No Ordung Eng

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HERMAN POTONIK NOORDUNG

THE PROBLEM OFSPACE TRAVEL

THE ROCKET MOTOR


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THE PROBLEM OFSPACE T RAVEL

THE ROCKET MOTOR


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THE PROBLEM

OF SPACE TRAVELTHE ROCKET MOTOR

1 9 2 9

Herman Potonik Noordung

The Problem o Space Travel: The Rocket MotorDl o o l lo, Dmb 2010

Ol: Hm Noo, D Poblm B Wlm - R-

Moo, R Cl Sm & Co., Bl W62, 1929

F o o l lo: Hm Noo, E Sl, J. D. Hl,

J Gl; T Poblm o Sp Tl: T Ro Moo, NASA SP-4026,

NASA Ho O, Wo D.C., 1995

Pbl: Cll C o Eop Sp Tolo (KSEVT)

Tol 50, 1000 Ljblj, Slo, ..

Fo KSEVT: So Fj, M T, D o

Eo: N Boo

D: Bo Bl, M T, Dj Zp

Poo: Ro Poj, I Po

Tlo: Ro Poj, Aj Al

L: p://.oo.o/NooE.p

T o l C Commo Abo-NoComml-NoD 3.0Upo L. To op o l, p://ommo.o/l/b--/3.0/ o l o C Commo, 171 So S, S 300, S Fo, Clo,94105, USA.

CIP - Klo zp o pbljNo z j, Ljblj

629.76/.78:001.5(0.034.2)629.78(497.4):929Poo H.(0.034.2)929Poo H.(0.034.2)

POTONIK, Hm, 1892-1929T poblm o p l [Elo ] : o

moo / Hm Poo Noo ; [lo Ro Poj,Aj Al]. - Dl . - El. j. - Ljblj : KSEVT, 2010

N oop (URL): p://.oo.o/NooE.p. -Po l: D Poblm B Wlm

ISBN 978-961-92999-3-7

254087168


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S D Nm D 162Ulm Vbl 163Wo H 163D Sp So 168T Sol Po Pl 170Sppl L 172Sppl A H 173

W Sppl 175Lo D Commo 175M o Cooll Sp So 176Po Sp So o T E 178T Hb Wl 180T Obo M Room 190Po o Lo D Commo S 193Po Sp So o To E 194T Sp S 195T Tp o Sp So 197Spl Pl Expm 200Tlop o Eomo Sz 201Ob R E S 202Explo S 203A G Flo Mo 204

T Mo Dl Wpo 205To D Cll Bo 207T Tolo o Sp Tl 209L om E S 213T Sp So B o Tl o Dp Sp 214T Abl o Nbo Pl 215D Wol 217Wll I E b Pobl o R Fx S? 222T Exp Co o Dlopm o Sp Tl 225

Fl Rm 229

Contents

Foo b T. N. Zl 9Foo b F I. O III, Ro D. L, J.D. Hl 41

T Po o G 47T Pl Gol Bo o E 50F Ob 52M Gol Fl o O Sp 55

T Amo B o E Amop 56T H Al R o D 57T Co So o O Sp 58T R Fo 59T Ro Vl 63T Ro 65Po R A Poblm o Sp Fl 66T Tl Vlo E o Ro Vl 68T A 76Gl Comm Abo S o Sp Ro 85Popol To D 95Comm R Po D Popol 109T R o E 112Hom L M 116L Fo Cl Moo 119

L B Ellp 122Ob L M 124T Rl To D 125To O Impo Qo 126T Sp Ro Il Tjo 126T Sp Ro Apl 130T Sp So Emp Sp 138T N o G Ho b I 142T E o Wl o Hm Om 147T Pl Bo o Obj G M 149Wo A 160Ppl Sl Pl Emp Sp 161


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Tanja N. Zhelnina is an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences. She works at The Kon-

stantin E. Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics in Kaluga (Russian Fed-

eration), where she mostly deals with researching the work of Tsiolkovsky and preserving his

legacy. Among other things, she cooperated with the German space technology pioneer Her-

mann Oberth. She is also a leading curator of the history of astronautics in the Hermann Oberth

Space Travel Museum in Feucht (Federal Republic of Germany). In her research of the history

of cosmonautics she studied Herman Potonik Noordung and his inuence on German and Rus-

sian science and technology community in the 1930s.

Foreword I.

T. N. Zl

I 1929, m o Hm Noo, o o boo TheProblem o Space Travel: The Rocket Motor1, pbl Bl, o o boo o omo l o ll .T boo l l pobl o oom lm o olol, ooml, o

ml bolol obl lopm o omo.B ol mll mb o m Gmm Noo ll pom o Hm Poo, o o Slo .

H bo o Dmb 22, 1892, o Pol, o p o A-H (o Pl, Rpbl o Co), ml o l ml o. H bo o mo ol. H mo l lo o l mo o p Mbo, Hm lmool o. L, o lo ml ool F ml ool M W (o H,Cz Rpbl, .). I 1910, l lml m Ml, V. H m 1913 l oo o l b.

A m, Poo o o o

l. D m o F Wol W, l m o Sb, Bo Gl. Foml o ( bo blo), 1919 o p.

I 1918, o F Wol W, Poo o o oll o Tl I V, plz ll . I 1925, llp ol xmo o (o o , .). B oll o

1 Noordung, Hermann, D Poblm B Wlm. D R-Moo, R

Cl Sm & Co, Bl 1929.


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l, p m o o o A 27, 1929, o 36, Poo p . H b l m V. Uol, bm lo o po m.2

T ll o bo b o Poo omo. H obol l ol l o o omm popl m l. H ox l mmb o So o Sp Tl(V Rm), bl 1927 b Gm

, bl o p l. T o m l o pbl, b bbol lll o m .3 I pp o bl o V S So o H Al R(Wl Gll Ho), bl 1926 b Fz o Ho. I p o, Poo l mpo o mpz pl bo

2 T bopl om ollo pblo: Sykora, Fritz, Po

Rm , : Bl T, H 22, T Mm

I Gb W, Fo T, W 1960,

p. 189-206. H p. 198-199 ( pbl po o H. Poo). Braun von, Wernher,

Ordway III Frederick I., Ho o Ro & Sp Tl, N Yo 1966, p. 202. Po

Fl: Hm Poo, : Z Fl (ZFW), O

D Gll L- Rm . V. D Gll

Fl . V., Mz 1968, H 3, p. 463-464. E W o Rmpo, : mz Ml,

1976, N. 1, p. 10-11. Ruppe, Harry O., Noo: D M W, : Ao, 1976,

H 3, p. 81-83. Buedeler, Wernher, G Rm, Kzl-Tll-Sb-

Slzb 1979. H. J. H. E ... Hpm Poo-Noo. S

Wlm-Vo z, : Sol T, 1980, H 7, p. 396. Komo

Elop. C . V. P. Glo. M., So Elop, 1985, p. 269. V B. S.

Hm Poo-Noo - " Po Rm", : Ao,

1987, H 4, p. 111-112.

3 Ley, Willy, Ro, Ml Sp Tl, T V P, N Yo 1957. P. 369.

. . . .,

, 1961. P. 311.

Gm omol . H o pomNoo, obol m om Gm o No(No), ppo o o lol o l, om o o A. I lo l plbl Poo o m o p m ol o l m. T o pobl o . Pp o o po o ompo ll o p mpz boo b l o o. Mb, o, ol

o ol om .I , Poo p l o l boo

l poblm o oq xp o p. H ll omm o o ol pblo o boo b ol mo.

T boo pbl b mo po Blpbl o R Cl Sm & Co, plz pbl l o o, omobl l , l ll . T pbl o obol p p m pbl o l ol o moolo o . Hm Poo Noo boo op. I ml o 1928, T Bl o Foml . T o Gm poplz o omo, WllL, m lo-l o b o oppo4 o o-po p ,

1924, o p o pblo, Gm. I oo o o, oo o omo pp b o olo o bommo j o. Po o omobl, pob po o p b Fz o Opl, Mx Vl F S Apl M o 1928, m o mp o m o ll po m opoo. T o Fz Sm o l qpp o po o, o o o lom l (oml), pom o J 11, 1928, o o ppo

4 Ley, Willy, Voo Wlll. R Rm, Vl. m.b.H., W 1949, p. 130.

Foreword I. Foreword I.


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1312

o o-po o .W pbl Poo mp o boo,

oo o o b l ol op. T bpomoo o boo: olo l o o om5 pbl pl. B , Jl, Oob Nomb1928, bo boo o, l Gm mzpbl bo , o o o o. 6 IJ 1929, mz Die Rakete, op pbl o l .7

I obo o poblm l o Pooboo, om b oo p. Fom Jll Spmb 1929, pbl b om Am mz Science Wonder Stories.8 I o op l Gm l o El. Sx l, pbl pl boo R lo,l The Problem o Traveling in the Expanses o Space.9 Ul ,So bl o omo o H. Poo Noo pblo o ll-o p l poplz, Y. I.Plm N. A. R.10

5 Sob : Hm Noo. D Poblm B Wlm... E

ll Dll Z M, [Wbpop m

m Bllzl], 1928, p. 1-8.

6 D Poblm B Wlm. Vo Hm. Noo, : D S,

1928, H 7, p. 104-106. [Winkler, Johannes, D Poblm B Wlm,Bbp], : D R, 15.10.1928, p. 158. Schlr, Dr., D Poblm B

Wlm, [Bbp], : D Um, 24.11.1928, H 48, p. 986.

7 Pobpl Noo: D Poblm B Wlm, : D R,

15.01.1929, p. 7-9

8 Noordung, Hermann, T Poblm o Sp Fl, : S Wo So, Jl 1929, Vol. 1,

No 2, P. 170-180; A 1929, Vol. 1, No 3, P. 264-272; Spmb 1929, Vol. 1, No 4, P. 361-368.

9 . . .-., ,

, 1935.

10 .. . .

. ., , 1929. P. 100, 186. ..

. . 7- . ., 1932. P. 89.

All o po Poo boo mml bm o p o o o omo l, l lop o 1920. I lo p o o o bom l o l o o bl p oq.

A om omo o bo o o o , ll, om po ollo ol boo pbl,11 ompo ll oo o poblm o p l,

bl o m b o o bmo ompo .

I ll , x-o p o Poo boo bo pol boo l b H. Ob, MxVl, W. Hom F. o Ho.12 (H mo ll o mo o o R. Go13 K. E. Tolo,14 o

.. . 5-. . ., 1929.

P. 63; .. . 9-. .

. ., 1932. P. 129.

11 Lademann, Robert E., D Poblm B Wlm, [Bbp],

: Z Fl Mool, 1929, 1. Apl, p. 174.

12 Oberth, Hermann, D R z Plm, Vl o R. Olbo, M

Bl 1923. Valier, Max, D Voo Wlm - E Ml?

E l ml B, D Vl R. Olbo,

M Bl 1924. Hohmann, Walter, D Eb Hmmlp.U b Rmpoblm, D Vl R. Olbo, M

Bl 1925. Hoet, Franz von, D Eob Wlll, : D R, 15.03.1928, p.

36-42.

13 Goddard, Robert, A Mo o R Exm Al, Smo Mllo

Collo, Vol. 71, o. 2, Wo Dmb 1919, p. 337-406.

14 .. . ., . ..

, 1895. ..

// . 1903. 5. P. 45-75. ..

// . 1910. 2. P. 110-

113. .. .

"" // .1911. 19. P. 16-21. 20. P. 29-32.



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ml po mo m ool o o bo p l.)

The Problem o Space Travel: The Rocket Motor om oo o ol po, ompoo m o ml, ll Poo ll xp o l poblm oomo.

H oq o o o o, om m o o m o o oz bl

m poblm o oq p o b ol, om p. Poo xpl o poblm pl o, b lo o , ll oo o. H x o x o l m, ol pp o, lo o. T boo o ol o poblmo p l, b lo obo ol lm. T ol o xmpl o xboo lo omo, xboo plbl o o bom poblm o p l o mol b o xpl o ml llpobl o l E o . T boo lo mm o ozo o l p opopl l m, bo pl o o o ll bo, l o om

21-22. P. 31-37. 1912. 2. P. 2-7. 3. P. 15-16. 5. P. 2-5. 6-7. P. 6-9. 9. P. 7-11.

.. ( 1-

2- ). , . , 1914. ..

// . 1918. 2. P. 23-24. 3. P. 44-46. 4. P. 62-64. 5. P. 78-80.

6. P. 94-96. 7. P. 107-108. 8. P. 124-126. 9. P. 138-143. 10. P. 154-158. 11. P. 171-176.

12. P. 187-189. 13. P. 204-207. 14. P. 216-217. .. . , .

, 1920. ..

. , 1924. ..

( 1903 1911 .

). , 1926. .. .

. , . , 1927.

E ob, pobl o om o moo p poblm o ll l. O llo, Poo qpp boo, ob o mo ppo o b . A o, q ql o llo ( olo llo l bo p) Poo boo ll b ml pblo m.

T l o ml boo pblo o qo

obl o popl o l opl omo. W o l o m. T W o B, l o o poj o bl lo- bll ml ol, A4 (V-2). T mbloo pl Gm, om ml o 1930 o m 1940.H lo l poj o bl Am o S V, bl l o popl o Moo. T o Ml Kl Too, oo o So b l o, l o A 17, 1933, l o 400 m ( qml). H ol o o o l ll ol. Moo, o oS Plo Koolo, l oo o So o. T o bl po mo USSR l o omo o o

(1957 - 1967).I o, W o B l l o Poo

boo lo l bblop. 15 M. K. Too R lo o boo, ll . T pob mb o o o p. No, o oPoo boo om pol lb o M. K. Too p

15 Braun von, W, Ko, o xpmll B z m Poblm

Fl. Do z El W D. pl. F-

Wllm-U z Bl. Vol m 16. Apl 1934 o W F o B

Bl, : R Rmo, So 1, b o

D Gll R Rm .V., 1964, p. 1-48. Here p. 48.



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1 716

o K. E. Tolo S Mm o Ho oComo.16

B ol b o lm ol m o Pooboo ol o ol pol. A l o oomp o o o po ompompz Poo xp, qobo o lopm o ol omo. T lm po omo o oq o o o pl. T o po

o omo m ol o b o xpo o m oo p, l o o llbo bl olo om E. Poo, l b p, o p olo ompll o oo o o o pl. Ro o, ol bl lo E lmo om lo mlol o E ob, ol ob o pl l o o o oo Pool o b oq lopm o omo. Nobobo m oo o ll pl.

Poo ll o p pl o o o o.H ml opo o H. Ob F. o Ho,o, l M. Vl, bl p l ll o lopo poo o moo oo x pl, bo bl pl o o oo m,

o p l lo p.Poo b o o o E ob

l, , L p , pl o. 17 Tp o boo p m o o o, o o o o o om p. I o Poo unique contribution o lopm o oo o p o, m b o o.

Ul 1929, o p o lop o o ll: o

16 A o K. E. Tolo S Mm o Ho o Como. -III-2534.

17 Ley, Willy, D F Wlll, Vl Hm & Tl, Lpz 1929 (2. A.), p. 69.

ll o o o ll o ol .T m o ll: p om

Am o Boo m E E Hl, o pbl o l The Brick Moon o o mz Atl ant icMonthly, b Oob Dmb o 1869 Fb 1870; F o Jl V, o pbl ol The Begums Fortune 1879; mm KLz, om Gm o o Go, o ol Two Planets p 1897.18

T o o E. E. Hl ompll o p o,T B Moo, ollo p, 61 m m, m om poo ml m o b.To oo ml o bo, o l o ob o l o 6500 m (4 ml) o o ql-p l ppo o l E ll, ol bo o ll .19

T o o b E. E. Hl bm o oll o orbital o o E ob, o, op o, l ll o o pl.

T oo o J. V K. Lz ompll o , b ll o po om o p. Fo ,J. V lm o o m o lo q o l o , E ll: T , l lo m o o

o o o 10 o 20

p o, llo E! T lo, o E , ll o ool ob E.21

18 Lasswitz, Kurd, A z Pl (1897). F/M 1969

19 T po o E. E. Hl' p o om: Braun von, Wernher, Ordway III

Frederick I., Ho o Ro & Sp Tl, Tom Y.Coll Comp, N Yo 1966,

p. 17-20; .. , ,

// . .

17-18. ., 1972. S. 90-111. H p. 90-91.

20 1 0,9144 m.

21 Qo om: .. ,



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1 918

K. Lz o ll o po p o lo E, b, o b p, o o obl. Hboo m o M po, obm o o M ll 1877 o omo o , bl o b ll. A m, pp o p pbl pooo x o l lop M lzo, bm m l poo Lz ol. W po o mo, M bl p

o bo E No pol, l o 6536 lom(4000 ml). Fo l p o, om ol l o o pl o .22

T bbl o bo p o o o ll o o E. E. Hl, Jl V K. Lz.T lo oz o l llo o pl m b o ol oE b mo pl. I lo o o o o pl.

B o o pbl o pl oo o p o o poplo l o oo o xl om.T o ll o ol oll b K. E. Tolo.

H boo Dreams o the Earth and Sky , pbl Moo 1895,

l o ob op o po m o bo, lboo lomplx o popl o l o pl o l p.23 A m, Tolo ll o ol poblm

, //

. Pbl 17-18. Moo, 1972. P. 90-111. H p. 91.

22 A mo l o M o bo E No pol, om

Lz' ol, o , b o :

// .. .

2-. . ., 1928. P. 48-53.

23 .. . ., . ..

o po p l. T ml ol m o pol lzo p, m ol, oo m, ompl oo o l, o o E. I po o p o, p o l xpo; ol p (p), z (om om24 o ompbl l z), ml om m (l, l ml mo), b ppl om lm o l ool o (m l,o ppl o ox mop lp o pl,

mp lo, l ).Tolo o lm ml ol o p o

lopm p pl b oloz xpo o p. H p o m lllzo ll b bl o mmopo o p. Aoo m, p o ll, oo o l, ompll pl pl lm mo o m l om . T ll bom l lo, ll o pl om, b o b.

T o po o mbl ll bo om l oo o pl. Tol bl ol b o mol mpo o olpo, b o ooll o o om o . T mlom mbl ll bo ol b o bl

oo; o p ol b ml o po obl ml, l o p ol b o lom o b o pl om.

T olo po lop o o pbl The Exploration o Cosmic Space by Meanso Reaction Devices25 mm o 1903. I l , o m o, l mml poo o

, 1895. P. 79.

24 1 om = 0,71 m.

25 .. //

. 1903. 5. P. 45-75.



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pbl o om lo.I l The Exploration o Cosmic Space by Means o Reaction

Devices Propulsion rocket26, l o lo pol opo o E bl m lm o o pl, Tolo p mo o l o o, o ol bo l o p o ppl b oo. Fl, ml o l o mopol pl. T o mpo obo

o Tolo lop o p o. H o b l o ob om o p blo, ol l b mbl o oo. I , Tolo p o p oo o o p l ( oo l bl o E,l o p l p oo bl l p om ml l om E o o ll bo) p b o mbl ob om lo lm l om E.

Fom 1917 o, Tolo mo mo ol qo l o p oz p o,l om l, lo o . W o pol l o po ob, m o olo mo ppopo o bo ol b ooo ob,

po o b l: A o , o o pl o 5 l E om , o o 33 o lom (2oo ml).27 T m o olo o pl pl m o E . T lmo l l, o ol lp 24 o, o b o

26 .. .

"" // . 1911. 19. P. 16-21; 20. P. 29-32;

21-22. P. 31-37; 1912. 2. P. 2-7; 3. P. 15-16; 5. P. 2-5; 6-7. P. 6-9; 9. P. 7-11.

27 H, Tolo m o llo: 5 l E m 35,079

lom (22,000 ml).

... T p o o lo o E 3lom (2 ml) p o.28

W o oo m o o,Tolo o o pl pl . H bl mpl o popl pl o m pl.Ao o m, p o popl ol b mo ol o o pl; b bo oq ompoo, p, mo mp, b o p m, b o ll m o o o

o.I o , Tolo p o p

o: 1) m o o o bo o o popl pl (-o); 2) p o bo poo o o, p om oo, b lo o mll l ol oo;3) oo o mol o o ( o omplx mol oo m mp o ll p).29

Fo o o, Tolo p o p, o o p o, o bo mol o p ll ool p o mol o ll o p.

Tolo lo b o o o, bo, poo oom l o, o

l l pl o. Ho o qo o o m o o ol b p b o.

Tolo lo p mo o l o j mo ol m l o o oo o o b. I o o m l o mol, omm o b p om o, l x ol b qpp

28 .. . , .

, 1920. C. 73-74.

29 .. . , 1929. C. 5.



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2322

(o o ol mb, ml m m).

Tolo o b po o xo omo om p o o op p: T (omo) qpp (o x p). O o m lo o mb, ml o o l. Fo ppo, op o mb, mll l ql o mll mo o l , o o b

ol o o . T omo loo- lo o mpl mpl . I m o o, o l o op, p o l o. T o omo lo m o.30

Tolo lo po o b p, pl m o b mo om bo31: I ppo o l m, l l, pl m ... I o bo, l , l o o po, mobl, o m, oo bo mom; o o o p o o bo; qpp pl, pll pmbl o l,o omo loo. T l, p bl pmo o po.

I o o o m. U , o o pl pl oll ppl oox. Cbo ox, m o bol o o pl. G m ol l m, pmbl l, o pl ompmp. A m b o o mo lom o oxp . All ppl, o o mo

30 .. . , .

, 1920. P. 44.

31 .. . , .

, 1920. P. 41.

10 lom (22 po), ol l o o.32

Tolo m l o oomo mo l ( xplo omobl33), o bl mom o o: Yo ompll ... Yo o o lom lo; o o o o o ... - W p? ... No poblm! Eo ll b pl mll ool, o xploo, ool l o... W , o o o oo om

m o .34T lll pol ol omo

ml W o o Toloo l ml o 1920. T pblo oHm Ob boo The Rocket into Planetary Space 35 1923 M bm po o o l.I p o p om oll po olo, o po.

I boo, Gm 36 b o o-po p , pl omTolo. Nl, ll om pll olo o R . Ob lo oo l o o x ol poo bo o om lo olo o mml bl lq l o o

l .I W Eop, Ob boo pl ol o l

32 .. . , .

, 1920. P. 42.

33 .. . , .

, 1920. P. 44.

34 .. . , .

, 1920. P. 43.


Bl 1923.

36 Ul 1938, H. Ob l Rom.



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p p o ll po o m o p. I lo ml o o obo bl o o moo lqpopll. Amo o , lo poo o omo l olo poj o o lo-bll ml A4 (om Nomb 1944 o V-2).37

T boo The Rocket into Planetary Space p ,l H. Poo, o l poblm l o o boo m xp o p; , op o p

o xpl o m l.38 Ob lop 1928, l Stations in Space39 1929, boo Ways to Spacelight.40

T l o o obl ll Ob ol bo xplo o o olo lo-m obl o oq E xp op. Ob xpl o p o o:I l o z (o, o b T. Z.) o obo E, o m ll p om l mll Moo.W ll o pl o E. 41 T ommo E b o b m o mll , o b o(l ll m obo o) b b p o

37 E. S lbl l o po l Ob' o

lz oo A4 lo l: Snger, Eugen Ob, Hm,04.05.1947, : Oberth, Hermann, Bl, E B, B 1979, p. 135-136, p. 135.


Bl 1923, p. 86.

39 Oberth, Hermann, So m Wlm, : D Ml Wlm.

Allml B zm Rmpoblm o Poo Hm

Ob, D. Fz . Ho, D.-I. Wl Hom, D. Kl Db, I Go o

Pq I F. W. S, Vl o Hm & Tl, Lpz 1928, p. 216-239.

40 Oberth, Hermann, W z Rm, Vl o R. Olbo, M Bl

1929, p. 350-371.

41 A mo p lo o ol b: T m o b o

o E.

pm ol.42

Ob l ollo o p o:- Ob E o ;43

- Sppl E l, b om om ;44

- Ebl lp oo o E;45

- W l bo o l, m;46

42 Oberth, Hermann, D R z Plm, M Bl 1923, p. 86; qo

om: . // . . -.

. . (1891-1938). ., , 1977. P. 424-510, p. 503-504.


Bl 1923, p. 86; Oberth, Hermann, So m Wlm, : D Ml

Wlm. Allml B zm Rmpoblm o Poo

Hm Ob, D. Fz . Ho, D.-I. Wl Hom, D. Kl Db, I Go

o Pq I F. W. S, Vl o Hm & Tl, Lpz 1928, p. 216-

239. Here p. 232-233; Oberth, Hermann, W z Rm, Vl o R. Olbo,

M Bl 1929, p. 352.




Hm Ob, D. Fz . Ho, D.-I. Wl Hom, D. Kl Db, I

Go o Pq I F. W. S, Vl o Hm & Tl, Lpz 1928,

p. 216-239. Here p. 226; Oberth, Hermann, W z Rm, Vl o R. Olbo,M Bl 1929, p. 352.






p. 216-239. Here p. 233; Oberth, Hermann, W z Rm, Vl o R. Olbo,

M Bl 1929, p. 352.






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- Ob p;47

- Bl m p mo, ll o o; lp pobl o E lm oo lp, l ol,.., o o o m;48

- Bl p lop ooml obo;49

- Bl pl p l ppl m l;50

- S lo-m bo o m l;51



p. 216-239. Here p. 233; Oberth, Hermann, W z Rm, Vl o R. Olbo,

M Bl 1929, p. 352.

47 Oberth, Hermann, W z Rm, M Bl 1929, p. 352.


Bl 1923, p. 87-88; Oberth, Hermann, So m Wlm, : D Ml





M Bl 1929, p. 352.




Hm Ob, D. Fz . Ho, D.-I. Wl Hom, D. Kl Db, I Goo Pq I F. W. S, Vl o Hm & Tl, Lpz 1928, p. 216-


M Bl 1929, p. 353-371.


Bl 1923, p. 88-89; Oberth, Hermann, So m Wlm, : D Ml





M Bl 1929, p. 353.


Foreword I.

- Pom ppolol xpm.52

T Ob p o o po ompl o m o bTolo. T bo o m-bo, bl popl o l o xloo. B l oo ll, o mo, ompll .

Tolo p o o l p53 p o

o om E o o p. I b o ml o o p, xbl ppl o o l .

Ob p o o E; o m mol pbl p o m o pl. H lo o qo bo o p o o o l oo pl l.54

Ob o po Tolo55




H p. 216-218.


Allml B zm Rmpoblm o Poo HmOb, D. Fz . Ho, D.-I. Wl Hom, D. Kl Db, I Go o


H p. 225-226.

53 .. . ., . ..

, 1895. P. 79.


Bl 1923, p. 88.

55 .. (1883) // . . . II. . 1954. P. 25-68. Here

. 65; .. .

"" // . 1911. 19. P. 16-21. 20. P.

29-32. 21-22. P. 31-37. 1912. 2. P. 2-7. 3. P. 15-16. 5. P. 2-5. 6-7. P. 6-9. 9. P. 7-11 /

Foreword I.


15/116

2 928

l o o o bl l p o: I polo o lol l o ml oq ( I l ob), ol o o op l lom lo p m o o o.56 H lo mpz o pl x o p om p l.57 Ho, 1920, Ob ll o o o o l o p o. I p, Tolo l Gm

oll.Ao po o pl ol

lopm o o p o A Goo Pq, l Travel Routes, pbl mzDie Rakete om M 1928 l J 1929.58 I , Pq o omml poo bo plbl l o p o pp o o lzo o pl . Tpoo om b o o-ll p pox, pl om o ll b m oo.59

T m opo lo l b So omo

.. . . . II. ., 1954. P. 100-139. H p. 135.


Bl 1923, p. 86; qo om: . //

. . -. . . (1891-1938). .,, 1977. P. 424-510. H p. 504.





Here p. 218.

58 Pirquet von, Guido, Fo, : D R, 15.05-1928, p. 67-74; 15.06.1928, p. 93-94;

15.07.1928, p. 107-109; 15.08.1928, p. 117-121; 15.09.1928, p. 134-140; 15.10.1928, p. 155-158; 15.11.1928,

p. 169-171; 15.12.1928, p. 183-190; 15.01.1929, p. 9-13.

59 Pirquet von, Guido, Fo, : D R, 15.08.1928, p. 118-121; 15.09.1928, p. 137-140;

15.10.1928, p. 157-158.

Foreword I.

F. A. Z O. G. S (om A 15, 1921, l, o pbl m o Y. V. Ko).

I m pbl po F. A. Z l b1923 1929 o o USSR, ol xp o: T bl o pl o o E o pl ll b mpo. T ll b l pl o o ll b l om E. T ll lob p op o plo. Ipl ll bom mp oo o o b

o o o pl ll b o o pl o.60

A pl b o o ol m mpo po pom o oq p. T l b O. G. S b 1916 1928. H j oo o: H b o pol < ... > b ll o o po ml,m, m popl ( oom o m) o om E o pl xp . Wll lo o o mp -l obj o o o o o E. T o o ll o ll bo b. Fo o b o ol q l ml xp ml omE. Ro ll b om E o pl xpol o ppl b o x o o

o o lo l.61

J l F. A. Z, O. G. S lo o l l o pl b, b omm lo-m b o l o popl, bo o ol b blpl om obo. T ol b o

60 ..

// .. .

. . ., , 1961. P. 436-441. H p. 439.

61 .. . , . ,

1929. Co po.: .. . .,

, 1947. P. 73.

Foreword I.


16/116

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op m l. Fo o o l o o, m ol b o o ommo o .62 T o obo ml H. Ob o, o b l O. G. S o ml o o Gm .B, O. G. S o bo p o om o o o o o p. H o pl pl b o ob o E, b o Moo.

I mmz l o ol oo plom o 1890 l o 1930, K. E. Tolo, H. Ob, F. A. Z O. G. S (Y.V. Ko) p scientic ppo o p orole M oq o xp bo E, ll ppo o mlol b o o o l o p.

T o 1930 m o oollopm o o o p o. T op o poj o p o H. Poo. H l oo pblo o po: m o m l ppo o, p o o lo olol l lo o mop ompoo; lm ol om o S o l; o omo

x om o o op p; p ; loomo l o mom o omo op p; pl o l l ; l ; mbl o o ob o o lm; o obo o, o oo popll p po ... All o om o Poo o. B boo oo o l o l, bm obj po o engineering

62 .. . , . ,

1929. Qo om: .. . .,

, 1947. P. 74.

Foreword I.

; p o l oo, bl o l m. W , o x, Poo o b o om E(o po o oo) lp bl psychological o oo o popl om E op . B o , l ll m o p .

I boll obo Poo o mb oo o o b pol mo

l: .., o p o l ob l o 35,900 lom (22,400 ml), o poo olm o po o E.63 A mbo pblo mpz pl m o o Poo ll po o oo ob, o oo ll o64 o o o oo ll.65

B ml lm o b . A l , po o mo ooo ob l Tolo. Bo Tolo Poo oo mo ooo ob m , l om pp b o ppo o p o. To Tolo, o mol bo bo mop66, l o o o ol.T m o ooo ob

l l. To Poo, p o mol obo o67, o o ll o o o pl

63 Noordung, Hermann, D Poblm B Wlm. D R-Moo, Bl

1929, p. 98.

64 E W o R mpo , :

mz Ml, 1976, N. 1, p. 10-11. P. 10.

65 Vaacha B. S. Hm Poo-Noo - " Po Rm",

: Ao, 1987, H 4, p. 111-112. P. 111.

66 .. . , 1920, . 77.

67 Poo ll o W o Rm, m pl, o: Noordung,

Hermann, D Poblm B Wlm. D R-Moo, Bl 1929, p. 96.

Foreword I.


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3332

o ooo ob bl o l bbo m po o E .

I o qo o Poo po, m, m, pl o o oooob o l oo ll per se. B bblobo oz o ob ll olo o poblm o ommo p ob E om o p.68

Poo boo l b o lo o o

l p bolo m. B omb bo o oo m l( Gm l l l b o b H.Ob M. Vl bo m) o om p ,Poo oo o p o. H o p oo o ml m l o pl x o p ml oml . T lo lm po: l l ll bml b ml bom , o, l o l op oml oloo (.. ollo o E).69 T ollo b qll l ommo: Ho, pobbl ol b o ll b m mlx; b, m b pobl b m o ppopl po o ompll bol .70

I Poo boo, lo om p obo bol l l o p o oo po o omo. Fo xmpl, l o oo ol bom l om:W b o m ol o b ompll

68 A mll o m o Noo' m b

l: Ruppe, Harry O., Noo: D M W, : Ao, 1976, H 3, p.

81-83, p. 81.

69 . . .-., ,

, 1935. P. 57.

70 Ib.

Foreword I.

opp, o! Cl ol ol b ompl b bb mp ol, po o l. 71 A o, p pom l l b o p l o.

A mo, Poo boo o o o ompo. B o o oo o o o o xp. I om o ol ol m boo q ol o omo,72 l

o m.73 W. L o: Noo mb o , b o l. A mo:To mo o l , lo mb o ml m Noo poj.74 H. Obl o o H. Poo m boo Ways toSpace fight. T o obo o o p o. H j o l oo ox l o oll l, bo oo o bo l p o o olo p o bo pl o ooo ob.75 Poo z o mo o ll oll o o.76 I l, Poo oll l

71 Ib., p. 62.

72 Schlr, Dr., D Poblm B Wlm, [Bbp], : D

Um, 24.11.1928, H 48, p. 986.73 Ley, Willy, Ro, Ml Sp Tl, T V P, N Yo 1957, . 369. .

. ., ,

1961. P. 308.

74 Ley, Willy, Ro, Ml Sp Tl, T V P, N Yo 1957, . 369. .

. ., ,

1961. P. 308.

75 Oberth, Hermann, W z Rm, Vl o R. Olbo, M Bl

1929, p. 99, 152-153, 180, 222, 227, 257, 305, 351, 385.


. ., ,

1961. P. 308.

Foreword I.


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3534

poj o o ol o .77

T o oo o p pml ommoo ll o. Hl p o boPoo o bo poj oo o. T om oo bo lp o p o obo qobl om . T ol o om Poo poj l o 1940 om o o obj, xp o p o op, l bl

pp. I, mo o p o oom o o o p, ol o bo, lboo,poo o o, ll o pl. A olm o oo o p, m-p, pl, l, ml m jo plom. T oo o o o p o o o l bo m. T o ml o o E. T ommo po o ll o o oo o p pml.

T l poj o p o H. Poo poj b o Elm, H Ro Rlp Sm, b l Orbital Bases, pbl 1949 Jol o B Ipl So.78 T p ooo l ol o o 24-po , olo o mmb om o b. T

o lo o l obo o E om o p,o pom moolol ooml obo o p. O o, Ro Smo bl om l p, 30 m (100 ) m (o bo oo). I oo p mo m-p 60 m (200 ) m.


. ., ,

1961. P. 308.

78 Ross, H. E., Obl B, : Jol o B Ipl So, J 1949, Vol.

8, No. 1, P. 1-19.

Foreword I.

T ol pmbl oll om o l mpl po. T mmobl ooo, ol b om p, ol l p o p l.

T bo l o Hm Poo Noo p poj o o o p l, popo 1949 b So , xp o p o poplzo omo, A. A. Sl.79 H l, o, ol po, o p l ol

m l o ol o o. L, A. A. Slpopo o poj o o, ompo om pp o p o. T ol b l om po o l o.80

I 1951, H Hm Koll popo o m om 36p, o 5 m (16 ) m. Smll H.Poo Noo bo l, jo o lp o po (o). Fo o m bl-lo , l ll o l p o . 81Ao o Koll llo, o ol 150 mo o E oom o 65 . T pl pomo xpm ol l moolo, o p, o l o l om o p , ol ob.

Koll l b o o bo p

79 .. . .-.,

- , 1949. P. 106-108. ..

. ., - , 1958.

Spplm o p. 128 129.

80 .. . ., -

, 1958. Spplm o p. 128 129, p. 264 265.

81 Hoeppner, H., Koelle, Hans Hermann, D opml L z Ao 1669

m H, : Fob N. 8 Gll Wlmo. S

1951; Koelle, Hans Hermann, D E o Gl Ao

Gmo Poj, : Fob N. 9 Gll

Wlmo, S 1951.

Foreword I.


19/116

3736

o Gm pblo.82 T o o po o qo, om ml bolol qpm o o o o oo .

Spl b l Space Station, b Gm o F Nol AopR C Rol El, U. T. Bo K H.83 Tm m o o o o per se, op o , b o pl loo o opo ( pl bl o E ,

pl x o ob, lm o o bl o oppl m). T o poo poblmo p o opol m mo mpo xp oo. T bl o o o o ombo x- o, ol l ol m o 510 m o o E ob ( o ppo o 180 m o, l qpm 330 mo).

T mo mo poj b W o B o 1950 p 1952.84 H o m

82 W ml Om ol m Rm l?

: Wlm,1951, H 4, p. 81; Krause, H., D Km Ao

z qob llp B, : Fob N. 10 Gll

Wlmo. S 1951; Merten, R., Fb m Ao,: Hoqz Wlm. S1951, p. 92-101; Schaub, W., D

Fl Ao, : Wlm, 1952, H 1, p. 1-8; Krause, H., D

B Ao llp, zm Eqo B m

E, : Wlm, 1952, H 1, p. 17-25; Wlm, 1952, H 3, p. 74-78; Haber, H.,

Gol, S., P Pop Glo, : Wlm, 1953,

H 2, p. 44.

83 Engel, Rol, Boedewadt, U.T., Hanisch, K., D Ao, : Rmo, M

1952, p. 117-154.

84 A b W. L, po o o B poj l o om

1950 1951. T lmo ll oo mb o po

o . L mo om o l ll: T po jo

o omobl , m o 75 m, olo l b. T o H. Poo o p obo. T ppo o b mbl ob oo l m m om l ml. E o ll ol b ll , ol o lp. T poj b o llo po o m ol ob E l o 1730lom. T m pobl b l o mlolpoj - o. T ppl o ol o

om om ol pl, b om o. Aool o l poj o o o oo o ll bo m. T ol lo b ob o l. Sol o mo oq o popl mo om o o o o ( o ppo o b 200 o 300), pmpol omll pmp om o o o o qlbm.85

I 1954, Ob pbl boo o omo, lMen into Space, l p bo p o.86 I , o olo o x l o mlpl ppo.87 T Ob b l p oo: p o ( ppo o b l o lo 300 o 400 lom o mbl o lp l o pl 88), o o ob E

m, p l l oo. T b pbol mo ob

o ppo o oll l o bol bo

. . . .,

, 1961. P. 311.

85 Braun von, Wernher, Kaplan, J., Haber, H., Ley, Willy, Schachter, O., Whipple, F., Ao

Sp Fo. N Yo 1952; B o, W, So m Wlm, F/M 1953.

86 Oberth, Hermann, M m Wlm. N Poj R- Rm, ECON-

Vl, Dlo 1954, p. 80-123.


Vl, Dlo 1954, p. 96.




20/116

3 938

( ol b pl o oo ob89) o o ( l o ob ol b 600 lom 90).T po qpp , b boo oo l ll llo pp b o. 91 Amo pbl , lo llo o o o p o, ol oo o lmo o xo.92 I oo , p o obo o om o o ol ol: o mbl oop, mbl o

pl o ol pl. T o p o o ob E lo om ommo lm:o bo blo, pl o o o ol, l o m lop.

I 1955, K E b l poj o po, bl om bo o o, o o l m. T poj m o Al o. O oo, o : o l o po o o E. I ol b m o o l, b ol obj, o om o oo, ol m ob ol b o bl oo ppl o.93

T o l lop poj o o,pbl 1955 b Dll Rom, om op pm

Vl, Dlo 1954, p. 101.


Vl, Dlo 1954, p. 96.


Vl, Dlo 1954, p. 120.


Vl, Dlo 1954, p. 92, 97, 109, 112, 113, 115, 119.

92 Oberth, Hermann, M m Wlm, 24.03.1954, : A Gm F, DP-

6704, DP-6705, DP-6706, DH-6607, DH-6608.

93 Ehricke, Krat A., Al o Obl Sm, Po o V. Iol Aol

Co, Ib, 01.-07.08.1954.

o Am omp Goo A.1 H o pl l, 900 m (3000 ) l 330 m (1100) m. T l ppo o b o 460 m (1500 ) m 12 m (39 ) . T ol o o 20,000 popl. T l p o o ol bm om o o, ol olm o ob. T o o o ol b,o o Rom pl, qpp b plo, ol bl , l, , l o, . 2

A o 1940 1950, o p o b xp, ll o o boo l opopl .3 T o j p o l o l, lo p . Fo xmpl, E. B xp pobl o po b o ol b o xpm, o oo pl o p (.. m mp), b lo o o ol b o o m,pll l o om p.4

W o o poj o p o om o 1940 1950, m m H. PooNoo obo o o o ll l. H o poj o p othe rst in the world. I ll o o p moo p oo, l boo ll ll lb o

p l l o ol.

1 Romick, D. C., Plm E S o Sll So Cop, Am Ro

So, Pp 274-55, 14.-18.11.1955. T pblo o x om pp b D. Rom,

o R. K G. V. Pl o l o o

Am Ro So, l N Yo om Nomb 30 o Dmb 3, 1954.

2 Romick, D. C., Plm E S o Sll So Cop, Am Ro

So, Pp 274-55, 14.-18.11.1955.

3 F o xmpl, Gartmann, Heinz, R o S z S, [. .] 1949; B, E., A

Ioo o Ro Sp , Loo 1956.

4 Burgess, E., A Ioo o Ro Sp , Loo 1956, P. 45-57.



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At the time of the NASA translation, J.D. Hunley was a historian working in the NASA History

Ofce. He received a Masters Degree from Harvard University in 1968 and a Ph.D. from the

University of Virginia in 1973, both in European history. He sub sequently became the rst Chief

Historian of the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, from which he retired in 2001 to accept

the Ramsey Fellowship at the National Air and Space Museum. He subsequently wrote three

award-winning books on rocketry, rocket propulsion, and space-launch vehicle technology, pub-

lished by Texas A&M University Press and the University Press of Florida. He has also written or

edited numerous books and articles about European and aerospace history.

Frederick I. Ordway III was born and brought up in New York City and attended Trinity and

other schools. He graduated from Harvard University in 1949 specializing on the geosciences,

chemistry and astronomy. Subsequently, he spent two years at the University of Paris continuing

in the geosciences. His space-related career included service at Americas pioneering rocket-

engine rm Reaction Motors, Inc.; Republics Guided Missile Division; the Army Ballistic Mis-

sile Agency; NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center, and The University of Alabama in Huntsvilles

Research Institute/School of Graduate Studies and Research. He consulted on the lm 2001: A

Space Odyssey, is author-coauthor-editor of some three dozen books, and has published more

than 300 articles.

Roger D. Launius is senior curator in the Division of Space History at the Smithsonian Institu-

tions National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., where he was division chair 2003-

2007. Between 1990 and 2002 he served as chief historian of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration. A graduate of Graceland College in Lamoni, Iowa, he received his Ph.D. from

Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, in 1982. He has written or edited more than twenty

books on aerospace history, most recently the Smithsonian Atlas of Space Exploration (Harp-

erCollins, 2009); and including Space Stations: Base Camps to the Stars (Smithsonian Books,

2003; 2nd edition, Konecky & Konecky, 2009), which received the AIAAs history manuscript

prize. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Interna -

tional Academy of Astronautics, and the American Astronautical Society, and associate fellow

of the AIAA. He also served as a consultant to the Columbia Accident Investigation Board in

2003 and presented the prestigious Harmon Memorial Lecture on the history of national secu-

rity space policy at the United States Air Force Academy in 2006. He is frequently consulted by

the electronic and print media for his views on space issues and has been a guest commentator

on National Public Radio and all the major television network news programs.

Foreword II.

F I. O III, Ro D. L, J. D. Hl

I 1995 NASA Ho O pbl ll Ello o Hm Noo l Gm x bop, D Poblm B Wlm: D R-Moo (l l, T Poblm o Sp Tl: T Ro Moo),oll pbl 1929. T o o l Noo

x l om NASA Ho O o o o lo pom o lo poo b o. To l llo 1970 l ompz m olzo o NASA po, pll lo o bo pp o bl Iol Sp So. Noo T Poblm o Sp Tl ll o l mpo o o, ll lo ppo om p o o lob.

T o Ro D. L, F I. O III, J. D.Hl l o popl ml ol lo o boo b Noo, p m o Hm Poo.O, o b oll o mz boo ll o-o o o o p -, o o bom q Noobooo F M. C lo o poo o

S Wo So, pol b Ho Gb pbl o ol ll plbl o b lo p-o- m.

I 1956 O mplo Rpbl AoCopoo G Ml Do, b o o pobl o o Noo boo o b ll lo El pbl U S. O Jl 23 o , o Gm pbl, R Cl Sm &Co., ppl o ppo poj b m o m o Gb o ppo o o. O l o Gb, o om ompl El lo o x. A pp,


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O job mo o Am Bll Ml Ao Ro Al Hll, Albm, Fb 1957 o o W o B, l Do o NASA Mll SpFl C (lo Hll) m o lopm o S Moo o o o E lll. I M 1957, o B op lb l o Jp ml, ollo A b l o - Jp-C o. T l J 1958 o ob oAm ll. O l bm o b x

Noo poj om m b ol mpol.I Jl 1960, o B m, l O, o

NASA pp Apollo Pom o pl oo Moo. I m o po o, O o o l Noo boo. D p o 1963, H O. Rpp, p o o NASA-Mll F PojO, b o o boo l. Tppo Wll L bo . L l N YoC lom oll o O. T op L, mo Gm-Am o o l l boo, m o ll, mo o l, Ro,Ml, Sp Tl. I 1961 o l l x o o Noo boo. T op Lol oo o lo.5

T opo L l om omo bo

Noo, o ll o po m. Fo xmpl,L m Poo, Noo b o Ao-H Am b o N. O boo, L o, I o o oboo pop o [pll bo p o, m op p bl bo o moo]

5 T o pp bo o ollo mmz m l o

o m O Foo Hl P o lo, Hm

Noo, T Poblm o Sp Tl: T Ro Moo (Wo, D.C.: NASA SP-4026,

1995). R o l o lo o

p://o..o/SP-4026/o.ml ll m lb.

o lz l m l. A m , bool loo m m. Go o Pq, Ap po, o , z o bl boo .6 B o p o o , L o oo p poj l.

Ml, oo pobl U.S. pbl oo o . Ell Gm pbl opp poo q poj o. Bo poj ,o, Rpp omm Noo o p o

ll o b p xp o p o ooo ob ( ol p o l poo oE, l mp ommo om o ).

O o p m l l o pp o boo ol Slo 1986. Soo ( 1993), o mmom om A C. Cl, B o p popo o ommoll, om S L l. To Slo bo Cl op o Noo boo Slo. Abo m, O b l -NASA C HoRo L, o l b bo NASApoo Noo lo ollo b pblo. T-NASA L S NASA Ho Oommo lo o NASA S Tl

Iomo (STI) Pom. STI lo o b SCITRANo S Bb, Clo, pp NASA TT-10002 1993.(T b lo o mo o SCITRAN o lo, l lo lo o lo bo.) J Gl, STI Cooo o Fo LS, po l o SCITRAN lo. Hpm xp R E Eop L Gm om lo o. B

6 Ib., p. x. A O Foo l o p. x, . 5, ll o opo

o l O Collo, C Lb A, U.S. Sp & Ro C,

Hll, Albm.

Foreword II. Foreword II.


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om o o m o m o mox o . A lo l ( o poo o m bo) l, o mo ppop El o, po. I olo , m lo bo mo mobl o lo l o omo A Gm ll bo m o o l m b o. A Sl o o Hl o A 2, 1994, l , Noo o

lobl oml A l, m mll o o oob m o o o , b o oo l. M o ll o, o, ml o m, p o ox; loo p o o o oo o lo m. I mo , I j o o, b o ll , ol b x; o , I o l o El lo.Dp poblm l boo, o, pom bll o xp b o, Sl, mbl boo, o o ol b mbl o bl o Gm. S b bo o NASA lo, l Foo b O P b Hl.

I o Noo l o, o

27 o M 2008 Emb o Slo Wo o oo mpom l T Poblm o Sp Tl.Oz b Emb o Nol A SpMm Do o Sp Ho, l po oAmbo Sml bo.

m mo oo o pll, mm, obl, om, ll qo l,, o ol.

Hl, o NASA Ho O, m om oo. Fo , Kz oo b m-m , ob ll lo o Gm o o m omll b o o. L, pl b lo o Sb o m o . O

Hl opo l Bbo popll l ll o bo l oxz, l ll lo, l, mo ol o l poo o o popll. Smll,Hl lo o G o pl Gm o ll o o o l ll oo S. I l, o lo olloAm olloql o om o ol Gm. A mb o ooo o x, pml o popl Noo mo. (T mbooo, p mb o m po pbl lo, Noo o.)

Hl, o, o Gm p, o ollo , o p D. E Sl, lo ollboo o O, ol o lo.

Sl P.D. p U o Tb 1936. H o o o p b Pm 1943 x o o o o NASA Mll Sp Fl C o o 1975. Ho m mo m ol o l lbo Noo o Hl, pl mo bl po o Noo A Gm. H pl o ol Gm mo oo o om b Hl Gl. Fo xmpl, ol lo ol (lll ) l. Sl mpo o mo olloql l. Smll, lo o Sp

Foreword II. Foreword II.


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The Power o Gravity

T mo l obl o l p o o E. B l ppo o l o p m b bl o ol o mo; m pml o ll mo om E .., o o .I m b bl o l l plo p m o, o o o lom!

B o o l o, m o ll

o l o x , moo,b xm o, ml o mlml pop o m; b poblm o pl b o .

Figure 1.T o E o o ml o (o o ). T o o, q o p b

o o o o om ozol x.

Key: Mass fr die Schwerkraft der Erde in den verschiedenen Entfernungen Aunt fthe Earths frce f gravity at varius distances; Schwerkraftkurve Curve f the frce fgravity; Grsse der Schwerkraft auf der Erderfche Magnitude f the frce f gravityn the Earths surface; Erde - Earth; Erdradius. 6380 m Radius f the Earth = 6,380 m.


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T o pop l ll m mll (L o Go). T oq o pomo m x o-ll o o ml o o o m. T o ll bo x o om b o ol m ll o o . To o x b E o ll objo E , , mo o l p o ml l o mll m.T o o ml o (o o ) m mo

, m o obj b .O o , (mo pll, q o l), l o bo (Figure 1). Toll, o bom zo ol . Sml o E, , Moo , o m, ll bo x oo opo o z.

Figure 2.Key: Krer Oect; Antreiende Kraft Driving frce; Schwerunkt Center f ass;Trgheitswiderstand Inertia.

T o ml pop o m l m l o o o m omoo (L o I). Coql, m o moo l, l o o ll b lop o, o-ll o o l m(Figure 2).

I l, , o pl lo

The Power o Gravity

l o. T l o o o o m o o mo lo p. A llo, l o l ll o om o moo (Figure 3). All o o: o o , l o l o.

Figure 3.Key: Bewegungsahn des Krers Path f tin f the ect; Fiehkraft Centrifugafrce; Krer Oect; Schwerunkt Center f ass.

A mo pol, o E o o x o , bom . W oql ompll p (ol l) o E, l ol

bo o E. I , l, b ll moo o ol oll b q o o oom E ol ol l. To , o l 6,380 m-o ol o b o lom o lo.Fmo, b m lo obj ol o b l om E, o o lo oE. T lo 11,180 m p o. T m lo obj ol E ll l om oo E. I o o mp lo o lom o m, m mo o o o 6,380 m-o q ol o b xp o oom ol Eol l p lom o lo.

The Power o Gravity


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I E ol ll b p,pobl ol l x o obj o p om ol o E, mo pll, b lo bj o o o l o obl E o o . Ao o o po oobo ml pop o m, ol ollo o pobl: o o ml o o bol bo o o o l m l- bo qo.

The Practical GravitationalBoundary o the Earth

F o ll, o xm pol pobl.

B l E o ll bo lo oll x o l, lo mo mo o o, l oll l mlo ol o ll l bo. O ,ol ol o E , o om , oo Moo obl o , o. I o lo o E, m l, o o E o opoml olm ol x bo ll bo o ll pl ppo pp omp o

E o.Som l pp, o, oo ol

om E. I o oll ,l, o o , o bo l bo oll. S obl E oo , po m x om E o o m qlbm o . O o loo, ol o E o om, l o o , o bopl bom . T b pl boo ol l o E, op, o, m ob p , o oo l

The Practical Gravitational Boundary o the Earth

ol o poo o bopl lo o E.

A l po o pl ol bo (l, o o o l o E bo pl), o l o o oo o, o po ompll l x. A po o o p o-ll po o ol (Figure 4). Ho, ol ol po ol , bl o

l, b l mom o o o o, pl oo E ooo bo pl.

Figure 4.T o ol l o o bo l bo G1 G2 p F 1, xpo ol o mll ll bo G2 blo l o b o o o l G1. T po o ol lo bo ol

l oppo ql o o o , o, o .

Key: Schwerefreier Punkt Pint free f gravitatina effects.

The Practical Gravitational Boundary o the Earth


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Free OrbitI o o , bl o l, ol

o p o o : ol o.

T ll bo, o xmpl E, ob ob opo lo (olmoo). T l o o ob l o m qlbm o

, ol o moo l (Figure 5) omlol o l o o ob o om (llp, pbol, pbol, Figure 6).

Figure 5.Cl ob o obj o E. T obj o b l o ob. T obj , o, bl o

po lo o E.

Key: Fiehkraft Centrifuga frce; Uaufender Krer Oriting ect; Gewicht Weight; sind einander entgegengesett geich Are site and eua t ne anther;Erde Earth; Kreisfrige freie Uaufahn Circuar free rit.

Figure 6.Vo ob o ll bo. I o l o olmom, ol po o ob ( o l) m l o

o m ( o ) o ob ll bo.

Key: Paraische Uaufahn Paraic rit; Hyerische Uaufahn Hyericrit; Hieskrer Ceestia dy; Eitische Uaufahn Eitica rit;Kreisfrige Uaufahn Circuar rit.

All Moo pl mom o ml o. B,b o xmpl, o Moo ool ob E lo o ppoxml 1,000 m p o, o oll oo E o E o o,b p l bo . A l E oo pl o mol o mpl o ool ob lo o ppoxml30,000 m p o. A l o l o ob, o o E o ,o, p o o x. Comp o , l bl o po; om plpo o , b mo om ol .

Free Orbit


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T o om ll bo ob o, o o o po. B o , o l o oql ob lo m b opol (b l o q o oblo). Wl, b o xmpl, ob lo o ol bo1,000 m p o o Moo om E, lo ol o l o ppoxml8,000 m p o o obj ppo o ob

E p (Figure 7).I o o mp lo o obj, , o b o

bl o po lo o E m, l o om E , mo o o obo 3,200 m-o p lom o q.

Figure 7.T ob lo m lo ob mom o o

o o.

Key: Mnd Mn; etwa 1000 e Sekunde Ariatey 1,000 eters er secnd; etwa8000 e Sekunde Ariatey 8,000 eters er secnd; Erde Earth.

Free Orbit

Maneuvering in the GravitationalFields o Outer Space

To b pobl x o o p ol

o E o o o l bo: plol bo o o o ob. Wpobl ll b mplo p o ol.

T, o xmpl, o lo- l o op, ol ll p o m o

o ll bo, o o o (oll) p pl, ll b l ob p p ( , ol po o po b m-m o) o o o l o m. A lo p ol o,o, o p o ob o (po ), o om ol l o o l bo o o bo o b ll b po om m-m o.

I o m l bo ll bo(.., E) o lo po, ll ool ob bo ppop lo l ob, pobl, ,o, m o bl o po.

W om E o om o pl, mll o pl ol bo, l, ol po ( oo bl

o po) o o o ob l o bl o po ( oo ol po).O, ll, o o o l oll o p ol ll, b o o l o llo o mml o E l (bll jo).

I l, ll ll o l b oolp om o o, b ql pplm o o.T , o, ll l o pl b po om m-m o q xp o , obj lo o p om ol o E p omo l


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o o 3,200 p o 6,400 m-o p lom o lo o b. O mo o m q mp , om lo o ppoxml 8,000 o 11,200m p o, bo 12 m lo o llpojl!

The Armor Barrier o the Earths Atmosphere

B o o , mop, m llbo ll o E, pl lo pl xml mpo ol o p l. Wl mop lbl o l, , o o , om pll obl o .

Figure 8.Am mop ppoxml 400 m ,

m o o o o E.

Ao o obo o ll mo ol pom, o mop o E m l (pp 400) lom (Figure 8).Nl, ol p l l lom bo E, ol o boom o o , o o p, o x o x o l o E. Fo ql l , b

The Armor Barrier o the Earths Atmosphere

o xmpl, o-l l o 5 m ol o-x l o 15 m ll (Figure 9).

T oo o l mpo o qo o pl bl o b, ll o, mo obj. D lo o moo, , o, pl, mo pll, qlop. W l E, l xm lo o o p l l mo o o o oom ol

l , mo pol, obl m lo b o oo o bl bl l. Ho, o ol pl l, lo bom mll ql l b m pbl lm. Nl, mop polobl o p l. I ll om mol o E o ll . L, ll o o mpo o o E.

The Highest Altitudes Reached to DateT b o l o mp o l.

Up o p, m b bl o l o 11,800

m pl, 12,000 m blloo, 8,600 mo Mo E (Figure 9). So-ll blloo pob l. T m bb blloo ppo o l o pobl. S p oll l, blloo xp mo mo l ll b. T o o p llll, o p, mp m o omll. Blloo pob o p b bl o l p o ppoxml 35 lom. Moo, pojl o mo Gm lo- o, o P, l o ppoxml 40 lom. Nl, ll

The H ighest Altitudes Reached to Date


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5 958

o ompo o mo l o ol o o o o mp o p o o ll bo!

Figure 9.W l, o xml pl, b om

o om o .

Key: Hhe in m Atitude in m; Registrieran 35 m Ban re 35 m; Geschssder deutschen Fernkanne Prectie f the Geran ng-range cannn; Fugeug 11,8m Airane 11.8 m; Freian 12 m Free an 12 m; Mass fr die Luftdichtein den verschiedenen Hhen Scae fr the density f air at varius atitudes; Nrae

Luftdichte er de Meeressiege Nra density f air ave sea eve.

The Cannon Shot into Outer SpaceI pp obo o m o p

l o E o o om opol pol o. T mo ol o mp o pojl omo q o oom o obo mop o, , om o lo.T q, o, pojl m l lo o o l o 12,000 m p o l

The Cannon Shot into Outer Space

o , b l , o oom lo o o.

E m o p olo ol llo o o p o b bl o pojl op ( Poo H. Loz Dz , l oo l popll ol b l polo ppo) l o o ol o omp o omo mo o mo q o 1. A b, l ll ol b bl o bo bo b o

o l obj om E ll o pp o lo Moo. Hl mo b b, plo, o , o p pojl l p, ol b om o m o, b o ob ol ol l ol b bl o omo l p po ll p o pojl m o , pojl mb l o o o o lo o 12,000 m po po o ol o (Figure 10), ompllo o l o o bl o o pll mop o b p.

The Reactive Force

T mo , o ll pl ppo, o bl. T p l q o oom , ll o mo mp p, m b ppl o o m, , b o xmpl, bo popll o bo

1 Poo H Loz (18651940 ) xp o o, ml , bll

o l Dz m, pbl Z

V D I (pol o oo o Gm , 71, #19 (M

1927): 651-654, 1128) o o Hm Ob llo o p l ( blo).

Ob bl o mo D R ( o, pol o So o

Spp Tl, ol. 1, #11 (No. 15, 1927): 144-152 #12 (D. 15, 1927): 162-166; ol. 2, #6 (J

1928), 82-89) Loz llo l.

The Reactive Force


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6160

l p. Fmo, poplo moo mlo b lbl llo poplo o o o o, o l o o , o o p ll o o , lmo om lo op o p o plo.

Figure 10.T Jl V o o Moo. T pojl ollo o

po m b. T b mb o.

Key: Druck der Puvergase Pressure f the wder gases; Erdden Grund; Puvergase Pwder gases; Puveradung Pwder charge; Trgheitswiderstand des Geschsses Inertia f the rectie.

B o o ll o ? Ho mom ppo ob pobl pl mp p o oobj lbl o l ppo l (o po om, m o p) o o o mom o o o mo o ? (Mom boo o ml m b, pp o b b, l o oll , o p, popll, .)

The Reactive Force

Figure 11.T o o ol

Key: Puvergase Pwder gases; Rckstss Reci; Drcck der Puvergase Pressure fthe wder gases.

A ll o pl pomo o m o .Wo pol ( p o, popl o o o b o ppl) , o ob, ll l o-ll ol (mb xp o lo plo). T pol o o oo o o . A l, po lo p b oo m o pojl o , o, mp o mo b (Figure 11).

Ho, l l, o pomo b ob , lo ll o ol : , o

xmpl, mobl obj p (Figure12), xl m mp o obj , llo, lo b m m oppo o m o o. S mo pl: o mo, ll l b p b m , p. Ho, lo o plo, obj b p l, lo m. O o , ll b bl o mp lo m o obj b p o mo, l obj (.., mll m). Al ll lo ll b m , l ( l ll ll b, ).

The Reactive Force


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6362

Figure 12.E po ql o l mobl, bl obj (.., l p

o bll) om ml, obl o omll.

Key: Stss Actin; Rckstss Reactin.

T pl l ppl o pomo ll lm o . I ommo o o m o obj l m moo ol b l o, .., ol b o mo obj.

I o xmpl, p o po l

o b o obj: pojl . Wl mll pojl lo o m o m p o, lo, o o , m oppo o o mll l ol b bob b oo ol.I po o bob ol pm o mo b l (Figure 13), ommo o o pojl ol ll m ( po bo ), ol o bmo b.

The Reactive Force

Figure 13.I o o o bob, oll mo b ( ), mo pll, m ommo o o pojl

m .

Key: Vr de Aschuss Prir t firing; Geeinsaer Schwerunkt vn Gewehr und Geschss- Cn center f gravity f the rife and rectie; Nach de Aschuss After firing.

The Reacti on VehicleI o o l (Figure 14)

, ol b moo b o o ol. I oll pl, ppoxml ml o m, ol b l, ol lo lmb, . Tol b l o poplo, o, o mo

p. T ol mom o l o p pl l o oll l p o o m( pojl po xmpl) oppo o o omoo pll b l p o m.

I l l p o poplo ll b l l mp p om o om l lbl b plo ol b pobl.I, poplo b ol ll ol b bl o lop b ll xl pp.

Fo o l o p, m o o o p popl o, o o , ll m pobl m b xpll , o o

The Reaction Vehicle


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6564

, xplo po mpl opoll pobl.

To qm, bll lo o xplo b l pobl. I o l b , b l oo omml bo, oll o o: o lo I p obj om m, o I o ppl ; o lb , oppo o ll b

o m l; o po b xplo opl m.

Fmo, o l p o m xpllo lo m l, b m mll pobl xpll p q. W lo obo p m o b xpll lo pobl, olloom mml ll o b , o. A b l oo, l m b q o opol , b popl ol oo jol, om ol b m o l o. Ol popl o mool pobl l om pl po.

Figure 14.A pm l o poplo: T mo b oo o ,

l o o b.

Key: Die agestssenen Massen (hier Geschsse) The eeed asses (in this case therecties); Rckstss Reci; Fahrtrichtung - Directin f trave.

The Reaction Vehicle

The RocketT oo b b m xplo o m

ob b b bl b o l b pm l o ombo o p o o x. I m, m xpll mll pl (moll o ombo ), b ombo b o o p po l po o po.

Figure 15.Fo o lol o. T o b mbl

o o.

Key: Kunstsat Bursting charge; Treisat - Preant; Verrennung des Treisates Custin f the reant; Rckstss der ausstrenden Verrennungsgase Reactin f the escaing custin gases; Sta Guide stick; AusstrendeVerrennungsgase Escaing custin gases.


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6766

T ll o o o p l o p mpl mplmo (Figure 15). I ppo o l o-llb : ll o o o xplo l o pl plo o p o ( , b o xmpl) o po ol l.

T ol mom (l) o o o o p pl l o po o, popll. I o o

ll b o lmb, l ombo p o (o) l b o o po oo poplo o o (p) m pol .

Ho, o ppo o l o op ol, o b , o loo obl om mpl o o.

Previous Researchers Addressingthe Problem o Space Flight

T o ppl bl o poploo p l o . Ao 1660, Fm Co B b ol, o b ,

p l l l b o. No m l, moEl ol I No po o om pobl o b bl o mo o m o po. I 1841, Elm Cl Goll p o o m. Ao 1890, GmHm G l R Tolom ml o pbl o m. Smll, mo F o Jl V o o pplo o o o ppo o poplo, lo ol p. T o p p po b o om, o, l ol b Gm p

Previous Researchers Addressing the Problem o Space Flight

K Lz2.Y ol mo m, o

b pl, ppl om m m m: l o b Poo D. Rob H.Go pp 1919. T o o Poo Hm Ob, Tl Sxo, ollo 1923. A popl po bMx Vl, o om M, po 1924, b D. Wl Hom, om E, 1925. Pblob D. Fz El o Ho, m om V, ollo

1926. N l b Tolo, R poo, pbl 1925 19273.

2 S Co B (16191655) F m o o

l A Vo o Moo, pbl pomol 1656 ol F.

I No (16421727), o o, mo El p mm

o oml ml l o moo, l l ppl

o o opo m o p. Cl Goll p El

1841 o mo po, b o o po. I o l

o p, , Goll ol m bo om ll

o o. A M. Goll l bj o oo o m o

m-po o, o. Hm G (18561934), Gm o

oo bo o po, l p Tolo ( x ooo)

pblz bo p l 1881. Jl V (18281905) F

o boo p m bl o o o. Amo

ol Fom E o Moo (pbl F 1865), l p

po o p . K (lo pll K) Lz (18481910) o ol OTo Pl, pbl Gm 1897, M m o E p p

ll .

3 Ko E. Tolo (18571935), Rob H. Go (18821945), Hm Ob

(18941989) ll oz pm o p. Tolo

Ob, R Rm-Gm b ol, pml o,

Am Poo Go o ol o bo o o b o

lopm . T A Mx Vl (18951930) poplz o Ob

o xploo o o moo mo . Wl Hom (1880

1945), ll E, pbl T Abl o Cll Bo Gm

1925, l ol poblm o p l m o

b ll Hom ob b p ollo llpl ob o p o

Previous Researchers Addressing the Problem o Space Flight


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Alo, l ol, p poblm bbl o l o mo pbo, pp l , pl o omOo Wll Gl o4.

Bo o o o o o o oommo o o , om m b ml o olo o moo o o o p l.

The Travel Velocity and the Eiciencyo Rocket Vehicles

I mpo o o l l lo m o b l bl, b l p l o pl p o poplo. S olmoo o l o o l o xpl p o o m, pomo m b l m ll m , pobl, l ol o l ollo l xplo, b poo o m obl lo. A ll o, o p o o obj moo. I o o mo ppo o b lbl xpll m, m b -- om

(b : -- o moo bo ) olloxplo. I o, o, o , l lo mb o m m lo o xplo, b lo, m bo xplo ( , ll p o l), j o b lo mp

E pl o l l xp o l .

D. Fz o Ho (18821954) ppl o o A So o H-

Al R. H o o popll o o Fom Ao o Sp

Tl T Pobl o Sp Tl, b Wll L, pp Gm 1928.

4 Oo Wll Gl (18961956) Gm o o o ol T

So o I (pbl Gm 1925) T So om Moo ( 1926).

The Travel Velocity and the Eiciency o Rocket Vehicles

o m oppo o xplo (Figure 16). A l o xplo, m bql l o op ll o o ll obj.

Figure 16.T l lo ql o lo o xplo. Coql, lo o xpll m ql zo xplo, b om b

op ll.

Key: Agestssene Massen Eeed asses; Astss-Geschwindigkeit Vecity feusin; Fahrgeschwindigkeit Trave vecity; Wagen it Rckstssantrie Cartwith reactive rusin.

Figure 17.T l lo mll (op m) o l (lo m) lo oxplo. To, xpll m ll poo o lo o xplo (opm) o l lo (lo m) ollo xplo, m lop

ll o o, b .

Key: Agestssene Massen Eeed asses; Astss-Geschwindigkeit Vecity feusin; Fahrgeschwindigkeit Trave vecity; Wagen it Rckstssantrie Cartwith reactive rusin.

The Travel V elocity and the Eiciency o Rocket V ehicles


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U mpo o po, o lo;o l o (ml) o 100 p (Figure16). I l lo , o o , mll o l lo o xplo, o poplool lo b opol lo (Figure 17). I ompll zo oo l om o op poplo.

T b mmll mpl m, om o o b o oo l mpoo qo o o o l. I l

xpo o mplo p : Ro o o xp, ollo oml5

r=(2 )vc

vc

xpo o o o o o

o o b l lo lo oplo .

5

r= =Energy gainedEnergy expended

Energy expended =mc

2

Energy lost = m(c v)

2

Energy expended Energy lostEnergy expended

W m b ob plo m ( ) b p o moo ll

m plo (o o l b , m

o lo o l).

r= = (2 )mc

2mc

2

m(c v)2 v

cvc

The Travel Velocity and the Eiciency o Rocket Vehicles

Tae 1.

Ro o llo o lo

o xplo E o Ro

p(o-p)

0 0 00,01 0,0199 20,05 0,0975 10

0,1 0,19 190,2 0,36 360,5 0,75 750,8 0,96 96

1 1 1001,2 0,96 961,5 0,75 751,8 0,36 362 0 0

2,5 - 1,25 - 1253 - 3 - 3004 - 8 - 8005 - 15 - 1500

I Tae 1, o o omp o o

l o o bo oml. I, o xmpl, o ql o 0.1 (.., =0.1 , l lo ol o- l lo o xplo), o o ol ol b 19 p. Fo = 0.5 ( l lo o-l l lo o plo), olb 75 p, o = 1 ( l lo ql loo xplo) m o po oo ol b 100 p. I o bom 1 ( l lo x lo o xplo), o o m , ll, o = 2 o o zo bom ( l lomo l lo o xplo).

The Travel V elocity and the Eiciency o Rocket V ehicles


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W, , o l o l oql xplo o m pl o ppopombo x o popll o l, , o qm j , l lo mb m pobl o m m x lo(Figure 18). To x, o, q l lo oom o p o popll ,b o mxmm bl x lo.

Figure 18Fo o l, l lo m m pobl b ql o x

lo.

Key: Ausgeuffte Verrennungsgase Ehausted gases f custin; Ausuff-Geschwindigkeit Ehaust vecity; Fahrgeschwindigkeit Trave vecity; Wagen itRaketenantrie Cart with rcket rusin.

T ml qm o o olo bo ll ol o pplo o o l. Ao o l b , lo o plo ol b l pobl.

All, pobl x lo o o mp o , o, l lo m l opol omo l o pobl o lll o o , ppo o ll llbl pl pplo.

T b ll om Tae 2, opo o l lo o lo o xplo

The Travel Velocity and the Eicienc y o Rocket Vehicles The Travel Velocity and the Eicienc y o Rocket Vehicles

Tae 2.

1. 2. 3.

Travelvelocity

v

Efciencyo the reaction

r=(2 )vc vc

Totalefciency

o lpoplo

= o bz lqox

popll

Exp p o ollo loo plo m/:

m/ m/ 1000 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 5000 2000 350040 11 2.2 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4

100 28 4.6 2.8 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.6 1

200 56 11 5.5 4.5 3.8 3.2 2.8 2.2 1.1 2

300 83 16 8 6.5 5.5 4.7 4 3.4 1.6 3

500 140 26 13 11 9 8 7 5.5 2.7 5

700 200 36 19 15 13 11 10 8 4 7

1000 300 51 28 23 19 16 14 12 6 101800 500 75 44 36 31 27 23 19 9 173600 1000 100 75 64 56 50 44 36 15 315400 1500 75 94 84 75 67 60 51 19 427200 2000 0 100 96 89 81 75 64 20 50

9000 2500 - 125 94 100 97 92 86 75 19 5710800 3000 - 300 75 96 100 98 94 84 15 6112600 3500 - 525 44 84 97 100 99 91 9 6214400 4000 - 800 0 64 89 98 100 96 0 6118000 5000 - 1500 - 125 0 56 81 94 100 - 25 5021600 6000 - 300 - 96 0 50 75 96 - 61 3125200 7000 - 520 - 220 - 77 0 44 70 - 111 - 4028800 8000 - 800 - 380 - 175 - 64 0 64 - 160 - 4036000 10000 -1500 - 800 - 440 - 250 - 125 0 - 300 - 16045000 12500 - 1500 - 900 - 560 - 350 - 125 - 350


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7574

m o l mpo l lo (l Colm 1).I b om Colm 2 o bl, l oo, o ooml o poplo lo (o mo l lom p o) bl b o pl.

T o m mo ll , xp Colm 3, ol o. T b o o lo l o o o lo o xplo( l o ombo x o popll). T

lo ol x lo mll lo ol b oll bl b oo popll b lz p. A ll bqlb l,6 pl lzo o popll olpobbl b bo p o ppoxml 60 p. Fo bz, b o xmpl, x lo o 3,500 m p o 62p o o 2,000 m p o 20 p ol l.Colm 3 o Tae 2 o ol o bo ( o ol 62 p /o 20 p o opol Colm 2, o m m).

A b om l, ol o llo o m o lom p o ll o lo ,o pl ppo o qo o oom o mpo, - pl pplo o o poplo l b o o o o om m o o

poo.O o , o bom l

l lo o oo. E pop o xl l, oblb xml obl l ll ,lmo om l lo o o o m po (p o o o o lom p o), b Tae 2.

I , o, b p pll oo o oo l lo o ol

6 S p 40-41 o o o l o o moo.

The Travel Velocity and the Eicienc y o Rocket Vehicles The Travel Velocity and the Eicienc y o Rocket Vehicles

Tae 3.

Klom p om/o

M p om/

Klom p om/

5 1.39 0.0013910 2.78 0.0027830 8.34 0.0083450 13.9 0.013970 19.5 0.019590 25.0 0.0250

100 27.8 0.0278

150 41.7 0.0417200 55.6 0.0556300 83.4 0.0834360 100 0.1500 139 0.139700 195 0.195720 200 0.2

1000 278 0.2781080 300 0.31190 330 0.331800 500 0.52000 556 0.5562520 700 0.73000 834 0.8343600 1000 15400 1500 1.57200 2000 2

9000 2500 2.510800 3000 312600 3500 3.514400 4000 418000 5000 521600 6000 625200 7000 728800 8000 836000 10000 1040300 11180 11.1845000 12500 12.554000 15000 1572000 20000 20


39/116

7776

pobl (o o moo mp p!) o p lo o p ol pl p o poplo,b p bol . Ho o ol oomo o o p b o pbl ml m? A , o, xl lo olpp m o o x, b o l o o lo p , l o o m b. A ll p o o E, oll o p p o lo o 30,000 m

p o, o xp l . Ho, lo l om o lo m lo, ll l.

Tae 3 pm ompo o b m mo l mo o l lo oo om o l l o o om mo oo (lom p o o p l, m olom p o o p l).

The AscentO mpo ompo o p , lo-

l o o p, o E (l) o ol mo l ompo

po: . T p b mpl o pom o poplo m lo,o, o l mpo o o l.

Fo mplm , o ml pobl, p , p ml o mo b7 o bo mom lo o p. I o p , l l l ppoxml l o. D , lmblo, zo, ll ool o o o o poplo m (Figure 19); mo

7 S p 8-9.

The Ascent

pll, l lmb lo ll mxmm lo o lmb o po b o o , l p, oll po p o l ol o b o l.

Figure 19.Vl p o p o.

Key: Steiggeschwindigkeit = 0 Ciing vecity = 0; Steighhe, weche erreicht werdens Ciing atitude that is sused t e reached; Freier Aufstieg (hne Antrie,as Wurf nach aufwrts): die Steiggeschwindigkeit nit ahich a, infge dervergernden Wirkung der Erdschwerkraft Free ascent (withut wer as a huruwards): the ciing vecity decreases graduay as a resut f the deceerating effectf the Earths gravity; Mass fr die Steiggeschwindigkeit in den verschiedenen Hhen Measure fr the ciing vecity at varius atitudes; Steiggeschwindigkeit = Steig Hchstgeschwindigkeit Ciing vecity = highest vecity f ciing; Aufstieg itAntrie: die Steiggeschwindigkeit nit stndig u, dank der escheunigenden Wirkungdes Antriees Pwer ascent: the ciing vecity increases cntinuusy thanks t theacceerating effect f the rusin syste; Start Launch.

The Ascent


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7978

Figure 20.Fl o p o. T xp o o lo .

Key: Freie Kreis-Uaufahn Free circuar rit; Erde Earth; Erddrehung Earthrtatin; Ltrichtung Vertica directin; Schiefe Startrichtung Incined directin faunch; Diese Hhe s gichst gering sein! This atitude shud e as w as ssie!;Aufstiegskurve (eine Eise der Parae) Ascent curve (an eise r araa).

I o , o o , l ol ll, b l (lop) o, m

o o m o l b , mo mpol, o ozol lo l ob lo o obl moo oql bl opo (Figures 5 20). W ll xm po mo l l.

F, o, o xm om o po, l qo: Ho ? Fo lo pl, q l lo ol llb , l o oq l(lmb) lo o p o ll b lo b l o (p o l o l lo) lo o xplo. Aol, o poplo m

The Ascent

m lo b ol po , b , o o po o, o o o o l o lo o l xplo ( Tae1, age 29). Aol b, ll ol b lo, ll lmb lo, ll ll x mxmm ( l lo o b opol l) ll op .

I o o b bl o lz m o oo, o poplo m

m

l o o poplo m b ooo. A b l , o, o o , o lo o xplo , o m o o poplo p, , o o , o l lo o poplo po.

T ollo oml8 po xplo o po:

rm=v'c

e 1

( )

v'c

T bl 4 o o poplo m o o o o l lo o poplo p o lo o xplo x poplo p, , o o . Aol b o

8

'

also: rm=

Mv'2

(M M)2

The average efficiency of the reaction rm=Energy gained

Energy expended

= Kinetic force of the final mass M at the final velocity vKinetic force of the expelled mass (M M) at the velocity of expulsion c

c

W M0 = M ollo l ( p 36):

'

vc

rm= =Mv'

(Me M) cv'c c 1

v'c

The Ascent


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8 18 0

xmpl lo o xplo o = 3,000 m p o o poplo p o l lo o = 3,000m p o ( , o = 1), o poplo m ol b 58 p. I ol b 30 po l lo o = 12,000 m p o ( , = 4), o o. I b ( , o = 1.59) o xmpl, ol 65 p o poplo p llo o = 4,770 m p o.

Tae 4.

Ro o l lo o

lo o xplo :

v'c

A o poplo m m lo p

rm =v'c

e 1

( )v'c

m %

0 0 00.2 0.18 180.6 0.44 441 0.58 58

1.2 0.62 621.4 0.64 64

1.59 0.65 651.8 0.64 64

2 0.63 632.2 0.61 612.6 0.54 543 0.47 474 0.30 305 0.17 176 0.09 97 0.04 4

I b , ll ll o obl p o o o lo o l xplo.

The Ascent

B poblm b o ll , o o xm mpo x pll o . A oo l pl , , l l o ppo (ol b o po, , l blloo, .), ol b poplo m (Figure 21), om o o o o p o o ol xp o (l ompo). A l, mo o popll q o lo b ,o l. T oo l ol l p o

p o , p o lmblo o q ozol ob lo . Too pp, o m lm b ppo b poplo m lo lpopll ompo ll b. W lo mb pl pobl .

Figure 21.A lo l o b ppo () b poplo m ,

o o l b .

Key: Fahrtrichtung (Aufstieg) Directin f fight (ascent); Gesater Rckstss Ttareactive frce; Resticher, escheunigend wirkender Auftrie Reaining rusivefrce avaiae fr acceeratin; Gewicht des Fahreuges Weight f the vehice;Astssungsrichtung (Ausuff) Directin f eusin (ehaust)

The Ascent


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838 2

Figure 22.D o o poplo, o o l o lo o l ( lo) b poplo; o m

ml o l l .

Key: Wirkiche Steigescheunigung Actua acceeratin f ci; R ckstss Reactin;Nraes Gewicht Nra weight; Massentrgheitskraft Frce f inertia; Gesateerhhte Schwerewirkung (geich der gesaten Rckstsskraft des Antriees) Ttaincreased effect f gravity (euas the tta reactive frce f the rusin syste).

Ho, lm oo o p p ppo o b bl o po popl. B llo l l l o l o

o lo ( o poplo m) o oll b o o l o.T o m o l l (Figure 22) m o x ll, p o o j. Compo o b Ob ll b Hom poxp o (.., pl ) l lo o lmb p o 30 m/ m b pbl l . I o o poplo, l o ol b bj o o oo o o m o E oml . Doo m m! I m o l

The Ascent

ol o ppo lmo o m om bo. To, p, l ol m, b p b p ol po poo, o ppoOb p mmo.

T o o lmo m o lo, lmb lo ol b q o ol po om E b ol lo ppoxml 1,600 m p p op b m l . T o lmb o 10,000 m

p o om mo 5 m.T poplo m m b lo. I o pol, l ppo () b poplo m m, mo o E mop ll o b oom. Bo oo, o, o ompo xp o p o olpo om E ll bom j l l lo o o 13,000 m p o ol ob mp ol o l. No lo (o lmxmm lmb lo o 10,000 m p o) l o mo o popll q.

Som mo obl o o pl ll, b o l jo; pl, l o o obl moo

o E lo o pl, o o (pp l o 60 o 100 m bo ll).A ol o o ob lo l o p o lo o l o o ol po om E (, Figure 20).

T l o o E o o o ll poplo m(Figure 23), l, o, l lo o om l lo (om poplo) , oo b pol , ll-b o p o o. T lo l

The Ascent


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8 58 4

lo o b l.Ho, o o obl moo oo

pobl l o p E mo pl o (b o l o l o).Bo oo o o o b o l m b b poplo m, o xp o l. Coql, l loo b mp o l o oll p om E olo 12,000 m p o mplo m,

o o Ob. I m opo, o, ol om loo ll bl lo p m l lo o ppoxml 12,500 m p o.

Figure 23.Alo polo o: 1.) l , 2.) l , 3.) . I llb l lo om 1.) o 3.) bom , p o l lo (o o poplo m). (T lo polo o 2.)

mpz b l.)

Key: Wirkungsrichtung der Antriees Directin f the effect f the rusinsyste; Richtung des wirkichen Aufstiegs Directin f the actua ascent;Schwereescheunigung Acceeratin f gravity; Ideee Bescheunigung Ideaacceeratin; Wirkiche Bescheunigung Actua acceeratin.

The Ascent

Rl o o po, q lo , l lo o pojl l o l lom. T oo bo o p l o lo o o E l bl l l p o , om pll o p o o popl o bo. Cobl lo o lmb b mplo m l m o b l o oo o om.

To om o p , l ll plom po o E pobl, .., om l blloo o o l o om opol mo. Fo l p p, o, ol l opo pobl o , o l olpbl b o oml l.

General Comments About theStructure o the Space Rocket

Copo o o ppo ol pobl o

p p , m pl o l ll lo b om mo o mo. Fo p p, ll, o,b o m o l ompbl

q o p p o x o l o poo o . Nl, mpoqpm ll o l o ll bommo o ll p p.

T xl om o p l ll o b ml o o pojl. T om o pojl b o oom lo b l E mop (pojl lo, o pom!).

Fml o l o o l p o popll . T m m ollo qm:

1.) T x lo pobl b

General Comments About the Structure o the Space Rocket


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8 78 6

oz pol o xplo lo o x m pobl.

2.) T pobl ( p ),o mll ol o o mo o. T, o o , o ,o o , lo o lo bom mll.

3.) T ombo b o ompbl o o .

4.) T l m l pobl.

A p o po o ml ml ( ol popll), o o, ol b mo obo o . T o l ol b ll mpl, ml o o ml o o. I m ol, o ob, bpobl o bl qpm o o pl , ol pl p o ml olo, po o b blo.

Ho o ppo o l o p, pll poo o popl lo o b m pobl, lqpopll ol o mo pop o lopm opo,p obl poblm o p o popll; po ll b l.

T mo mpo ompo o p p o lq popll ollo: poplo m, o popll, b m o l. T poplo m o

p p. T o po b o o-bo o popll o o . To , o pp popll o lo p o o b m o l m (x)o . To b pobl x o :

1.) T m ombo p ool x ombo mb. Fo popll o b j, m,o, b o o ombo mb b oom p. W ll o p o po .

2.) T ombo po o ombomb ool lo p q popll,


pl (o) llo o x ompll m. I , j popll lo plo op. W ll o p oo (o xploo) o .

T m ompo o o p o ollo: ombo mb, lo ll mb, ozzl lo om om ombo mb (Figure24). T ompo x q, p o qm.

Figure 24.T ombo o mb ozzl, m ompo o o

p o moo.

Key: Ausstrende Verrennungsgase Escaing gases f custin; Rckstss Reactive frce; Einstrender Betriestff, . B. Brennstff u. Sauerstff Preantsfwing in, e.g., fue and ygen; Ofen (Verrennungsrau) Custin chaer.

T op ollo: popll (l oxz) o o ombo mb pop bm o op b . D ombo, mll bo o o o l mp lo o p o ombo m lo ombo mb. U o p, o ombo p o o ozzl l lo pol x lo. Tlo o moll o o lo



45/116

8 98 8

l, o, o o o o o (o p, ml o p obj!9), o mo po o o o (Figure 24) ll p l o m o l b l10. T o ob , p, lo o om mll bo l.

So po ol m, m b oll popll j o ombomb. To , , o, , b

pol, popll b opomp o ombo mb. I op ppoo b lbl , ol lo o ppop ll , pop, o, ol ppoblm o l . O, pmp ll o b obo o o p popll q p.

Fmo, l qpm, jo, poo ml q o o-bo lq popll lo b o o bl o ombo. Fll, l m lo m poo o ool o ombo mb ozzl, o ool, .

T m m ml o o p b. A ml o , o o mpl qo lo x o ompbl ml pbl o mp o opo ool opo o ombo

mb ozzl. O o , l o ompo o b o pplbl o o moo.

Smll, oo o xb m ml o l p o b, oo (xploo) b. A l, o mpl popll jo opom lo b p o b lo ml mo ompl .

W p o oo ol b p ol bmo lopm o o moo. Pp,

9 S p 13, F 12.

10 S p 15.


ll lo b, p, o o pl pl pploo moo. I ol o o ol moo o ompll mp p. W m ll opo o obo o o p mo o omo popll. Coql, ll mpoqo: oo o o l oxz.

Figure 25.

Key: Nach geeistete Antrie: Die Rakete ist auf die gewnschte Bewegungsgeschwindigkeitgeracht Fwing a ceted rusin hase: The rcket is rught t the desiredvecity f tin; Verieene Endasse der Rakete Reaining fina ass f thercket.; fr den Antrie verraucht Cnsued fr the rusin; Whrend des Antriees:Die Rakete wird escheunigt During the rusin hase: The rcket is acceerated; Eswird frgesett Raketenasse (nich Betriestff) agestssen Rcket ass (naey,the reants) is cntinuay eeed.; I startereiten Zustand: Die Rakete efindetsich nch in Ruhe In the aunch-ready state: The rcket is at rest.; Anfangsasse derRakete Initia ass f the rcket.



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9190

Ho l, l, mo o popll o bo?W o poplo o o l o lo oll xpl o p o o m ( o , popll ). A poplo m o o m, l m o l ( , ol m l- ) ll b o l m b mo o popllom ( x) m (Figure 25). T l mp, o, ol lo po b m o

mo o popll om, o o plo, l l m mo o popll.

T qo o ollo (Figure 26): Ho l m lm M0 b x l m M ppo o b lo lo o moo o x lo ? T oqo po o qo:

vc

M=2,72 M

Ao o bo, l m M0 o p o ll o blo. T m ol b pbl o mp pol 11 l lmb lo o 12,500m p o, ppoxml o omplpo om E.

M0 = 520 M, o = 2,000 m p o

M0 = 64 M, o = 3,000 m p oM0 = 23 M, o = 4,000 m p oM0 = 12 M, o = 5,000 m p o.

T mpl ollo: o x lo , b o xmpl, 3,000 m p o, l, b o poplo p, m b 64 m popll o popll om. Coql, m p o x ol mo o popll 63 m

11 S p 30-31.


m mp p o, l lo o b po,o xp l: mo o popll 98.5 po ol o l l.

Figure 26.

Key: Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit Vecity f tin; Endasse Fina ass;Ausuffgeschwindigkeit Ehaust vecity; Anfangsasse Initia ass.

A mo o popll o 22 m ol lo x lo 4,000 m p o ol 11 m x lo p o 5,000 m p o. N-x 92 p o ol o l l llo o popll o .

A b ql mpz, xm mpo o xplo (x) lo pobl ll b ozom l. (T lo xpo o pl l o popll !) Ho, ol o o ppo o b pbl o mp mxmm lmb lo o ol po om E m popllp l omp bo. O o , o



47/116

9392

o m (o o l o l m o o: M0M) obl mo obl o o p o pplo (xpll) lo lo lo .

I l om l po o ,ml l ol o b b m o popll p o l /o o . B oxmpl, p o ppo o l lo o = 4,200 m p o x lo o = 3,000 mp o ol o o o m o M0M = 4, o

o o qo. T , o ol o b pbl oo mo o popll 75 p o ol l, pbl l b om l po o .

To b , p o o bo mo opopll o ompl po om E(o o l b , mo o popll 98.5 p o l x lo o = 3,000m p o), ol, o ll pl ppo, o b llz. Fol, m pobl o m l l mpl m: o-ll ppl bo Go Ob oz pl oo o ml ppl o o olo.

I o ppl, l lo ob l o; b , p o

o mlpl (), o l om lo o x l . I, o xmpl, - p o , o o xl bo: bo 3 mll l plo. I om (l plo) lo o bo 2 l (l bo 3 plo) lo o bo 1. D , bo 1 o. A oo p, mp ll opl bo 2 o o. W p, lo mb o bo 3 o l l lo . Ol l o plo.

B l lo o bo po, l o m b bl o ol 1/3 o


ol q l lo. I o 3- p o, ppo o lmb lo o 12,500 mp o o ol po om E, ol l lo o b o o 4,200 m p o oloql b llo o bo. Fo , o, popll p, l mplmbl om po o , o 75 p (o o m M0M = 4) , m pol, x lo o = 3,000 m po, o xmpl. I l bo , o, b

m, o ob x bo pobl o ompl o mbl om ll bo.

A po m, l xm bol l o o m o o l om bo xmpl.Am plo o 10 o o b p om E; l bo m b bl o mp l lo o b po b m. T o bo o l ollo:

Sbo Lo Emp

Fl M

Il M0

3 10 10 10 + 10 = 20 12 4 x 20 = 80 13

2 + 3 80 80 80 + 80 = 160 4 x 160 = 640

1 + 2 + 3 640 640 640 + 640 = 1280 4 x 1280 = 5120

T l o ol p o o o 3 olb 5,120 o, mb o pll mp, o olo pbl o bl, o xmpl, ol 50,000 o. 1213

I o b m o ppl ol ll

12 T l M ql o mp pl lo o

o l popll ompll om.

13 T l M0 , , ql o 4 m l M b, b

pol o xmpl, bo ppo o o m ()M0M = 4.



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9594

b pobl o b l lo, l o. Foll pl ppo , x lmo ll, o o,l, pl bol l o l o oo. Nl, bl poo ppl o ol b mllpobl o bl p o pbl o p om E m lbl o.

T o o m ppl p l oloo o p o b om, b l

o o l o popll o poo. T, o, o l po o.Ill, ol o o pobl pl. Wo ob p o p o oo,l o o, ll o mplo ml opxp ppl: o o poploo ppo o popll p o l bom m b mml l (jo) o o o ll , m m, o o l m . I m,o o, l p o ppo o l lo.

Fom l po o , o o o ol l q l ll l o ll m mpo o p o popll

p ppl. I , ll b p o oo mo mll om om o, b ll p o l, pl ,m b m l pobl. Nl, m o b bl o bo p o m mop o p , o o m o l ml bombl , o, lo xm lo mpo m b xpo.

Moo p p, ompm (ll) m x oo plo p o o ppl o lppo o qpm, ll o o ,


o obo, . T ompm m b-l m opo po m oll ppl o b o m bblmp. All qpm o ooll l lo o ompm, ml ool o l poplo m; o o m, lo, lo, p (l); o m loo, m o o , ml o. E p ( ollo), mmo, . m b lbl. Fll,

mpo o l, p, , . lo bloo qpm o p p.

Proposals To DateT ollo o ommo m o o

pl olo o p poblm:Poo Go mol po, ol b,

popll o p o. H o b pl, b omm ol l p po o j omll o ombo mb, o ml o o m . T o olb ompo o l bo jo o o , oo p, xpo

o bo o plo, lo o. F o ll, o m m lmb o l o l lom. Sbql, lo o o p m o o Moo ol llom o lmo po. W l o Moo, l ppo o , o ol b o llop, o xpm. Rpol, Am N l Go .

T l o pl plm xpm o pbl b Go o lbl; m o o xpm po o m o mb mo Smo Io Wo. H bl o

Proposals To Date


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9796

x lo p o 2,434 m p o p o mol po ppopl p ozzl. D xpm, l 64.5 p o mll bo po, ,o o o o p o ombo.T l ppoxml xp o bll,o o bo 2/3 o o o po b, l m b x , l, lo. Pp, o ombo mb

ozzl b om mpom, o ppoxml 70 p.

To, l o ppoxml 60 p olb xp o poplo m o moo o oo ol lo b oxl qpm ( pmp ml ) ll b o oo. T obl l o l mo 38 p o b ml o o .

I oo o l j oom pol: o o, 14 ol lo b xl o o moo o om l . Bo ompll p om o o m b o m m o o ob ol o l

( j po o l xl ). A xmpl, l o o bz l l Colm 3 o Tae 2, age 32.

D om Go, Poo Ob lqpopll, pml lq o lo lool, bo mo o lq ox o ombo. To-ox mx ll o o (3,780 lo p lom omp o ppoxml1,240 o b mol po) p o o ll ob. Aol, l b x lo.

14 S p 18-19.

Proposals To Date

Ob b bl o ppoxml 3,800-4,200 mp o. I l mll bo o p o oll pobl lm, x lo ol x 5,000 m p o. T l om ombo po.

Uol, l o pl b omp o o o o ll x lo, o o ol o pp o b b mo

bl popll o p o. So o ll ox o pobl ol lq o o o olm.

Ho, mp o lq ox -183, o lq o ol -253 Cl. I obo oom obl ompl l, l qm b mpo o ml o .Aoll, (p ) o o lo lq o ll l o o mo o o .

I o lool, o l omm b Ob, oo pll lm b o b ompllo. I , ox o ombo m lob o bo lq . Ao o Ob, xlo ppoxml 1,530-1,700 m p o o lool,obl lo o o. I o ,

o.D o pop, Ob lool o lq

ox popll o l p o , b o l o E m boom . Ob l o-ollo (.., o o ol m o pojl o o o o pojl) o o o omm, b o po: o m o xp o x lo.15 T , o,

15 Ho, o ppo o, m b pll mpz

p . T o l b bl b b o mpo

Proposals To Date


50/116

9998

lool ox popll.Ob p o , l, xl p o Gm

S-pojl ompo o l bo po o ox (o o) o lool

Figure 27.A lol o o o m o o Ob mll o mol o

mll. T o o o p o lool o.

Key: Faschir Parachute; Behter Tank; Rau fr die Registrierinstruente Sacefr the recrding instruents; Treivrrichtung Prusin syste; Steuerfssen Cntr fins.

op o o ol lo bll ol lo b ppl .

Ho, o opo, l o ll pbl; o mo o

poplo bj o ml oo bll om o o

bll pojl.

Proposals To Date

ox (lool o). Ob lo b mo l oxmpl o p l. O o, o mll, mmol, b qpp ppop o m ppo o pom o l o . T o o l p p opo popl.

T mll mol (Figure 27) o o o o o o p o obl l lool o.Sp o o o m lo blo

o o o. A o lool o, mobl ppo o blz o ool l.T pp 5 m lo, m 56 m m 544 l- .

Figure 28.

T boo o o Obmll o mol.

Figure 29.

L o om bl,o o Ob.

Fmo, o-ll boo o (Figure 28) po 2 m , 1 m m 220 l- . L pl om bl l o 5,500m o mo (Figure 29). Ill boo o, l llb jo, l m o o l o 7,700 m l o lo o 500 m p o (Figure 30). No, o omll: lool o , p opl, o o. F-x o l, lmb lo o 5,140 m p o

Proposals To Date


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1 0110 0

, o m o o, oo poplo, o l l o ppoxml 2,000m . T o E pl b m o l-plo p o p o o o.

Figure 30.T o Ob mll (m) o mol.

Key: Freier Aufstieg is auf 2000 m Hhe Free ascent u t an atitude f 2,000 m;Aufstieg it Auftrie Dauer 56 Sekunden Pwered ascent asting 56 secnds; Die Steig-Hchstgeschwindigkeit vn 5140 m/ ist erreicht The highest ciing vecity f5,140 m/ is attained; Wasserstffrakete Hydrgen rcket; Akhrakete Ach

Proposals To Date

rcket; Hautrakete Main rcket; Hhe 7700 , Steiggeschwindigkeit 500 m/ Atitudef 7,700 , ciing vecity f 500 m/; Hifsrakete Bster rcket; Hhe 5500 ,Steiggeschwindigkeit 0 Atitude f 5,500 , ciing vecity f 0; Aufstieg it Antriedurch die Wasserstffrakete Pwered ascent y the hydrgen rcket; Die eergewrdeneAkhrakete wird agewrfen. Die Wasserstffrakete eginnt u areiten The etyach rcket is ettisned. The hydrgen rcket starts t erate; Aufstieg it Antriedurch die Akhrakete Pwer ascent y the ach rcket; Die eergewrdeneHifsrakete wird agewrfen; die Hautrakete, und war vrerst deren Akhrakete,eginnt u areiten The ety ster rcket is ettisned; the ain rcket, eginningwith its ach rcket, starts t erate; Aufstieg it Antrie durch die Hifsrakete Pwered ascent y the ster rcket; Das startereite Fahreug, an Luftschiffen hngendwie A. 29 The aunch-ready vehice, susended fr dirigies, as shwn in Figure 29.

Figure 31.A lol o o o Ob l o o po popl o

mll. T o o op lool o.

Key: Faschir Parachute; Fahree Cain; Wasserstffehter Hydrgentank; Sauerstffehter Oygen tank; Treivrrichtung Prusin syste;Akhehter Ach tank.

I o o mol, l o p p o po popl (Figure 31), ol o p o lo o o o op lool o .

Proposals To Date


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10 310 2

Figure 32.T o Ob l (m) o mol.

Key: Wagerechte Geschwindigkeit Hrinta vecity; Faschir Parachute;Wasserstffrakete Hydrgen rcket; Akhrakete Ach rcket; Meer Ocean;Steiggeschwindigkeit Ciing vecity; Kae Ca; Aufstieg it Antrie durch dieWasserstffrakete. Diese areitet e nach Zweck (trechter Aufstieg der freier Uauf)

entweder auf Steig- der auf wagerechte Geschw

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