10
fl npoluy sac no~opt~efime, KaK noeneTe B ne- ~ep6yp1, C K X H T e BCeM TBM BeJlbMOXaM Pa3HblM: CeHaTOpaM U aAMHpaJlaM, qTO, BOT: BaWe Cufl- TeflbCTBO HAH IlpeBOCXOIIHTeJlbCTBO, XUBeT B Ta- KOM-TO rOpOAe ne~p MB~HOBM~ ~O~YHHCMR ... Aa ecnu 3na~ n rocynaplo npunercfl, TO cKamure H rocyAaplo: B T~KOM-TO rOpoRe mneeT ne~p Maatrosn~~ 606qu~c~uil. H. B. fozo,ib. Peausop Bcex nwnefi MomHo pa3nenMTb Ha nee rpynnbl. O~HHM OT 3TMX CnOB XOWTCR RnaKaTb. ApyrMe - MJIM no- cMeIoTCH ( K O M ~ ~ M R BC~-T~KU), MnM nOXCMyT HeAOyMeHHO IlneYaMM (KOM~AUR, a He CM~UHO). HO IIOqeMy Xe JI.JlR ~ o ~ o , ' I R TaK BaXHO, YTO- 6b1 Mbl y3HaJIM 06 3TMX MHTeHUMRX ~ O ~ Y ~ . I H C K O ~ O M, MaBHOe, 0 HeM Ca- MOM, o nycToM, n C~IQHOCTU, qeno~e~e? Korna nOJIr0 npenapHp)'euIb MCTOPMY~CKU~~ MCTOqHI4K (AH~BHMKO- me 3an~c11, ~KTOB~I~~ MaTepnan, non~n~~~n) M cTapaeurbca cnenaTb ero npMrOAHbIM JI.JlR cepMaJIbH0fi MCTOPMA, 3arOHffR CBeneHMff B v a @ b 1 ~a6- nHU, rOTOBR MX JIJW 6a~~a AaHHbIX, TO CTaJlKMBaeUlbCfl C HapaCTalOl4MM conpoTuBneHMeM hlaTepMana. I.i Bnpyr nenaeurb orKpb1TMe, YTO nepen TO~OG - XCMBble JlIOAM, CO CBOMhlM CYAL~~MM, CBOMMK He~OBTOPMhtblhIll OCO~~HHOCTRMU - ~ O ~ ~ O ~ ~ T ~ ~ S I M U , nOpOKaMU U MaJleHbKMMH HeDOC- TaTKaMII. M TOrfla DHe3anHO B03HMKaeT YflMBMTeJlbHOe M H e 3 a 6 b l ~ a e ~ o e OUyweHue nepBoro muBoro KoHTaK-ra - nepen ~0606 peanb~b~fi qeno- BeK, M ~ e f i Y a ~ ITp0~30fi~e~ qTO-TO OqeHb BXKHOe. 3a~e~ npOAOIDKaeulb pa6ory, M B03HUKaeT MHOXeCTBO npo6ne~, CBR3aHHblX qaUe DCerO C oUeHK0fi pelTpe3eHTaTMBHOCTI.i MaTepAaJla ("H~T, BbI CKXKUTe, a CKOJIb- KO n P O U e H T O B OT 3~0fi B~I~OPKII W a J l M M n0CTYIIaJlM MMeHHO TaKMM o~P~~oM?"), C MeXaHW3MaMM reHepaJlU3aUUM ( K ~ K , nepefi~ K O~LU~M~, CoXPa~~~b M IIepenaTb UeHHOCTb ~HMK~~JI~HO~O/Y~CTHO~O M, C npyroR CTop~~b~, K a K 1.13 3~0fi YHMKaJbHOCTM MOXCHO ~006ue M3BJIe'Ib YTO-JIM- 064ee?). HO 3a BCeMM XJIOnOTaMM OCTaeTCR H e 3 a 6 b l ~ a e ~ b I M A3yMne- HMe OT nepBOrO KOHTaKTa. no 3npaBOMy pa3MbIUneHl~IO HenOHRTHO, qeMy ynMnnnerrrbcn 6onbme: CaMOMy JIK KOHTaKT)' HIIM c~0efi PeaKUMM Ha Hero. Benb, B C~IUHOCTM, TO 3necb ~e06blqafi~01-0 - pasne MCTOPMK He 3Hm sapa~ee, YTO 3a MCTOYHAKOM CTORT KOHKpeTHble nlonu? He ocMenMncR 6b1 nenaTb npenMeToM pe@ne~c~~ CBOM ~ MOUMM, ec- ~ L I OnblT MHOrOJIeTHerO 0 6 ~ e ~ n f l C MCTOPMKIMU, COCTIBMBUIMMM

n.n. - narod.ruist-bessmertie.narod.ru/uvarov-apocat.pdf · er0, KaK M nOHMMaHHe V)'Xofi AYUlM BO3MOXHO TOnbKO nyTeM COnepe- XMBaHHn MnM BXHBBHMX B HMX"~. B~YBCTBOB~HU~ (Einfuhlung),

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Page 1: n.n. - narod.ruist-bessmertie.narod.ru/uvarov-apocat.pdf · er0, KaK M nOHMMaHHe V)'Xofi AYUlM BO3MOXHO TOnbKO nyTeM COnepe- XMBaHHn MnM BXHBBHMX B HMX"~. B~YBCTBOB~HU~ (Einfuhlung),

f l n p o l u y sac n o ~ o p t ~ e f i m e , KaK n o e n e T e B ne- ~ e p 6 y p 1 , C K X H T e BCeM TBM BeJlbMOXaM Pa3HblM:

CeHaTOpaM U aAMHpaJlaM, qTO, BOT: B a W e Cufl-

TeflbCTBO HAH IlpeBOCXOIIHTeJlbCTBO, X U B e T B Ta-

KOM-TO rOpOAe n e ~ p M B ~ H O B M ~ ~ O ~ Y H H C M R ... Aa ecnu 3 n a ~ n rocynaplo n p u n e r c f l , TO c K a m u r e

H r o c y A a p l o : B T ~ K O M - T O r O p o R e m n e e T n e ~ p M a a t r o s n ~ ~ 6 0 6 q u ~ c ~ u i l .

H. B. fozo,ib. Peausop

Bcex nwnefi M o m H o p a 3 n e n M T b H a

nee r p y n n b l . O ~ H H M OT 3TMX CnOB XOWTCR RnaKaTb . A p y r M e - MJIM no- cMeIoTCH ( K O M ~ ~ M R B C ~ - T ~ K U ) , MnM nOXCMyT HeAOyMeHHO I lneYaMM

( K O M ~ A U R , a H e C M ~ U H O ) . HO I IOqeMy Xe JI.JlR ~ o ~ o , ' I R TaK BaXHO, YTO-

6b1 Mbl y3HaJIM 06 3TMX MHTeHUMRX ~ O ~ Y ~ . I H C K O ~ O M, M a B H O e , 0 H e M Ca-

MOM, o n y c T o M , n C~IQHOCTU, q e n o ~ e ~ e ? Korna n O J I r 0 npenapHp)'euIb M C T O P M Y ~ C K U ~ ~ MCTOqHI4K (AH~BHMKO-

m e 3an~c11, ~ K T O B ~ I ~ ~ M a T e p n a n , n o n ~ n ~ ~ ~ n ) M c T a p a e u r b c a c n e n a T b ero npMrOAHbIM JI.JlR cepMaJ IbH0f i MCTOPMA, 3arOHffR CBeneHMff B v a @ b 1 ~ a 6 - nHU, rOTOBR MX JIJW 6 a ~ ~ a AaHHbIX, TO CTaJlKMBaeUlbCfl C HapaCTalOl4MM c o n p o T u B n e H M e M h laTepMana . I.i B n p y r n e n a e u r b orKpb1TMe, YTO nepen T O ~ O G - XCMBble JlIOAM, CO CBOMhlM C Y A L ~ ~ M M , CBOMMK He~OBTOPMhtb lh I l l O C O ~ ~ H H O C T R M U - ~ O ~ ~ O ~ ~ T ~ ~ S I M U , nOpOKaMU U MaJleHbKMMH HeDOC-

TaTKaMII. M TOrfla D H e 3 a n H O B03HMKaeT YflMBMTeJlbHOe M H e 3 a 6 b l ~ a e ~ o e

O U y w e H u e n e p B o r o m u B o r o KoHTaK-ra - nepen ~ 0 6 0 6 p e a n b ~ b ~ f i qeno- BeK, M ~ e f i Y a ~ I T p 0 ~ 3 0 f i ~ e ~ qTO-TO O q e H b BXKHOe. 3 a ~ e ~ npOAOIDKaeulb

pa6ory, M B03HUKaeT MHOXeCTBO npo6ne~, CBR3aHHblX qaUe DCerO C

oUeHK0fi pelTpe3eHTaTMBHOCTI.i MaTepAaJ l a ("H~T, BbI CKXKUTe, a CKOJIb-

KO nPOUeHTOB OT 3~0fi B ~ I ~ O P K I I W a J l M M n0CTYIIaJlM MMeHHO TaKMM

o ~ P ~ ~ o M ? " ) , C MeXaHW3MaMM reHepaJlU3aUUM ( K ~ K , n e p e f i ~ K O ~ L U ~ M ~ ,

C o X P a ~ ~ ~ b M I I e p e n a T b UeHHOCTb ~ H M K ~ ~ J I ~ H O ~ O / Y ~ C T H O ~ O M, C npyroR C T o p ~ ~ b ~ , KaK 1.13 3~0fi YHMKaJbHOCTM MOXCHO ~ 0 0 6 u e M3BJIe'Ib YTO-JIM-

064ee?). HO 3a BCeMM XJIOnOTaMM OCTaeTCR H e 3 a 6 b l ~ a e ~ b I M A3yMne- HMe OT n e p B O r O KOHTaKTa. no 3npaBOMy p a 3 M b I U n e H l ~ I O HenOHRTHO,

qeMy y n M n n n e r r r b c n 6 o n b m e : CaMOMy JIK KOHTaKT)' HIIM c~0efi PeaKUMM

Ha H e r o . B e n b , B C~IUHOCTM, TO 3 n e c b ~ e 0 6 b l q a f i ~ 0 1 - 0 - pasne MCTOPMK

He 3 H m sapa~ee , YTO 3a MCTOYHAKOM CTORT KOHKpeTHble nlonu? He o c M e n M n c R 6 b 1 n e n a T b n p e n M e T o M p e @ n e ~ c ~ ~ CBOM ~ M O U M M , ec- ~ L I O n b l T MHOrOJIeTHerO 0 6 ~ e ~ n f l C MCTOPMKIMU, COCTIBMBUIMMM

Page 2: n.n. - narod.ruist-bessmertie.narod.ru/uvarov-apocat.pdf · er0, KaK M nOHMMaHHe V)'Xofi AYUlM BO3MOXHO TOnbKO nyTeM COnepe- XMBaHHn MnM BXHBBHMX B HMX"~. B~YBCTBOB~HU~ (Einfuhlung),

~BTOPCKHR KOHTHHRHT WIbMaHaxa "Kasycn, H e nonasan, TO HWTO

non06~0e ncnblTblBaIOT H e K O m p b i e ( o J J H ~ K ~ A ~ ~ K O H e ~ c e ) H3 MOMX K o n n e r Ha 3acena~nnx r a c T o MOXHO 6 b i n o y c n b l m b @ p a n : " 9 ~ 0 Mo-

X ~ T 6 b l ~ b L U ~ R YenoBeKa n H r e p e c H e e , q e M npymk qenoBeK9, nnn ~ e p - MHH: " O X W B ~ ~ H W ~ 6 y h l W ~ b 1 x Y e n o ~ e ~ ~ o ~ " , nnw neuapaqwm: l'Mon 3 ~ ~ a - Y B H ~ T ~ @pa~uysoe XVI BeKa BO ~JIOTW", a T o n K ~ H K AYUM OnHOrO I43 CaMblX YBaXaeMbIX H a U H x ylraCTHHKOB: "Aa BbI YTO, H e no- HnMaeTe , YTO nepen s a M n x n B b r e nun !" . M B OTBeT H a 3TOT "oxHBH- T e n b ~ b l R n a @ O c n - HeH3MeHHblk H p e 3 0 ~ ~ b l f i BOnpOC n p ~ r ~ f i 4aCTH

WaCTHHKOB: "A 3a'le~?". B b l T a c ~ l l e a ~ b H 3 H ~ ~ ~ ~ T H I I , ~ a T e p H m H 3 0 -

BblBaTb II ~ 0 0 6 4 a T b ne~ep6yp1-y H Mwpy o CylQecTBoBaHnH B HCTOPHM

n e ~ p a M B ~ H O B H Y ~ 6 0 6 s n ~ c ~ o r o M O X H o H name AOnXHO (C 3THM Te-

n e p b c o r n a c H b r nown B c e MOM ome ern), HO T o n b K o ecnn 3a ~ T H M CTO-

HT KaKaff-TO BHAHMIR HCCneAOBaTenbCKU u e n b . H a em n P H - M e p e PeKOHCTPYZiPOBaTb T H n MenKOIIOMeCTHOR3 ilpOBWHUWaJlbHOr0 nBOpRHMHa H H K O ~ ~ ~ B C K O # 3nOXH HnH MOXHO nOpaCCy>KAaTb 0 HOpMe

W OTKJIOHeHHH B nOBeneHHH nHYHOCTM B T)' Xe 3nOXy, H a xyA0f i KOHeU,

B K J I ~ ~ H T ~ n O n W e H H b l e AaHHbie B 0 6 ~ n p ~ o e npoconorpa@nqec~oe M c c n e n o s a H n e .

Ho ecnn xe nocnenylouei3 re~epanw3auwn H e n p o n c x o n w T , ecnn ycnnnx no p e n H K a p H a u n n n e ~ p a k i e a ~ o s n ~ a R ~ I O T C R C a M o u e n b m ,

eCnH HCTOPHK ~ Y A ~ T n H U b ~ a 6 n p a T b n o 6 o n b m e WH@OPM~UHM 0 K m -

n 0 M BCTPeqeHHOM HM n e p C O H a X e , TO n O A y Q I 0 3 0 # OKa3biBaeTCR CaM MeTOA MHKPOMCTOPHYeCKOrO, A a H BCRK0I-U AP)TOrO HCTOPHYeCKOrO

HCCnenOBaHHR. Tor~a nyl rUMM 0 6 p a 3 ~ 0 ~ HCTOPHKa MOXeT C'IH- TaTbCR T ~ A ~ @ O H H ~ H KHHTSI.

M TO pasro~op "cpenn CBOHX"; a K o r n a me npnxonmcrr s b r x o n w ~ b

H a 6onee mnpor<ym a y A n T o p n l o , n y c ~ b name coc~o~ruyro ws K o n n e r - n c -

TOPWKOB, H e B K Y C H B ~ ~ I X ewe nnona o ~ n p e ~ a M H K ~ O H C T O ~ H W , TO 3 ~ e c b

HenOyMeHMR 6 y n e ~ Kyna 6 0 n b U I e , H naXe B WlbMaHaXe "Ka3ycn YBHAHT

B n y l r u e M c n y l r a e K o M M e p q e c K o e npennpwrr~we, nonyn~pn3as~lo, no- TaKaHHe BKYCaM TOnnbl .

B o 3 p W a T b H a 3 T 0 MOXHOAOJIm H CO BKYCOM. C O C ~ ~ T ~ C R H a CeHca- U H O H H ~ I ~ ~ ycnex y n y 6 n n ~ n " l l e c ~ n o Bonre" Peso ra6pna~3e: C T a -

n n H r p a 4 c K a R ~ H T B ~ H a @ o ~ e T p a r e A n n MypaBbff , ~ o T e p m u e r o c B o e r o

MypaBbeHKa B 6 0 ~ 6 e x ~ e ! Y ~ a 3 a T b H a BO3pOXAeHne 6 f l o r p a @ H ~ e c ~ o r o X a H p a - KaK HOBOrO, o ~ o ~ ~ L L ( ~ H H o ~ o MeTOAOnOrHYeCKHMH HaxOn~aM&l

n o c n e n H n x neT, TaK H B n o n H e T P ~ M U H O H H O ~ O , n P o B e P ~ H H o r 0 BeKaMu. H ~ ~ O M H M T ~ 0 TaMHCTBeHHOM "MOPMOHCKOM ~ P O ~ K T ~ " , 0 KOTOPOM

BnOnrOnOCa c y n a q a T apXHBHble ~ ~ ~ O T H H K H BO BCeM MMpe ( 3 a Y e ~ 3 T 0

npennpHHMYMBb1M a M e p M K a H q a M M 3 UITaTa m ~ a n o H a 4 0 6 H n H c b

" ~ e p T B b 1 e nyLLIH" HaLLIHx ~ ~ ~ A K o B ? ) . M HaKOHeU, COCnaTbCR H a npo- CTpaHHym 6 ~ 6 n ~ o r p a @ ~ 1 0 BCeB03MOXHblX "Gechichte von untenn, "microstoria", "personal history". l l o c n e ~ ~ ~ k p R n a P W e H T o B , K ~ K

npaonno, o ~ a 3 b r u a e ~ c ~ p e m a w r q w M , s e n b n c ~ o p n o r p a @ w ~ e c ~ a ~ CHTY-

sum, n c ~ o p n o r p a @ n ~ e c ~ a ~ M o n a - TO TO, YTO M a r n Y e c K n A ~ ~ ~ C T B O -

~ a n o H a K o n n e r eue B c o s e T c m e BpeMeHa. M T ~ K , pa30qapo~a~ue B ~ o ~ ~ J I H c T c K W X Monens ix , n p u B n e K a T e n b -

H O C T ~ '"leno~eqec~oro W ~ M ~ P ~ H H R " , K o H e u B e n n m x meR n meono- mW, n o a n e ~ l r r n f i sa co6oR ~ e n d e x ~ o e MenKoTeMbe. Bce TO aepao, HO B AaHHOM Cny.rae HeAOCTaTOYHO. B e ~ b "KOMI~JI~KC ~ O ~ Y M H C K O ~ " ( H ~ ~ O B ~ M TaK 3TOT UIOK, B b l 3 B a ~ ~ b l f i OC03HaHWeM, YTO I lepeA ~o6ofi - msok I r e n o s e K , H poxaamuui4 c T p e M n e H n e K M a K c n M a n b H o n o n H o M y

BOCCTaHOBJIeHHlo STOR3 ' I e n ~ B e K a ) B 0 3 H H K m H Y MeHII, H Y MOWX KOn-

ner He3aBnCHMO OT 3HaKOMCTBa C TpYAaMH Kapno rki~s6)'pra n, B03-

MOXHO, 66111 C B O ~ ~ C T B ~ H HaUMM Ilp~AUIeCTBeHHIlKaM 3aAOnrO no MWK-

ponc-ropnqecicnx n a p a a w r M .

B e c b ~ a n O y q H T e n b H 0 0 6 p a T H T b ~ f f K IIOHCKIM, KOTOPble Ben B 3TOM

H a n p a B n e H H H CTOnb l r ~ k f ~ b l f i HbIHe n.n. K ~ ~ c ~ B u H . B MOHOTPI@HM

"OCHOB~I C P ~ A H ~ B ~ K O B O # penHrH03HOCTH B XII-XIII B e K m n p e U M y -

WeCTBeHHO B MT~J'IHH" (1915) OH AeKJIaPHPYeT CBOlo 3 W a Y y "BbUle-

nHTb, a 3aTeM H3)"4HTb 065em penWrH03HOCTH B XII-XIII BB. OH OCTB-

HeTCR B B e p e 3a BbIYeTOM ee OKaMeHeBlrrHX @ O P M Y ~ , C OAHO# CTOPOHbI,

3a BblqeTOM pe3YnbTaTOB YHCTO ~ O T O C ~ O B C K O ~ pa60Tbl Ha i l He lo , CLIP)'-

r0# ... n p H 3TOM M3)"4eHMlo IlO,&JleXMT H e penHrU03HOCTb TOT0 H n l l

H H O m llpeACTaBHTenR H ~ ~ B ~ H H O ~ I 3nOXU, BenHKOrO HnM M U O r O , a pe- nHrH03HOCTb LLIWPOKMX KpyrOB, KOTOPaR IlpORBJlHeTCR W B B e n H m X , H

B ~ a J l b l ~ " I . %O niUI0 BOJMOXHOCTb mBOPMTb 0 eNl nPMOPMTeTe B M3YqeHHW

" M ~ H T ~ J I ~ H O C T H " ~ . K O H ~ ~ H O , B W e T b B HeM nPOB03BeCTHHKa UKOJlbl

"AHH~JIOB" H COpaTHHKa M a p ~ a 6 n 0 K a H e 6onee O ~ O C H O B ~ H H O , YeM B Cn)"4ae C TBOPYeCTBOM B ~ H C T ~ K ~ H T O ~ O B H Y ~ ~ , - CnHllrKOM pX3JIW'IHblMli

6 b i n n MeTOflOnOrHYeCKHe H MHPOB033~)DleCKMe YCTIHOBIUI. OAH~KO OpHeHTauKH H a H3)"4eHHe KOMeKTHBHbIX penHTH03HblX n p e ~ . ~ ~ a m e ~ H f i

BnOnHe OYeBWlHa. %OM)' Xe cnoco6crsye~ BBeAeHHOe K ~ ~ C ~ B M H ~ I M no- HRTIle " C ~ ~ A H I I ~ ~ Y ~ ~ o B ~ K " , ~epeKJIMKaloI4eeCR C " H n e i U I b ~ b l ~ H TMna- MU" Be6epa. n l o 6 0 I l b i ~ ~ b l f i llapa@pa3 MOAHOMY HblHe " W ~ K n l o Y ~ ~ e n b -

H O W H O P M ~ ~ H O M Y " MOXHO H&TH B KaPCaBHHCKOM nOHIITUM " T H ~ H Y ~ - ~mfi 'len0BeK". CK)AI OTHOCRTCR BbIJlaloIUHeCR nMqHOCTW, KOTOPble

OKa3blBaloTCII 0~060 nOne3HblMH H Y ~ ~ O ~ H ~ I M M NIR n03HaHMII CpeAHerO.

"B HMX ~a n n ~ H H ~ H Y e p T a n o c T n r a e T s b r c l l r e r o H a n p m e H m n P ~ ~ B H T ~ ,

a CJlenOBaTenbHO - H H ~ ~ ~ H A H o c T M " . ~ O A O ~ H O ~ 3aMeYaHHe IIOBTOpRnOCb

M IIOBTOPReTCII CTOPOHHWKIMW MHKPOHCTOPHYeCKMX nOAXOLlOB - HO Tpy-

n H 0 H e 3aMeTHTb, YTO H B AaHHOM Cnylrae n e B TOHOB HOB MY OTHloAb H e

CKnOHeH yBJleKaTbCR YHMKmbHOCTblo Ybefi 6b1 TO HM 6 b ~ 1 0 JIHYHOCTH.

y R H H R " e c ~ b H HeKOTOPble TOnbKO eMy n p H C m H e Y e w . HO OHH HaC H e 3aHHMaloT H H e BXO.IIJIT B 0 6 n a ~ T b HaUIerO H ~ ) " ~ ~ H H R " ~ . M KaK 6b1 HM

OUeHMBaTb B3~JlRAbI H MeTOAbI er0 B TOT IIepHOn, e M y BnOnHe MOXHO ne- P e w p e C o B a T b T e YnpeKM B O ~ ~ ~ ~ M ~ ~ H H O C T H , KOTOpbIe 6pocam~ C ~ R Y ~ C He TOnbKO COIlHiUIbHblM HCTOPHKIM, HO H WCTOPMKaM M ~ H T ~ ~ ~ H O C T ~ # .

Page 3: n.n. - narod.ruist-bessmertie.narod.ru/uvarov-apocat.pdf · er0, KaK M nOHMMaHHe V)'Xofi AYUlM BO3MOXHO TOnbKO nyTeM COnepe- XMBaHHn MnM BXHBBHMX B HMX"~. B~YBCTBOB~HU~ (Einfuhlung),

?pornno B c e r o n n r b ner (HO KPKMX ne~!), w 80 " B n e n e ~ H M * M C ~ O -

P M m HBnXBrneMCX, no 3 a M b l c n y a a T o p a , p y r < o ~ o n c ~ ~ o ~ DX HaqMHa- mqero MCTOPHKa, aKUeHTbI yxe p a c c T a ~ n e ~ b 1 MHaqe . K a p c a B M H ~e OT- Ka3bIBa:TcR OT CBOHX ~ ~ O ~ H M ~ I X A e T M u - OT "cpen~ero q e n O B e K a sno- X M " M TMnMqeCKOrO q e n ~ ~ e ~ a " , HO OHM 3aHMMamT B era HO*" cMcTeMe n o n o x e H M e XBHblX a y T ~ a f i ~ e p o B . 0 ~ u x ynOMXHyT0 6 y ~ ~ W b - H0 Ha n O c n e n H M x CTPaHMUaX 3 ~ 0 h 6 p 0 m I O p b 1 M rOBOpMTCX B C K O A ~ ~ ~ ,

~ Y X O G O T C ~ I ~ K O # K K H H r e 1915 r. A B ~ O ~ a n e p B y m O q e p e A b 3 a H H M a e T MbICnb COBCeM MHOrO pons:

' M C T ~ P M X Msf l aeT eAMHM' l~b1f i ITpOUeCC PlJBMTHX BO B ~ e f l t!I-0 KOH- KPeTHOCTH W ~ A M H H ~ H o c T M H e KaK 3 K 3 e M n J W p pa3BHTMX p O n O B O r 0 M H e

KaK ~ o f l ~ ~ o f i MnM o 6 u ~ f i npOUeCC, ~ ~ O X B J ~ X H > ~ H ~ ~ C X B qaCTHbIX M XU- ~ X K ) U I M ~ ~ C X m X HHX " ~ ~ K O H O M " ... 0 6 % ~ ~ MCTOpMqeCKOrO HCCneAOBa-

H U H B c e r n a n p e n c T a B n X e T ~06010 H e K o T o p o e o p r a H u q e c K o e enMHcTBo

KaK T a K o n o e , OTnMqHoe OT O K p y x a w u e r o n B C B O ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ U H c B o e M He- 3aMeHMMOe - HenOBTOPMMO ~ e ~ ~ b 1 f i MOMeHT P ~ ~ B U T H R , ~ .

M H ~ I M M CnOBaMM, r -H ~ O ~ ~ M H C K M ~ M O r 6 b 1 6 b 1 ~ b U e H e H &JIX n b ~ a H n a ~ o ~ o n ~ q a c a M no ce6e, a B o B c e H e KaK qacTH61fi cnyqah n e f i c ~ n ~ n m 0 6 W l b ~ b l x 3aKOHOB M H e KaK 0 6 ' b e ~ ~ m X r e H e p a H 3 a U M M . b0nee TO-

r0, H a q M H a l o u I e M y MCTOPMKy TaK n p X M O U PeKOMeHnyeTCX 3aHXTbCR M3YqeHMeM T I ~ ~ H er0 n)WJM B n e p B y I O O q e p e n b : " ... ~ ~ ~ A M ~ T O M MCTOPMM

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Tonc~oro, BJlaki~kipa C o J l o B b e B a ; KaK K POnHOMy, K H e M y OTHeCnkiCb

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C m e H O 6 b m o BOCKPeCHYTb H e n O n n e p 0 M MCTOPMKa, H e B KOHUe Bpe -

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J Ho an^ H a c B a x H o npyroe. Q ) e n o p o ~ H e n p o c T o B c e M y pony Y e n o n e -

q e c K o M y cynwn o s n a e H u e n p o @ e c c l . r e k HcTopMKa. OH H c a M 6b1n "n3

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I I p M H q M I I y e X e A H e B H O r 0 I IOMMHOB~HMR" . OH I I p O n a r a H A M p O B U

cyxylo H a y K y 6w6n~orpa@~lo H a p x n B o R e n e H n e : " B e ~ b YTO T a K o e H a

nene 6 w 6 n ~ o r p a @ ~ f l : B cnyqae cMepTM awopa H a KHHW AOJIXHO CMOT-

p e T b KaK H a OCTaHKH, OT COXpaHeHHfl KOHX KaK ~ ~ I ~ ~ B H C H T CaMOe B03-

B p a U e H M e K XM3HM SIBTOPI ... ~ P ~ A C T ~ B ~ T ~ ce6e, YTO BCTWIH M3 rp060~ TBOpqbI , M ~ m b l f i H 3 HHX, Y K a 3 b l B M H a CBOe COYHHeHHe, KaK 661 A e -

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AOBaHHlo ... E c n ~ XpaHMJIMUe K H H r C p a B H H T b C MO~MJIOlo , TO YTeHHe ,

HAM, TOYHee - MCCJIeAOBaHHe, 6 y A e ~ BbIXOAOM H 3 MOrUJlbI, a BbICTaB-

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~ e n o . & X o A H ~ M f i JlJ'Ifl T o r 0 MOMeHT. Bce 3 T 0 H e c l l Y Y a f i ~ 0 . B e ~ b H e I I e H b - Ky, H e BOPBaHb , a UMeHHO MepTBble AyI l lH C K y n a e T HYHKOB. T O ~ X ~ C T - BeHHO O H H 3 B n e K a e T HX H a CBeT 6ox~f i U 3 ~ ~ B ~ T H O # UKaTyJIKU: a K o r -

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PR, n e n c ~ ~ o ~ a ~ ~ l e r o B Y c n o B n R x , K o r n a ero H a s a m n e H M R p a c c M a T p n n a -

nMCb BCeMM no KnaCCy 3CTeTMKH M @ ~ H T ~ ~ M H " ~ ~ . M n0 KnaCCy MCTO-

PMH - A O ~ ~ B M M MbI pro domo SUO. B n p o ~ e ~ , H e n b 3 H Xe BO BCeM BepWTb

Tepuy! TO, M O X e T 661~6, XIX BeK 3 a 6 b m 0 CBR3M CnOBa, J IMTePaTypbI W

MCTOPWM C M B T W ~ ~ , a XX BeK 0 Hef i O Y e H b n a X e BCnOMHMA. HO H e C n O -

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I Kapcaeun 1.n. Oc~oebr cpenHeeeKo- eoii pennrnosHocTn B XII-XI11 6eKa.X npeMMylUeCTBeHH0 B MtaJtnn. C n 6 . , 1915. C . 6.

2 CM., HanpnMep: flcmpe6uyrca~ A.J. Mc- ~ o p n ~ - ~ e n n e e n c ~ n e e n n a ~ o ~ o e n q K a p c a s n ~ (1882-1952). M., 1991.

3 3 ~ c m 0.1 Heuuu jle B n a y c coepe- MeHHOCTbK). "Munepa~op @pnnpnx 11" BpHCTa K ~ H T O ~ O B U ~ ~ B nonnTnqe- CKOA IIOneMHKe BpeMeH B e i i ~ a p c ~ o i i pecny6nn~n // Onncceii, 1996. M., 1997. Kapcaeun 1.n. 0 c ~ o e t . 1 ... C. 12- 13.

5 Kapcasun 1.n. Beene~ne B UCTOPHIO (~eopnn nc~opnn) . nc, 1920. C . 33- 34.

6 T a ~ x e . C. 15. Tau me. C. 26.

8 Guywulu n. M. Oqepm teopnn ncTopn- r e c ~ o i i Haym. npara, 1925.

9 OH ccunancn npn TOM Ha nepeeon m n p o ~ o n 3 ~ e c ~ ~ o i i K H H ~ H : 1anz- Bya N., Cenbo6oc 3. Bsene~ne B N3Y- seHne HCTOPHH. Cn6. , 1899.

lo Kapcaeun 1.n. Bsene~ne B ncTopnK). .. C . 25.

T ~ M me. C. 16. 12 Knpcasun 1.17. @nnoco@nn ncTopnn.

Cn6. , 1993. C. 65.

13 T ~ K , apxeonorn, 3a pensaiilunM nc- WIKNCHHeM, HNKOrna He flPH3HaIOTCfl B ceonx ~ o ~ o r p a @ n n x B TOM, 'ITO oHn oqeHb n d n ~ e 3 a n ~ b B 3 ~ c n e n n u n ~ .

14 Kapcaeun J.n. B~eneHne B nc-ropn ro... C. 29.

15 Kaocasun 1.n. Qnnoco@nn ncTopnn. ~ . ' 1 1 7 - 1 1 6 .

16 Kuccem M.A. P.nx. Konnn~lrsyn - WCTOPHK H @ W ~ O C O @ // KonnnHr- eyn P .nx . m e n ncTopnn. M. , 1980. 6 . 4 2 4 .

l7 Kapcaeun 1.n. B s e n e ~ n e B nc~Opn 0..

C. 10. 18 T ~ M me. C. 26. I 9 T ~ M me. 20 Kapcaeun 1.H. n x n o p n a ~ o I j p y ~ o .

6epnnH, 1923. K ~ n r a 6b1na HanncaHa 3HaYWTenbHO paHbWe H nOnXHa 6bma neraTaTbcfl B ne~porpme, HO B~UIBO- petlne aeTopa Ha " @ n n o c o @ c ~ o ~ na- poxone" 1922 r. cnenano ee rc3na~ne B

POCCW ti HeB03MOXHblM. 21 O c ~ a e ~ c n , npasna, Haaewa, 'ITO KO-

ma-nn6o nepeeenyr c nnToscKom ero np0CTpaHHblfi KypC "MCTopnn eBp0- nei ic~oii ~ y n b ~ y p b ~ " , HO, no ~ c e i i se- PORTHOCTW, H OH OTHOCHTCn CKOpee K

nCT~ptf~C~@nn, YeM K K O H K P ~ T H O ~ ~ ncropnn.

Page 10: n.n. - narod.ruist-bessmertie.narod.ru/uvarov-apocat.pdf · er0, KaK M nOHMMaHHe V)'Xofi AYUlM BO3MOXHO TOnbKO nyTeM COnepe- XMBaHHn MnM BXHBBHMX B HMX"~. B~YBCTBOB~HU~ (Einfuhlung),

3 2 + M H ~ R MCTOPMR O HeB03MOXHOCTH

22 Kapcasu~ 1.17. Saligia, HnH Becb~a j0 Kapcasu~ 1.17. Cer~ble o~qbi . .. MHKP0BCTOPI.II.I ~ p a ~ ~ o e H nyurenone3~oe pa.3~~1lure- C. 138. tine o Gore, Mnpe, qenoselce, 3ne H ce- 31 Telinp de Urapde~ 17. O ~ H O M ~ H qenose- MH CMePTHblX rpeXaX. ns , 1919; OH ~ a . M., 1987. C. 210. xe. Noctes pet ropolitanae. Ilc, 1922. 3Z T ~ M me. C. 208.

23 60iry08 M.A. He no ~0Hlla3a6bltblfi Me- 33 &dOpos H . 0 . CO'~HH~HHR. M., 1982. nneencr ~3 ~ ~ O X H P~CCKOCO ~onep- C. 8 1. n p n ~ e r a ~ e n b ~ o , VTO mn 60pb- Ha // Kapcasn~ Jl.ll. M o ~ a u ~ e c ~ e o e 6bl c nueek npoIpecca Oeuopos ccbl- cpen~ne s e a . M., 1992. C. 14. nae~cn ~a P e ~ a ~ a H name ~a Orloma

24 Kapcosu~ 1.17. Bsene~ne B HCTO~HIO. . . KOHT~. c. 33. Ce~e~oeo C. Hn~onafi Qenopoe: mop-

25 T ~ M xe. qecreo X H ~ H H . M., 1990. C. 151-152. 26 Kapcaeun 1 . n . noma o cklepm. Kay- 3sTau me. C. 65-66.

~ a c , 1932. C. 15. j6 CUHR~CKUI~ A&. (A6pm Zpy). B TeHn 27 T ~ M me. C. 24. roronn // Co6p. coy. M., 1992. T. 2. 28 Kapcoeu~ 1.17. Csn~ue O T U ~ I H ynre- C. 290-291. Cu. no~a3a~ena~oe mn

nn ueplten: Pac~pmne npaeocnaenn e H ~ C ~ a 3 ~ a ~ n e nocneu~eil mam: HX TBOP~HHRX. M., 1994. C. 138-140. " M e p s ~ e eoc~pecalcrr. Bnepen - K

29 1occ~uli B.H. Aomarnqec~oe 6 o m e HCTOK~M!". ane // Oqep~ MHcrHqeCKOTD 6 0 m o s m j7 Makine A. Le Testament Fran~ais. R, Bocro~~ofi uepmu. M., 1991. C. 286. 1995. l? 168-169, 251.

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