Trng i hc Kinh T Nng Khoa Thng K Tin Hc
TI IN TON M MY V NG DNG
Ging vin hng dn : ng Trung Thnh Sinh vin thc hin : Nguyn Kim Anh
Trn Hong Thnh Nguyn Th Hi Trn Th Phc on Th Bo Vy
NNG 10/ 2011
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
LI M UThi gian gn y,ch in ton m my ang l mt trong nhng ch c nhc
n nhiu nht ti cc s kin cng ngh ti Vit Nam, nht l sau hi tho "Hnh
trnh ti cng ngh in ton m my" do Microsoft t chc ngy 2/3/2011 ti H
Ni, vi s tham d ca hn 300 chuyn gia IT v cc nh lnh o ca cc doanh
nghip. D c th gii d on s l "cn sng thn cng ngh " song khi nim in
ton m my vn cn kh mi m ti Vit Nam. Ni dung ca ti chng ti gm cc phn
chnh sau: Chng 1. Tng quan v in ton m my. Chng 2. ng dng in ton m
my Chng 3. So snh gia Cloud Computing v Grid Computing Chng ti chn
thnh gi li cm n n thy ng Trung Thnh gip nhm chng ti hon thnh n ny
Nhm thc hin
Nhm 6-37H11K14.1
1
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
BNG PHN CNG CNG VIC S tt 1 2 Thnh vin Nguyn Kim Anh Trn Hong
Thnh Ni dung cng vic Cc dch v ca TM ng dng trong cng vic_M hnh trin
khai 3 Nguyn Th Hi Cu trc v cch thc hot ng ca TM 4 Trn Th Phc So
snh gia Cloud Computing v Grid Computing. 5 on Th Bo Vy Tng quan v
in ton m my
2
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
MC LCLI M
U....................................................................................................................................................1
BNG PHN CNG CNG
VIC................................................................................................................2
CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V IN TON M
MY......................................................................31.2.3.b
Nhc im:
............................................................................................................................................7
1.3 CU TRC V CCH THC HOT NG CA IN TON M
MY:.............................8 1.3.1. M hnh dch v in ton m
my................................................................81.3.1.a
M hnh tng
quan:..................................................................................................................................8
.................................................................................................................................81.3.1.b.
Cu trc phn lp ca m hnh in ton m
my:................................................................................9
1.3.2. Cach thc hoat ng cua in toan am
my...............................................10 1.3.3 Gii php v
dch
v:.....................................................................................10
1.3.4 Xu hng pht
trin:......................................................................................11CHNG
2. NG DNG CA IN TON M
MY....................................................................13
2.5. MARKET ORIENTED CLOUD COMPUTING:
..........................................................21CHNG 3.
SO SNH GIA CLOUD COMPUTING V GRID
COMPUTING................................25
3.1 CLOUDS, GRIDS V DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
..........................................................25 3.2 SO
SNH GIA GRIDS V CLOUDS
.......................................................................26
3.2.1 M hnh thng mi (Business Model)
..........................................................26 3.2.2
Kin trc (Architecture)
................................................................................27
3.2.3 Qun l ti nguyn (Resource Management)
................................................30 3.2.4 M hnh lp
trnh (Programming Model)
......................................................33 3.2.5 M
hnh ng dng (Application Model)
........................................................34 3.2.6 M
hnh bo mt (Security Model)
................................................................34KT
LUN......................................................................................................................................................35
Chng 1. TNG QUAN V IN TON M MY1.1. t vn : Ngy nay, i vi cc cng
ty, doanh nghip, vic qun l tt, hiu qu d liu ca ring cng ty cng nh d
liu khch hng, i tc l mt trong nhng bi ton c u tin hng u v ang khng
ngng gy kh khn cho h. c th qun l c ngun d liu , ban u cc doanh
nghip phi u t, tnh ton rt3
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
nhiu loi chi ph nh chi ph cho phn cng, phn mm, mng, chi ph cho
qun tr vin, chi ph bo tr, sa cha,Ngoi ra h cn phi tnh ton kh nng m
rng, nng cp thit b, kim sot vic bo mt d liu cng nh tnh sn sng cao
ca d liu. T mt bi ton in hnh nh vy, chng ta thy c rng nu c mt ni
tin cy gip cc doanh nghip qun l tt ngun d liu , cc doanh nghip s
khng cn quan tm n c s h tng, cng ngh m ch tp trung chnh vo cng vic
kinh doanh th s mang li cho h hiu qu v li nhun ngy cng cao hn. Thut
ng cloud computing ra i bt ngun t mt trong nhng hon cnh nh vy. Thut
ng cloud computing cn c bt ngun t tng a tt c mi th nh d liu, phn
mm, tnh ton.ln trn mng Internet. Chng ta s khng cn trng thy cc my
PC, my ch ca ring cc doanh nghip lu tr d liu, phn mm na m ch cn mt
s cc my ch o tp trung trn mng. Cc my ch o s cung cp cc dch v gip
cho doanh nghip c th qun l d liu d dng hn, h s ch tr chi ph cho lng
s dng dch v ca h, m khng cn phi u t nhiu vo c s h tng cng nh quan
tm nhiu n cng ngh. Xu hng ny s gip nhiu cho cc cng ty, doanh nghip
va v nh m khng c c s h tng mng, my ch lu tr, qun l d liu tt. Vy
cloud computing l g? N c th gii quyt bi ton trn nh th no v c nhng c
im ni bt g? Chng ta s i qua cc phn sau nm r vn ny.
4
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
1.2. Khi nim v nhng c im ca in ton m my 1.2.1. Khi nim 1.2.1.a.
Thut ng "m my": Thut ng "m my" y l li ni n d ch mng Internet da vo
cch thc Internet c b tr trong s mng my tnh. m hnh in ton ny, mi kh
nng lin quan n cng ngh thng tin u c cung cp di dng cc "dch v", cho
php ngi s dng truy cp cc dch v cng ngh t mt nh cung cp no "trong m
my" m khng cn phi c cc kin thc, kinh nghim v cng ngh , cng nh khng
cn quan tm n cc c s h tng phc v cng ngh . 1.2.1.b. nh ngha: Mt m
hnh in ton ni m kh nng m rng v linh hot v cng ngh thng tin c cung
cp nh mt dch v cho nhiu khch hng ang s dng cc cng ngh trn Internet.
Ni mt cch n gin nht in ton m my chnh l nhng ng dng trc tuyn trn
Internet. D liu, ti nguyn, phn mm va cac thng tin lin quan u c lu
tr, tnh ton, x l trn cac server (chinh la cac am my). Trnh duyt l
ni ng dng hin hu v vn hnh cn d liu c lu tr v x l my ch ca nh cung
cp ng dng . Theo t chc X hi my tnh IEEE "N l hnh mu trong thng tin
c lu tr thng trc ti cc my ch trn Internet v ch c c lu tr tm thi cc
my khch, bao gm my tnh c nhn, trung tm gii tr, my tnh trong doanh
nghip, cc phng tin my tnh cm tay, ...".
5
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
Hnh 1: Mi th u tp trung vo m my. 1.2.2. c im: Cc may tinh trn am
my c thit lp hoat ng cung nhau, do vy cac ng dung co th s dung toan
b sc manh cua cac may tinh co th at c hiu sut cao nht. in toan am
my cung ap ng y u tinh linh hoat cho ngi dung. Ty thuc vao nhu cu,
ngi dung co th tng thm tai nguyn ma cac am my cn s dung ap ng, ma
khng cn phai nng cp thm tai nguyn phn cng nh s dung may tinh ca
nhn. Ngoai ra, vi in toan am my, vn han ch cua h iu hanh khi s dung
cac ng dung khng con bi rang buc, nh cach s dung may tinh thng
thng.
Hnh 2: S in ton m6
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
my (vi cc dch v cung cp nm bn trong m my c truy cp t cc my tnh
bn ngoi). 1.2.3. u v nhc im ca m hnh in ton m my: 1.2.3.a. u im:
Nhng u im v th mnh di y gp phn gip "in ton m my" tr thnh m hnh in
ton c p dng rng ri trn ton th gii: Tc x ly nhanh, cung cp cho ngi
dung nhng dich vu nhanh chong va gia thanh re da trn nn tang c s ha
tng tp trung (am my). Chi phi u t ban u v c s ha tng, may moc va
ngun nhn lc cua ngi s dung in toan am my c giam n mc thp nht. Khng
con phu thuc vao thit bi va vi tri ia ly, cho phep ngi dung truy cp
va s dung h thng thng qua trinh duyt web bt ky u va trn bt ky thit
bi nao ma ho s dung (chng han la PC hoc la in thoai di ng) Vi tin
cy cao, khng chi gianh cho ngi dung ph thng, in toan am my phu hp
vi cac yu cu cao va lin tuc cua cac cng ty kinh doanh va cac nghin
cu khoa hoc. Tuy nhin, mt vai dich vu ln cua in toan am my i khi ri
vao trang thai qua tai, khin hoat ng bi ngng tr. Khi ri vao trang
thai nay, ngi dung khng co kha nng x ly cac s c ma phai nh vao cac
chuyn gia t am my tin hanh x ly. Kha nng m rng c, giup cai thin cht
lng cac dich vu c cung cp trn am my. Kha nng bao mt c ci thin do s
tp trung v d liu. Cac ng dung cua in toan am my d dang sa cha hn bi
le chung khng c ci t c inh trn mt may tinh nao. Chung cung d dang h
tr va ci thin v tinh nng. Tai nguyn s dung cua in toan am my lun c
quan ly va thng k trn tng khach hang va ng dung, theo tng ngay, tng
tun, tng thang. iu nay am bao cho vic inh lng gia ca cua mi dich vu
do in toan am my cung cp ngi dung co th la chon phu hp. 1.2.3.b Nhc
im: Tuy nhin, m hnh in ton ny vn cn mc phi mt s nhc im sau: Tinh
ring t: Cac thng tin ngi dung va d liu c cha trn in toan am my co
am bao c ring t, va liu cac thng tin o co bi s dung vi mt muc ich
nao khac? Tinh sn dung: Liu cac dich vu am my co bi treo bt ng,
khin cho ngi dung khng th truy cp cac dich vu va d liu cua minh
trong nhng khoang thi gian nao o khin anh hng n cng vic? Mt d liu:
Mt vai dich vu lu tr d liu trc tuyn trn am my bt ng ngng hoat ng
hoc khng tip tuc cung cp dich vu, khin cho ngi dung phai sao lu d
liu cua ho t am my v may tinh ca nhn. iu nay se mt nhiu thi gian.
Thm chi mt vai trng hp, vi mt ly do nao o, d liu ngi dung bi mt va
khng th phuc hi c. Tinh di ng cua d liu va quyn s hu: Mt cu hoi t
ra, liu ngi dung co th chia se d liu t dich vu am my nay sang dich
vu cua am my khac? Hoc trong trng hp khng mun tip tuc s dung dich
vu cung cp t am my, liu7
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
ngi dung co th sao lu toan b d liu cua ho t am my? Va lam cach
nao ngi dung co th chc chn rng cac dich vu am my se khng huy toan b
d liu cua ho trong trng hp dich vu ngng hoat ng. Kha nng bao mt: Vn
tp trung d liu trn cac am my la cach thc hiu qua tng cng bao mt,
nhng mt khac cung lai chinh la mi lo cua ngi s dung dich vu cua in
toan am my. Bi le mt khi cac am my bi tn cng hoc t nhp, toan b d
liu se bi chim dung. Tuy nhin, y khng thc s la vn cua ring in toan
am my, bi le tn cng anh cp d liu la vn gp phai trn bt ky mi trng
nao, ngay ca trn cac may tinh ca nhn. 1.3 Cu trc v cch thc hot ng
ca in ton m my: 1.3.1. M hnh dch v in ton m my 1.3.1.a M hnh tng
quan: Theo nh ngha, cc ngun in ton khng l nh phn mm, dch v ... s nm
ti cc my ch o (m my) trn Internet thay v trong my tnh gia nh v vn
phng (trn mt t) mi ngi kt ni v s dng mi khi h cn.
Hnh 3: Minh ha v cloud computing Hin nay, cc nh cung cp a ra
nhiu dch v ca cloud computing theo nhiu hng khc nhau, a ra cc chun
ring cng nh cch thc hot ng khc nhau. Do , vic tch hp cc cloud gii
quyt mt bi ton ln ca khch hng vn cn l mt vn kh khn. Chnh v vy, cc
nh cung cp dch v ang c xu hng tch hp cc cloud li vi nhau thnh sky
computing, a ra cc chun chung gii quyt cc bi ton ln ca khch
hng.
8
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
1.3.1.b. Cu trc phn lp ca m hnh in ton m my: M hnh in toan am my
c chia ra thanh 5 lp ring bit, co tac ng qua lai ln nhau:
Hnh 4: M hnh lp ca in ton m my Client (Lp Khach hang): Lp Client
cua in toan am my bao gm phn cng va phn mm, da vao o, khach hang co
th truy cp va s dung cac ng dung/dich vu c cung cp t in toan am my.
Chng han may tinh va ng dy kt ni Internet (thit bi phn cng) va cac
trinh duyt web (phn mm). Application (Lp ng dung): Lp ng dung cua
in toan am my lam nhim vu phn phi phn mm nh mt dich vu thng quan
Internet, ngi dung khng cn phai cai t va chay cac ng dung o trn may
tinh cua minh, cac ng dung d dang c chinh sa va ngi dung d dang nhn
c s h tr. Cac c trng chinh cua lp ng dung bao gm: Cac hoat ng c
quan ly tai trung tm cua am my, ch khng nm phia khach hang (lp
Client), cho phep khach hang truy cp cac ng dung t xa thng qua
Website. Ngi dung khng con cn thc hin cac tinh nng nh cp nht phin
ban, ban va li, download phin ban mi bi chung se c thc hin t cac am
my. Platform (Lp Nn tang): Cung cp nn tang cho in toan va cac giai
phap cua dich vu, chi phi n cu truc ha tng cua am my va la im ta
cho lp ng dung, cho phep cac ng dung hoat ng trn nn tang o. No giam
nhe s tn kem khi trin khai cac ng dung khi ngi dung khng phai trang
bi c s ha tng (phn cng va phn mm) cua ring minh Infrastructure (Lp
C s ha tng): Cung cp ha tng may tinh, tiu biu la mi trng nn ao hoa.
Thay vi khach hang phai bo tin ra mua cac server, phn mm, trung tm
d liu hoc thit bi kt ni gi y, ho vn co th co y u tai nguyn9
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
s dung ma chi phi c giam thiu, hoc thm chi la min phi. y la mt
bc tin hoa cua m hinh may chu ao (Virtual Private Server). Server
(Lp Server - My ch): Bao gm cac san phm phn cng va phn mm may tinh,
c thit k va xy dng c bit cung cp cac dich vu cua am my. Cac server
phai c xy dng va co cu hinh u manh (thm chi la rt mnh) am ng nhu cu
s dung cua s lng ng ao cac ngi dung va cac nhu cu ngay cang cao cua
ho. 1.3.2. Cach thc hoat ng cua in toan am my hiu cach thc hoat ng
cua am my, tng tng rng am my bao gm 2 lp: Lp Back-end va lp
Front-end. Hnh 5: Lp Back-end va lp Front-end.
Ha tng thit bi c cha lp Back-End (bao gm nhiu my tnh, my ch v h
thng lu tr d liu gp thnh m my cc dch v Web), va giao din ngi dung
cua cac ng dung c cha tai lp Front-End. Lp Front-end: gm c mt my
tnh Client v mt ng dng cn cho vic truy cp m my;la lp ngi dung, cho
phep ngi dung s dung va thc hin thng qua giao din ngi dung. Tuy
nhin, khng phi tt c cc h thng m my u s dng chung mt giao din. Khi
ngi dung truy cp cac dich vu trc tuyn, ho se phai s dung thng qua
giao din t lp Front-end, va cac phn mm se c chay trn lp Back-end nm
am my. Lp Back-end bao gm cac cu trc phn cng va phn mm cung cp giao
din cho lp Front-end va c ngi dung tac ng thng qua giao din o.
1.3.3 Gii php v dch v: Cloud Computing ra i gii quyt cc vn nh: Vn v
lu tr d liu: D liu c lu tr tp trung cc kho d liu khng l. Cc cng ty
ln nh Microsoft, Google c hng chc kho d liu10
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
trung tm nm ri rc khp ni trn th gii. Cc cng ty ln ny s cung cp
cc dch v cho php doanh nghip c th lu tr v qun l d liu ca h trn cc
kho lu tr trung tm. Vn v sc mnh tnh ton: S dng cc siu my tnh
(super-computer) x l tnh ton. S dng cc h thng tnh ton song song,
phn tn, tnh ton li. Vn v cung cp ti nguyn, phn mm: Cung cp cc dch v
nh IaaS (infrastructure as a service), PaaS (platform as a
service), SaaS (software as a service
Hnh 6: Minh ha v cc dch v 1.3.4 Xu hng pht trin: Thut ng cloud
computing ra i t gia nm 2007, cho n nay khng ngng pht trin mnh m v
c hin thc bi nhiu nh cung cp, trong c Amazon, Google, DataSynapse,
Cloud2s v Salesforce cng nh nhng nh cung cp truyn thng nh Sun
Microsystems, HP, IBM, Intel, Cisco v Microsoft. N ang c nhiu ngi
dng c nhn cho n nhng cng ty ln nh General Electric, L'Oral, Procter
& Gamble v Valeo chp nhn v s dng.
11
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
Hnh 7:Mt s ng ln v cng ngh TM Vi mc tiu gii quyt cc bi ton v d
liu, tnh ton, dch v, , cloud computing v ang mang li li nhun ln, em
n mt sn chi, mt th trng rng ln cho cc nh cung cp dch v, nn s pht
trin nhanh chong ca n c th c tnh tng ngy. Trong khi , thut ng ban u
ca Grid computing khng mang kinh t, li nhun cao nn s pht trin ca n
ang ngy cng gim st, v ch ang c p dng vo lnh vc nghin cu khoa hc. .
c tnh trong 5 nm ti, tc tng trng 23,4%, th trng ton cu t 74,9 t
USD
Hnh 8: Tc tng trng ca TM
12
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
Chng 2. NG DNG CA IN TON M MY2.1. Cc dch v Computing cung cp h
tng, nn tng v phn mm nh l dch v, m c th c cung ng nh l mt dch v cho
thu trong cch dng bao nhiu tr by nhiu i vi ngi dng.
Hnh 9: M hnh dch v v trin khai
13
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
Hnh 10 : M hnh dch v in ton m my 2.1. 1.
Rastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS Dch v h tng): Cung cp cho ngi dng h
tng (thng l di hnh thc cc my o) nh l mt dch v. Nhng kin trc o xp
chng l mt v d ca xu hng mi th l dch v v c cng nhng im chung. Hn hn
mt my ch cho thu, khng gian lu tr tp trung hay thit b mng, my trm
thay v u t mua th c th thu y dch v bn ngoi. Nhng dch v ny thng thng
c tnh chi ph trn c s tnh ton chc nng v lng ti nguyn s dng (v t ra
chi ph) s phn nh c mc ca hot ng. y l mt s pht trin ca nhng gii php
lu tr web v my ch c nhn o. Tn ban u c s dng l dch v phn cng (HaaS)
v c to ra bi mt nh kinh t hc Nichlas Car vo thng 3 nm 2006, nhng t
ny dn b thay th bi khi nim dch v h tng vo khong cui nm 2006. Nhng c
trng tiu biu:
14
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
Cung cp ti nguyn nh l dch v: bao gm c my ch, thit b
mng, b nh, CPU, khng gian a cng, trang thit b trung tm d liu. Kh
nng m rng linh hot Chi ph thay i ty theo thc t. Nhiu ngi thu c th
cng dng chung trn mt ti nguyn. Cp doanh nghip: em li li ch cho cng
ty bi mt ngun ti
nguyn tch ton tng hp. 2.1.2. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS Dch v
nn tng): Cung cp nn tng tnh ton v mt tp cc gii php nhiu lp. N h tr
vic trin khai ng dng m khng quan tm n chi ph hay s phc tp ca vic
trang b v qun l cc lp phn cng v phn mm bn di, cung cp tt c cc tnh
nng cn thit h tr chu trnh sng y ca vic xy dng v cung cp mt ng dng v
dch v web sn sng trn Internet m khng cn bt k thao tc ti hay ci t
phn mm cho nhng ngi pht trin, qun l tin hc, hay ngi dng cui. N cn c
bit n vi mt tn khc l cloudware. Cung cp dch v nn tng (PaaS) bao gm
nhng iu kin cho qui trnh thit k ng dng, pht trin, kim th, trin khai
v lu tr ng dng c gi tr nh l dch v ng dng nh cng tc nhm, sp xp v tch
hp dch v web, tch hp c s d liu, bo mt, kh nng m rng, qun l trng
thi, phin bn ng dng, cc li ch cho cng ng pht trin v nghin cu ng
dng. Nhng dch v ny c chun b nh l mt gii php tnh hp trn nn web. Nhng
c trng tiu biu: Phc v cho vic pht trin, kim th, trin khai v vn hnh
ng
dng ging nh l mi trng pht trin tch hp.15
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
Cc cng c khi to vi giao din trn nn web. Kin trc ng nht. Tch hp
dch v web v c s d liu. H tr cng tc nhm pht trin. Cng c h tr tin
tch
Cc yu t Thun li: Dch v nn tng (PaaS) ang thi k u v c a chung
nhng tnh nng vn c a thch bi dch v phn mm, bn cnh c tch hp cc yu
t v nn tng h thng. u im trong nhng d n tp hp nhng cng vic nhm c
s
phn tn v a l. Kh nng tch hp nhiu ngun ca dch v web
Gim chi ph ngoi l khi tch hp cc dch v v bo mt, kh nng m rng, kim
sot li Mong i ngi dng c kin thc c th tip tc hon thin v h
tr tng tc vi nhiu ngi gip xc nh mc kh khn ca vn chng ta gp phi.
Hng vic s dng cng ngh t c mc ch to iu kin d
dng hn cho vic pht trin ng dng a ngi dng cho nhng ngi khng ch
trong nhm lp trnh m c th kt hp nhiu nhm cng lm vic Kh khn: Rng buc
bi nh cung cp: do gii hn ph thuc v dch v ca
nh cung cp16
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
Gii hn pht trin: phc tp khin n khng ph hp vi yu cu
pht trin nhanh v nhng tnh nng phc tp khi hin thc trn nn tng
web.2.1.3 Software-as-a-Service (SaaS Dch v phn mm):
Cung cp dch v phn mm thc thi t xa. Dch v phn mm (SaaS) l mt m
hnh trin khai ng dng m ngi cung cp cho php ngi s dng dch v theo yu
cu. Nhng nh cung cp SaaS c th lu tr ng dng trn my ch ca h hoc ti ng
dng xung thit b khch hng, v hiu ha n sau khi kt thc thi hn. Cc chc
nng theo yu cu c th c kim sot bn trong chia s bn quyn ca mt nh cung
cp ng dng th ba. Nhng c trng tiu biu nh phn mm sn c i hi vic truy
xut, qun l qua mng. Qun l cc hot ng t mt v tr tp trung hn l ti mi
ni ca khch hng, cho php khch hng truy xut t xa thng qua web.Cung cp
ng dng thng thng gn gi vi m hnh nh x t mt n nhiu hn l m hnh 1:1 bao
gm cc c trng kin trc, gi c v qun l. Nhng tnh nng tp trung nng cp,
gii phng ngi dng khi vic ti cc bn v li v cp nht.Thng xuyn tch hp
nhng phn mm giao tip trn mng din rng
Hnh 11: Kin trc m hnh dch v17
Nhm 6 dng 2.2. M hnh trin khai: Gm 4 m hnh:
in ton m my & ng
m my doanh nghip (Private cloud): Cc m my ring l cc dch v m my c
cung cp trong doanh nghip. Nhng m my ny c doanh nghip qun l. m my
chung(Community coud): l m hnh trong h tng m my c chia s bi mt s t
chc cho cng ngngi dng trong cc t chc . Cc t chc ny do c th khng
iteeps cn vi cc dch v Public Coud v chia s chung mt h tng CC nng
cao hiu qu u t v s dng. m my cng cng(Public coud): Cc m my cng cng
l cc dch v m my c ngi bn cung cp. Chng c lu tr y v c nh cung cp bi
m my qun l. m my lai(Hybrid cloud): Cc m my lai l mt s kt hp ca cc
m my cng cng v ring. Nhng m my ny thng do doanh nghip to ra v cc
trch nhim qun l s c phn chia gia doanh nghip v nh cung cp m my cng
cng. m my lai s dng cc dch v c trong c khng gian cng cng v ring
Hnh 12: M hnh trin khai18
Nhm 6 dng 2.3 Cch tnh chi ph trong Cloud.
in ton m my & ng
nh gi c nh: nh cung cp s xc nh r c t v kh nng tnh ton c nh (dung
lng b nh c cp pht, loi CPU v tc .v.v) nh gi theo n v: c p dng ph
bin cho lng d liu truyn ti, dung lng b nh c cp pht v s dng, cch ny
uyn chuyn hn cch trn nh gi theo thu bao: ng dng phn ln trong m hnh
dch v phn mm (SaaS) ngi dng s tin on trc nh mc s dng ng dng cloud.
2.4. ng dng cho cng vic Nu bn hay doanh nghip ca bn ang phi tr tin
cho nhng phn mm thng mi th vic s dng cc ng dng m my di y s rt c ch:
Apple Mobile Me (http://www.me.com/): Dch v ny sp c
Apple cng b, cho php ng b e-mail, nh, v danh sch lin lc gia nhiu
thit b khc nhau. PC, laptop v cc thit b di ng ca bn s c ng b vi
nhau v truy cp ng thi vo cc dch v m my ca Apple. Google Docs
(http://docs.google.com/): Google lun l hng tin
phong trong vic cung cp tin ch m my. Hin ti c th l Google Docs,
nhng trong thi gian ti s c thm cc ng dng m my khc. Google Docs bao
gm ng dng vn bn, bng tnh, v trnh by. Cc vn bn do ngi dng to ra s c
lu tr trn my ch Google. Vi Google Docs, nhiu ngi dng c th cng lm
vic trn mt vn bn t nhiu my tnh khc nhau, cc thay i s din ra ng thi
v nht qun. Jooce (http://www.jooce.com/): L mt giao din da trn nn
flash,
Jooce cho php ngi dng c th ko th tp tin vo ri c th truy cp t bt
c chic PC kt ni Internet no.19
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
Blender 3D (http://www.blender.org/): y l trung tm d liu cho
thu ca Sun dnh cho doanh nghip. Ngi dng cn bao nhiu kh nng x l s
c p ng by nhiu. Blender 3D thng dng phn tch cc d liu khoa hc, nhng
cng c th s dng lm hot hnh 3D. Evernote (http://www.evernote.com/):
Ngi dng s dng in thoi
chp hnh ri upload ln my ch m my ca Evernote. Dch v s qut ch
(text) trong nh ri lp ch mc to c s d liu tm kim sau ny. Twitterfone
(http://www.twitterfone.com/): Dch v ny s dng kh
nng nhn dng ging ni chuyn i tin nhn thoi thnh cc on tin nhn
(tweet) ri ng ti trn trang Twitter. Blist (http://www.blist.com/):
ng dng c s d liu ny c giao
din rt hp dn, bao gm c nhng video dng hng dn, thit k ko-th
(drag-and-drop) t ph. Khi to xong c s d liu, bn c th chia s vi cc
ngi dng khc trn website ny. Picnik (http://www.picnik.com/): y l ng
dng chnh sa nh
m my, cho php bn upload nh t PC ln trang hoc ly nh t cc trang
chia s nh nh Flick hoc mng x hi Facebook. Picnik c nhiu cng c chnh
sa nh rt mnh, v chc chn s lm bn hi lng. Quicken Online
(https://www.quickenonline.intuit.com/quickenweb/):
Dch v ny cho php bn c th truy cp thng tin ti chnh c nhn t bt c
chic PC hoc in thoi no. Dch v ny rt d s dng v quan trng l min ph.
Zoho Office Suite (http://www.zoho.com/): Bn c th to, chnh sa,
lu tr, chia s, v tng tc ng thi vi cc d liu lu tr trn20
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
Zoho. Trn thc t, y l gi phn mm vn phng trc tuyn c cc chc nng y
ht nh Microsoft Office, ch khc l n min ph. Giao din ca Zoho kh ging
vi Microsoft Office, thao tc s dng n gin, v c th trch xut tp tin
tng thch vi gi phn mm vn phng ca Microsoft. Adobe Photoshop
Express: APE l phin bn thu gn ca Photoshop
nhng cng c y tnh nng, v quan trng hn l ngi dng c th lm trc tip
trn mng thay v phi ci t b phn mm Photoshop rt nng trn PC. G.ho.st
(http://g.ho.st/): y l h iu hnh o chy trc tip trn
mng. Tng lai khng ch nhng ng dng mi c cung cp qua mng, m cn c h
iu hnh cng s c online. G.ho.st cung cp 5GB lu tr min ph, trong c
3GB dnh cho e-mail v cc ng dng web tch hp sn (s dng gi ng dng
Zoho). 2.5. Market oriented Cloud computing: Vi nhng tin b ca x hi
con ngi hin i, nhng dch v thit yu c cung cp rng ri mi ngi u c th
tip cn nh in, nc, in thoi ng vai tr quan trng trong cuc sng hng
ngy. Nhng dch v tin ch ny c th c s dng thng xuyn cn c sn sng mi ni
m ngi dng mong mun vo mi lc. Khch hng sau c th tr cho nh cung cp
dch v da trn lng s dng cc dch v tin ch . Tng t nh cc v d trn, gia
nh cung cp dch v v ngi s dng cn c nhng tha thun c th c nu trong SLA
(Service Level Agreement) trong xc nh v yu cu cht lng dch v QoS
(Quality of Service) Khch hng ph thuc vo nh cung cp dch v Cloud
cung cp tt c nng lc tnh ton h cn, h yu cu v cht lng dch v QoS phi c
duy tr bi nh cung cp ph hp vi mc tiu v m bo hot ng ca h. Nh cung cp
Cloud s xem xt p ng cc yu cu v dch v ca mi khch hng thng21
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
lng vi SLA c th. t c iu ny, nh cung cp dch v Cloud khng th tip
tc trin khai trn m hnh qun l ti nguyn tp trung m khng cung cp cho h
kh nng chia s ti nguyn m vn p ng c tt c cc yu cu v dch v. Thay vo ,
m hnh qun l market-oriented c cp t c s cn i giu nh cung cp v khch
hng. Kin trc bao gm 4 thnh phn ch yu:
User/Broker (Ngi dng/ Nh mi gii): ngi dng hay nh mi gii s dng
quyn y thc gi yu cu dch v t bt c u trn th gii Data center ( trung
tm d liu) hay Cloud c x l. SLA Resource Allocator ( B phn phn phi
ti nguyn SLA): ng vai tr trung gian gia cc Data center v Cloud vi
ngi dng/ Nh mi gii bn ngoi.
22
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
23
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
Hnh 13:Kin trc Market Oriented Cloud Computing Service Request
Examiner And Admission Control: khi mt yu cu dch v c gi ln ln u s c
phin dch thnh cc yu cu v cht lng dch v QOS trc khi xc nh xem n s c
chp nhn hay t chi. Do vy, iu m bo rng khng c tnh trng qu ti dch v
khi m cc dch v khng th ddwowcj p ng y v gii hn ti nguyn h thng sn
sng. N cng cn thng tin v trng thi cui cng v trng thi sn sng ca ti
nguyn ( t c ch VM Monitor) v kh nng x l ti t c ch ( Service Request
Monitor) theo th t quyt nh vic phn phi ti nguyn mt cch hiu qu. Sau
n s phn yu cu cho cc my o VM v xc nh c t ti nguyn cho my o c phn.
Pricing: cung cp c ch quyt nh cch cc yu cu service c tnh tin. Vi d
nh yu cu c th c tnh tin da theo thi gian cc nhim v, t l gi c (c
nh/thay i) hay tnh sn sng ca ti nguyn (sn c/yu cu). C ch nh
gi24
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
phc nh n tng cho cung vp v yu cu ti nguyn tnh ton trong Data
center v cc trang thit b trong vic cp pht ti nguyn hiu qu.
Accounting: cung cp c ch thao tc trn lu lng dng ti nguyn c yu cu do
chi ph cui cng c th c tnh ton v tnh ph cho ngi dng. Thm vo , lch s
s dng c th c dng ti u bi Service Request Examiner and Admission
Control VM Monitor: cung cp c ch lu vt nhng my o sn sng v cc thng
tin v ti nguyn ca chng. Dispatcher: cung cp c ch bt u thc thi vic
cp pht my o VM ca nhng yu cu dch v c chp nhn. Service Request
Monitor: cung cp c cht lu vt tin trnh ca yu cu dch v. VMs (cc my
o): nhiu my o c th c m v tt dng trn mt my vt l ph hp vi yu cu dch
v, do vic chun b ti a c th chia nh ti nguyn c th p ng cc yu cu c th
ca yu cu dch v. Thm vo , nhiu my o VM c th chy ng thi ng dng trn
nhng mi trng h iu hanh khc nhau trn mt my vt l duy nht do cc my o
VM tch bit hon ton vi cc my khc trn cung my vt l Physical Machines
(cc my vt l): Nhng trung tm d liu bao gm nhiu my ch c th cung cp ti
nguyn ph hp vi yu cu.
Chng 3. SO SNH GIA CLOUD COMPUTING V GRID COMPUTING3.1 Clouds,
Grids v Distributed Systems Khi xem xt cc nh ngha v Clouds, Grids,
Distributed Systems (DS), chng ta d dng thy rng nh ngha ca Clouds c
im trng lp vi cc nh ngha ca Grids v DS. iu ny khng phi l mt vn ng
ngc nhin bi v Clouds khng ra i mt cch ring l hay c lp m n da trn nn
tng ca cc cng ngh trc .Hnh 14 minh ha mi lin h gia Clouds v cc cng
ngh khc:
25
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
Hnh 14:Tng quan v Grid v Cloud Clouds v cc min khc trng lp ln
nhau. Web 2.0 bao ph hu ht cc khng gian ca ng dng hng dch v tn ti
trong Clouds. Grids Computing chng lp ln tt c cc lnh vc ny nhng kh
nng m rng c xem l t hn supercomputer v Clouds. Trong ba c im c ra
bi Ian Foster nhn din Grids th ch c c im th 3 mi tha Clouds, hai c
im cn li khng ph hp na. Phn sau trnh by mt so snh chi tit tng kha
cnh gia Clouds v Grids. 3.2 So snh gia Grids v Clouds Phn ny tp
trung so snh gia Grids v Clouds ngang qua nhiu kha cnh t kin trc ,
m hnh bo mt, m hnh thng mi, m hnh lp trnh, o ha, m hnh d liu, m hnh
tnh ton n ngun gc (provenance) v ng dng. C hai m hnh tnh ton v mt
tng qut th ging nhau nhng trong c th th c mt s im khc bit. 3.2.1 M
hnh thng mi (Business Model) M hnh thng mi truyn thng trong cc phn
mm trc y l cc hnh thc tnh ph theo mt my tnh. Trong Clouds m hnh
thanh ton ph linh hot hn nhiu, ngi khch hng ch cn tr theo nhu cu s
dng nh cc loi26
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
ph sinh hot hng ngy m h phi tr: in, nc, gas ..v.v. Ngoi ra
Clouds cn h tr kh nng m rng h thng mang tnh kinh t, tc l ngi s dng
c th trin khai vi h thng ngy mt ln hn vi chi ph ph hp. Cc tim nng
hin ca c l cc trung tm d liu ln ca cc tp on Amazon, IBM, Sun,
Google ..v.v. Ngi dng trong tng lai ch cn mt th tn dng c th truy cp
theo nhu cu n hng 100 000 b x l ngang qua hng chc trung tm d liu
tri khp th gii. M hnh thng mi ca Grids l hng n cc d n nghin cu
trong mi trng hc thut nh cc i hc, vin nghin cu, phng th nghim ca
chnh ph. TeraGrid lm mt v d in hnh cho hnh thc thng mi ca Grid, n s
dng hng chc Grid khc nhau t cc vin nghin cu trong cng mt quc gia.
Khi mt t chc no gia nhp vo TeraGrid th s c th truy cp n cc Girds
khc v ng thi c th s dng ti nguyn, kt qu th nghim trn h thng Grid
ny. M hnh ny c ng dng rng ri nhiu ni trn th gii. C nhiu n lc xy dng
mt Grid kinh t cho c s h tng Grid ton cu, n htr thng mi, m phn,
cung cp dch v theo nhu cu s dng, kh nng ri ro, chi ph v s thch ca
ngi s dng. Nu nh cc c gng ny mang n kt qu kh quan th m hnh thng mi
ca Grids v Clouds tht kh phn bit trong tng lai. 3.2.2 Kin trc
(Architecture) Phn ny trnh by m hnh kin trc ca Grids v Clouds lm ni
bt s khc bit trong hng tip cn ca c hai. Trong khi Grids tp trung
trn vic tch hp cc ti nguyn sn c gm c phn cng, h iu hnh, c s h tng
an ninh ca cc h thng th Clouds hng n cc cp khc nhau ca dch v nhm p
ng ti a nhu cu ngi s dng nh SaaS, IaaS, PaaS. h tr cho vic to cc t
chc o (Virtual Organizations) mt thc th lun l m bn trong n cc ti
nguyn phn b c th c khm ph v chia s nh th trong cng mt t chc, Grids
nh ngha v cung cp mt tp cc giao thc chun, phn mm c s (middleware),
b cng c v cc dch v c xy dng trn tp giao thc ny.27
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
Kh nng hot ng lin kt v tnh an ton l nhng vn chnh c quan tm cho c
s h tng Grids bi v cc ti nguyn c th n t cc min qun tr khc nhau, c c
chnh sch s dng ti nguyn cc b v ton cc khc nhau, cc nn v cu hnh phn
cng v phn mm cng khc nhau v kh nng s dng v tnh sn sng ca chng.
Grids cung cp cc giao thc v dch v 5 lp khc nhau nh c minh ha bi hnh
sau:
Hnh 15: Kin trc Grid Lp connectivity nh ngha cc giao tip v chng
thc ct li cho qu trnh giao tc an ton v d dng qua mng. Lp resource
nh ngha cc giao thc cng b, khm ph, m phn, gim st, k ton v thanh ton
chi ph cho cc hot ng trn cc ti nguyn ring bit. Lp collective nm gi
s tng tc ngang qua cc tp ti nguyn, dch v th mc cho php gim st v khm
ph ra cc ti nguyn t chc o. Cui cng l lp application bao gm cc ng
dng ngi dng c xy dng trn u ca cc giao thc.
28
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
Clouds c pht trin gii quyt nhng bi ton tnh ton m rng qua
Internet trong mt s gi thit l khc bit so vi Grids. Clouds thng c
xem nh l mt h tnh ton v lu tr c th c truy cp thng qua cc giao thc
chun v qua mt giao tip tru tng. Tht ra Clouds c th c hin thc trn
nhng cng ngh Grids tn ti hng thp nin nhng hng vo kin trc 4 lp sau:
Lp Fabric gm cc ti nguyn phn cng, lp Unified Resource cha cc ti
nguyn c tru tng ha c th xut hin ng nht vi ngi dng, lp Platform thm
vo mt tp cc cng c, phn mm v dch v trn lp Unified Resource, lp
Application l lp cha cc ng dng chy trn Clouds. Hnh 16 minh ha mt
kin trc ca Clouds.
Hnh 16:Kin trc Cloud Kin trc ca Clouds nhm hng n ba m hnh dch v
sau: Software as a Service SaaS, Platform as a Service PaaS,
Infrastructure as a Service IaaS.Tuy nhin ngi s dng c th yu cu an
xen hay tng hp cc loi hnh dch v ny.
29
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
Infrastructure as a Service: M hnh ny cho php cung cp phn cng,
phn mm v thit b vi hnh thc chi tr da trn ti nguyn s dng. C s h tng
(infrastructure) c th m rng hay thu nh mt cch linh hot ty theo nhu
cu. Cc v d tiu biu l Amazon EC2 (Elastic Cloud Computing), S3
(Simple Storage Service). Platform as a Service: a ra mi trng tch
hp cp cao xy dng, kim tra, v trin khai cc ng dng ty . Mt cch tng
qut cc nh pht trin ng dng s phi chp nhn mt s hn ch trn cc kiu phn
mm m h c th vit i li tnh m rng gn lin vi ng dng. V d in hnh l
Google App Engine. Sofware as a Service: hng ti vic phn phi phn mm
vi yu cu c th,trong m hnh ny ngi s dng c th truy cp t xa thng qua
Internet v chi tr theo mc s dng. Salesforce l mt trong nhng nh tin
phong cung cp m hnh dch v ny. Ngoi ra cn c Live Mesh ca Microsoft
cng cho php chia s tp tin, th mc ng thi qua nhiu thit b. T kin trc
ca Clouds v Grids cho thy do mc tiu hng n khc nhau nn chng c cch
gii quyt vn v t chc h thng khc nhau. 3.2.3 Qun l ti nguyn (Resource
Management) Qun l ti nguyn l vn quyt nh kh nng hot ng ca h thng v
ng nhin n khng th thiu trong cc h thng ln nh Grids v Clouds. Trong
phn ny, cp n nhng thch thc chnh m c Grids v Clouds phi i mt thy c
im tng ng v khc bit trong hai m hnh. M hnh tnh ton (Compute Model):
Hu ht cc Grids s dng m hnh tnh ton b (batch-scheduled compute
model) cng vi mt b qun l ti nguyn cc b nh PBS, SGE, Condor qun l ti
nguyn ti cc v tr khc nhau. Vi phng thc qun l ny. Grids khng th phc
v tt cho cc chng trnh yu cu nhiu b x l v thc thi trong thi gian di.
Chng hn trong trng hp mt chng trnh cn 100 b x l v thc thi trong 60
pht, n phi i n khi h thng c 100 b x l v rnh trong 60 pht. M hnh tnh
ton trong Clouds hon ton30
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
khc,cc ngi dng c s dng ti nguyn ng thi mc d phi m bo c cht lng
dch v cho ngi s dng. y cng l mt trong nhng thch thc ca Clouds v kh
nng m rng v khi s lng ngi dng ln. M hnh d liu (Data Model): M hnh d
liu c khuynh hng trong tng lai l m hnh tng tc tam gic nh ch ra
trong hnh 17.
Hnh 17: M hnh d liu. Tnh ton Internet s xoay quanh m hnh d liu
trn do cc nguyn nhn khch quan t thc tin. Ngi khch hng khng mun a cc
d liu nhy cm hoc ti quan trng ln x l v lu tr trn Clouds. ng thi,
ngi dng cng mun truy cp n d liu ring t ca h ngay khi cc giao tip
mng chm hay h hng. Ngoi ra, cng ngh a nhn (multicore - technology)
cng mang n cho ngi dng nhiu h thng con mnh m trong tng lai. i vi
Grids, th m hnh tnh ton tp trung vo d liu a c quan tm t sm, chng hn
nh Data Grid c thit k dnh ring cho cc ng dng tp trung ln trn d liu.
Do , Grids khng cn thit a ra nh hng pht trin m hnh d liu nh Clouds
thay vo n c m hnh chuyn bit s dng. Tnh cc b ca d liu (Data
Locality): Mt thch thc chnh trong vn m rng ng dng mt cch hiu qu l v
tr d liu lin quan i vi cc ti nguyn sn sng. Vic di di d liu xa v cc
b x l mt cch lin tc l31
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
mt hn ch r rt, hn na qu trnh nhp xut (I/O) d liu t xa c khc bit
ln vi I/O trn d liu cc b v nh hng trc tip n hiu sut ca h thng. y l
mt nh hng c Clouds quan tm gii quyt. Qu trnh x l d liu l kt hp d
liu lin quan v tin trnh (process) x l n trong cng mt nt (node), do
vn data locality s c gii quyt mt cch hiu qu. V pha Grids, d liu c
lu tr da trn cc h thng file chia s nh NFS, GPFS, PVFS ..v.v. Ni m
tnh data locality khng d dng p dng, y cng l mt im yu ca Grids so vi
Clouds. Kt hp tnh ton v qun l d liu(Combining compute and data
management): Tnh cc b ca d liu ch hiu qu khi m s lng ngi dng v qui
m cha thc s ln. Khi h thng ngy cng m rng th vn kt hp tnh ton v qun
l d liu tr thnh yu t quan trng cho vic ci thin hiu sut. l bi ton nh
thi cng vic (job) gn vi d liu m n s dng trong sut qu trnh thc thi
trnh ti a hot ng di di d liu qua mng. Girds c cc m hnh tp trung cho
cc ng dng d liu khng l cn Clouds th s phi i mt vi vn ny trong tng
lai. o ha (Virtualization): y l cng ngh c khai thc mnh m trong hu
ht cc Clouds. Khng ging nh m hnh tnh ton ca Grids, Clouds i hi chy
nhiu ng dng ngi dng v tt c cc ng dng ny phi c thc hin mt cch ng thi
i vi ngi s dng. Bn cnh mi ngi dng c cmgic nh l h i s hu ton b ti
nguyn sn c. Cng ngh o ha cung cp mc tru tng thit yu cho vic hp nht
ti nguyn nhm t c mc tiu ny. ng thi o ha cn cho php mi ng dng c th c
ng gi (encapsulate) c th cu hnh, trin khai, bt u, di chuyn, tm dng,
tip tc, dng hn, ..v.v. v v vy cung cp tnh c lp, kh nng qun l, bo mt
tt hn. Grids khng da vo cng ngh o ha nhiu nh Clouds, nhng m bo c
tnh ring t cho cc t chc o trn ti nguyn th cng ngh o ha cng c s dng
trong li chng hn nh Nimbus. Gim st (Monitoring): Mt thch thc khc m
cng ngh o ha mang li cho Clouds l vic gim st ti nguyn. Vn gim st ti
nguyn trn Clouds cha32
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
c t chc trc tip nh Grids. Grids ra cc m hnh tin cy khc nhau ngi
dng c y quyn c th truy cp cc ti nguyn khc nhau trn cc Grid khc nhau
v qu tnh duyt ti nguyn ny c m bo an ton. Hn na, Grids khng c tru
tng cao v tn dng o ha nh Clouds, v d cng c gim st Ganglia c th theo
di cc cluster v Grids phn tn mt cch kh hiu qu v c chp nhn rng ri
trong cng ng Grids. Kh nng gim st tinguyn ca Clouds gp nhiu thch
thc do mc tiu ra ca n v vic cn bng qu trnh gim st cc ng dng thng
mi, qun l my ch x nghip, gim st my o, o tr phn cng..v.v. Do trong
tng lai gn Clouds shng n vic cung cp kh nng t bo tr, cu hnh v qun l
v pha ngi dng. Ngun gc d liu(Provenance): y l qu trnh hng dn v ngun
gc, lai lch ca cc sn phm d liu bao gm tt c cc d liu ngun, sn phm d
liu trung gian, v cc th tc c ng dng vo trong sn phm d liu. Thng tin
ny l cn thit hiu, khm ph, hp l v chia s cc sn phm d liu cng nh cc
ng dng, chng trnh dn xut t n. Trong Grids provenance c trin khai
thnh cc h thng workflow v c s dng hiu qu. Ngc li, Clouds cn cha
khai thc lnh vc ny v c nhiu thch thc trong vic theo vt d liu ngang
qua cc nh cung cp dch v khc nhau, ngang qua cc phn mm khc nhau v cc
lp phn cng tru tng thuc mt nh cung cp. 3.2.4 M hnh lp trnh
(Programming Model) Mc d m hnh lp trnh trong mi trng Grids khng c
cc khc bit v c bn so vi cc mi trng lp trnh song song v phn b truyn
thng. N c mt s vn phc tp nh nhiu min qun tr, ti nguyn bt ng b, hiu
sut v tnh n nh, iu khin ngoi l trong mi trng c tnh linh ng
cao..v.v. Mc ch chnh ca Grids l cc ng dng khoa hc i hi kh nng m rng
cao, m rng n khi lng ti nguyn ln v thc thi va nhanh va hiu qu, do d
cc chng trnh cn phi hon tt mt cch chnh xc nn phi xem xt n tin cy v
kh nng khng li trong mi trng Grids.
33
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
Ngoi cc mi trng lp trnh truyn thng nh MPI, Globus Toolkit, cn c
mt mt m hnh lp trnh c quan tm gn y l MapReduce. MapReduce tht ra ch
l mt m hnh lp trnh song song khc nhm vo cc h thng vi khi lng d liu
ln. N c xy dng da trn hai t kha chnh l map v reduce mn t ngn ng t
nhin. Chc nng map l cung cp thao tc c th ln mt tp d liu v sinh ra
mt tp d liu mi. Thao tc reduce ngc li s thu gom cc d liu li. Mt hin
thc m m ca m hnh ny l Hadoop v ang c quan tm trong Clouds. Clouds v
khi qut chp nhn cc Web Services APIs, ni m ngi dng cu hnh v lp trnh
dch v Cloud da trn cc API c trnh by trong Web Services. Cc giao thc
HTTP v SOAP l nhng giao thc chun c chn trong cc dch v ny. Mc d
Clouds chp nhn mt s giao thc tng qut nh HTTP v SOAP, kh nng tch hp
v lin kt gia cc dch v ln ng dng vn l mt thch thc ln khi ngi s dng
lm vic vi cc nh cung cp Clouds khc nhau. 3.2.5 M hnh ng dng
(Application Model) Grids mt cch tng qut h tr nhiu loi ng dng khc
nhau v h tr tt cho cc ng dng hiu sut cao (high performance
computing - HPC). HPC l cc ng dng song song chy trn mt h thng cc b
khng phi qua internet. Mt khc Clouds Computing cng hs tr cc loi ng
dng tng t Grids nhng khng t c tnh hiu qu i vi cc ng dng HPC. Bi v
Clouds cn trong qu trnh s khai, n cn nhiu vn cn gii quyt. 3.2.6 M
hnh bo mt (Security Model) Clouds hu nh bao gm cc trung tm d liu
(data center) chuyn dng thuc v cng mt t chc, n mang tnh ng nht khc
bit hon ton vi mi trng Grids. M hnh bo mt ca Clouds hin ti n gin v
t an ton hn cc m hnh sn c ca Grids. Tiu biu l Clouds da trn Web to
ra ti khon ngi dng, cho php h t li mt khu v nhn mt khu mi thng qua
email trong mt mi trng khng m ha v khng an ton. Ch rng, ngi dng c
th d dng s dng Clouds ngay lp tc vi ch mt th tn dng hay a ch email.
Ngc li34
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
hon ton, Grids hn ch hn v tnh bo mt. Chng hn, mc d thng qua Web
to ti khon ngi dng, thng tin nhy cm v ti khon, mt khu c yu cu giao
tip gia ngi vi ngi xc nhn r rng ngi dng c y quyn. Tnh bo mt l mt vn
quan trng c quan tm trong Cloud Computing Vic so snh gia Grids v
Clouds trong thi im hin ti ch phn nh c phn no cc u v khuyt im hin c
ca chng. Nhng c hai cng ng ny vn ang khng ngng pht trin hon thin.
hiu r hn v chng cn c nhng ti liu chuyn su hn v khng ngng cp nht
khng thuc phm vi ca bo co, di y l mt s bi bo tham kho
KT LUNCng ngh in ton m my ny c coi l gii php cho nhng vn m nhiu
cng ty ang gp phi nh thiu nng lc cng ngh thng tin, chi ph u t hn ch
Hin nay nhiu cng ty ang hoang ph ti nguyn nh khng khai thc ht cng
sut ca h thng my ch, u t qu nhiu v mt con ngi. Trong khi , v l
thuyt, cloud computing s cho php doanh nghip khng cn tp trung qu
nhiu cho c s h tng hoc nng cp ng dng, khng i hi ngun nhn lc ln v c
th d dng thay i quy m khi cn. C th ni in ton m my ang to c hi cho
cc doanh nghip hot ng hiu qu, thng minh v tit kim chi ph hn Tuy
nhin, in ton m my chc chn khng phi dnh cho tt c mi ngi v cho mi nhu
cu. Mc d li ch ca in ton m my l khng th ph nhn, nhng chng ta cn cn
nhc n cc yu t khc nhau khi tnh n chuyn ng dng in ton m my, c th nh:
an ton thng tin, ngun vn hin i quy trnh kinh doanh bng vic ng dng
cng ngh thng tin, gim chi tiu cho phn cng, phn mm, an ton bng thu
ngoi phn mm c s h tng, tnh linh35
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
hot v kh nng m rng ca ngun lc cng ngh thng tin trc khi quyt nh
ng dng in ton m my vo sn xut kinh doanh.
36
Nhm 6 dng
in ton m my & ng
TI LIU THAM KHO [1] http://vi.wikipedia.org/ [2]
http://www.ptc.com.vn/ [3] http://congnghe24h.vn/ [4]
http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/CloudComputingl.pdf
37
