qu trnh thu phn v ng

ho. Nhng i vi malt ta phi nghin sao cho phn v cng t b nt cng tt, v

phn bt cn phi nh tng thu hi cht chit. Nu v malt b nghin nt th khi

nu cc cht amin s ho tan vo nhiu s nh hng ti cht lng ca bia. Mt

khc nu v chu nh s kh lc v lp v chu l mng lc ph. Tuy nhin mc

nghin cn ph thuc vo bn cht nguyn liu v dng thit b lc.

Yu cu v thnh phn bt sau khi nghin:

V tru: (15 - 18)%.

Tm th: (18 - 22)%.Tm mn: (30 - 35)%.

Bt: (25 - 35)%.

- Chn phng php nghin t v:Nghin t l v malt c gi nguyn, hn

ch trch ly cc cht ng, gy mi v l vo trong dch ng v rt ngn thi gian

lc b. Tuy nhin sau khi nghin t malt phi c s dng lun.

2.1.2. Nghin go

- Mc ch:Go c nghin nh qu trnh nu c nhanh chng & d dng.

- Tin hnh:


18


19/81


Go c cn cho tng m nu sau c nghin bng my nghin ba. Do go

cha nhiu hm lng tinh bt nn cng c nghin nh th din tch chu nh

hng ca enzim cng ln v chuyn thnh dng ho tan trong nc mt cch trit

.

Malt v go sau khi nghin c chuyn n phn xng nu tin hnh qu

trnh ng ho.

malt lt l?n 1

malt lt l?n 2

Nhi?t d? ( 0 C)

th?i gian ( T)

Hnh 1.1. S nu.


19


20/81


2.2. Qu trnh h ho.

- Mc ch:

Chuyn tinh bt ca nguyn liu thay th go t nhng thnh phn tinh bt khng

tan v dng ho tan v mt phn mch tinh bt cng c phn tch. Ngoi ra, cn

c mt s phn ng thu phn cc hp cht nh khc nh Protein, Hemixellulo ...

nhm to iu kin cho h enzim ca malt hot ng trit .

- Phng php nu go

Trong nu go tng hiu sut trch ly th s dng enzyme hoc s dng malt lt.

Nu s dng malt lt 10% th enzyme trong malt lt khng gi c hot lc (b v

hot) khi nhit h ho ca go l 860C. V vy, phi s dng kt hp vi

enzyme c nhit hot ng cao hn 860

C. Ch phm enzyme trn th trng thomn iu kin ny l Termamyl.

- Thit b nu cho:

Ni nu cho thn hinh tr, y chm cu v nh cu, c lm bng thp khng

g, cu to hai v c bao hi bn ngoi nu. Ni nu c cnh khuy tng cng

qu trnh truyn nhit v chng chy cho. C nhit k o nhit , van an ton p

lc, ng h o p sut, mt ng nc lnh vo, mt ng nc nng vo, mt

ng cho sang ni malt, mt ng nc thi, van x nc ngng- Tin hnh:

Nguyn liu c nu trong ni hai v c cnh khuy, dng hi nu ph thuc

vo nhit trong ni.

Sau khi v sinh ni ta cho nc 460C v ni nu theo t l go : nc = 1:4. Cho

cnh khuy hot ng, cho ton b lng go vo ho u vi nc. Sau cho

thm 5% lng malt lt, gi trong 20 pht. Vic cho malt lt vo ln mt c tc

dng lm gim b dy lp keo, trnh hin tng vn cc, lm sng tinh bt.

Sau nng nhit khi dch ln 720C, gi nhit ny trong thi gian 10 pht

to iu kin cho enzym _amylaza hot ng. Sau nng ln 860C ,gi nhit

ny trong 5 pht. y l nhit h ho, nhit ny hu ht tinh bt c h


20


21/81


ho. Tip theo ta thm nc h nhit xung 720C, ri cho tip 5% malt lt cn

li vo, tip tc cho thm ch phm termamyl vo dch trong 30 pht thc hin

qu trnh dch ho. Ch phm enzyme ny s phn ct nt mch tinh bt, lm gim

nht cho dch.

Tinh bt trong giai on ny tip tc c hot ho, nht gim t mc ch

un si d dng. Sau tip tc nng nhit khi dch ln 1000C & gi nhit

ny trong thi gian 15 pht vi mc ch bt chn ht, to iu kin tt cho qu

trnh dch ng ho ni malt. Trong qu trnh nu cnh khuy lun hot ng

trnh hin tng sinh nhit cc b gy chy kht.

2.3. Qu trnh dch ng ho.

- Mc ch: l chuyn cc cht khng tan c trong thnh phn chnh ca malt vgo thnh nhng cht ho tan. Trong ht malt kh c 10% lng cht kh l nhng

hp cht phn t d ho tan sau khi ng ho, trong dch ng c (70 - 75)%

lng cht kh trng thi ho tan. C ngha l c (50 - 60)% t cc hp cht

chuyn thnh cc cht thp phn t d ha tan.

Vy qu trnh ng ho l chuyn tt c cc cht cao phn t trong nguyn liu

thnh nhng cht phn t thp hn d ho tan vo trong nc, cc cht ho tan nh

cc loi dch ng, axit amin. ng ho l mt qu trnh sinh ho phc tp xy radi tc dng ca enzim. Qu trnh ny ph thuc nhiu vo cc yu t nhit , pH,

pha long ca hn hp thu phn:

+Nhit c nh hng ln, khng ch n tc ng ho, hiu sut dch

ng ho m c nh hng n t l cc thnh phn ca sn phm ng ho. Nu

tng nhit thu phn ln mt nhit nht nh th tc ng ho tng ln rt

nhanh.Nhng nu tip tc tng qu gii hn th cc enzim s b gim hot lc, qu

trnh dch ng ho s b chm li hoc ngng. Nhit ti u cho enzim -

amylaza l (63 - 65)0C. Nhit ti u cho - amylaza l (72 - 75)0C, nhit gii

hn ca - amilaza l 780C. V vy iu chnh nhit l yu t quan trng cho qu

trnh dch ng ho khng ch qu trnh ln men v sau.


21


22/81


+ S thu phn tinh bt: tinh bt l ngun cacbon ch yu thu cht ho tan trong

qu trnh dch ng ho malt. S thu phn tinh bt xy ra di tc dng ca h

thng men thu phn , - amilaza ti khong nhit (60 - 78)0C, sn phm to

thnh l glucoza, maltaza, dextrin.

+ Cc enzim thu phn protit l nhng enzim chu nhit nu nhit ln hn

600C th hot lc ca chng gim xung rt nhanh, pH ti thch ca enzim ny l 5,8

- 6,2. Nu pH < 4,5 th hot lc ca chng gim i 80%, nhit thch hp cho

enzim ny l (50 - 55)0C.

+ pH cng c nh hng n hot ng ca enzim, mi enzim c pH ti

thch ring, pH ti u i vi amylophosphataza l 5,5 - 5,7; vi ( - amylaza th pH

ti u l 5,5 - 5,7; vi ( - amilaza th pH ti u l 4,8 - 5,0. pH ca dch ngthp hn lm cn tr s hot ng ca nm men l gim hiu sut ho tan, dch

ng b c, kh lc, bia s c mu sm v v ng kh chu. Vy phi iu chnh

pH ph hp bia c cht lng cao.

+ Nng cc cht: nng cc cht trong qu trnh dch ng ho cng gy

nh hng khng nh ti qu trnh ng ho. Nng dch ng c th thay i

nh s tng gim gia khi lng nc v bt malt.

+ Nhng qu trnh thu phn khc: ngoi nhng qu trnh trn, trong qu trnhng ho cn xy ra s thu phn cc axit bo, cc hp cht phospho v cc cao

phn t di tc ng ca nhit v mi trng cn c s bin tnh, keo t ca

protein nh li c nhng pha protein c phn t lng ln ra ngoi, trnh c

s kt ta sau ny lm c bia.

Trong qu trnh ng ho c s to thnh melanoid do lm tng cng

mu ca dch, tnh cm quan tng, mi thm c trng.

- Chn phng php ng ho:+ Phng php un si tng phn:


22


23/81


- u im: to bc nhy nhit , trnh dng nhit trung gian. un si

mt phn dch ng dch ho hon ton tinh bt kh ho tan, tng hiu

sut ho tan ln mt n hai ln, do lm tng hiu sut ng ho.

- Nhc im: thao tc phc tp, thi gian ko di.

V s dng nguyn liu thay th vi t l 25% nn chn phng php ng ho

un si tng phn c b sung ch phm enzyme Termamyl t l 0,075% so vi go

dch ho, ng ho nguyn liu, enzyme Cereflo t l 0,06% so vi go tng

hiu sut trch ly cc cht vo trong dch ng

- Thit b ng ha :

Thit b ng ha l mt ni hnh tr y chm cu v c ch to bn thp

khng g- Tin hnh.

Khi cho sp chn 30 pht trc khi qu trnh h ho kt thc, ta tin hnh ngm

malt. Bt malt c ho vi nc theo t l malt:nc = 1:4 nhit 450C. Khuy

u trong 20 pht nhm chit cc enzim trong malt khuych tn vo nc v ho u

trong nguyn liu. Sau bm 1/2 khi cho nu chn, lc ny cnh khuy lm

vic vi tc ln, ng thi bm t t h nhit cho malt xung v cc men

khng b ph hu.Sau khi trn phn cho un si vi ton b lng malt, ta c hn hp dch c

nhit (50 - 52)0C gi nhit ny thi gian 20 pht. y l nhit ti u cho

men proteaza hot ng mnh m v s to ra nhiu sn phm ca protit phn t

lng thp, peptit, aminoaxit.

Sau bm nt 1/2 khi cho cn li t ni h ho sang ni ng ho nhit s

t (60 - 65)0C, duy tr nhit ny trong thi gian 30 pht thc hin qu trnh

ng ho ln 1. y l nhit ti u cho enzim - amylaza hot ng phn ctamylopectin v amyloza thnh ng maltoza v mt t dextrin. Tip theo tng nhit

ln 750C v gi trong thi gian 10 pht, y l qu trnh ng ho ln 2. Ti

750C l nhit ti thch cho enzim - amylaza hot ng phn ct amylopectin


23


24/81


dextrin l ch yu. Sau nng nhit dch ng ho ln 760C v duy tr trong

15 pht. Dng iod th n khi thy iod i sang mu cnh dn th kt thc qu

trnh ng ho v a dch ng i lc.

2.4. Lc dch ng

- Mc ch

Qu trnh ny nhm tch dch ng ra khi b malt v cc tp cht khng tan

khc. c trng ca dch ng ho tan trong c cha rt nhiu phn t rn nh

trong qu trnh lc cc phn t ny s to ra mt lp nguyn liu lc ph lm cho

dch ng trong hn.

-Chn phng php lc bng thng lc y bng:

+ u im:- C kh nng lc v ra b, tho b.

- Dung tch lm vic ca thng lc 220 kg/m3 tc lc nhanh.

- Dung dch lc khng b oxy ho bi khng kh.

+ Nhc im: Thi gian lc di hn v din tch chim ch ln hn

- Thit b lc y bng:

Thit b lc y bng l mt thng hnh tr (ch to bng ng hoc thp

trng) c hai y: y tht v y gi. Trn cao 10-15 cm t y, thng lc cghp mt y gi th hai. y gi bao gm nhiu mnh kim loi c l mt sng

ghp li. Hnh dng ca cc mnh ghp thng thng l hnh r qut. Trn y gi c

l h, ng knh t 200 - 300 mm dng tho b malt ra ngoi.

- Tin hnh

Qu trnh lc c tin hnh theo 2 giai on:

- Tch lc dch trong (cha cc cht ho tan ca malt) khi b malt.

- Dng nc nng (75 - 78)0C thu hi nhng phn t ho tan ch yu cn bm

phn b malt.

Trc khi lc ta tin hnh bm nc lc, nhit ca nc t (75 - 78)0C vo di

y sao cho chiu cao ca nc cch mt sng l 1 - 1,5cm. Nc vo t di chim


24


25/81


y cc ng dn v khong khng gian gia y chnh v li nn y c khng

kh ra ngoi. S c mt ca khng kh trong ng ng gy kh khn cho qu trnh

lc. Sau khi ng ho song dch ng c nng ln nhit 760C v c bm

sang thng lc, va bm dch ng ng thi bt h thng cnh khuy co v

o trn lp b lc, phn b u b trong thng. Sau ngng khuy v thi gian

lng khong 20 - 30 pht, ta m van dn dch xung bnh trung gian. Lc u dch

vn cn c c hi lu v thng lc. Khi dch lc song th ng van hi lu v m

van dn dch sang ni hoa.

Sau khi lc ht dch u tin hnh ra b theo khi lng dch cn phi t ti. M

van y v van x cp ra b, bm nc nng nhit (75 - 78)0C vo thng lc

theo 2 ng cp nc (ng CIP & sc y), cho h thng dao co hot ng 10pht, ngng h thng dao co lng ra tng t nh lc dch ban u.

Dng nc cng ra b v v malt c tanin m tanin th tan nhiu trong nc

mm s lm cho bia b ng. Nu dng nc c nhit thp th dn n hiu sut

chit ng thp. Nu nhit ca nc qu cao s dn n v hot enzim amylaza

v cc tinh bt st c h ho nhng khng c ng ho v kh lc. Kt qu

lm cho dch lc b c dn n bia b c.

Trong qu trnh ra b nhit ca nc ra l (75 - 78)0

C hn ch s xmnhp ca vi sinh vt, ch khng b kh mi cp tip nc lc, b kh s gy

cht bia v nhiu phn ng ph khc v trnh hin tng oxy ho cht tanin ca

v malt to mu sm cho bia. Thu phn v thu hi nt lng cht tan cn st li

trong b, y l nhit m nht ca dch ng thp nht khng gy cn tr qu

trnh lc.

Tin hnh ra b n khi no lng dch sang ni hoa theo yu cu, ng thi

kim tra ng st b t mc thp nht l (1 - 1,5)0S th s kt thc qu trnhlc.

2.5. un si dch ng vi hoa houblon

Mc ch


25


26/81


trch ly cc thnh phn chnh ca hoa houblon vo dch ng ch yu l cht

ng, tinh du thm v polyphenol. Trong nhng sn phm thu phn ca protein c

nhng cht cao phn t, nhng cht ny sm hay mun cng s b thu phn v gy

c cho bia.

- Polyphenol trong hoa houblon c kh nng kt lng vi cc cu t ny to ra kt

ta, loi chng ra ngoi lm tng bn keo cho sn phm sau ny, lng protein

cao phn t trong dch ng c loi tr tt th cht lng bia cng cao.

- Trong qu trnh nu hoa c mt vi s bin i v thnh phn v tnh cht ca dch

ng.

- Nng dch ng: do bay hi nc khi un si dch ng m nng dch

ng tng ln thch hp vi tng loi bia.- mu ca dch ng: lm cho mu sc nc thay i t nht sang m v hin

tng caramen ho cc s hnh thnh melanol v cc cht mu ca hoa houblon

chuyn t hoa vo dch.

- Do tanin v cht ng ho tan vo dch ng nn khi un si cc cht ny kt hp

vi protid to thnh kt ta lng xung di v ko theo cc cht khc lm cho dch

ng trong hn.

- Phng php np hoa:C rt nhiu phng php np hoa, tu theo yu cu, k thut nu hoa v loi hoa

s dng m ta c cc phng php np hoa khc nhau. y ta s dng hai loi hoa:

cao hoa v hoa vin. Do ta chn phng php nu hoa trong thit bi chiu p

thng p sut kh quyn vi k thut nu nh sau:

+ Phn 1: ton b cao hoa c cho vo khi dch ng un si c 15 pht

nhm mc ch mang li cho bia c v ng ca hoa houblon ng thi nh cc

polyphenol c trong cao hoa kt hp vi cc cht keo, protit to thnh nhng cht dlng.

+ Phn 2: cho 1/2 lng hoa vin vo dch ng khi un si c 60 pht

nhm to v ng v tng kh nng gi bt cho bia ng thi b xung thm


26


27/81


polyphenol vo dch ng v to mu cho bia. To bn keo v tng kh nng gi

bt cho bia thnh phm.

+ Phn 3: Cho lng hoa vin cn li(1/2) vo dch ng khong 10 pht

trc khi kt thc nu hoa nhm to hng, v m cho bia thnh phm.

Tin hnh

Khi dch ng c bm t thng lc sang thng un hoa th lp tc gia nhit ,

nng nhit ca dch ng ln (70 - 75)0C cho amylaza kp thu phn ht cc tinh

bt cn st li n khi kt thc ra b th dch ng trong mi ni un hoa cng

va si, khi dch ng si ta phi tng cng hi sao cho khi lng dch ng

si cng mnh nht m bo lng nc bay hi trong qu trnh un nu t (4

- 8)%. Nng dch ng sau khi ra b thng thp hn nng dch ng yucu cho men t (1,5 - 2)% thi gian un hoa cn ph thuc vo nng dch ng

t cha.

Ton b qu trnh kt thc l lc nhit phi t (100 - 106)0C. mt s protein s

b kt ta nhit ny do lm tng trong v bn ca bia. Hoa c cho

vo di dng hoa vin tu theo yu cu m lng hoa khc nhau, v hoa ny rt qu

him nn phi tit kim khi s dng. Thi gian nu trung bnh t 1- 2 ting, gia nhit

nhanh nhm t hiu sut kt ta protein khng ng t cao nht v nhm c cgim th tch dch ng.

Kt thc qu trnh nu hoa dch ng trong hn, sm mu hn, c hng c

trng v c v ng pha ngt. Dch ny s c bm vo thng lng xoy nhm loi

b b hoa.

2.6. Ni lng xoy

Mc ch.

Tch cn b malt, cn hoa, cn th ra khi dch ng trnh cho bia khi b c.

- Thit b:

lm trong dch ng c th s dng cc thit b: thng thp h, thng kn lc ly

tm, my lc tm, lng xoy. y em chn thit b lng xoy lc dchng.


27


28/81


Thit b lng xoy c cu to n gin, vn hnh d dng, da vo lc ly tm v

trng lc nn c th t hiu qu cao trong vic phn ly ba hoa v cn lng khc ra

khi dch ng. trnh nhim tp khi lng xoy th ng hi thng lng xoy

thit k c ng knh bng khong 1/10 ng knh thng dng hi bc ln

mnh ngn nga s tp nhim. tng hiu qu phn ly th ng ng a dch

ng vo lng xoy phi thit k thu nh tng vn tc dng chy trc khi vo

tip tuyn vi thnh thng vi tr cch y 1/3 chiu cao thng nhm tn dng hiu

qu lc ly tm. ng ng cp dch cng nn thit k on cong ln nhm tch bt

mt phn cn ca dch v n nh dng dch. Dch trong c tho ra bng c ng

ng tip tuyn cch 1 khong v c pha y nhm trnh ko theo b. B hoa c

tho ra y thng bng vic nc vo thng, tho b d dng thit k ythng hI nghing so vi mt phng nm ngang chng 3-50.

Tin hnh:

Dch ng bm vo thng theo tip tuyn vi thn thng to dng xoy dn cn

lng vo y thng v hng y thit b. Nguyn tc tch cn l da vo sc ht

ca lc hng tm, thi gian lng khong 30 pht. Mt khc qu trnh lng xoy

cng l qu trnh lm lnh nhanh s b dch ng t 1000C xung 850C trong thi

gian ngn. Kt thc qu trnh lng, dch ng c a i lm lnh nhanh.2.7. Qu trnh lm lnh nhanh

Mc ch

Qu trnh lm lnh nhanh l a nhit dch ng v nhit thch hp cho qu

trnh ln men bia theo yu cu k thut, lm lnh nhanh trnh cc vi sinh vt trong

mi trng nhim vo dch ng ln men.

Mt khc to iu kin cho vic kt lng cc hp cht hu c km chu nhit v to

iu kin cho vic bo ho oxy cn thit cho qu trnh ln men.

- Chn thit b:

My lnh nhanh tm bn c cu to l nhng tm bn gp sng, ch to t thp

khng g. Cc tm bn c hnh ch nht, c bn tai bn gc. Trn mi tai c


28


29/81


thng mt l trn. Vi cu to ca tng bn nh vy, khi lp chng ln khung my

th s to thnh bn mng dn: dch ng vo my, dch ng ra khi my, tc

nhn lnh vo my, tc nhn lnh ra khi my. Thng thng th dch ng nng

c bm vo mt trong hai mng dn pha trn, cn lc i ra khi my th theo

mng dn di ngc pha. Tc nhn lnh i vo mng dn kia pha trn, ngc

chiu vi dch ng v i ra mng dn pha di. My lnh nhanh tm bn c

th l mt cp cng c th l hai cp.

Tin hnh

Phn lm lnh s b dng nc lm lnh gim nhit dch ng t (65 - 73)0C

xung cn (25 - 30)0C (nc lm lnh y l 20C).

Phn lm lnh th 2 lnh nhanh dng dung dch glycol lm cht ti lnh, h nhit t (25 - 30)0C xung cn (15 - 16)0C. Nhit dch ng sau khi qua thit b

lm lnh nhanh t n nhit ti u cho nm men pht trin ri trn vi men

ging (t l men ging l 10% tng lng dch ln men) ri bm vo tank ln men.

Trc khi bm vo tank ln men ngi ta bo ho dch ng bng oxy kh

trng.

2.8. Qu trnh ln men

- Chn chng nm men. y thc hin qu trnh ln men chuyn ha dch ng hoa hublon ha thnh

bia vng em chn chng nm men chmsacharomyces carlbergensis.

c im: nm mensacharomyces carbergensis, t bo nm men hnh cu hay

hnh bu dc, kch thc trung bnh 3- 15 micromet, sn sinh ch yu bng phng

thc ny chi, c kh nng ln men nhit thp nn gim c s nhim tp v

to c bia c cht lng cao bn sinh hc, n c kh nng ln men cc loi ng

glucose, fructose, maltose v c bit do nm men c kh nng tng hp c

enzym melibiase nn ln men c hon ton ng rafinose, vo cui qu trnh ln

men n kt lng di y do tnh cht to chm ca t bo, thun li cho vic tch

men sau qu trnh ln men quay vng ti s dng nm men.


29


30/81


Ngun men ging:

Nm men cp cho qu trnh ln men c th ly t chng gc tri qua 2 giai on

nhn men trong phng th nghim v nhn men sn xut. Trong giai on nhn men

trong phng th nghim chng nm men gc c bo qun dng ng kh hay bo

qun lnh trong cc ng thch nghing c cy chuyn ra bnh tam gic 100ml, ri

sang bnh 1000ml, bnh 5l, bnh 20l trn mI trng nc chit malt c b sung cc

cht dinh dng ch yu l d0ng mui khong. Mi cp cy chuyn mi trng

trong thi gian 24h 22 250C, nu nui lc th thi gian c th ngn hn. Sang giai

on nhn ging sn xut nm men c nui trong cc canh trng c dung tch

tng dn 100l, 300l cho n khi lng cp cho ln men. Trong giai on nhn

ging sn xut mi trng dinh dng nui cy nm men thng dng trc tipdch ng sau lnh nhanh t phn xng nu c b sung thm cc cht dinh dng,

nhit nhn ging l 16 200C, trong qu trnh nui c sc kh thi gian u

nm men pht trin sinh khi mnh. Mt dch men ging sau nhn ging phi t

khong 100 120 triu t bo/ ml.

Ngoi ra c th ti s dng sa men kt lng sau ln men. Sau khi ln men chnh,

ngi ta tin hnh tho sa men. Thng thng c 1000 l dch ng cho khong

20l dch sinh khi nm men st, m 85 88%. Dch ny c chia thnh 3 lp:Lp di cng l lp cn bn, lp trn cng l lp t bo cht thng dng lm thc

n gia sc, ch c lp gia c mu trng ng l nm men sch, c th ti s dng. S

ln ti s dng men sa khong 6 8 ln, ty thuc cht lng nm men. ti s

dng nm men kt lng cn ra, bo qun, hot ha men.

Ra men: dch b men thu c sau ln men chnh c lc v ra nhiu ln bng

nc v trng 1-20C loi b cn bn v xc nm men cho n khi t yu cu.

Sa men sch c kim tra xc nh cht lng, hot lc sau bo quntrong nc lnh nhit 0 20C.

Hot ha: trc khi s dng nm men pht trim tt cn phi tin hnh hot ba

ging bng cch sau:men sa bng 4:1 sc khng kh v trng vo dch ng thi


30


31/81


thi tng dn nhit ti gn nhit ln men. Khi c nhiu t bo pht trin v

cn t 0,3% th kt thc qu trnh hot ha.

- Chn phng thc ln men:

Bia chai c nng dch ng trc ln men l 120Bx y em chn phng

thc ln men gin on theo m, phng php ln men gia tc trong cc thit b ln

men kn thn tr y cn, s dng chng nm men thuc loi sacharomyces

carbergensis chu k ln men l 18 ngy. giai on ln men chnh dch ln men

c duy tr nhit 80C trong thi gian 6 ngy, sau ln men chnh bia non c

lm lnh xung 40C nm men d dng kt lng v c tho ra ngoi. Cui cng

h nhit dch ln men xung 20C v tin hnh ln men ph v tng tr lo ha

bia non thnh bia tiu chun ng thi bo ha C02 cho bia.- Chn thit b:

Tank ln men: Dch ng c a vo thit b theo ng ng np dch di

y tank. Sau khi ln men, bia to thnh cng ly ra theo ng ng . Trong qu

trnh ln men kh chnh l CO2, nhng nu lng CO2 to ra nhiu s c x ra nh

van iu p. Trong qu trnh ln men vic gi nhit v h nhit c thc hin nh

h thng o lnh. Cn v men lng trong thit b c tho ra y.

2.8.1. Ln men chnh Mc ch:

Qu trnh ln men chnh l bin ng thnh ru etylic, CO2 v mt s sn phm

ph khc to thnh bia theo ng yu cu k thut v cht lng sn phm.

Tin hnh:

Qu trnh ln men chnh c din ra trong 5 - 7 ngy iu kin nhit 140C.

Trong 3 ngy u (khng tnh ngy chuyn dch ng sang) lng ng gim

nhanh, tc ln men trung bnh gim (1,5 - 2)0Bx mt ngy. Nhit do phi

thng xuyn kim tra v khng ch nhit 140C. Sau tc ln men gim

dn n ng cn (2 - 3)% ta h nhit chuyn sang ln men ph.


31


32/81


Men ging c a vo yu cu phi l nm men thun khit, khng ln t bo l.

Truyn men ging vo nc nha l cho ging men vo ng cho men cng chy

vo thng ln men, cho t bo nm men phn b u trong ton b khi dch

ng ban u to iu kin cho men sinh trng v pht trin.

Mt iu kin cn lu l trong qu trnh ln men nhit ca dch ng tng

ln do phi thng xuyn lm lnh thng ln men. Nu nhit tng s gy nh

hng xu n cht lng bia v vy phi khng ch nhit trong mt thi hn nht

nh.

Trong qu trnh ln men ngi ta thng xuyn kim tra ng, mu, s to

bt, khi ln men chnh c mt ngy th tin hnh thu hi CO2, khi ln men c

24h th kim tra ng. kim tra xem qu trnh ln men kt thc hay cha ngi ta s dng phng

php:

- Quan st bt: khi qu trnh ln men chnh kt thc th trn b mt bia c mt lp

bt u.

- Nng cht ho tan: nu sau 1 ngy nng cht ho tan trong bia gim (0,1 -

0,2)% th qu trnh kt thc

- trong : nu sau 24h bia trong hon ton th qu trnh ln men chnh kt thc.Ln men chnh kt thc ta h nhit xung 40C trong 24h ri h nhit xung

20C ln men ph v tch men sa ra.

2.8.2 Ln men ph v tng tr

Mc ch:

L qu trnh ln men tip cc loi ng cao phn t ch yu l maltoza, dextrin,

ngoi ra n c tc dng sau:

+ n nh thnh phn cht lng ca bia, to ra hng v bia v gi bt.

+ Kh ru bc cao v aldehyt n mc cho php.

+ Mt s este c trng c to thnh do axit tc dng vi ru lm cho bia thm.


32


33/81


+ Nhit v p sut tng i cao lm cho bt bia c to ra dng lin kt bn

vng hn, lu tan v mn.

+ Do tin hnh nhit thp, thi gian ko di dn n cc cht hu c, xc men,

b men lng xung lm cho bia trong, thun tin cho qu trnh lc bia.

Tin hnh

Qu trnh ln men ph c thc hin ngay trong cng mt thit b ln men chnh.

Sau khi kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh tin hnh h nhit v thu hi nm men.

Sau thu hi nm men tin hnh h nhit xung 1 20C v qu trnh ln men ph

bt u. Ton b qu trnh ln men ph c tin hnh khong 12 ngy, mi ngy

u x cn men do cn trong dch bia non lng xung. Vi iu kin nhit thp,

nng cht ho tan nh m bo cho CO2 ho tan tt trong bia. Trong ton b qutrnh lng cht ho tan gim (2 - 2,5)Bx.

2.9. Qu trnh lc trong bia

Mc ch

Trong qu trnh ln men ph v tng tr, bia c lm trong mt cch t nhin

nhng cha t n mc cn thit. Nguyn nhn l trong bia cn c nm men, cc

ht phn tn c hc, cc ht dng keo, phc cht protein polyphenol, nha ng v

nhiu ht ly ty khc. V vy lm trong bia tng gi tr cm quan, n nh thnh

phn c hc, lm tng bn sinh hc v bn keo ca bia.

Nguyn tc lc trong bia c xy dng trn hai qu trnh:

- Gi cht bng lc c hc tt c cc ht c kch thc ln hn kch thc l hng

ca vt liu.

- Hp ph cc ht c kch thc b hn, thm ch cc ht ho tan dng keo v cc ht

ho tan dng phn t. Hiu qu ca qu trnh hp ph ph thuc trc ht vo bn

cht ca cht hp ph v cht b hp ph, sau l thi im ca qu trnh lc.

- Chn my lc:

Da vo u im ca my lc cng vi thc t sn xut th vic la chn my lc

khung bn c s dng bt tr lc (diatomit) l hp l hn c.


33


34/81


+ Thit b lc:

My lc bia dng bt tr lc diatomit l my lc bn, c tm lc l vi lc cng

nghip. B phn chnh ca my lc p l cc khung v bn, ch to bng gang hoc

cc kim loi khc.

Khung l mt hnh hp vung, rng, pha trn m khung c mt l trn, pha trong

c n c mt hoc hai vch lin thng vi khong khng trong khung. Cc l trn,

hng ca khung s to thnh mt mng kn khi cc khung v bn c xp kht vo

nhau. Mng kn ny ng vai tr nh mt ng ng, v ni ta s dng ng

ng ny bm dch vo my lc. Dch theo cc vch lin thng s trn vo khong

khng ca khung. Nh c che kn bng bng hai bn hai bn cho nn khong

khng ny tr thnh mt camera cha dch.Bn ca my lc cng c kch thc tng ng nh khung nhng b dy b hn,

pha trong lng ca bn khng rng nh khung m c, trn c kha rnh to

mng chy cho dch. hai nh ca mt ng cho c hai l trn. Cc l trn ca

bn c s th t l l c lin thng vi b mt ca bn, cn bn c s th t chn

th cc l trn khng c vch lin thng. Khi cc bn c lp kht vi khung, cc l

trn ny s to thnh hai ng ng kn gi l ng ng cnh trn v dng ng

cnh di. Hai ng ng cnh ny dng bm nc ra vo my lc. Pha gcdi ca ng cho kia c gn rbin tho dch ng. Cc rnh trn hai mt

ca bn c th c b tr rt khc nhau nhng cc dng chy ny phi c tp

trung v pha gc v c vch lin thng vi rbin dn dch.

Ton b khung v bn c xp lin tc v xen k ln gin my nh c hai tai treo

hai cnh bn. Gin my gm hai vai dc, tht th v tht ui. Tht th c lp

c nh, cn tht ui c th chuyn ng tnh tin: tin li dc theo hai vai ca

my nh vitme trung tm, qua b phn tay quay hoc bm thu lc. Pha di gmmy c hai mng: mt hng dch lc v mt hng b. Dc theo mng hng b c

vt ti y b ra ngoi. Khi tin hnh lc b, tt c cc bn c bc kn hai mt

bng vi lc.


34


35/81


Tin hnh lc

Trc khi lc phi tin hnh v sinh my lc v chun b bng cch: giy lc c

git sch bng nc l v luc bng nc si, sy kh, lp vo my p cht, lc ny

cho nc 950C chy trong 1 gi th kn v kh trng, sau cho nc lnh v

trung lm gim nhit ca my lc xung.

Khi lc th ho trn bia v bt diatomit vo thng ho trn v c khuy thnh

huyn ph, sau bm quay vng vo my lc nhiu ln to mng trn li lc.

Sau khi to c mng ri th bt u tin hnh lc.

2.10. Bo ho CO2.

Trong qu trnh ln men mt lng ln CO2 thot ra nhng vn cn nhiu CO2 ho

tan trong bia. Qu trnh lc, CO2 thot i nhiu, bia thnh phm c lng CO2theo yu cu cn thit th phi np thm CO2 vo bia.

Sau khi lc xong nhit bia ln n 7 80C, cho nn thng np CO2 phi c h

thng nc mui bao quanh nhm h nhit bia non xung 1 20C. Bia c bm

vo theo ng ng t di ln trnh si bt, chim 80% th tch thng. Khi

bm xong, ng cc van li, m van np CO2 vo thng. CO2 trc khi a vo

thng c x ly qua bnh cha KMnO4 0,1%, bnh cha bng v than hot tnh,

p sut np CO2 l 4 5kG/cm3. Thi gian tng p lc l 15 30 pht, gi p sutny trong khong 12 gi. lng CO2 ho tan ti a tin hnh np 2 3 ln, sau

khi np lng CO2 t 3,5 g/l.

2.11. Chit chai.

- Phng php chit chai: theo nguyn tc ng p

Chai c s dng l chai loi 450 ml c mu xanh trnh s tc ng ca nh

sng lm gim cht lng ca bia. Qu trnh chit chai c thc hin nh mt h

thng dy chuyn lin hon do c sn sut c cng sut 20000 chai/h. Trong dy

chuyn u tin l h thng ra chai v ra keg. My ra chai dng nc nng, axit,

xt, v nc thng. Chai sau khi ra p ng y tiu chun v sinh c vn

chuyn trn bng ti, qua mt h thng soi chai c kim tra, ti my chit v dp nt.


35


36/81


My chit hot ng theo nguyn tc chit ng p. Trc khi chit chai c np

CO2 ui ht khng kh, trnh gy oxy ho cho bia. Sau khi chit v dp nt, chai

c chuyn ti my thanh trng.

2.12. Thanh trng, dn nhn.

- Thanh trng:

Chai bia sau khi chit c thanh trng vi nhit , thi gian cn thit tiu dit

ton b vi sinh vt, nm mc, gip cho qu trnh bo qun c lu di.

+ Chu k hot ng 60 pht,thi gian gia nhit 27 pht, gi nhit 10, h

nhit 23 pht. Hm thanh trng c 8 khoang, mi khoang phun nc 1 nhit

khc nhau

+ Gia nhit 4 190

bng nc 280

C.+ Gia nhit 19 330 bng nc 420C

+ Gia nhit 33 470 bng nc 480C.

+ Gia nhit 47 640 bng nc 640C.

+ Gi nhit 640 bng nc 680C.

+ H nhit 64 590 bng nc 620C

+ H nhit 59 490 bng nc 400C.

+ Gia nhit 49 360bng nc 320C.- Dn nhn

Bia sau khi thanh trng xong c a sang thit b dn nhn, in ngy sn sut ri

c a ti my gp kt v my bc chuyn vo kho bo qun hoc xut ra th

trng.


36


37/81


Phn IIILp k hoch sn xut v tnh cn bng sn phm

3.1. Lp k hoch sn xut

Gi thit 1 nm nh my sn xut 300 ngy, nhng ngy cn li l thi gian ngh sa cha, bo dng thit b, my mc v v sinh nh xng ...

Mi nm chia ra l 4 qu, mi qu 3 thng, mi thng sn xut 25 ngy, mi ngy

sn xut 6 m. Bia sn xut quanh nm nhng sn lng bia nhiu hay t ph thuc

vo thi tit trong nm: ma nng hay ma lnh. V ch sn xut 1 sn phm duy

nht l bia chai.

Bng 2.1. Bng k hoch sn xut theo nng sut 45 triu lt / nm.

Qu I II III IVNng sut

(%)

20% 30% 30% 20%

Nng sut (l) 9000000 13500000 13500000 9000000S lt / thng 3000000 4500000 4500000 3000000S lt / ngy 120000 180000 180000 120000S m / ngy 5 5 5 5

S lt / m 24000 36000 36000 24000+ K hoch sn xut theo cc qu nh sau:

- Qu I, IV vo ma lnh, s ngy sn xut l 75 ngy/ qu: sn xut 9000000 lt miqu.

- Qu II, III vo ma nng, s ngy sn xut l 75 ngy/ qu: sn xut 13500000 lt

mi qu.

+ La chn phng n sn xut:

- Dng 1 dy chuyn lm vic trong phn xng nu, khi nng sut 1 m

l: 36000lt. Cc thit b trong phn xng nu nu th tch ln th phi chia

ra lm nhiu thit b nh.

- Sau 5 m nu em ln men mt ln vo thng ln men.


37


38/81


- Dy chuyn sn xut c tnh ton v la chn theo da trn c s nng

sut hot ng cao nht ca nh my: tnh ton thit b theo m lm vic ca

ca qu II v III.

3.2. Tnh cn bng sn phm.

Cc thng s.

Cc ch s yu cu i vi nguyn liu chnh cho sn xut bia l:

- Malt c m W = 6%, hiu sut ho tan l 80% so vi cht kh.

- Go c m W = 13%, hiu sut ho tan l 85% so vi cht kh.

- T l nguyn liu: malt l 75%, go l 25%.

- Dch ng c nng 120Bx

- 2g hoa cnh/ 1 lt bia.+ Tn tht tnh theo % ca tng cng on sn xut:

- Nghin: tn tht 0,5% so vi trng lng nguyn liu.

- Nu go, ng ho, lc: 3% so vi cht kh.

- Nu hoa: 10% so vi th tch trc nu.

- Lng xoy v lm lnh nhanh: 2,5%.

- Ln men chnh, ph: 5%

- Lc bia: 1,5% so vi th tch bia.- Bo ho CO2: 0,5%.

- Chit chai: 4%

3.2.1. Tnh ngc: Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1000l bia chai 120BX.

- Chit chai tn tht 4%, lng bia sau bo ha CO2 l:

)(7,104104,01

1000l=

-

Qu trnh sc CO2 tn tht 0,5%, lng bia sau lc l:_)(9,1046

005,01

7,1041l=

- L c bia tn tht 1,5 %, lng bia sau khi ln men l:


38


39/81


)(8,1062015,01

9,1046l=

- Ln men chnh, ph tn tht 5% lng dch ng a i ln men l:

)(8,1118

05,01

8,1062l=

- Lng xoy v lm lnh nhanh tn tht 2,5%, lng dch ng sau nu hoa:

)(5,1147025,01

8,1118l=

- Nu hoa tn tht 10%,th tch dch trc nu hoa l:

)(97,12741,01

5,1147l=

- Ti 200C dich lnh c d = 1,048 kg/l nn khi lng dch ng sau nu:

1147,5 1,048 = 1202.6 (kg)

- Dch ng c nng 120Bx nn lng cht chit c trong dch ng l:

12% 1202,6 = 144,3 (kg)

- Nu, ng ho, lc tn tht 3%, tng lng cht chit ban u thu c t

malt v go l:

)(77,14803,01

3,144kg=

3.2.1.1. Tnh khi lng malt & go:

+ Gi M l khi lng malt cn dng

- Lng cht chit c trong malt l:

M 0,995 0,94 0,8 = 0,748M

+ Lng go cn thit l:

M75,0

25,0

- Lng cht chit c trong go:

M75,0

25,0 0,995 0,87 0,85 = 0,245M

+ Tng lng cht chit thu c t malt & go l:


39


40/81


0,748M + 0,245M = 148,77

0,993M = 148,77

lng malt l: M = 149,8 (kg)

lng go l: 9,498,14975,025,0

= (kg)

3.2.1.2. Tnh lng men.

+ Th tch len ging bng 10% th tch dch trc ln men:

0,1 1118,8 = 111,88 (l)

+ Th tch men sa bng 1% th tch dch trc ln men:

0,01 1118,8 = 11,188 (l)

3.2.1.3. Tnh ton cn ca bia sau ln men:Lng cht chit 148,77, gi thit hiu sut ln men l 65% v coi ton b

lng ng ln men l maltoza. M c 1 kg ng maltoza khi ln men theo l

thuyt cho 0,682 lt cn, do cn ca bia sau khi ln men l:

148,77 x 0,682 x 0,65 x 100/ 1118,8 = 5,89 (v/v)

3.2.1.4. Tnh lng b malt v go:

+ Kh malt: 149,8 x 0,995 x 0,94 = 140,1 (kg)

+ Kh go: 49,9 x 0,995 x 0,87 = 43,2 (kg) Tng kh go + kh malt: 140,1 + 43,2 = 183,3 (kg)

Ta c: tng lng cht chit t go & malt l 148,77 kg.

+ Lng b kh = tng kh go & malt tng chit go & malt

= 183,3 148,77= 34,53 (kg)

+ B m thu phn 80%: )(65,1728,01

53,34kg=

+ Lng nc trong b: = lng b m lng b kh = 172,65 34,53= 138,12(kg)

3.2.1.5. Tnh lng nc nu v ra b.

+ Ni h ho: nc cho vo = 4x(bt go +malt lt(10% lng go))


40


41/81


Nc cho vo l: 4 (49,9 0.995 + 0,1 49,9 0,995) = 218,46 (kg)

Nc c sn trong go v 10% malt lt:

49,9 0,995 0,13 + 49,9 0,995 0,06 0,1 = 6,75 (kg)

Tng lng dch h ho:= Nc cho vo + bt go + malt lt:218,46 + (49,9 0,995 + 49,9 0,995 0,1) = 273,07 (kg)

Khi lng nc bay hi 5%: (218,46 +6,75) x 0.5 = 11,26 kg.

Dch cho sau un cn li c khi lng:

273,07 11,26 = 261,81 (kg).

+ Ni ng ho:

Nc thm vo:

4 (0,995 149,8 0,1 49,9 0,995) = 576,34 (kg)

Nc c sn:

(0,995 149,8 0,1 49,9 0,995) 0,06 = 8,64 (kg)

Tng lng dch em ng ho : = Dch h ha cn li + nc cho vo ni

malt + khi lng malt cn li:

261,81 + 576,34 + (0,995 149,8 0,1 49,9 0,995) = 982,23 (kg)

lng nc trong ni ng ha l:576,34 + 8,64 +(218,46 +6,75 11,26)

=798,93kg

Sau ng ho nc bay hi 4%:

798,93 0,04 = 31,95 (kg).

Lng nc cn li sau ng ha: 798,93 31,5 = 767,43 kg.

Khi lng dch cn li:

982,23 31,95 = 950,27 (kg).

Lng nc trong dch sau nu hoa: 1202,6 (1-12%) = 1058,3 (kg).do lng dchng sau un hoa l:1202,6 kg.

V khi un hoa tn tht 10 %, vy lng nc trong dch trc un hoa:

kg9,11751,01

3,1058=


41


42/81


Lng nc trong b:138,12 kg.

Lng nc cn li sau ng ha: 767,43 kg

Vnc ra b + Vnc cn li sau ng ha = Vnc trong b + Vnc trong dch trc unhoa

Vnc ra b = Vnc trong b + Vnc trong dch trc un hoa Vnc cn li sau ng ha

= 138,12 + 1175,9 767,43 = 546,6 (kg)

3.2.1.6. Tnh cc nguyn liu khc.

Lng ch phm enzyme Termamyl bng 0,1% nguyn liu thay th:

0,1% 49,9 1000 = 49,9 (g)

Cho vo ni h ho: 49,9 0,25 = 12,475 (g)

Cho vo ni ng ho: 49,9 0,75 = 37,425 (g)

Lng ch phm enzyme Cereflo bng 0,06% nguyn liu thay th:

0,06% 49,9 1000 = 29,94 (g)

Lng ch phm enzyme Fungamyl bng 0,08% nguyn liu thay th:

0,08% 49,9 1000 = 39,92 (g)

Lng hoa houblon cn dng tnh theo t l 2g hoa cnh/lt bia :

2 1000 = 2000 (g) = 2 (kg)

Dng 30% cao hoa, 70% hoa vin v lng cao hoa tng ng vi 6kg hoa cnh &

1kg hoa vin tng ng vi 1,4kg hoa cnh.

* Lng cao hoa l:6

2%30 = 0,1(kg).

* Lng hoa vin l:4.1

2%70 = 1(kg).

3.2.1.7. Lng bt tr lc diatomit:

Lng bt tr lc cn dng ty thuc vo cht lng bt, thit b lc v b

mt lc. Thng thng c 1000 lt bia cn 0,37 kg bt tr lc nn lng bt cn dngl: 1000x 0,37/ 1000 = 0, 37 kg

3.2.1.8. Tnh cc sn phm ph.


42


43/81


+ B hoa c m 85%, lng cht kh khng ha tan trong hoa cnh v

hoa vin l 60%, cao hoa c lng b khng ng k nn b hoa ch yu l b

hoa vin nn lng b hoa l:0,85-1

x0,62= 8(kg).

+ Cn lng bng 1,75% nguyn liu, m 80%:

)(47,178,01

)9,498,149(%75,1kg=

+

+ Sa men bng 1,53% sn phm, m 85%:

)(10285,01

1000%53,1l=

+ Lng CO2:

C12H22O11 + H2 O 2C6H12O6342g

2C6H12O6 4C2H5OH + 4CO2

176 g

Th tch dch trc khi ln men l 1118,8(l), khi lng ring d = 1,048kg/l. Vy

khi lng dch trc ln men l:

1118,8 1,048 = 1172,5(kg)

Lng cht chit trong dch ln men 120Bx:

1172,5 0,12 = 140,7 (kg)

Coi ton b lng ng trong cht chit l ng maltoza vi hiu sut ln men l

55%, khi lng CO2 thu c l:

)(8,39342

17655,07,140 kg=

CO2 ho tan vo bia non 2,5g/l nn khi lng CO2 ho tan l:

2,5 1062,8 = 2,39 (kg).Khi lng CO2 thot ra thu hi c 70% khi lng CO2 thot ra:

70% (39,8 2,39) = 26,18 (kg)

Khi lng ring ca CO2 200C l 1,832 kg/m, th tch CO2 thu hi c l:


43


44/81


)(29,14832,1

18,26 3m=

bo ho CO2 trong bia l 4,5g/l bia non nn lng CO2 cn b sung l:

1046,9 (4,5 2) = 2,62 (kg)

Th tch CO2 b sung l:

)(43,1832,1

62,2 3m=


44


45/81



45


46/81


Bng 2.2. Bng tm tt cn bng sn phm cho 1000 lt bia chai.

3.2. Tnh v chn thit b

3.2.1 Phn xng nu.

3.2.1.1. Thit b phn xng nghin.

Nguyn liu c cn ring r tng loi, mi my nghin dng mt cn.

+ Cn go:- Lng go ln nht trong 1 m l: 1796,4kg.

- Lng go ln nht trong 1 ngy l: 8982kg.

+ Cn malt:


Hng mc n v 1000l bia 1 m 1 ngy 1 nmMalt kg 149,8 5392.8 26964 8089200Go kg 49,9 1796.4 8982 2694600

Termamyl g 49,9 1796.4 8982 2694600Cereflo g 29,94 1077.84 5389.2 1616760

Fungamyl g 39,92 1437.12 7185.6 2155680Cao hoa kg 0, 1 3.6 18 5400Hoa vin kg 1 36 180 54000

Men ging l 111,88 4027.68 20138.4 6041520Sa men l 11,188 402.768 20138.4 6041520

Dch nng l 1147,5 41310 206550 61965000Dch lnh l 1118,8 40276.8 201384 60415200Bia non l 1062,8 36964.8 191304 57391200

Bia lc l 1046,9 37688.4 188442 56532600Bia bo ho l 1041,7 37501.2 187506 56251800

B m kg 172,65 6215,4 31077 9323100B hoa kg 8 288 1440 432000

Cn lng kg 17,47 628.92 2795.2 838560Sa men l 102 3672 18360 5508000

CO2 thu hi m3 14,29 514.44 2572.2 771660CO2 b sung m3 1,43 51.48 257.4 77220

Nc cho vo

h hal 218,46 7864.56 39322.8 11796840

Nc cho

vonghol 576,34 20748,24 103741.2 31122360

Ncra b l 546,6 16398 98388 29516400

46


47/81


- Lng malt ln nht nht trong 1 m l: 5392,8kg.

- Lng malt ln nht trong 1 ngy l: 26964 kg.

Chn cn.

- Chn cn in t ch th s digital.

- Chn cn cho ton b dy chuyn nng sut ca cn m ln nht 5000.5

kg.

- Cc thit b cm bin ca cn, h thng khuych i tn hiu c tnh ton

m bo chng nhiu cn hot ng chnh xc.

Chn my nghin.

- My nghin malt.

+ Lng malt ti a cho 1 m l: 5392,8kg. Thi gian lm vic ca my l 4h/ ca,ngy lm vic 3 ca, ngy nghin 6 m, thi gian nghin mi m l 3h, h s s dng

my l: 0,75. Vy lng malt nghin trong 1 h l:

5392,8/ ( 3x 0,75) = 1997,3 kg/h

=>Vy ta chn:

- Loi my nghin 2 cp trc, nng sut 3000 kg/h.

- Kch thc trc nghin: ng knh 250mm, di 600 mm.

- khong cch gia 2 trc: 1,25 mm- C mt phu cha malt cha nghin.

- Vt liu ch to: thp CT3 dy 3mm.

- Cng sut ng c 11 kw.

- S lng: chn 1 my nghin.

- My nghin go.

Tng t: ta c lng go nghin trong 1 h l:

1796.4 / ( 3 x 0,75) = 798,4 kg/h

Loi my nghin ba, cng sut 1000 kg/h.Kch thc bung nghin: ng

knh 500mm, rng 200 mm.

- C mt phu cha go cha nghin, c h thng tch lng bi.


47


48/81


- Vt liu ch to: thp khng r dy 3mm.

- Cng sut ng c 6 kw.

3.2.1.2. Tnh ton v chn thit b h ho.

Tnh kch thc ni:+ Chn thit b h ho:

Chn thit b h ho l thit b thn tr, y chm cu v np hnh nn c cc kch

thc nh sau

- ng knh D.

- Chiu cao tr H = 1,4D.

- chiu cao y h1=0,2D

- chiu cao np h2= 0,15D.

- S lng: 2 thit b.

+ Tnh ton:

- Lng nguyn liu a vo ni nu go, gm c bt v malt lt bng 10%

lng bt go l:

1796.4 0,995 + 10% 1796.4 0,995 =1966.2 (kg)

- Lng nc a vo ni h ho 7864.56 lt, vy tng khi lng dch h ho l:

7864.56 + 1966.2 = 9830.7(kg)

- Khi lng ring ca dch l 1,08 tn/ m3, vy th tch dch nu l:


48


49/81


)(1,908,1

9,8307 3mVd ==

- H s cha y ca ni l 0,75, dng 1 ni, vy th tch ca 1 ni l:

V =75.0

Vd=

75.0

1.9= 12,1m3

- Vy th tch ni l:

Vt = )68

(4

3

11

22

hhD

HD

++ = 12,1

Vt = 322

)2,0(6

2,084

DDD

HD

++ = 12,1

Vt= 1,18D3 = 12,1 ( m3)

D = 318,1

12,1= 2,17(m)

- Chn ng knh ni l D = 2200mm.

Lp v o hi dy 100mm

ng knh ngoi: Dn = 2200 + 2 x 100 = 2400mm

Chiu cao tr: H = 2200 x 1,4 = 3080mm.

Chiu cao y: h1 = 2200 x 0,2 = 440mm.

Chiu cao np: h2 = 2200 x 0,15= 330mm.

Chn cnh khuy cong c dng hnh m neo.

d =0,8D = 2200 x0,8 = 1760 mm.

Tnh din tch truyn nhit.

Ly din tch b mt truyn nhit: 0,5 m2/ m3 dch, th tch dch trong 1 ni h ha

l: 4,55 m3 , vy tng din tch b mt truyn nhit tnh cho 1 ni l:

F = 0,5 x 4,55 = 2,275 m2

c tnh k thut ca ni h ho:

- Ni thn tr, y chm cu v np hnh nn c ch to bng vt liu thp khng

r.ng knh ni 2200mm, chiu cao phn thn trn

3080mm, tc khuy 32v/pht

3.2.1.3. Tnh ton v chn thit b ng ho


49


50/81


Tnh kch thc ni.

+ Chn thit b ng ho:

Chn thit b ng ha c 2 v, thn hnh tr, y hnh chm cu v np hnh nn

c cc kch thc nh sau

- ng knh D.


- Chiu cao y h1 =0,2 D

- Chiu cao np h2= 0,15D.

- S lng: 2 thit b.

+ Tnh kch thc ni

- Tng lng dch em ng ho 1 m nu l: 982,23 x36 = 35360,28 kg.- Khi lng ring d = 1,08 tn/ m3 nn th tch ca dch ng ho l:

)(741,3208,1

35,36028 3mVd ==

- H s s dng ni l = 0,75 vy th tch thc ca 1 ni l:

Vt = 75,02741,32

= 21,82 m3

- Vy th tch ni l:

Vt = )68

(4

3

11

22

hhD

HD

++ = 21.82

Vt = 322

)2,0(6

2,084

DDD

HD

++ = 21.82

Vt= 1,18D3 = 21.82( m3)

D = 3272,1

82,21= 2,64(m)

- Chn ng knh ni l D = 2700mm.

Lp v o hi dy 100mm

ng knh ngoi: Dn = 2700 + 2 100 = 2900mm

Chiu cao tr: H = 2700 1,4 = 3780mm

Chiu cao y: h1 = 2700 0,2= 540mm.


50


51/81


Chiu cao np: h2 = 2700 0,15 = 405 mm

Chn cnh khuy cong c dng hnh m neo. Tra s tay ho cng 1 c ng

knh cnh khuy l:

d = 0,8D =2160 mm.

- Tnh din tch truyn nhit.

Ly din tch b mt truyn nhit: 0,5 m2/ m3 dch, th tch dch trong 1 ng ha

l: 16,2 m3 , vy din tch b mt truyn nhit l:

F = 0,5 x 16,2 = 8,18 m2.

c tnh k thut ca mi ni ng ho:

- Thit b ng ha l thit b gia nhit loi hai v thn tr, y chm cu v np

hnh nn c lm bng vt liu thp khng r.- ng knh ni 2700mm, chiu cao phn thn tr 3780mm, ng knh cnh

khuy 2160 mm, tc khuy 32 v/ pht.

2.2.1.4. Tnh v chn thit b lc dch ng

+ Chn thng lc y bng.

Thn hnh tr, lm bng thp khng g, c cc thng s k thut sau:

- Khong cch t y tht n y gi l 20 cm.

- H s y thn tr l 0,85.- ng knh D.

- Chiu cao nh h = 0,15D.

- To gc nghing y gi l 1,50

- S lng: 2 thit b.

+ Tnh ton


51


52/81


Hnh 2.3: Thit b lc y bng

- Khi lng b malt v go sau 1 m nu l: 6215,4kg = 6,2154tn, khi lng

ring ca b: 0,75 tn/ m3.

Suy ra th tch b: 75,02154,6 = 8,28 m3

Chn chiu cao lp b l 0,6 ( v chiu cao thch hp l 0,4 0,6).

- Din tch y lc mi thit b:6,02

28,8

= 6,9 m2

ng knh mi thng lc l: D =

49,6 = 2,9m , chn D = 2,9 m, ng knh

ngoi: 3,1 m, chiu cao np: 0,15 D = 0,44m.

- Khi lng dch cn li sau ng ha l:1000

36000027,950 = 34,2tn. Khi lng

ring dch ng sau ng ha l: 1,06 tn/ m3.

- Th tch dch trong 1 thng l:06,12

2,34

= 16,1 m3

Chiu cao dch: hd =s

Vd =67,7

1,16= 2,1m3. Th tch s dng ca thng 85%, chiu

cao thn tr ca thng: Ht= 85,0dh

= 2,47m. y gi cch y tht 2 cm, chiu cao

phn hnh tr thng: H = 2,47 + 0,02 =2,49 m,

Vy th tch thc ca mi thng l: Vt =4

2HD

= 16,3 m3


52


53/81


3.2.1.5. Tnh v chn thit b nu hoa.

Tnh kch thc ni.

+ Chn thit b nu hoa:

Chn thit b nu hoa c thn hnh tr, y chm cu v np hnh

nn c cc kch thc nh sau

- ng knh D.


- chiu cao y h1 =0,2 D

- chiu cao np h2= 0,15D.

- S lng: 2 thit b.

+ Tnh kch thc

- H s y ca ni phi thp v dch khi si nhit cao s tro ln chim

mt th tch ln, chn h s y l 0,70.

- Lng dch ng trc khi a vo nu hoa l 1274,97 l tnh cho 1000 l bia

thnh phm Vy 1 m s l:

V = 1274,97 36 = 45898,8(l) =46 (m3)

Vy tnh cho 1 thit b th: Vt = 7,0246

= 32,8m3

- Vy th tch ni l: Vt = )68

(4

3

11

22

hhD

HD

++ = 32,8m3

Vt = 322

)2,0(6

2,084

DDD

HD

++ = 32,8m3

Vt= 1,18D3 = 32,8m3 ( m3)

D = 318,1

8,32= 3,03(m3)

Chn ng knh ni l D = 3100mm.

Lp v o hi dy 100mm


53

Hnh 2.4: Thit b nu


54/81


ng knh ngoi: Dn = 3100 + 2 x 100 = 3300mm

Chiu cao tr: H = 3100 x 1,4 = 4340mm

Chiu cao y: h1 = 3100 x 0,2 = 620mm.

Chiu cao np: h2 = 3100 x 0,15 = 465mm.


Ly din tch b mt truyn nhit: 0,5 m2/ m3 dch, th tch dch trong 1 ni nu hoa

l: 23 m3 , vy din tch b mt truyn nhit l:

F = 0,5 x 23 = 11.5 m2.

c tnh k thut ca ni nu hoa:

- Thit b nu l loi thit b hnh tr, gia nhit kiu ng chm, dung tch

32,8m3

, chiu cao 4340mm, ng knh tr 3100mm lm bng thp khng r.3.2.1.6. Tnh v chn thng lng xoy.

Tnh kch thc thng.

- Lng dch sau un hoa cho mi m l: 1202,6 x 36= 43293,6(kg).khi

lng ring ca dch l: 1.08 kg/lt

=> Vd =43293,6/ 1.08 = 40086.6 (l) = 41 (m3)

- S dng thng lng xoy lng cn v lm lnh nhanh s b vi h s

y 0,75.

- Chn 2 thng.

- Th tch thc ca 1 thng l:

Vt = 75,0241

= 27,3 m3

- Thng lng xoy y bng khi lp t phi nghing (8-10%) dch c

tho ra ht, cc thng s k thut ca ni:ng knh D, y bng hi nghing 3 - 50

Chiu cao tr H = D.

Np hnh nn, chiu cao np h2 = 0,15 D


54


55/81


- Th tch thng tnh theo cng thc:

Vt = HD

4

2

= 27,3 m3

Vt= 0,785D3 = 27,3 m3 ( m3)

D = 3785,0

3,27= 3,2(m3)

Vy ng knh ni lng xoy D = 3,2 m,

Chiu cao tr H = 1 x 3,2 = 3,2 m.

Chiu cao np h2 = 0,15 x 3,2 = 0,48m.

c tnh k thut ca thit b.

- Thit b ny rt n gin ch l mt thit b hnh tr c dung tch 27,3 m3,

ng knh 3200mm, chiu cao 3200mm.

3.2.1.7. Thit b lm lnh nhanh.


- My trao i nhit tm bn 1 cp lm bng thp khng r, c kt cu khung

vi c cu p bc thp khng r, tm bn bng thp khng r dy 0,1mm,

giong bng cao su, cc bch ni bng thp khng r.

- C b iu chnh lu lng nc tan m bo nhit ra lun n nh

theo yu cu.

- My c th h nhit ca dch ng nng t 960C xung 80C bng cch

trao i nhit vi nc tan t 20 ln 800C vi cng sut 200hl/h.

- C ch th o nhit dch n h thng ln men.


- Cng thc tnh din tch b mt truyn nhit l:

)(2m

tk

QF

tb=

+ Q: tng lng nhit dng nng nhit dch cho ln cc im dng nhit .


55


56/81


+ K: h s truyn nhit t hi n dch, kcal/m2.h..

+ tb: hiu s nhit trung bnh.

)/( hkcalT

QQQ ttm

+=

T : thi gian

Qm : lng nhit cn cung cp cho dch cho trong giai on nht nh.

Qtt = 5% Qm : lng nhit tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh.

Tnh Q:

- Q c xc nh bi chu k ti nhit ln nht, l chu k gim nhit

khi dch t 960C xung 80C trong 120 pht.

Q = m C t

+ m : khi lng dch ng sau lng xoy ca 1 m, coi qu trnh bay hi khng

ng k,

= 1,08 kg/ lt m =1118,8 1,08 x 36= 43498,9 kg

+ C: nhit dung ring ca khi dch, kcal/kg0C. Tra s tay ho cng I c:

C = 0,95 (kcal/m2.h.)

Qm = 43498,9 0,95 (96 -8) = 3636511.7 (kcal)

- Nhit tn tht:Qtt = 5% Qm = 0,05 3636511.7 = 181825.5 (kcal)

Vy lng nhit cn cung cp l:

Tnh K:

- Cng thc tnh h s trun nhit k

2

21

1

11

1

++++

=

rr

k


56

)/(6,1909168

60

120

181825.53636511.7hkcal

T

QQQ ttm =

+=

+=


57/81


+ 1: h s cp nhit t hi nc nng vo v thit b.

1 = 6000 kcal/m2.h.

+ 2: h s cp nhit ca dch

p20002 = \ p: p p sut ca hi nc

m bo vn hnh sn xut cn p sut hi p = 2at

2 = 2000 2 = 2828,4( (kcal/m2.h.)

+ = 5mm = 0,005m: b dy ca v thit b.

+ : h s dn nhit ca v thit b, v thit b lm bng thp khng r nn: = 300

kcal/m2.h.

+21

1,

1

rr: h s dn nhit trung bnh ca cn bn bm vo 2 pha v thit b.

5000

11 =r i vi hi nc

5000

12 =r i vi cht hu c, dung dch mui

)..kcal/m(363,1067

42,2828

1

5000

1

300

005,0

5000

1

6000

1

1

2dohk

k

=

++++

=

Tnh t:Thc cht hnh thc trao i nhit y l hnh thc trao i nhit kiu gin tip.

Cng thc tnh:

21

1

21

lnt

t

ttttb

=

- t1: hiu s ln nhit gia hi lnh v khi dch.

t1 = 96 2 = 94(C)- t2: hiu s gia nhit gia nc v khi dch.

t2 = 80 8 = 72 (C)

Vy ta c:


57

96 80

82


58/81


Cttb

=

= 81

72

94ln

7294

Tnh F:

- Din tch b mt truyn nhit:)(1,22

81363,1067

6,1909168 2m

tk

QF

tb

=

=

=

- Chn din tch mi tm truyn nhit l 0,6 0,8 (m2)

- S tm l :48,0

1.22= 47 tm

3.2.1.8. Thit b un nc nng.

Tnh kch thc ni.

Nc nng trong qu trnh nu bao gm:

- Nc v sinh: nc ra thit b. Khong 8% thit b ln nht

- Nc cng nghip: nc dng nu v ra b.

+ Tnh nc v sinh:

- Ni ln nht l ni nu hoa. Th tch nc cn v sinh khong:

0,08 x 2( Vni nu hoa) = 0,08 x 2x32,8= 5,24m3

+ Tnh nc cho dy chuyn nu:

Lng nc dng cho ra b l: N1 = 546,6 x 36 = 19677,6 (l). =19,7 m3

- Lng nc dng nu v ng ho:

N2 = 7864.56+ 20748,24= 28612,8 (l)

Vy lng nc dng cho cng nghip l:

Ncn = N1 + N2 = 19,7 + 28,61= 48,31(m3)

Vy tng lng nc cn dng l:

N = 5,24 + 48,31 = 53,55(m3

)+ Chn thit b.

- Thit b c chn dng thn tr,y bng, np hnh chm cu c cc thng s k

thut:


58


59/81


- S lng l: 2 thit b

ng knh D, chiu cao tr H = 1,5D.

Chiu cao np: h = 0,1D.

H s y ca thng: 0,85.

Vy th tch thc ca 1 thng l:

Vt = 85,0253,55

= 31,5 m3

- Ta c cng thc:

Vt = HD

4

2 = 31,5

D = 3178,1

5,31= 2,99(m)

Vy ng knh thng D = 3 m.

Chiu cao tr: H = 4,5 m; chiu cao np h = 0,3 m.

3.2.1.9. Tnh v chn h thng CIP cho nh nu bia.

H thng CIP cho nh nu bia c 3 thng gm:

- 1 thng cha NaOH 2%.

- 1 thng cha axit HNO3 0,1%.

- 1 thng cha nc.Mi m nu xong thng c v sinh vi th tch cht lng bng 8% th tch

thng nu (v lng CIP ra bng 5 8% th tch thng nu). C 5 m trong 1 ngy,

tuy nhin ch tnh cho mt m nu. V ni nu hoa ln nht nn tnh th tch mi

thng CIP theo th tch ni nu hoa.

Th tch 1 ni nu hoa: V = 32,8 m3. 1 m nu s dng 2 ni nu hoa

H s s dng ca thng CIP l 0,8, vy th tch ca mi thng CIP l:

Vt = 8,008,028,32 = 6,56 m3

Chn cu to thng:

- ng knh D.


59


60/81



- Np hnh cu, chiu cao h2 = 0,1 D.

- y hnh chm cu, chiu cao h1 = 0,1 D.

Cng thc tnh th tch thng:

- Vy th tch ni l: Vt = )68

(4

3

11

22

hhD

HD

++ = 6,56m3

D = 3218,1

56,6= 1,75(m)

Vy ng knh mi thng CIP: D = 1,8 m.

Chiu cao tr H = 1,8 1,5 = 2,7 m.

Chiu cao y h1 = 0,1 1,8 = 0,18 m.

Chiu cao np h2 = 0,1 1,5 = 0,18 m.

- Trn np thng c ca a ho cht vo thng theo tng m, c ng ng

dn nc x l ho tan v pha long ho cht.

- Nhc im ca thng l khng t ng ho, phi pha ho cht theo tng m.

- u im l thit b gn, khng cng knh, d vn hnh thao tc.

3.2.2. Phn xng ln men.

3.2.2.1. Tnh v chn thng ln men.


60


61/81


D H

h3

h4

h1

D: ng knh thit b (m)

h1: chiu cao phn nn (m)

H: chiu cao phn tr cha dch ng (m)

h3: chiu cao phn tr khng cha dch ng (m)

h4: chiu cao phn tr phn np (m)

Th tch dch ln men trong 1 ngy: Vd = 201384(lt) 201,384 (m3) (c 5 m

trong ngy u cho vo 1 tank ln men). y cng chnh l th tch hu ch ca thit

b.

Chn:

H = 1,5D

h1 =2

1 D tg60o 0,866D

Ta c:

Vd =4

2D H +31

4

2D h1 0,447 D3

Vy:


61


62/81


D = 3447,0

dV = 3447,0

384,201

5,3 (m)

h1 = 0,866 5,3 = 4,589 (m)

H = 1,5 5,3 = 7,95 (m)

Th tch phn khng cha dch (15% th tch hu ch):

Vtrng = 0,15 Vd = 31,36 (m3)

Th tch thc ca thit b:

Vthc = Vd + Vtrng = 201,384+ 31,36 = 232,74 (m3)

h3 = 24

D Vtrng 1,42(m)

h4 = 0,2D = 1,06 (m)

Chiu cao thit b:

H1 = h1 + H + h3 + h4 = 15,01 (m)

Chn khong cch t y thit b n sn nh l 0,8 (m). Chiu cao ton b thit b

l:

Ht = H1 + 0,8 = 15,81 (m)

Tnh s thng ln men:

- S thng ln men tnh theo cng thc:1+

=

tV

TVN

T: chu k ln men, ngy.

Chn thi gian ln men chnh: 6 ngy.

Chn thi gian ln men ph: 10 ngy.

Chu k ln men: T = 6 + 10 + 1 = 17 (ngy)

- Mi thng ln men cha lng dch ln men bng lng dch ng nuc trong mt ngy nn coi Vt = V.

Vy s thng l N = 17 + 1 = 18 (thng).



62


63/81


- Tank ln men l thit b hnh tr nn gm 18 chic, c t ngoi tri trn

sn b tng cao > 1m, m bo chu c ti trng, gi bo.

- Nhit mi trng khng nh hng n cng ngh ln men, tn tht nhit

t nht, kn tuyt i, khng nc ma, nc v sinh ngm vo lp bo n.

- Vt liu ch to cc tank bng thp khng r. Dung tch s dng 201,384 m 3;

y 60;

+ng knh thng D = 5,3 m.

+ h1 = 4,589 m.

+ H = 7,95 m.

+ h3 = 1,42m.

+ h4 =1,06 m,3.2.2.2. Tnh v chn thng nhn men cp 2.

Thit b gy men ging cp 2

Chn thng c y v np hnh chm cu to iu kin cho men phn tn u

trong dch, khng b kt lng di y cn

D

h4

h3

H

h1

Th tch hu ch ca thit b:

V2 =10

1 Vd = 201,384 (lt) 20,1384 (m3).

Chn:

H = D

h1 = 0,2D

Ta c:


63


64/81


V2 =4

2D H +

2

18

Dh

+ 316h

0,276 D3

Vy:

D = 276,032V

=3

276,0

1384,20

2,853 (m) = 2853 (mm)

h1 = 0,2 2,853 0,57(m)

H = 2,853 (m)

Th tch phn khng cha dch (15% th tch hu ch):

Vtrng = 0,15 x V2 = 3,02 (m3)

Th tch thc ca thit b:

Vthc = V2 + Vtrng = 23,159 (m3)

h3 = 24

D Vtrng = 2

4

.2,485 x 3,02= 0,62 (m)

h4 = 0,2D = 0,57 (m)

Chiu cao thit b:

H1 = h1 + H + h3 + h4 = 4,613 (m)

Chn khong cch t y thit b n sn nh l 0,8 (m). Chiu cao ton b thit b

l:

H2 = H1 + 0,8 = 5,413(m)


- Thng nhn men cp 2 hnh tr, np hnh chm cu, y cn.

+ Dung tch 23,19 m3.

+ng knh thng D = 2,853 m.

+ h1 = 0,57 m.

+ H = 2,853m.+ h3 = 0,62 m.

+ h4 = 0,57 m,

- V lm lnh: p lc vn hnh 2 bar, nhit vn hnh l 2 -4C.


64


65/81


- Thng c bo n bng polyurethane 100 mm, ngoi bc inox.

- Trang b phn nh: c 1 ca v sinh; 1 ng vi vi u phun CIP; c van

an ton, van chn khng.

- Trang b phn tr: 1 van ly mu; c u vo v ra glycol lm lnh.

- Trang b phn y: 1 u vi cho sc kh; mt u cho cp nhit Pt 100; 1

u van x b.

3.2.2.3. Thng nhn men cp 1.

Tnh kch thc thng.

D

h4

h3

H

h1

Th tch hu ch ca thit b:

V1 =3

1 V2 6,71 (m3).

Chn:

H = D h1 = 0,2D

Documents

Nguyen Dang Hung