Những Kinh Nghiệm Cho Tam Giác Phát Triển Việt Nam - Lào - Campuchia

8/20/2019 Những Kinh Nghiệm Cho Tam Giác Phát Triển Việt Nam - Lào - Campuchia

1/9

TAM G IAC TANG T R U 6 N G INDONEXIA

MALAIXIA XINGAPO:

N H O M G

KINH NGHIEM

CHO TAM GIAC PHAT TRIEN

VIET NAM LAO CAMPUCHIA

NGUYEN

THU

MY*

T

ara giac tang trfldng (grdwth tr i

angle - GT) la rapt each tiep can

hdp tac kinh te khu vUc radi cua ASEAN

va dUdc ch in h thflc thfla n h a n la rapt h in h

thflc hpi nhap kinh te khu vUc tai Hpi

nghi ThUdng dinh ASEAN lan thfl 4 hpp

tai Xingapd thang Gieng 1992. Tai Hpi

nghi nay, cac nhd lanh dao ASEAN da

thoa thuan thie t lap va thuc day hdp tac

kinh te tieu vung gifla cac nfldc ASEAN

va gifla cac thanh vien ASEAN vdi ben

ngoai. Nhflng thoa thuan nhu vay la mpt

hien tUdng mdi trdng hdp tac npi bp cua

ASEAN. Muc dich cua hinh thflc hdp tac

nay la da dang boa lien ket kinh te tieu

vung va gdp phan thuc day l ien ket kinh

te tren binh dien toan khu vUc Hiep hpi.

Hdp tac phat tr ien dudi hinh thflc cac

tam, tfl giac tang trfldng se tao cd hpi cho

cac ben tham gia phat huy nhflng ldi the

so sanh cua minh va lam cho qua tr inh

phan cdng lai lao dgng trong khu vUc trd

nen hdp ly hdn. Nhflng tam, tfl giac tang

trfldng hien cd cua ASEA N da trd th an h

dia ban dau tu hap dan ciia cac nha dau

tu nUdc ngodi. Nhd dd, cac nUdc ASEAN

da cd them ngudn vdn va cdng nghe can

th iet de day sU p h at trie n d cac dia

phUdng tham gia vad tam giac tang

trUdng ndi rieng, ca nUdc ndi chung

Ngoai ldi ich kinh te, cac tam, tfl giac

tang trfldng tren cdn tad dieu kien che

nhan dan cac nfldc trdng vflng tang cfldng

giao lflu vdi nhau. Tren cd sd dd, nhflng

tinh cam khu vUc se nay mdm va phat

trien. Chinh nhflng t inh cam nay mdi la

chat kee gan ket lau ben cac nUdc trong

kh u vUc vdi n ha u.

Bai viet nay se gdp phan cung ca'p rapt

so' ki nh ng hie m tfl viec nghien cflu qua

trinh xay dflng va phat tr ien tam giac tang

trfldng Inddnexia- Malaixia- Xingapo cho

viec t r ien khai tara giac phat t r ien

Campuchia - Lao - Viet Nam (CLV- DT)

1.

Qua t r inh xay

dUng

va ph at tr ien

c i ia

T a m

g i a c t a n g trUdfng

Indone xia -

Malai x ia - X inga po IMS-GT)

PGS.TS. Nguyen Thu My, Vien Nghien cilu Dong Nam A


2/9

22

Nghien ciiu Ddng Nam A

2/2010

IMS-

GT la tam giac tang t rUdng ddu

tien dUdc thanh lap d Ddng N am

a* ̂.

Tara

giac nay dUdc Xingapo chinh thflc de xua't

Ian dau t ien vao th an g 12 nar a 1989 va

dUdc cac nh a la nh dao Ma laix ia va

Inddnexia t an thanh vao t h a n g

6/1990*- ̂.

1 .1 . Qua t r inh th an h lap IMS-GT

Thoa thuan xay dUng IMS - GT phat

t r i en nay ba t ddu tfl 2 tho a th u a n song

phfldng. Mpt ndi Xingapo vdi Riau; rapt

ndi Xingapo vdi Joho. Sau dd, chinh phu 3

nfldc thoa thuan thiet lap rapt khung hdp

tac tieu vung luc dau dfldc gpi la SIJORI.

Ban Ghi nhd ve hdp tac kinh te gifla ba

ben dfldc chinh thflc ky ket vao thang 12

nam 1994, danh dau sfl ra ddi cua

SIJORI.

Thang 5/1995, t inh Tay Sumatra chinh

thflc ndm trdng tam giac phat tr ien, tam

giac nay dfldc gpi la Tara giac tang trfldng

Indd nex ia- Mala ixia - Xingapo (IMS- GT).

Bang 1.

Sfl phat trien cua IMS - GT do khu vflc

tfl nhan ddn dfldng va theo quy luat thi

trfldng. Cac chinh phu hd trd, khuyen

khich va tao thuan ldi cho ddng chay cua

hdng boa, dich vu, ddu tfl va con ngfldi.

De xflc tien va quan ly cac heat dpng

hdp tac trong IMS- GT, cac ben thara gia

da thoa thuan lap ra cac the che hdp tac

bao gdm:

O cdp do qudc gia: t h a n h lap cd quan

dieu phd'i quo'c gia bao gdm cac Bp trUdng

kinh te, ThUdng raai va cdng nghiep

j cap do Tam giac tdng

trUdng:

+ Hpi nghi cap bp chung cd nhiem vu

de xem xet sU tien bg va giai quyet cac va'n

de ve chinh sach

+ 6 Nhdm cdng tac ve cac Ilnh vUc cdng

ngh iep, dich vu, non g ng hiep , ha tang cd

BANG 1:

N H U N G

CHI SO CO BAN VE TAM GL\C

T A N G

TRUING IMS 1994

C ac

chi so

Dien tich

(kin2)

Dan so '

(trieu ngfldi)

GDP

( t r ieu USD)

G N P t r e n d a u

ngfldi (USD

Tang t rUdng

( )

J o h o r

18.914

2,3

4.338

2.192

6,3

X i n g a p o

641

2,9

70.200

24.245

10,1

Riau a

94.562

3,7

3.320

897b

12,1c

T a y Xumatd ra a

49 .778

4,2

2.836

675 b

9,4 c

T o n g c o n g

163.895

13 1

80.694

Ghi chu: a: Sd he u 1993 ; b : GD P tr en dau ngUdi; c: td'c dp tan g trUdng giai doan 1987-1991

Nguon: C hia Slow Yue & Lee Tsao Yuan {1993) Johor Economic Planning Unit

{1995) Asia- Pacific Economic Group {1995), Indonesian National Development

Information Office


3/9

Nguyen Thu My - Tam giac tdng trifdng Inddnexia - Malaixia - Xingapo...

23

s d, p h a t t r i e n n g u d n n h a n lUc va d u l ich

+ Hpi nghi cac quan chf lc cao cap hoat

dpng nhu cd quan l i en lac g i f la

+ Hp i ngh i B p t rUdng chung va C ac

Nhdra cdng t ac

+ H p i d d n g k i n h d o a n h c h u n g c u a k h u

vUc tu n h a n

1 .2 . T i n h h i n h h d p t a c t r o n g T a m

g i a c t a n g trUdng I M S

1 2 1 Nhiing bien phdp thuc ddy

hap tdc cii chinh phd

3 nUdc

S u ra dd i cua IMS - GT da t huc day hdn

nf la cac hdat dpng hdp tac ca t ren cd sd

song ph f l dn g l an da ph f l d ng g if la

I n d d n e x i a - X i n g a p o va M a l a i x i a . N h a m

t ao d ieu k i en t h u a n ld i cho cac bo a t dpng

hdp t ac , ch i nh p h u cac n fl dc t r e n da ba n

h a n h n h i e u c h i n h s a c h q u a n t r p n g .

Inddnexia:

Ngay t f l t r f ldc khi IMS- GT df ldc thanh

l ap ,

treng nam 1990 , Inddnex i a da ban bd '

md t ch i nh s a ch de t h u h u t ddu tU vao B an

T a m . T h e o c h i n h s a c h n a y :

- T r on g 5 na m da u t i en , cd ph an cua

ngudi nudc ngoai cd the l en td i 100%,

nhUng sau dd , 5% pha i danh cho ngUdi

Inddnex i a (neu cdng t y xua ' t khau 100%

s a n p h a m , s e k h d n g b i r u t b d t t h e m p h a n

t r a m c d p h d n t h e o q u y d i n h t r e n ) .

- Ddn g ian hda cac thu tuc dau tU.

C h i n h q u y e n B a n T a m , c h f l k h d n g p h a i

Cue dieu phd' i dau tU qud'c gia (BKPM) d

Gi acac t a xem xe t cac ddn dau t U . Tuy

nh i e n , vi ec ph e c h u a n dU an da u tU t hupc

v e B K P M .

- Khu vUc tu nhan cd the l ap cac bat

dpng sdn cdng ng h i e p d B a n T am .

Ngod i ra , cac cdng ty dau tU vao Ba n

Tam cdn dUdc hUdng cac Uu dai ddu tu

r d n g r a i n h U : k h d n g p h a i d d n g t h u e n h a p

k h au , th u e g ia t r i g ia t a ng , g ia thu e da 't cd

t i n h ca nh t r a n h va d ich vu rap t c ifa g iup

cac nh a ddu tU t i em n an g ve t ron g q ua

t r i n h l am ddn , ph e ch ua n da u tU , cac t h i i

t uc nh ap cU l ac ddn g

Ban Tam cung df ldc hf ldng nhf lng ld i

the t f l quy d inh mdi ve thue dat . Tf l

1/4/1995, cac nha ddu t f l nfldc ngoai dap

flng dfldc cac yeu cdu ddu tfl binh thfldng

cd the thue da ' t t rong 80 nam. Cac ndi

khac luc ddu ch i df ldc thue 30 nam, sau dd

l am ddn t hue t hem 50 nam. Nhf l ng quy

d i n h md i na y nh a m l a m yen long cac nha

da u tf l da i b a n cua Xingapo* . B an T ar a

va B in ta n d eu cd cac qu an chflc cao cap

(Bp t r f ldng Habib ie dd ' i vd i Ban Tam, Bp

t r f l d n g H a r t a r t o ddi vdi B in t an ) df lng d au

nham dam bao cam ke t ch i nh t r i cao va

tao thuan ld i cung ca 'p vdn cho xay df lng

ha tang cd sd.

Khdng chi danh f lu dai cho cac nha dau

t f l vao B an Tara , ch i nh phu Inddnex i a cdn

cpng tac chat che vdi ch inh phi i Xingapo

d e p h a t t r i e n B a n T a m . X i n g a p o va

Indd nex i a da cd nh f l ng h i ep d i n h song

phf l dng ve c f lng ph a t t r i e n R i a u va bao hp

dau t f l . Ca hai nfldc da t ien hanh cac

chuyen t ha ra xuc t i en dau t f l t d i Nha t

b a n , c a c NIES va th ie t l ap mpt uy ban ca 'p

bp de dfl bao va tao th u a n ld i cho sfl p h at

t r i en cua R i au . Ha i ben cdn l ap r a mp t

B an phd i hdp l am t hd i . B an nay bad gdm

nhflng dai d ien cua cac cd quan dau t f l va

pha t t r i en cua khu v f l c R i au va B an P ha t


4/9

24

Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A 2/2010

tr ien kinh te Xingapd de giup dd cho cac

cdng ty dau tf l vao Riau. Hai ben cung nd

Iflc phi hdp va hai boa cac quy dinh va thu

tuc gifla Indd nex ia va Xinga po

De thflc day cac boat dpng hdp tac,

Xingapd va Inddnexia da thoa thuan thie t

lap dfldng bay trflc tiep tfl Xingapo tdi 5

dia phf ldng d Ind on ex ia la L omb ok,

Menado, Ujung Pandung, Solo, Padang.

Xingapo cung thie t lap la nh sfl d th u ph u

Pekaba ru ciia Riau de danh gia cac du an

va tang cUdng lien ket Xingapo - Riau.

NgUdc lai , Riau va Nam Xumatdra se lap

van phdng ta i Xingapo

Malaixia

Su tham gia cua chinh phu Malaixia

vao IM S-G T kh dn g raanh rae n hu

Xingapo hoac Inddnexia. Dieu nay cd the

la do tro ng thUc te , da td n t ai rapt so' lien

doanh gifla Xingapo va M alaix ia d cap dp

chinh thflc. Do vay, nhu cau ve cac sang

kien tfl chinh phii bj giara bdt. Tuy nhien,

Bp trUdng Cdng ng hiep va Th ud ng m ai

qudc te cua Malaixia Rafidad Aziz da keu

gpi khu vUc tu n h an cua Xing apo t ien

hanh cac budc cu the hdn de xuc t ien cac

du an hdp tac cdng nghiep cd t inh bd sung

cho nhau* *'.

Chinh phu Malaixia cung dUa ra rapt

so'bien phap bao gdra ndi long cac

quy dinh, cac nguyen tdc dau tfl nfldc

ngoai tf l 1986 de khuyen khich dau tu vao

Joho. Ve ph an rainh, ch inh quy en b an g

Joho da thuc day manh rae cac rad'i lien

ket gifla Xingapo va Joho ngay tfl trfloc

khi thiet lap IMS-GT thdng qua cac bien

phap sau:

* Tang so' lUdng ba't ddng san cdng

nghiep va cai thien cac t ien ich cdng

nghiep de khuy en k hich di chu yen cac cd

sd cdng nghiep tdi cac khu vUc ndng thdn.

* Tang mflc dp san sang ve lao dpng

lan h ngh e d Jo ho t hd ng qu a cac cd sd va

cac chUdng trinh ddo tao mdi

* Nang cap ha tang van tai , dac biet la

dudng xa va cang.

* Hdp ly boa cac thu tuc hai quan, nang

cap va md rdn g cac phUd ng tie n di cU va

hai quan, bad gdm ca viec dUa vao thflc

hien sm ar t card ( the nh an h) de lam thu

tuc di cU gifla X inga po va

Joho*^\

Xingapo

Nhflng thay ddi chinh sach cua

Xingapo d a dd ng gdp vao sU ph at tr ien

cua IM S- GT. Tfl na m 1993, chin h phd da

co'ga ng xay dflng cac ca nh be n ngoai cho

nen kinh te Xingapo, bang viec khuyen

khich cac cdng ty dau tU ra hai ngoai, dac

biet la vao cac khu vUc gan va dang tang

trUdng nhanh nhU Joho va Riau. Chinh

phu Xingapo cung gia tang viec tuyen

dung cdng nhan nUdc ngoai va khuyen

khich chuyen cac nganh cdng nghiep tap

trung lao dgng ra nUdc ngoai. Mot so'

ngUdi Xin gapo xem IM S- G T nhU la budc

dem khdi dau cho chien ludc khu vUc boa

cua dat nUdc vi nd cung cap cho cac cdng

ty Xingapo cd hpi de hieu mdi trUdng van

boa va k inh do an h d cac nUdc lan can

1.2 .2 . ThUc trang phat tr ien trong

IMS-GT

Dfldi tac dpng ciia cac chinh sach flu

dai ciia cac chinh

phii ,

lien ket kinh te

gifla cac ben trong IMS-GT phat tr ien ra ' t


5/9

Nguyen Thu My - Tam giac tdng trifdng Inddnexia - Malaixia - Xingapo.

IS

m a n h m e .

a.Lien

ket Xingapo- Riau

Ddu t u cua Xi ngapo , ke ca cua cac

M N C s cd t r u s d d X i n g a p o l a n g u d n FDI

ch i nh d B a n Ta m . Hi e n cd hdn 400 nh a

m ay d B an T am , 70% cd l i en qua n t d i

X i n g a p o .

C a c t a p d o a n k i n h d o a n h X i n g a p o d a

t ich cUc hd p tac vdi cac do an h n gh ie p tU

n h a n I n d d n e x i a d e p h a t t r i e n h a t a n g c d

sd , ke ca ba t dpng san cdng ngh i ep va cac

kh u ngh i dUdng d B an Tar a va B i n t an .

B ang 2 .

Nhd g ia t ang dau tU, cd sd ha tdng d

B an Tam da d f l dc ca i t h i en r5 r e t . S an bay

qud 'c t e B an Ta m (H an g Nad i m ) da md

ci fa vad 1995, vd i dudng chay 4000 m va

cd t h e t i ep nh a n dUdc m ay b ay 74 7 . C ac ke

hoach xay dUng cang C hau a de ca i t h i en

cac d ich vu cdngtdnd va g iara sU phu

t hugc vao Xi ngapo da dUdc t huc day .

N a n g lUc v a n c h u y e n b a n g tau len tdi

150 . 000dwt .

Va e nar a 199 7, 6 ch ie c ca u da dUdc xay

de ndi B a n T a r a v d i c a c d a o R a r a p a n g v a

G a l a n g c u a I n d d n e x i a . N h U v a y d i e n t i c h

de phat t r i en va cd sd du l i ch da dupc md

rdng. Khu vUc nay rdng hdn 1 ,15 lan

X i n g a p d . BIDA da dau tU dd nang cap

dudng va cac du an cung cap d ien , nf ldc .

Nam 2000, 570 km df ldng da df ldc hdan

t h a n h .

Cung vdi v iec ddu tU vae ha tang cd sd ,

cac cdng t y Xi ngapo va cac MMC s cdn ddu

t u vao nh i e u dU an c dng ng h i e p va du l i ch .

T i nh t d i nam 2000, cd 4 du an chu chd' t la

V u d n c d n g n g h i e p B a n T a r a i n d o , B a t d p n g

san C ong ngh i ep B i n t an ; Khu ngh i d f l dng

qudc te bai b ien B in ta n ; To hdp cdng

ngh i ep va ha i dUdng K ar i m un . Nhf l ng d fl

an na y th u h u t 4 ty do la FDI va tao viec

lam cho hdn 100.000 ngUdi Inddnexia , dua

lai ngudn thu 2,5 ty vao nam 2000**' ' .

Ng oai 4 du a n ldn t r en , g if la Xin gap o

va I nd on ex ia cdn cd mot so ' dfl a n nh fl Dfl

an cung cap nfldc cho Xingapo, Dfl an ca 'p

khi ga t f l nhien, dfl an cung ca 'p thflc

p h a m c h o X i n g a p o

b . L i e n

k e t

k i n h

t e

X i n g a p o - J o h o

Xingapo va Joho df ldc ndi vdi nhau

bang con ha i t uyen dUdng bp , pha va

dudng sat . Joho la dd ' i tac mau dich ldn

t h f l ba cua Xi ngapo sau My , Nha t , ch i em

1/

2 tdn g bud n b an c ua nfldc nay vdi

Malaix ia va 60% dau tu t rUc t i ep cua

X i n g a p o d M a l a i x i a .

D a u t u ciia Xingapo vao Joho len td i 85

ty RM vdi 662 dU an che tao Hau het cac

hang Xingapo la cac cdng ty vf la va nhd .

Joho cung l a ngudn cung cap Idn khach du

l ich dudng bp t f l Malaix ia td i Xingapd.

Ngfldc lai , Xingapd la mpt ci fa ngo cho

khach du l i ch vao Mal a i x i a bang dudng

bp.

N a m 2 0 0 0 , 2 t r i e u k h a c h d a v ao J o h o

tfl Xin ga po , t r on g so ' dd so' k h ac h ngfldi

X i n g a p o c h i e m 70 . Vdi viec xay dflng

d f l dng cao t dc B ac -Nam cua Mal a i x i a ,

Joho da t rd thanh c i fa ngd chd ngUdi

Xi ngapo d i t hdm khap ban dao Ma l a i .

Theo t hdng ke cua cac d i e ra k i em traluat

n h a p c a n h , t r u n g b i n h r a d i t h a n g c d

800.000 ngUdi Xingapo, d i qua dUdng bp

tdi Joho*'^'.

N hd m t ao t h u a n l d i hd n n fl a chd cac


6/9

26

Nghien ciiu Ddng Nam A 2/2010

BANG 2: cAc D U A N DAU TU DU AN HA T A N G CHUNG G I U A XINGAPO

vA INDONEXIA d TINH RL\U

Dvtan

K h u nghi ditSng quoc t e ' ba i b i en B i n t a n

To hdp b i en K a r i m un

Du an nude nggt Bin tan

Ba t dgng s an Cong ngh i ep K a r im un

Bat dgng san cong nghiep Bin tan

Lang cong ngh i ep Ban Tam

Lang Hanh ch inh (Execut ive v i l l age)

T r i e u d o l a M y

2.000

1.000

950

600

350

350

60

boat ddng du lich va hdp tac kinh te gifla

hai ben, rapt tuyen dfldng bp thfl hai ndi

Xingapo va Joho da dfldc chinh phu

Xingapo va Tap doan Renong hdp tac xay

dflng.

Tfl 7/1999, cac phUdng tien kiem tra di

dan d diera kiera tra W oo dlan ds da dUdc

trang bi thiet bi kiem tra hien dai de dara

bao kiera soat bien gidi chat che. Vao luc

khai trUdng diem kiem tra radi nay da cd

118.000 ngudi bao gdm lai xe van tai, lai d

td va nhflng ngfldi khac di qua.

Tfl nam 1967-1999, ngfldi Xingapo di

qua dudng bp cd the sif dung hp chieu ban

che ciia Xingapo (SRP) hoac ho chieu qud'c

te , nhung tfl sau 1999, SRP cua Xingapo

dUdc thay bdng the Sm artc ard .

Ve ph an rainh, Ch inh phu M alaixia

cung xuc t ien nhieu hoat dgng nhdm thuc

day lien ket kinh te gifla Joho va Xingapo.

Mpt trong nhflng boat dpng dd la ke hoach

xay dflng Cdng qudc te phia nara bao gdra

mpt chiec cau mdi dai 1,5 kra cd kha nang

cho 200.000 xe di qua mdi ngay va nd'i

dudng cao td'c ciia Xingapo vdi dudng cao

Nguon: AFTA Monitor {1994)

td 'c Bac- Nara cua Malaixia.

Cung nhu Ban Tam, Joho la ngudn

cung cap nudc nggt quan t rgng cho

Xingapo. Moi ngay t ieu b an g na y cung cap

cho Xingapo 214 trieu ga Ion nUdc thd,

dap flng hdn mot nifa nhu cau ve nUdc cua

Xingapo**^'. NgUdc lai, mdi ngay Joho mua

t rung b inh 37 t r i eu galon nUdc da qua xif

ly tfl Xin gap o cho nh a m ay nfldc d Jo ho .

c. Lien kit givCa Inddnexia vd

Malaixia

Mdi lien ket gifla Joho va Riau cdn ban

che do thieu kha nang bd sung cho nhau

ve kinh te gifla hai khu vUc nay. Cho tdi

gdn day, mdi cbi cd vai dU an ldn nhU dU

an nhU:

- Cong vien cdng nghiep Padang rong

616 ha d Tay X ura atd ra do Cong ty Joho

va chinh quyen t inh Tay Xuma tdra hdp

tac xay dUng vao nam 1997. Chi phi dau

tu khoang 225 t r ieu RM.

- Lien doanh vUdn cdng nghiep thfl hai

d Duma i , tinh Riau.

- Dich vu van chuyen bang pha gifla


7/9

Nguyen Thu My - Tam giac tdng trudng Inddnexia - Malaixia - Xingapo...

P a s i r G u d a n g - B a n T a m , P a s i r G u d a n g -

T a n j u n g P i n a n g ( t h u p c B i n t a n ) .

Ngod i r a , Mal a i x i a cdn ddu t f l vao

t r d n g cp d d u d N a m X u m a t d r a va R i a u .

2. M o t s o k i n h n g h i e m tif th c t e x a y

d ng

A S E A N G T s c h o v i e c t r i e n k h a i

x a y d ng T a m

g i a c

p h a t t r i e n V i e t

N a m

-

L a o

-

C a m p u c h i a C L V- D T )

N g h i e n c f l u q u a t r i n h h i n h t h a n h v a

p h a t t r i e n c u a t a m g i a c t a n g t r f l d n g

I n d d n e x i a - M a l a i x i a - X i n g a p o cd t h e r u t

r a nh i eu k i n h ng h i em h f l u i ch dd i vd i v i ec

t r i e n k h a i C L V - D T . D e d a r a b a o t h a n h

cdng cho mpt t ar a g iac t a n g t r f ldng th i s fl

gan can ve d ia ly , y ch i ch inh t r i ciia cac

n h a l a n h d a d , t i n h c a m l a n g g i e n g g d n g u i

la chfla d i i . N g o a i n h f l n g n h a n t o ' t r e n , c d n

can t d i m p t l oa t n h a n t o ' kh ac nh f l :

1) Viec qu a lai t r e n ca c dfldng bien gidi

qud 'c g ia phai de dang t i ep can ddi vdi

n h a u , td t n h a t la phai md c i fa chd nhau .

Di eu nay ddi hd i cac nUdc thanh v ien

t h a m g i a v a o t a m g i a c t a n g t r U d n g b d t

n h a y c a m v e chii qu ye n quo 'c g ia . H ien

nay , vd i v i ec xay dUng t hanh cdng C png

d d n g A S E A N v a o n a m 2 0 1 5 , c a c t a r a g i a c

t a n g t r u d n g c u a A S E A N n d i c h u n g , C L V -

DT ndi r i eng , dang cd thera rap t d ieu k ien

t h u a n l d i d e p h a t t r i e n t r d n g n h f l n g nam

sdp tdi .

2)

P ha i cd i t nha ' t rapt t r u n g t am m an h

cd k h a n a n g p h a t t r i e n n h f l n g h i e u q u a

lan t oa ve mau d i ch va dau t U ddi vdi cac

kh u vUc t h a m g i a t a r a g i ac . M ot t ro ng

n h f ln g n g u y e n n h a n t h a n h c d n g c u a I M S -

GT chinh la cd df ldc Xingapd vdi t f l each la

t rung t a ra nh f l vay .

3) C ac ben t h a r a g i a ph a i cd qu an h e bd

s u n g c a c n g u d n Iflc cho nhau . S f l t hanh

cong cua IMS -GT cho t ha ' y kha nang bd

s u n g n g u d n Iflc c h o n h a u l a n h a n to'quan

t r p n g n h a t d e d a m b a o t h a n h c o n g c h o

m p t G T . N g a y t r o n g I M S - G T , n h f l n g k h u

vUc cd k h a n a n g bd su ng n hi eu nha ' t cho

nhau l a nh f l ng khu v f l c pha t t r i en nhanh

nha ' t . L ien ket k inh te g i f l a Xingapo -

Ria u , g i fl a X ing ap o- Jo ho raanh h dn l i en

ket g i f l a Riau va Jeho . Bdi v i kha nang bd

sung l an cho nhau g i f l a Xi ngapo vd i R i au

va Joho l dn hdn kha nang bd sung cho

nhau g i f l a R i au va Joho .

4) Khu vf lc t f l nhan phai la d p n g Iflc

t rong t a ra g i ac t ang t r f l dng . De t huc day

khu vf lc t f l nhan tham gia vao phat t r i en

t ieu vflng, rat can t f l do boa mau dich, lao

dpng va t f l ban

5)

Ha tang cd sd phai phat t r i en td ' t .

6) C ac mdi q u a n h e van hda xa hpi la

cac nhan t o dau t i en cho v i ec t h i e t lap mpt

G T t h a n h c d n g .

7) Mflc dp cam ket chinh t r i cao dd ' i vdi

kha i n i em GT cua cac ben t ham g i a . C am

ket ch i nh t r i l a t uye t ddi can t h i e t de dam

bao khung the che cho hdp tac g i f la ch inh

quy en t r un g Udng va d i a

p h U d n g ,

khu vUc

tu n h a n va d an cU sd'ng t ro ng ta m giac

8)

Hdp t ac t rdng GT pha i l a hdp t ac

c u n g t h d n g . I M S - G T d a g d p p h a n q u y e t

d inh vao v iec thuc ddy dau tU vao cd sd ha

t a n g v a p h a t t r i e n n g u d n lUc t u nh i en va

p h a t t r i e n c a c n g a n h c d n g - t h U O n g

n g h i e p h u d n g v a o x u a t k h a u . N h d d d , c a c

be n deu g i a t a n g t hu n h ap , t h ay dd i cd


8/9

28 Nghien cifu Dong Nam A 2/2010

cau kinh te, tao viec

lara,

phat t r ien ky

nang va chuyen giao cdng nghe gifla mdi

ben tham gia.

Tuy nhien, tac dpng tdi Riau la ldn hdn.

Tfl nara 1989, cac mdi lien ket kinh te vdi

Xingapo va Malaixia da chuyen hoa nen

kinh te Riau. Hieu qua nay the hien qua

cac chi so ' ph at tr ie n k in h te va gia ta ng

da n so'. Sfl p h a t tr ien cu ng lan sa ng cac

hdn dao khac trong tinh. Dfldc khich le bdi

cac ket qua tham gia vao IMS-GT,

Inddnexia da quyet dinh khdng chi tham

gia vao cac tam giac tang trfldng khac cua

ASEAN ma cdn thiet lap tam giac tang

trfldng vdi cac ddi tac ngoai khu vflc, trfldc

bet la vdi Australia.

Tham gia vao IMS-GT, bang Joho cua

Malaixia da dUdc ldi ldn tfl sU dau tU cao

cua Xingapo va cac nUdc Ddng a. Su tang

trUdng va phat t r ien kinh te nhanh chdng

ciia Xingapo vdi tfl each la mpt true van

tai va l ien lac qudc te quan trpng da lan

tea tdi Joho. Joho dang t rd thanh t rung

tam tang trUdng quan trpng cua raien

Nam Malaixia khi l ien ket vdi sflc manh

kinh te npi dia. Mac du khong the ndi

ran g sU ph at tr i en cua Jo ho hien n ay la

tham gia vao IMS -GT (vi cac luc lUdng thi

trUdng da thuc day cac radl lien ket nay tfl

trfldc khi tara giac dfldc thanh lap), nhflng

IMS-

GT da ddng gdp them vao sfl nang

dpng cua t ieu bang nay.

IMS- GT da tao cd hgi cho Xingapo day

raanh dau tU ra ben ngoai de day n h an h

qua trinh tai cd ca'u cdng nghiep tfl cac

nganh tap t rung lao dpng sang cac nganh

cdng nghiep va dich vu cd gia tri gia tang

cao

va

tap trung tU ban. Viec ddu tU ra

ben ngoai da giup Xingapo khac phuc t inh

trang thieu da't , lao dgng, giam chi phi san

xuat va duy t r i kha nang canh t ranh qud 'c

te cho cac nganh cdng nghiep tap t rung

lao dpng cua Xingapo. Dau tU ra ben ngoai

cung lam gia tan g nh u cau ve han g hoa, tU

ban, cac nguyen l ieu dau vao t rung gian

va cac chflc nang dich vu cua Xingapo,

tang cUdng vai trd cua Xingapo vdi tU each

la rapt true cua k hu vUc. IM S-G T dara bao

sU tiep can cua X ingap o tdi cac ngudn lUc

chu chdt nhu nUdc ngpt, cac tien ich giai

tr i va sang tao. Tuy nhien, khi so sanh

viec phan phoi ldi ich hdp tdc t rong IMS-

GT,

Ma laix ia dUdng n h u It th u dUdc ldi

hdn. Cd le vi vay, Kuala Lurapua khdng

tha t nh ie t t inh thara g ia vao IM S- GT. Uu

tien trong hdp tac t ieu vung cua hp dUdc

danh ch i

IMT-GT

va EAGA.

Mac du dfldc Igi

nhieu tfl viec thara gia

vao IMS- GT, khong i t ngUdi Inddnexia

van khdng hai long ve sU phan phd'i ldi Ich

trong tara giac tang trUdng nay. Hp cho

rang Xingapo dUdc Idi nhieu nha't tfl IMS-

GT. Theo hp, viec phat tr ien nhflng nganh

cdng nghiep khong dfla tren tai nguyen va

hudng ra xua't khau vdi mdt ham lUdng

nhap khau cad chi dUa tdi gia tri gia tang

npi dia nhd va it lien ket vdi kinh te

Inddnexia va Malaixia .

Ngoai ra, cdn co mot sfl nhay cam ve

vai trd cua radi khu vUc trong tam giac

tang trudng. Indonexia khdng raud'n bi coi

nhu la day cua sU phan cong lao dpng

trong t ieu vung, khi cung cap lao dpng

khdn g lanh ngh e va gia re . Joho khdng

m uo n hi coi chi nhU dia diem ddu tU cac

cong nghiep cdng nghe trung binh va ban


9/9

Nguyen Thu My - Tam giac tdng trudng Inddnexia - Malaixia - Xingapo...

29

k y n a n g . V e p h a n m i n h , X i n g a p o , c u n g c d

nhf l ng quan nga i ve t ac dpng cua sU g i a

t a n g d d u t u h u d n g r a b e n n g o a i ddi vdi cd

c a u c d n g n g h i e p h o a c v e Id h d n g t r o n g

n e n t a n g c d n g n g h i e p c u a X i n g a p o . M p t s o '

cdng t y nhd va vf la lo mat cd hpi l am an do

cac kh ac h ba n g l dn ch uy en ra n f ldc ngod i .

9) De da ra ba o t h a n h cdng cho rap t t am

giac ta n g tr f ldng , c h i n h p h u mdi nfldc

t h a m g i a c a n n d Iflc de cd dfldc sfl ddng

t h u a n x a h p i . K i n h n g h i e m c u a B a n T a m

t rong IMS - GT nhdc nhd d i eu nay .

IMS - GT gdp phan t ao nen g i f l a cac

v f lng , cac b a n g d In dd ne x i a v a M al a i x i a .

Mau t hudn nay s i nh t f l s f l e nga i rdng v i ec

c ac c h i n h p h i i t a p t r u n g n g u d n lUc cho cac

khu vUc t ro ng t a ra g i ac p h a t t r i e n cd t he

l am t h i e t ha i t d i cac vung , cac bang khac .

Mpt so ngUdi b I n d d n e x i a d a d a t v a n d e ve

t i nh hUu i ch va cdng bang ciia viec chi t ieu

ldn cho ha tang cd sd d Riau . Theo bp , v iec

dau tu nhu vay chi dUa lai ldi ich cho gidi

chdp bu Ind dn ex i a va g i di k i nh do an h

Xin gap o. Cdn n eu dd u tU cho cac k h u vUc

khac se dera lai Idi Ich chu yeu che ngUdi

I n d d n e x i a .

T r o n g bd'i c a n h n h u v a y , c h i n h p h u c a c

n f l dc t ham g i a vao cac GTs can nd Iflc d e

t ao r a s f l ddng t huan xa hp i ve sU can

t h i e t t h a r a g i a v a o G T c u n g n b u s U c a n

t h i e t p h a i t a p t r u n g c a c n g u d n lUc p h a t

t r i en cho cac d i a phUdng t ha ra g i a vad

hdp tac t i eu vf lng . Ldi i ch ciia viec t ap

t r u n g n g u d n lUc qud 'c g ia t r o n g mo t th d i

gian nha' t dinh la tao ra dUdc rapt cUc

t ang t rUdng rad i . S au kh i h i nh t hanh , cUc

t a n g t r u d n g d d p h a t h u y t a c d d n g l a n t o a

t d i cac kh u vUc xu n g qu an h , t ao ne n

nhf l ng l an sdng dau t U va ddng t hUdng

mai mdi cho cac khu vUc ngoai v i cua tara

g i ac t ang t rUdng . / .

H U T H I H

1. Tam giac nay dUdc b i e t dudi cac ten khac

n h a u nhif SIJORI (ket hdp hai chfl dau

t rong ten eua cae ben tham gia :

Singa pore , Johor; Riau ) theo each goi cua

Bo t r i fdng Bp Khoa hpc cong nghe

Indonexia Habib ie) hoac JSR-GT (Tam

giac tang t rUdng Johor- ingapore - Riau),

hoac Nusa-Tiga, mpt thuat ngfl do Thu

hien Johor dung, hoac IMS - GT (Tam

giac tang t rUdng Indonexia - Xingapo -

Malaixia) .

2.

Singapore Straits Times Weekly Edition, 5

June 1990.

3. Indone sia - Ma laysia - Singapo re Growth

Triangle , xem ta i

h t t p : / / w w w . f a s . n u s . e d u . s g / e c s / p u b / w p -

scape/0606.pdf.-

4.

Singapore Strai ts Times Edi t ion, 27 May

1995. P.18.

5. Ku ma r, Sree 1994, Johor - Singap o- Riau

Growth Triangle: A model of Subregional '

Cooperat ion. P. 180.

6. Dan theo: Chia Slow Yue, Director, ISEAS

(Singapore): Indonesia - Malaysia-

Singapore Growth Triangle.

www.cpu.gv.hk/english/documents/confer-

ence /

e synchia.rtf

(Outline of presentation).

7. Nh flng so' lieu ve qu an he ki nh te, du lich

gifla Xingapo va Jo ho, Malaixia dUde de

cap d day, dSn theo bai cua TS.Chia Siou

You. Bai da dan.

8. Xingapo mua nguyen l ieu nu6e tho theo 2

hiep dinh ky vao nam 1961 va 1962. Hai

hiep dinh nay se het han vao nam 2011

va 2061.
http://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/ecs/pub/wpscape/0606.pdfhttp://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/ecs/pub/wpscape/0606.pdfhttp://www.cpu.gv.hk/english/documents/conferencehttp://www.cpu.gv.hk/english/documents/conferencehttp://www.cpu.gv.hk/english/documents/conferencehttp://www.cpu.gv.hk/english/documents/conferencehttp://www.cpu.gv.hk/english/documents/conferencehttp://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/ecs/pub/wpscape/0606.pdfhttp://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/ecs/pub/wpscape/0606.pdf

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