[Nhiếp ảnh cơ bản] Tìm hiểu làm chủ máy ảnh P.0 3 Các chế độ chụp_ Tinhte

7/25/2019 [Nhip nh c bn] Tm hiu lm ch my nh P.0 3 Cc ch chp_ Tinhte

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18/11/ 2015 [N hi p nh C B] T m hi u & l m c h m y nh - Phn 3: C c c h c hp | T inhte.v n

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Tt c cc my nh s u h tr nhiu ch chp ngi dng tu chn. Cc ch ny thng c iu chnh bng

vng xoay, nt bm hay la chn trong menu. Cc my nh s nh DSLR chuyn nghip u tin nhiu hn cho cc ch

cho php s can thip ca ngi chp. Cc my nh s tm trung hay bn chuyn th kt hp a dng cc ch t ng vc th mt phn can thip c a ngi dng. Cc my nh du lch ph thng, in thoi ... th u tin cho cc ch chp t

ng. Bi ny tng hp li nhng kin thc v cc ch chp nh cc bn mi chi c th hiu r c tnh mi ch ,

khi no th chn ch no cho ph hp, chn ch no p ng nhu cu c th tt nht...

Chng ta bn vi nhau v:

Phn 1: Tm hiu & Lm ch my nh:Cu trc & cc thnh phn mt chic my nh

Phn 2: Tm hiu & Lm ch my nh:Nguyn l hot ng chp nh

Phn 3, chng ta s tm hiu v trao i v cc ch chp nh:

C c ch chp c th can thip thng s

C c ch chp hon ton t ngChn ch chp: M, A (AV), S (Tv), hay P?

A. CC CH CHP C TH CAN THIP

Cc ch chp c chung mc ch l ngi dng kim sot cc thng s sao cho m bo bc nh ng sng theo

mun. C ba thng s: Khu , Tc , nhy ISO. Tu theo mi ch chp khc nhau, ba thng s ny c iu chnh

t ng hoc do ngi chp iu khin khc nhau. Ba thng s ny c kt hp theo nhiu cch khc nhau cho ra cng

mt lng sng. V d: gim khu mt nc nhng tng tc hay nhy ISO mt nc b tr.

1. Phi hp ba thng s ISO, khu ng knh v tc mn trp:

Chng hn gi nguyn nhy ISO100, ta c Tc v khu s c phi hp vi nhau iu chnh lng sng tcdng vo b cm bin. d hnh dung, ta v d ci ly hng nc ci vi. Vi m ln, ly nhanh y. Vn vi nh cho r tng

git, ci ly y nc sau mt khong thi gian di. Tc v khu lm vic vi nhau gn nh vy.

[Nhip nh CB] Tm hiu & lm ch my nh - Phn 3: Cc ch chp

tuanlionsgF ac eb oo k 3 3 Chia s
https://tinhte.vn/threads/nhiep-anh-cb-tim-hieu-lam-chu-may-anh-phan-2-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong.2396616/https://tinhte.vn/members/tuanlionsg.298/https://tinhte.vn/members/tuanlionsg.298/https://tinhte.vn/members/tuanlionsg.298/https://tinhte.vn/threads/nhiep-anh-cb-tim-hieu-lam-chu-may-anh-phan-2-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong.2396616/https://tinhte.vn/threads/nhiep-anh-cb-tim-hieu-lam-chu-may-anh-phan-1-cau-truc-cac-thanh-phan.2394793/https://tinhte.vn/tags/che-do-chup/


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Vi lng sng ln (khu ln - ch s F nh) th cm bin ch cn khong thi gian l sng ngn (tc trp nhanh) l nhn

lng sng cn thit ( sng). Vi cng mt cng sng, cp thng s 1/500 - f/4, 1/125 - f/5.6, 1/60 - f/8 hay 1/30 -

f/11 ... c cng lng sng vo b cm bin nh nhau.

Nh vy, vi cng mt cng sng, ta c th dng nhiu cp tc khu khc nhau cho cng mt lng sng nh

nhau i vo cm bin nh. Ni cch khc, vi mt gi tr l sng (exposure value - EV), ta c nhiu tu chn thi chp (tc

phi hp vi khu ) khc nhau tu ring. Chng hn mun ly vng nh r (dof) tht su th dng tc chm - khu

nh, mun bt dnh chuyn ng th dng tc nhanh - khu ln.

Tng t nh vy, bn tng gim nhy ISO phi hp vi hai thng s kia. Nhng thng th ISO c cn nhc ring

theo cng ca ngun sng. Chng hn ngoi tri ban ngy th thng dng ISO thp (50-200...) trong nh hay ban m

dng ISO cao hn. V khi quyt nh mc ISO th tip theo l xc nh khu v tc m thi.


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2. Bn ch chp chnh ngi dng c th can thip cc thng s: PSAM:

P / Program

Nikon gi l Program AE mode, Canon gi l Program Shift. Chn ch ny, my s t ng thit lp tc mn trp

v khu ng knh. Nhng nhy sng ISO, b tr sng v cc thit lp khc th bn t thit lp v kim sot. Bn c

th ISO thp nht gim nhiu, v ch P trong trng hp chp nhanh khng cn phi suy ngh tnh ton.

A /Av Aperture Priority

y l ch bn t ng cho php bn ch ng chn khu ( f ca ng knh) theo mun, v my t ng chn

tc mn trp cn thit tng ng vi khu bn chn ng sng. Ch ny cn c gi l u tin khu .

V d bn mun chp khu f/2.8, bn s ch ng chnh khu f/2.8, tc mn trp s t my chn vi tnh trng nh

sng hin ti bn chp.

S /Tv / Shutter Priority

C Nikon v Canon u gi l u tin tc mn trp, nhng Nikon vit tt l ch S, Canon vit tt l ch Tv. Ch ny ngc li ch A / Av trn. Bn ch ng chn tc mn trp v my t ng chn khu tng ng cho ng

sng. Thng chn ch ny khi ngi chp mun duy tr mt tc cao trnh rung lc v khu ph mc cho

my tu chn tng ng.

M (Manual)

C hai hng Nikon & Canon u vit tt l M, nhng Nikon gi l Manual mode, Canon gi l Metered Manual. Ch

ny hay gi l ch chp manual, chnh hon ton bng tay. Bn s phi ch ng chn tc mn trp, khu cho

tt c mi c bm my. c bit, ch ny, bn c th chp tc hon ton ch ng Bulb (bm my v mn trp

m lin tc n khi no th nt chp th mn trp mi ng li) dnh cho cc trng hp phi sng ko di.

3. Gi tr l sng - Ev(Exposure value)

Cc ch chp P, S v A cn c th tinh chnh thm na bng cch tng gim cc gi tr EV. y l thang chia thnh

nhiu nc, mi nc tng ng vi mt t l l sng. Gi tr EV thng c iu chnh bng vng xoay hoc nt bm.


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Vi cng mt cng sng, c th dng nhiu ch chp khc nhau. Chng hn tc 1/500 vi khu f/4 tng ng

1/125 - f/5.6, 1/60 - f/8, 1/30 - f/11 .v.v... c cng lng sng i vo b mt film hay cm bin nh. Nh vy, vi mt gia tr l

sng (exposure value) hay gi tt l EV (nhiu ngi cn gi l thi chp hay gi tr phi sng), ta c nhiu EV khc nhau tu

theo chp khc nhau.

Chng hn mun vng nh r tht su th dng tc mn trp chm, khu nh mun bt dnh nt mt chuyn ng th

dng tc mn trp nhanh, khu ln... Cc my nh thng c thut ton tnh sn theo thang EV (t EV -8 n EV

+21) v thang EV cng c dng xc nh nhy ca kh nng ly nt t ng (autofocus).
https://tinhte.cdnforo.com/store/2015/11/3549490_camera-begining-hocchupanh-tinhte.vn--17.jpghttps://tinhte.cdnforo.com/store/2015/11/3549488_camera-begining-hocchupanh-tinhte.vn--16.jpghttps://tinhte.cdnforo.com/store/2015/11/3549491_camera-begining-hocchupanh-tinhte.vn--20.jpghttps://tinhte.cdnforo.com/store/2015/11/3549489_camera-begining-hocchupanh-tinhte.vn--18.jpg


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V d di, mnh ch chp A, tc l tu chnh khu , cn li tc v ISO t ng my chnh. Chng ta thy tm u

tin khu rt ln: F/1.4 nn cun phim Kodak mu vng m nho tm tip theo khu f/8 th khong r t cun phim xanh

Fuji n cun phim vng Kodak r hn v tip theo tm th ba...


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B. CC CH CHP T NG

Ch chp t ng l my nh xc nh cc thng s v ISO, tc mn trp, khu ng knh... t ng chn cch kthp tng ng vi bi cnh nh sng c th. Trong cc my nh bn chuyn hoc ph thng, k c in thoi u c rt

nhiu ch chp t ng ny.

Nhiu khi chnh nh sn xut cng khng gii thch r rng v cch ng dng, nn ngi dng phi th nghim lm ch

cc ch ny hu c chn la ng tnh hung. Chng hn, nu chn ch chp phong cnh, my s t ng khp khu

nh c trng nh su, t phi cn i ISO v tc cho tng ng sng hoc nu chn ch chp cn cnh

t ng, my s m khu ln lm m nho hu cnh cho ch th ni bt hn, nn li c cch cn i ISO v tc tng

ng.


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Auto

My s t ng chn tt c thng s chp, ngi dng khng can thip bt c thng s no. K hiu thng l ch A

mu xanh hoc ghi r Auto.

Hnh ng / Th thao

My nh s t ng chn cc nhy ISO cao, tc mn trp nhanh bt dnh cc chuyn ng hay ng tc no

ca ch th.

Phong cnh

My nh s t chn cc khu nh (ch s F l con s ln, nh f/8, f/11, f/16...) tng chiu su cho vng nh r nt

(trng su nh, nh nt su).

Chn dung

My nh s m khu ln (ch s F l con s nh, nh f/1.4 , f/2.8, f/3.5...) lm m nho hu cnh (xo phng). C

my c th t ng nhn din khun mt, nht l in thoi, ly nt vo khun mt v tnh ton cn i cc thng s

ph hp hu cnh m ni bt khun mt.

Chp m

My nh s chn tc mn trp chm, ko di, ghi nhn tt nht chi tit vng hu cnh, thm ch l n flash t

ng bt v nhy khi bm nt chp. Thng th n theo my ch ri sng cc vt th gn.

Pho hoa

My nh s chn tc mn trp rt chm (2 giy, 4 giy...) c th ghi nhn nhiu t pho hoa thnh vt sng trong

mt khung nh. Thi gian l sng vo cm bin ko di, nn chp ch ny cn phi gn my nh vo chn my c

nh.

Macro / Close-up

My nh s khng ch vng canh nt khong cch rt gn. My nh c th khp khu nh tng chiu su vng

nh r nt cho vt th c chp.

Bi bin / tuyt


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i tng l bi bin hay tuyt phn chiu nh sng rt mnh nn my nh thng d b "la" v o sng sai, nh chp

d b ti, thiu sng. V vy, chp i tng ny th nn bt qua ch t ng ny, my nh s t ng b tr gia gim

cc thng s c kt qu nh sng.

Burst

Ch ny cho php my nh chp lin tip tht nhanh nhiu khung nh. Ngi ta thng dng ch ny khi chp cc

chuyn ng nhanh chn ra t lot nh mt bc nh c ng tc ng nht.

Cc ch ly nt t ng (phn bit)

AF-S / Single: C hn dng khi chp cc ch tnh, khi my nh ly c nt th vng nt c gi c nh.

AF-C / C ontinuous: dng khi chp cc ch ng, my nh lin tc iu chnh vng ly nt theo chuyn ng ca ch

.

MF / Manual Focus: Ch ly nt th cng, ngi dng t ly nt v my tt ht ch ly nt t ng.

Cc ch n flash

Auto flash: My nh t ng nhy sng n flash khi nhn thy iu kin nh sng yu, lc my nh hiu l

n flash l ngun sng chnh.

OFF flash: Khng cho n flash hot ng nhy sng. My nh s nng nhy ISO ln cao, chn khu ln

nht c th ghi nhn hnh nh trong iu kin ngun sng yu.Fill flash: My nh t iu chnh cn bng ngun sng t nhin v lng sng pht ra t n flash.

Red-eye reduction: My nh s nhy sng n flash mt ln trc khi nhy sng n ln th hai chp nh.

Ln nhy sng u tin nhm lm cho ng t trong mt ngi c chp co li, gim hiu ng mt .

Night scene flash: Mt s my c ch chp ny, l ch chp ban m, my chn tc mn trp chm,

ko di ghi nhn chi tit nh hu cnh v n flash t ng nhy sng soi sng cc i tng gn.

ON flash: n Flash s nhy sng khi chp, bt k l iu kin nh sng th no.

C. CHN CH NO: A (Av), S (Tv) P hay M ?

Ngi cm my c th t iu chnh (manual) theo thng s bo ca h thng o sng trong my, hoc theo kinh nghim.

Nu ta chn u tin khu (A - aperture priority) th my nh s t ng ch tc mn trp. Nu chn u tin tc (S -

shutter priority) th my s t ng chn khu . Nu ta cho my t ng chn la c tc ln khu theo chngtrnh lp trnh sn (P - program). Chn ch no & ti sao?

C hai ch c gi l "bn t ng": A (Av) v S (Tv). Bn phi quyt nh mt trong hai thng s v my nh s chn la

thng s cn li. V c hai cng mt h thng o sng, cng cho mt gi tr l sng (EV) nh nhau trong cng bi cnh nh


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sng. Chn ch no l do hay nhu cu ca ngi chp.

Aperture priority - k hiu l A (aperture) hay Av (Aperture value)

Dnh cho nhu cu chp nh phong cnh, hoc cn ly nt su (vng nh r su / trng su nh su / dof dy) v c

thi gian th th nhn ngm, la chn nh ph hp th thng chn ch A / Av. Chn ch ny, bn ch cn tmy theo mt khu no cho hnh nh c vng nh r theo (thng l f/8 hoc nh hn), khng cn bn tm

n tc mn trp. My nh s t ng chnh tc nhanh chm theo lng sng bn ngoi hoc theo s thay i

khu ca bn.

Khp khu f/8 - 16 c khong nh r dy, nt su, nht l cnh c nhiu lp nh s to cm gic nhn nh c chiu su.


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Shutter priority - k hiu l S (shutter) hay Tv (time value)

Dnh cho nhu cu chuyn chp nh phng s, i tng chuyn ng, th thao, hay cn chp bt dnh nhng din tin

nhanh s chn ch S / Tv. Chn ch ny, ngi chp ch cn t my theo mt tc mn trp no nhanh

khng lm rung nho hnh nh (thng l tc 1/250 tr ln) v c vic bm theo ch , khng cn bn tm n

khu ng knh na. My nh s t ng iu chnh khu (m ln hay khp nh) tu theo lng sng bn ngoi hay

theo thay i tc mn trp ca bn. Ch S / Tv kt hp vi ch chp lin tip (5 fps ... 11fps) s l mt li th

cho nhu cu chp nh chuyn ng, th thao...


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Tr khi c chp m nho cc chuyn ng, thao tc hay dch chuyn no , m c ch chp tc trung bnh hoc

chm mt cht m nho theo mun. Ngi J'rai dt nhng tm khn nhiu mu sc, tay h thon thot.

Program - k hiu l P

Chn ch ny, my nh s t quyt nh c tc mn trp ln khu theo nhng thng s c lp trnh sn.


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Hon ton ph thuc vo kh nng "thng minh" ca my nh tnh ton mi thng s. Ngi chp vn c th thay i,

nhng xoay vng xoay l thay i lun c cp thng s (tc & khu ), nn c th u tin khu hay tc bng

cch .

Manual - k hiu M

Cc ch trn (bn t ng) trn cc my nh chuyn nghip / bn chuyn rt tin li, tu theo mi nhu cu c th v

hiu qu nht nh. Tuy nhin, c nhng trng hp ngi chp cn lm ch tt c mi thng s theo mnh, hoc

trnh s sai st (trong vic o sng) ca my nh cc ch trn, th kinh nghim ca ngi cm my s quyt nh

cc thng s bng ch Manual - M.

Nh vy, tu theo chp, tu nhu cu hay bi cnh chp m chn ch chp ph hp vi bn thn v vi mun cho

bc nh ca mnh. Khng c ch no l chuyn nghip hay ch no l ca nghip d c. Nhanh nhy thnh tho lm

ch ci my nh ca mnh, linh hot s dng ng ch chp vo ng lc s hiu qu hn l chn sai m c ngh mi l

chuyn nghip.

V,

my nh chng c kh nng thu nhn hnh nh nhng n khng h c kh nng quyt nh, d cng ngh ngy cng pht trin

n chng mt, th my nh s thc cht cng nh mt ci my tnh c ng knh cho nh sng i vo. Qu nhiu tu chnh

phc tp c tch hp v thut ton nh sn. Nhng du th no, khng nn nhng iu lm ta qun rng ng sau

ci my nh l nhng g khng th lp trnh hay thut ton nh sn.

Cm n cc bn c bi.

Ch tng t


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# 1T h h a i l c 1 3 : 0 0 S a l n c u i : H m n a y l c 1 9 : 4 0

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F ac eb oo k 3 3 Chia s
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[Nhiếp ảnh cơ bản] Tìm hiểu làm chủ máy ảnh P.0 3 Các chế độ chụp_ Tinhte