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Nhng nguyn liu sn xut nhinliu sinh hc (phn 1)

Neutralize | 15/11/2012 - 05:00 0 0

Cc nhin liu ha thch nh than, du kh ang dn c thay th bi nhng nguyn liu miCon ngi ang c gng khai thc nhng ngun nguyn liu c tim nng. Mt la chn c rnhiu nh khoa hc tm chnh l nhin liu sinh hc thay th xng du ly t thin nhin. Mtloi du t nhin thm ch c th c s dng ngay trong u my diesel . ng Rudolph Diesel

thit k mt loi my chy bng du t nhin thu c t nng sn ca ngi nng dn. Tuy nhin,loi du tinh khit ny cng vn cn nhng hn ch nh d b ng li vo thi tit lnh, nh hngti b lc, kim phun v cc linh kin khc trn ng c.

Cc nh ha hc a ra mt s gii php cho vn ny. Mt s nh my khi ln men bia v r ng thi sn xut ethanol. Ethanol l nhin liu sch chit xut t cc cht hu c nh thn cng hoc ma, quc gia ni ting v nhin liu ny chnh l Brazil, ni trng hng triu hecta maThnh phn ca nhin liu E85 gm c 85% ethanol v 15% xng. Loi cy trng khc nh unnh, c s dng nhiu hn sn xut du diesel sinh hc. Hu ht cc ng c u c th cdu diesel sinh hc vi mc gy nhim mi trng t hn.

http://genk.vn/tacgia-92/neutralize.chnhttp://genk.vn/tacgia-92/neutralize.chnhttp://genk.vn/date/d15/m11/y2012.chnhttp://genk.vn/date/d15/m11/y2012.chnhttp://genk.vn/date/d15/m11/y2012.chnhttp://genk.vn/tacgia-92/neutralize.chnhttp://genk.vn/date/d15/m11/y2012.chnhttp://genk.vn/tacgia-92/neutralize.chn

7/30/2019 Nhng nguyn liu sn xut nhin liu sinh hc.docx

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Du diesel sinh hc

Cc c s h tng ch bin nhin liu sinh hc vn ang c xy dng nhiu khu vc trn gii. Nhu cu tm nhin liu mi thay th cho cc nhin liu ha thch ngy cng cao. Trong bi viny, GenK xin gii thiu ti bn c mt s loi nguyn liu tim nng cho ngnh nhin liu sinhhc.

1. Ng

Khng ch l lng thc chnh nhiu nc, ng cng l ngun nguyn liu tim nng ca nhinliu sinh hc. Nh c hm lng ng cao to ra ethanol, ng chnh l ngun gc ca lngethanol s dng trong qu trnh sn xut nhin liu E85. sn xut c ethanol t ng, trc nnh sn xut phi tch ng ly lignin v xenlulozo c cha hm lng ng cao. Ethanol tinhch thng c thm vo lm ph gia gim khi. Tuy nhin, ethanol cng c th c s dng lnhin liu chnh.

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Khng ch l lng thc, ng cn c th lm nhin liu.

M, ethanol t ng tht s l mt nhin liu thay th hiu qu cho nhin liu ha thch. Tuy nhs dng ng khng phi l khng c nhc im. Nhu cu thy li s dng ngun nc trngca ngi dn ngy cng cao, nguy c tim tng ti ngun nc sinh hot v sn xut. Hn na,nhiu nng dn ang chuyn t trng cy lng thc sang trng ng phc v sn xut ethanolChnh iu ny, tr thnh gnh nng cho ngnh nng nghip. Bi l, trng trt khng p ngnhu cu lng thc, gi thnh ca cc loi lng thc c th s b ko ln cao theo th trng nhiliu.

2. u tng u tng c xem l mt trong nhng nguyn liu linh hot nht. u tng cn c s dnch to bt mu v mc. Trong khi ng ch to ethanol, u tng l nguyn liu chnh snxut diesel sinh hc. sn xut du diesel sinh hc t u tng, ngi ta cn lc ht du ca loht ny. Hm lng du trong u tng kh cao, khong 20% thnh phn ht. Du sau khi lc rac trn vi mt loi cht xc tc loi b glycerin, S du cn li c th s dng trc tip l

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nhin liu s dng cho ng c. Du diesel sinh hc cng sch hn so vi du diesel thng thngim thiu c vn khi bi v nh hng sc khe.

3. C

Cc nh sn xut s dng du c lm diesel sinh hc. Cy c c s dng trong nhiu lnh vTrong lnh vc thc phm, du c cng c nhiu ngi, c bit l M v phng Ty tiu dv hm lng m thp. Ngoi ra, du c cng c s dng nh mt loi nhin liu. Du c kt hvi diesel to ra nhin liu sinh hc c li cho mi trng do du c sinh ra cc hn hp hu c khi chy trong ng c, khng lm tng thm nng carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 c cy c hthu tr li trong chu k sinh trng, qua gip cn bng lng kh thot ra khi chy.

Tuy nhin, s dng du c cng c dn ti nhng h ly tim tng. Con ngi ph b cc khu rt nhin trng c khin mi trng sng ca nhiu loi ng thc vt b ph hy. Do i thch n l c non nn nhng ngi trng c sn bn chng khng thng tic. S lng i i v

th cng b st gim.

4. Du n

Bn bit y, du n khng ch dng trong un nu !

S dng du n lm nhin liu cng khng phi mt tng ti. Sau khi du n c s dngrn thc phm, axit bo alkyl este vn c gi li v c th chy mt s loi ng c. Bng cc b cc cht cn sau khi chin rn thc n, cc nh sn xut c th ch bin ra nhin liu sinh hcTheo bo co ca Vin ha hc Vit Nam, du thc vt thi qua ch bin c thnh phn phc

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ngoi du m cn cha nhiu tp cht nh mui, tp cht c hc, cn cacbon, nc, ng... Dotrc khi cracking (qu trnh phn ng ha hc nhm ph v chui hydrocacbon di thnh cchydro cacbon ngn), du thc vt thi cn c x l loi b tp cht.Kt qu thu c sau qu trcracking du thc vt thi l kh kh (cha ch yu cc kh H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C2H4), khha lng, v xng. Nhng sn phm ny hon ton c th s dng c v c cht lng tt.

5. Lc

Lc l mt trong nhng loi thc phm kh ph bin. N c th c thm vo cc mn bnh haymn n. Th nhng, lc cn c s dng vo qu trnh sn xut nhin liu. Nh thc vt hc ngM gc Phi ni ting Tin s George Washington Carver lit k mt danh sch ch ra hn ba trtc dng ca ht lc, trong phi k n tc dng lm nhin liu sinh hc. Tuy nhin cng ginnh ng, s dng lc lm nhin liu c nh hng ti vn lng thc thc phm khng .Trongkhi nhiu vng vn khan him lng thc, ngi ta li dng lc sn xut lm nhin liu.

Lc

Trn y, mi ch l mt s loi nguyn liu c s dng ch bin lm nhin liu sinh hc.GenK xin tip tc gii thiu ti bn c nhng nguyn liu khc cc phn tip theo.

Tham kho: howstuffworks

http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/biofuels/10-edible-biofuels.htm#page=3http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/biofuels/10-edible-biofuels.htm#page=3http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/biofuels/10-edible-biofuels.htm#page=3http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/biofuels/10-edible-biofuels.htm#page=3