NounsNounsWhat are nouns?What are nouns?

What is a noun?What is a noun? Person – Mom, Dad, Person – Mom, Dad,

Christy, Ed, girl, boyChristy, Ed, girl, boy

Place – London, Place – London, Louisville, home, schoolLouisville, home, school

Thing – bike, desk, car, Thing – bike, desk, car, homeworkhomework

Idea – freedom, Idea – freedom, courage, inspirationcourage, inspiration

Common NounsCommon Nouns

Every day nouns that Every day nouns that are not capitalizedare not capitalized

dogdog catcat deskdesk househouse chairchair carcar bookbook historyhistory

Proper NounsProper Nouns

Names a specific Names a specific person, place, or person, place, or thingthing

Mrs. SmithMrs. Smith LondonLondon AsiaAsia AfricaAfrica Pontiac Grand PrixPontiac Grand Prix DecemberDecember ThanksgivingThanksgiving Civil WarCivil War

Names a specific Names a specific person, place, or person, place, or thingthing

Concrete or Abstract Concrete or Abstract NounsNouns

Concrete – anything Concrete – anything that appeals to the that appeals to the senses: person, senses: person, place, thingplace, thing

Abstract – cannot be Abstract – cannot be sensed, it is hard to sensed, it is hard to understand (like understand (like abstract art): ideaabstract art): idea

Collective NounsCollective Nouns

A collective noun A collective noun is a singular noun is a singular noun that refers to many that refers to many things.things.

HerdHerd ClassClass SenateSenate CongressCongress

ChoirChoir SchoolSchool TeamTeam

SINGULAR NOUNSSINGULAR NOUNS

Singular nouns refer to ONE item.Singular nouns refer to ONE item. Singular nouns need singular verbs Singular nouns need singular verbs

((singular verbs end with “s”.)singular verbs end with “s”.)

Most singular nouns do not end in “S”.Most singular nouns do not end in “S”. Some singular nouns do end in “S”, like Some singular nouns do end in “S”, like

scissors.scissors.

Example Singular NounsExample Singular Nouns

The tree is tall.The tree is tall. Subject – singular treeSubject – singular tree Verb – singular isVerb – singular is The fish swims in circles.The fish swims in circles. Subject – singular fishSubject – singular fish Verb – singular swimsVerb – singular swims

Plural NounsPlural Nouns

Plural nouns refer to more than one item.Plural nouns refer to more than one item. Plural nouns need plural verbs (Plural nouns need plural verbs (plural verbs plural verbs

do not end with “S”.)do not end with “S”.)

Most plural nouns end with “S.” Some Most plural nouns end with “S.” Some plural nouns are irregular (plural nouns are irregular (women, men, children, women, men, children, mice)mice)

Ways to Make Nouns Ways to Make Nouns PluralPlural

If it is a normal noun, If it is a normal noun, just add “S”.just add “S”.

If the noun ends in If the noun ends in “S, X, Z, CH, or SH” “S, X, Z, CH, or SH” add “ES”.add “ES”.

If it ends with a If it ends with a consonant then “Y”, consonant then “Y”, change the “Y” to “I” change the “Y” to “I” and add “ES”.and add “ES”.

desk = desks desk = desks

bench = benchesbench = benches

country = countries country = countries

Ways to Make Nouns Ways to Make Nouns PluralPlural

If the noun ends with If the noun ends with a vowel plus “Y”, just a vowel plus “Y”, just add “S”.add “S”.

If the noun ends with If the noun ends with a vowel plus “O”, just a vowel plus “O”, just add “S”.add “S”.

If the noun ends with If the noun ends with a consonant and “O”, a consonant and “O”, add “ES”.add “ES”.

holiday – holidaysholiday – holidays

rodeo = rodeosrodeo = rodeos

tomato = tomatoestomato = tomatoes

Ways to Make Nouns Ways to Make Nouns PluralPlural

Some nouns are Some nouns are irregular. They do irregular. They do not follow a rule.not follow a rule.

Some nouns are the Some nouns are the same in the singular same in the singular and plural.and plural.

Numbers and letters Numbers and letters add apostrophe “S”.add apostrophe “S”.

woman = womenwoman = women man = menman = men

deer, moose,sheepdeer, moose,sheep

A’s, 5’sA’s, 5’s

Example Plural NounsExample Plural Nouns

The trees are tall.The trees are tall. Subject – plural treesSubject – plural trees Verb – plural areVerb – plural are The fish swim in circles.The fish swim in circles. Subject – plural fishSubject – plural fish Verb – plural swimVerb – plural swim The children learn a lot The children learn a lot

at school.at school. Subject – plural childrenSubject – plural children Verb – plural learnVerb – plural learn

Possessive NounsPossessive Nouns

Possessive nouns show ownership.Possessive nouns show ownership.

How to Make a Noun How to Make a Noun PossessivePossessive

If it is a singular If it is a singular noun, add noun, add apostrophe and “S”.apostrophe and “S”.

If it is a plural noun If it is a plural noun that does not end that does not end with “S”, add with “S”, add apostrophe and “S”.apostrophe and “S”.

If it is a plural noun If it is a plural noun ending with “S”, just ending with “S”, just add apostrophe.add apostrophe.

Class = class’sClass = class’s

Children = children’sChildren = children’s

Classes = classes’Classes = classes’

Compound NounsCompound Nouns

Two or more words Two or more words combined to make combined to make one word.one word.

They can be spelled They can be spelled as one word. as one word.

They can be spelled They can be spelled as two separate as two separate words.words.

They can be They can be hyphenated words.hyphenated words.

PaintbrushPaintbrush

Dog houseDog house

Mother-in-lawMother-in-law

Plural Compound NounsPlural Compound Nouns

To make a compound To make a compound noun plural, add the noun plural, add the appropriate ending to the appropriate ending to the word you want to make word you want to make plural. plural.

For example – you may For example – you may have more than one have more than one brother-in-law so it will be brother-in-law so it will be brothers-in-law. The laws brothers-in-law. The laws are not plural.are not plural.

The Jobs of NounsThe Jobs of Nouns

SubjectSubject Predicate NounPredicate Noun Direct ObjectDirect Object Indirect ObjectIndirect Object Object of PrepositionObject of Preposition

SubjectSubject

The main idea of the sentence.The main idea of the sentence. The main idea of the sentence.The main idea of the sentence.

Example SubjectExample Subject

My favorite place to My favorite place to visit is London.visit is London.

Subject = placeSubject = place

Predicate NounPredicate Noun

Noun or pronounNoun or pronoun Renames or defines the subjectRenames or defines the subject After a linking verbAfter a linking verb

Example P.N.Example P.N.

My favorite place to My favorite place to visit is London.visit is London.

P.N. = LondonP.N. = London

Direct ObjectDirect Object

Noun or pronounNoun or pronoun Follows an action verbFollows an action verb Answers the questions What? or Whom?Answers the questions What? or Whom? YOU DO NOT HAVE TO HAVE AN I.O.YOU DO NOT HAVE TO HAVE AN I.O.

Example D.O.Example D.O.

He played the piano He played the piano nicely.nicely.

D.O. = pianoD.O. = piano

Indirect ObjectIndirect Object

Noun or pronounNoun or pronoun Follows an action verbFollows an action verb Comes before a direct objectComes before a direct object Answers the questions To Whom?, To Answers the questions To Whom?, To

What?, For Whom?, or For What?What?, For Whom?, or For What? YOU MUST HAVE A D.O. to have an I.O.YOU MUST HAVE A D.O. to have an I.O.

Example I.O.Example I.O.

She gave him an ice She gave him an ice cream cone.cream cone.

D.O. = coneD.O. = cone I.O. = himI.O. = him

Object of PrepositionObject of Preposition

Noun or pronounNoun or pronoun Follows a prepositionFollows a preposition Completes a prepositional phraseCompletes a prepositional phrase

Example O.P.Example O.P.

She sat in the car for a She sat in the car for a long time.long time.

1. Preposition = in1. Preposition = in 1. Prepositional phrase = 1. Prepositional phrase =

in the carin the car 1. O.P. = car1. O.P. = car 2. Preposition = for2. Preposition = for 2. Prepositional phrase = 2. Prepositional phrase =

for a long timefor a long time 2. O.P. = time2. O.P. = time

Review Jobs of NounsReview Jobs of Nouns

SubjectSubject Predicate NounPredicate Noun Direct ObjectDirect Object Indirect ObjectIndirect Object Object of PrepositionObject of Preposition

O.P. or AppositiveO.P. or Appositive

An object of the preposition follows a An object of the preposition follows a preposition. Ex. We wrote about our preposition. Ex. We wrote about our teacher. Teacher is the object of the teacher. Teacher is the object of the preposition “about.” preposition “about.”

An appositive is set off with commas and An appositive is set off with commas and defines a noun in front of it. Ex. Ms. defines a noun in front of it. Ex. Ms. Berger, our teacher, is awesome. Teacher Berger, our teacher, is awesome. Teacher is the appositive that define Ms. Berger.is the appositive that define Ms. Berger.