NP Thay Manh

7/30/2019 NP Thay Manh

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NG PHP THY MNH

+1. Ch ng (subject). 7

1.1 Danh t m c v khng

m c. 1.2 Qun t a (an) v

the

1.3 Cch s dng Other v another.

1.4 Cch s dng litter/ a litter, few/

a few 1.5 S hu cch

1.6 Some, any

+2. ng t ( verb)2.1 Hin ti (present)

2.1.1 Hinti n gin (simple present)

2.1.2 Hin ti tip din (present progressive)

2.1.3 Present perfect ( hin ti hon thnh)

2.1.4 Hin ti hon thnh tip din ( preset perfect progressive)

2.2 Qu kh ( Past)

2.2.1 Qu kh n gin (simple past)

2.2.2 Qu kh tip din (Past progresive).

2.2.3 Qu kh hon thnh (past perfect).

2.2.4 Qu kh hon thnh tip din (past perfect progressive).

2.3 Tng lai

2.3.1 Tng lai n gin (simple future)

2.3.2 Tng lai tip din ( future progressive)

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2.3.3 Tng lai hon thnh (future perfect)

+3. S ho hp gia ch ng v

ng t.

3.1 Ch ng ng tch khi

ng t.

3.2 Cc danh t lun i hi ng t v

i t s it. 3.3 Cch s dng none, no

3.4 Cch s dng cu trc either ... or v

neither ... nor. 3.5 Cc danh t tp th

3.6 Cch s dng A number of/ the

number of

3.7 Cc danh t lun dng s nhiu.

3.8 Cch dng cc thnh ng There is,

there are

+4. i t 4.1 i t nhn xng ch ng (Subjectpronoun) 4.2 i t nhn xng tn ng

4.3 Tnh t s hu

4.4 i t s hu

4.5 i t phn thn (reflexive

pronoun) +5. ng t dng lm tnng

5.1 ng t nguyn th lm

tn ng 5.2 Ving dng lm

tn ng

5.3 3 ng t c bit

5.4 Cc ng t ng ng sau gii t
http://nguyencuong229.tk/http://nguyencuong229.tk/


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5.5 Vn i t i trc ng t nguyn th hoc Ving

lm tn ng. +6. Cch s dng ng t bn khim

khuyt need v dare

6.1 need

Try .and ..Acquire 3


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6.2 Dare

+7. Cch dng ng t to be +

infinitive +8. Cu hi

8.1 Cu hi yes v

no

8.2 Cu hi thng

bo

8.2.1 who v what lm ch ng.

8.2.2 Whom v what l tn ng ca cu hi

8.2.3 Cu hi dnh cho cc b ng (when, where, why, how)

8.3 Cu hi gin tip (embedded

questions) 8.4 Cu hi c ui

+9. Li ni ph ho khng nh v

ph nh. 9.1 Li ni ph ho khng

nh.9.2 Li ni ph ho ph nh

+10. Cu ph nh

+11. Mnh lnh thc11.1 Mnh lnh thc trc tip.

11.2 Mnh lnh thc gin tip.

+12. ng t khim khuyt.12.1 Din t thi tng lai.

12.2 Din t cu iu kin.

12.2.1 iu kin c th thc hin c thi hin ti.

12.2.2 iu kin khng th thc hin c thi hin ti.

12.2.3 iu kin khng th thc hin c thi qu kh.
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12.2.4 Cc cch dng c bit ca Will, would v sould trong cc mif

+13. Cch s dng thnh ng as if, as though.13.1 Thi hin ti.

13.2 Thi qu kh.

+14. Cch s dng ng t To hope v to wish.

14.1 Thi tng lai.

14.2 Thi hin ti

14.3 Thi qu kh.+15. Cch s dng thnh ng used to v get/be used to

15.1 used to.

15.2 get / be used to.

+16. Cch s dng thnh ng Would rather

16.1 Loi cu c mt ch ng.

16.2 Loi cu c 2 ch ng

+17. Cch s dng Would Like

+18. Cch s dng cc ng t khim khuyt din t cc trng

hinti.

18.1 Could/may/might.

18.2 Should18.3 Must

+19. Cch s dng cc ng t khim khuyt din t cctrng thi thi qu kh.

+20. tnh t v ph t (adjective and

adverb). +21. ng t ni.


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+22. So snh ca tnh t v danh t

22.1 So snh bng.

22.2 So snh hn, km

22.3 So snh hp l

22.4 Cc dng so snh c bit

22.5 So snh a b

22.6 So snh kp (cng th cng)

22.7 No sooner ... than (va mi ... th; chng bao lu ... th)

+23. Dng nguyn, so snh hn v so snh

hn nht. +24. Cc danh t lm chc nng

tnh t

+25. Enough vi tnh t, ph t v danh t

+26. Cc t ni ch nguyn nhn

26.1 Because/ because of

26.2 Mc ch v kt qu (so that- )26.3 Cause and effect

+27. Mt s t ni mang tnh iu kin

+28. Cu b ng

+29. ng t gy nguyn nhn

29.1 Have/ get / make

29.2 Let

29.3 Help

+30. Ba ng t c bit

+31. Cu trc phc hp v i t quan h thay th

31.1 That v Which lm ch ng ca cu ph

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31.2 That v wich lm tn ng ca cu ph

31.3 Who lm ch ng ca cu ph

31.4 Whom lm tn ng ca cu ph

31.5 Mnh ph bt buc v mnh ph khng bt buc

31.6 Tm quan trng ca du phy trong mnh ph

31.7 Cch s dng All / both/ several / most ... + of + whom / whic

31.8 What v whose

+32. Cch loi b cc mnh ph

+33. Cch s dng phn t 1 trong mt s trng

hp c bit +34. Cch s dng nguyn mu hon

thnh

+35. Nhng cch s dng khc ca that

35.1 That vi t cch ca mt lin t (rng)

35.2 Mnh c that

+36. Cu gi nh

36.1 Cu gi nh dng would rather that

36.2 Cu gi nh dng vi ng t trong bng.

36.3 Cu gi nh dng vi tnh t

36.4 Dng vi mt s trng hp khc

36.5 Cu gi nh dng vi it is time

+37. Li ni bao hm

37.1 Not only ... but also (khng nhng ... m cn)

37.2 As well as (cng nh, cng nh l)

37.3 Both ... and ( c ... ln )

+38. Cch s dng to know v to know how



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+39. Mnh nhng b

39.1 Despite / in spite of (mc d)

39.2 although, even though, though

+40. Nhng ng t d gy nhm ln

+41. Mt s ng t c bit khc.

Phn II

Ting Anh vitI. Cc li thng gp trong ting anh vit

+42. S ho hp ca thing t

+43. Cch s dng to say, to

tell

+44. T i trc gii thiu

+45. i t nhn xng one v

you

+46. Cch s dng phn t m u cho mnh ph

46.1 V+ing m u mnh ph

46.2 Phn t 2 m u mnh ph ch b ng

46.3 ng t nguyn th ch mc ch m u cho mnh p

46.4 Ng danh t hoc ng gii t m u mnh ph ch stng ng

+47. Phn t dng lm tnh t

47.1 Dng phn t 1 lm tnh t

47.2 Dng phn t 2 lm tnh t

+48. Tha (redundancy)


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+49. Cu trc cu song song

+50. Thng tin trc tip v thng tin gin tip

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50.1 Cu trc tip v cu gin tip

50.2 Phng php chuyn i t cu trc tip sang cu gin t

50.3 ng t vi tn ng trc tip v tn ng gin tip

+51. Ph t o ln u cu

+52. Cch chn nhng cu tr li

ng +53. Nhng t d gy

nhm ln

+54. Cch s dng gii t

54.1 During - trong sut (hnh ng xy ra trong mt quung thigian)

54.2 From (t) >< to (n)

54.3 Out of (ra khi) >< into (di vo)

54.4 by

54.5 In ( trong, ti) - ngha xc nh hn at

54.6 on54.7 at - ti (thng l bn ngoi, khng xc nh bng in)

+55. Ng ng t

+56. S kt hp ca cc danh t, ng t v tnh t vi cc gii t

GRAMMAR REVIEW

Cu trc cu ting Anh

Subject + Verb as predicate + Complement + Modifier.Ch ng ng t v ng tn ng b ng

1. Ch ng (subject)

ng u cu lm ch ng v quyt nh vic chia ng t.


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Ch ng c th l 1 cm t, 1 ng t nguyn th (c to), 1 V+ing, songnhiu nht vn l 1 danh

t v 1 danh t c lin quan ti nhng vn sau:

1.1 Danh t m c v khng m c.- Danh t m c c th c dng vi s m do c hnh thi s t, snhiu. N c th dng c dng vi a (an) v the.- Danh t khng m c khng dng c vi s m do n khng c hnhthi s nhiu. Do , n khng dng c vi a (an).

- Mt s cc danh t m c c hnh thi s nhiu c bit v d:

person - people woman - women

mouse - mice foot - feet

tooth - teeth man - men.

-Sau y l mt s danh t khng m c m ta cn bit.

Sand soap physics mathematics

News mumps Air politics

measles information Meat homework

food economics advertising* money

* Mc d advertising l danh t khng m c, nhng advertisement li l

danh t m c.

V d:There are too many advertisements during

television shows.

There is too much advertising during television

shows.

- Mt s danh t khng m c nh food, meat, money, sand, water, i lcc dng nh cc danh t m c ch cc dng khc nhau ca loi danh t.

V d:

This is one of the foods that my doctor has forbiddenme to eat.(ch ra mt loi thc n c bit no )

He studies meats

( chng hn pork, beef, lamb. vv...)

Bng sau l cc nh ng dng c vi danh t m c v khng m c.

Danh t m c (with count noun) Danh t khng m c (with non-count noun)

a (an), the, some, any the, some, any

this, that, these, those, this, thatnone,one,two,three,... non


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many much (thng dng trong cu ph nh hoc cu ha lot of a lot of

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plenty ofa large number of a large amount of a great number of, a great many of.a great deal of(a) few (a) littlefew ... than less ... thanmore ... than more ... than

- Danh t time nu dng vi ngha thi gian l khng m c nhng nu dng vingha s ln hoc thi i li l danh t m c.

V d:

We have spent too much time on this

homework.

She has been late for class six times this

semester.

1.2 Qun t a (an) v the1- a v an

an - c dng:

- trc 1 danh t s t m c bt u bng 4 nguyn m (vowel) a, e, i, o

- hai bn nguyn m u, y

- cc danh t bt u bng

h cm. v d: u : an uncle.h : an hour

- hoc trc cc danh t vit tt c c nh 1 nguyn m.

V d: an L-plate, an SOS, an MP

a : c dng:

- trc 1 danh t bt u bng ph m (consonant).

- dng trc mt danh t bt u bng uni.

a university, a uniform, a universal, a union.

- trc 1 danh t s t m c, trc 1 danh t khng xc nh c th vmt c im, tnh cht, v tr hoc c nhc n ln u trong cu.

- c dng trong cc thnh ng ch s lng nht nh.

V d : a lot of, a couple, a dozen, a great many, a great deal of.

- dng trc nhng s m nht nh, c bit l ch hng

trm, hng ngn. V d: a hundred, a thousand.- trc half khi n theo sau 1 n v nguyn vn.

V d: a kilo and a half v cng c th c l one and

a half kilos. Ch : 1 /2 kg = half a kilo ( khng c a trc half).

- dng trc half khi n i vi 1 danh t khc to thnh

t ghp.

V d : a half-holiday na k ngh, a half-share : na

c phn.

- dng trc cc t s nh 1/3, 1 /4, 1/5, = a third, a quarter, a fifth hay one third, onefourth,

one fifth .- Dng trong cc thnh ng ch gi c, tc , t l.


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V d: five dolars a kilo; four times a day.

- Dng trong cc thnh ng trc cc danh t s t m c, dng trong

cu cm thn. V d: Such a long queue! What a pretty girl!

Nhng: such long queues! What pretty girls.

- a c th c t trc Mr/Mrs/Miss + tn h

(surname): V d: a Mr Smith, a Mrs Smith, a Miss

Smith.

a Mr Smith ngha l ngi n ng c gi l Smith v ng l ng ta lngi l i vi ngi ni. Cn nu khng c a tc l ngi ni bit ng Smith.

2- The

- c s dng khi danh t c xc nh c th v tnh cht, c im, v trhoc c nhc n ln th 2 trong cu.

- The + noun + preposition + noun.

V d : the girl in blue; the man with a banner; the gulf of Mexico; the United States ofAmerica.

- The + danh t + i t quan h + mnh ph

V d: the boy whom I met; the place where I met him.

- Trc 1 danh t ng ch mt vt

ring bit. V d: She is in the garden.

- The + tnh t so snh bc nht hoc s t th t

hoc only way. V d : The first week; the only way.

- The + dt s t tng trng cho mt nhm th vt hoc vt th c th b thev i danh t sang snhiu.

V d: The whale = Whales, the shark = sharks, the deep-freeze = deep - freezes.

Nhng i vi danh t man (ch loi ngi) th khng c qun t (a,

the) ng trc. V d: if oil supplies run out, man may have to fall

back on the horse.

- The + danh t s t ch thnh vin ca mt nhm

ngi nht nh.

V d: the small shopkeeper is finding life increasingly

difficult.

- The + adj i din cho 1 lp ngi, n khng c hnh thi s nhiu nhng ccoi l 1 danh t s nhiu v ng t sau n phi c chia ngi th 3 s nhiu.

V d: the old = ngi gi ni chung; The disabled = nhng ngi tn tt; Theunemployed = nhng ngi tht nghip.

- Dng trc tn cc khu vc, vng u ni ting v mt a

l hoc lch s. V d: The Shahara. The Netherlands. The

Atlantic.

- The + East / West/ South/ North +

noun. V d: the East/ West end.

The North / South Pole.

Nhng khng c dng the trc cc t ch phng hng ny, nu n i km vitn ca mt khu vc a l.

V d: South Africal, North Americal, West Germany.- The + tn cc hp xng, cc dn nhc c in, cc ban nhc


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ph thng. V d: the Bach choir, the Philadenphia Orchestra, the

Beatles.

- The + tn cc t bo ln/ cc con tu bin/ khinh kh cu.

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V d: The Titanic, the Time, the Great Britain.

- The + tn h s nhiu c ngha l gia nh h nh ...

V d: the Smiths = Mr and Mrs Smith (and their children) hay cn gi l gia nh nh

- The + Tn s t + cm t/ mnh c th c s dng phn bit nginy vi ngi khc cng tn.

V d: We have two Mr Smiths. Which do you want? I want the Mr Smith who signed this- Khng dng the trc 1 s danh t nh Home, church, bed, court, hospital, prison,school, college, university khi n i vi ng t v gii t ch chuyn ng (ch iti lm mc ch chnh).

V d: He is at home. I arrived home before dark. I sent him home.

to bed ( ng)

to church ( cunguyn)to court ( kintng)

We go to hospital (cha bnh)to prison (i t)to school / college/ university ( hc)

Tng tin bedat church

We can be in courtin hospitalat school/ college/ university

We can be / get back (hoc be/ get home) from school/ college/university.

leave schoolWe can leave hospital

be released from prison.

Vi mc ch khc th phi

dng the.

V d:

I went to the church to see the stained glass.

He goes to the prison sometimes to give

lectures.

Student go to the university for a classparty.

SeaGo to sea (thy th i bin)

to be at the sea (hnh khch/ thu th i trn bin)

Go to the sea / be at the sea = to go to/ be at the seaside : i

tm bin, ngh mt. We can live by / near the sea.

Work and office.

Work (ni lm vic)

c s dng khng c the trc. Go to work.


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nhng office li phi c the.



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Go to the office.

V d:

He is at / in the office.

Nu to be in office (khng c the) ngha l

ang gi chc. To be out of office - thi gi

chc.

Town

The c th b i khi ni v th trn ca ngi ni hoc

ca ch th.

V d:

We go to town sometimes to buy

clothes. We were in town last

Monday.Go to town / to be in town - Vi mc ch chnh l i mua hng.

Bng dng the v khng dng the trong mt s trng hp c bit.

Dng the Khng dng the

Trc cc i dng, sng ngi, bin,vnh v

cc h s nhiu.V d:

The Red sea, the Atlantic Ocean, thePersian Gulf, the Great Lackes.

Trc tn cc duyni.

V d:The Rockey Moutains. Trc tn 1 vt th duy nht trn thgii hoc

v tr.V d:

The earth, the moon, the Great Wall Trc School/college/university + of+ noun

V d:The University of Florida.The college of Arts and

Sciences. Trc cc s th t + noun.

V d:The first worldwar.

The thirdchapter. Trc cc cuc chin tranh khu vcvi iu

kin tn cc khu vc phi ctnh t ho.

V d:The Korean war.

Trc tn cc nc c t 2ln. Ngoi

tr Great Britain.

V d:The United States, the Kingdom, the Central Republic.

Trc tn cc nc c coi l

qun o.


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Trc tn 1 h (hay cc h s

V d:Lake Geneva, Lake Erie

Trc tn 1 ngn niV d:Mount MckinleyTrc tn cc hnh tinh hoc cc chm

V d:

Venus, Mars, Earth, Orion.

Trc tn cc trng ny khi trc n l 1

ring.V d:Coopers Art school, Stetsonversity.

Trc cc danh t m sau n l 1 sm.

V d:World waronechapterthree. Khng nn dng trc tn cc cucchin

tranh khu vc nu tn khu vc nguyn.

Trc tn cc nc c 1 t nh :Sweden,

Venezuela v cc nc c ngtrc bi

new hoc tnh t ch phng

hng.

V d: New Zealand, South

Africa.

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V d: The Philipin. Trc tn cc lc a, tiu bang, tnh, thnph, qun, huyn.

Trc cc ti liu hoc s kin mang tnh lch V d: Europe, California.s. Trc tn bt c mn th thao no.V d: The constitution, the Magna Carta. V d:

Trc tn cc nhm dn tc thiu s. Base ball, basket ball.

V d: Trc tn cc danh t mang tnh tru tngThe Indians, the Aztecs. tr nhng trng hp c bit.

Nn dng trc tn cc nhc c. V d: Freedom, happiness.V d: Trc tn cc mn hc chung.

To play the piano. V d: Trc tn cc mn hc c th. Mathematics, Sociology.

V d: Trc tn cc ngy l, tt.The applied Math. V d:The theoretical Physics. Christmas, thanksgiving.

1.3 Cch s dng Other v another.

Hai t ny tuy ging nhau v mt ng ngha nhng khc nhau v mt ng php.

Dng vi danh t m c Dng vi danh t khng m c

another + dt2 s it = 1 ci na, 1ci khc, 1

ngi na, 1 ngi khc.V d: another pencil

other + dt2 s nhiu = my cina, my ci

khc, my ngi na, my ngi khc.V d: other pencils = some more.

the other + dt

2

s nhiu =nhng ci cuicng, nhng ngi cui cng cn li.

V d: the other pencils = allremaining pencils

the other + dt 2s t = ngi cuicng, ci

cui cng ca 1 b, 1 nhm. other + dt khng 2 = 1 chtna.

V d: other water = some morewater.

other beer = some more beer. the other + dt khng 2 = ch cnst li.

V d:The other beer = the remaining beer.

(ch bia cn li)

- Another v other l khng xc nh trong khi the other l xc nh. Nu danh thoc ch ng trn u c hiu hoc c nhc n, ch cn dng another vother nh 1 i t l .

V d:I dont want this book. Please give me another.

- Nu danh t c thay th l s nhiu th other c s dng theo 1 trong 2 cch(other + nouns hoc others) m khng bao gi c s dng (others + DTSN).

- C th dng i t thay th one hoc ones cho danh t sau another, the other v othe

Lu rng this v that c th dng vi i t one nhng these v those tuyt i khng dones.

1.4 Cch s dng litter/ a litter, few/ a few- Little + dt khng m c : rt t, hu

nh khng.

V d:


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There is little water in the bottle.

I have little money, not enough to buy groceries.



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- A little + dt khng m c: c 1 cht,

dng.

V d:

I have a little money, enough to buy a ticket.

- few + dt m c s nhiu : c rt t,

khng .V d:

She has few books, not enough for references.

- a few + dt m c s nhiu : c mt

t, .

V d:

She has a few books, enough to read.

- Nu danh t trn u c nhc n th di ch cn dng (a) few v (a)

little nh 1 i t l .

V d:Are you ready in money? Yes, a little.

- quite a few = quite a lot = quite a bit = kh nhiu.

- only a few = only a little = c rt t ( nhn mnh).

1.5 S hu cch

The + nouns + noun.

- Ch c dng trong cc danh t ch ngi hoc ng vt, khng dng

cho bt ng vt.

V d:

The studentsbook.

The cats legs.

- Nu c 2 danh t cng ng s hu cch th danh t no ng gn danh t bs hu nht s mang du s hu.

V d:

Tom and Marks house.

- i vi nhng danh t s nhiu u c s th ch cn

t du l .

V d:The students books.

- Nhng i vi nhng danh t c s nhiu c bit khng c s ti ui vn phidng nguyn du shu.

V d:

The childrens toys.

- N c dng cho thi gian (nm thng, th k, thin

nin k.)

V d:

The 1980 events.The 21 st centurys prospect.


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- N c dng cho cc ma trong nm ngoi tr ma Xun v ma Thu. N u dng shu cch cho ma Xun v ma Thu tc l ta ang nhn cch ho ma .

V d:

The summers hot

days.

The winters cold

days.

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The springs coming back = Nng Xun

ang tr v.

The autunms leaving = s ra i ca Nng

Thu.

Trng hp ny hin nay t dng. i vi mt s danh t bt ng vt ch dng trong1 s trng hp tht c bit khi danh t nm trong cc thnh ng.V d:

A stones throw.

- i khi i vi nhng danh t ch ni chn hoc a im ch cn dng shu cch cho danh t m khng cn danh t theo sau.

V d:

At the

hairdressers

At the butchers

1.6 Some, anysome v any ngha l1 s hoc 1 lng nht nh. Chng c s dng vi (hoc thaccdanh t s nhiu hoc danh t khng m c.+ Some l dng s nhiu ca a/an v one:

V d: Have a biscuit/some biscuits. I ate a date/ some dates.

+ some, any of + the/ this/ these/ those/ i t ring/ i t s hu.

V d: Some of the staff can speak Japaneses.

Did any of your photos come out

well? + some c s dng vi :

- Cc ng t th

khng nh.

V d:

They bought some honey.

- Trong cc cu hi m c cu tr li

l yes.

V d:

Did some of you sleep on the floor? ( Ngi ni ch i cu tr li l yes)

- Trong cc cu ngh v yu cu:

V d:Would you like some wine?

Could you do some typing for

me? + any c s dng:

- Vi ng t th ph

nh

V d:

I havent any matches.

- Vi hardly, barely, scarely ( cc ph t ny u mang

ngha ph nh)V d:


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I have hardly any spare time.

- Vi without khi without any ... = with

no ...

V d:



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He crossed the frontier without any difficulty/ with no difficulty.

- Vi cc cu hi

Have you got any

fish?

Did he catch any

fish?- Sau if/ whether cc thnh ng mang tnh

nghi ng.

V d:

If you need any more money, please let

me know. I dont think there is any petrol

in the tank.

2. ng t ( verb)

ng t trong ting Anh chia lm 3 thi chnh:- Qu kh.

- Hin ti.

- Tng lai.

Mi thi chnh li chia ra lm nhiu thi nh xc nh chnh xc thi gian ca hnh

2.1 Hin ti (present)

2.1.1Hinti n gin (simple present)

Khi chia ng t ngi th 3 s t, phi c s ui v vn

phi c c ln.V d:

John walks to school everyday.

- N dng din t 1 hnh ng xy ra thi im hin ti, khng xc nhc th v mt thi gian v hnh ng lp i lp li c tnh quy lut.

- N thng dng vi 1 s ph t nh: now, present day, nowadays. c bit l1 sph t ch tn sut hot ng: often, sometimes, always, frequently.

V d:

They understand the problem now.

Henry always swims in the evening.

(thi quen) We want to leave now.Your cough sounds bad.

2.1.2Hin ti tip din (present progressive)

amSubject + is + [verb +ing ]...

are

- N dng din t 1 hnh ng ang xy ra thi hin ti. Thi gian cxc nh c th bng cc ph t nh now, right now, presently.

- N dng thay th cho thi tng

lai gn.V d:


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He is learning in the US.

18 Try and acquire


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Lu : phn bit tng lai gn v hnh ng ang xy ra cn cn c

vo ph t trong cu)

V d:

The committee members are examining the material now. ( hin ti ang kim tra)

George is leaving for France tomorrow. (tng lai gn - s ri ti Php vo ngy mai)

2.1.3Present perfect ( hin ti hon thnh)

Have + P2- Dng din t 1 hnh ng u xy ra trong 1 qu kh ko di v chm dt hin ti. Thi gian trong cu hon ton khng xc nh.

- Ch 1 hnh ng xy ra nhiu ln trong qu kh ko di ti hin ti.

- Dng vi 2 gii t for v since + thi gian.

- Dng vi already trong cu khng nh, already c th ng sau have nhng n cngth ngcui cu.

haveSubject + + already + P2

has

V d:

We have already written our

reports.

I have already read the entire

book.

Sam has already recorded the results of the experiment.- Dng vi yet trong cu ph nh v cu nghi vn ph nh, yet thng xuynng cui cu, cngthc sau:

haveSubject + not + P2 ...+ yet ...

has

V d:

John hasnt written his report yet.

The president hasnt decided what todo yet. We havent called on our

teacher yet.

- Trong 1 s trng hp yet c th o ln ng sau to have v ng php c thayi. Not mt i v phn t 2 tr v dng nguyn th c to.

haveSubject + + yet + [verb in simple form] ...

has

V d:John has yet to learn the material. = John hasnt learned the material yet.


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We have yet to decide what to do with the money. = We havent decided what todo with the moneyyet.

Ch : Cn thn s dng yet trong mu cu ko nhm vi yet trong mu cu cyet lm t ni mang ngha nhng

V d:I dont have the money, yet I really need the computer.

My neighbors never have the time, yet they always want to do something on Saturday nig

2.1.4Hin ti hon thnh tip din ( preset perfect progressive)

Have been + verbing.

- Dng ging ht nh present perfect nhng hnh ng khng chm dt hin tim vn ang tip tc xy ra. N thng xuyn c dng vi 2 gii t for, since +time.

V d:

John has been living in the same house for ten years. = John has live in the same house fyears.

Mt s th d

Jorge has already walked to school. (thi gian khng

xc nh) He has been to California three times.

(hn 1 ln)

Mary has seen this movie before. (thi gian khng

xc nh) They have been at home all day.

We havent gone to the store yet. (thi gian khng

xc nh).

John has worked in Washington for three years.

Hoc

John has been working in Washington for three years.

(vn cha kt thc - John vn ang lm vic Washington).

Phn bit cch dng gia 2 thi

Present perfect Present perfect progressive

Hnh ng chm dt hin ti, do c kt

qu r rt.

V d:

I have waited for you for half an hour(now I stop waiting)

Hnh ng vn tip tc tip din hin ti do

vy khng c kt qu r rt.

V d:

I have been waiting for you for half an

hour.(and continue waiting hoping that


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will come)

20 Try and acquire


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2.2 Qu kh ( Past)

2.2.1Qu kh n gin (simple past)

Verb + ed

- Mt s ng t trong ting Anh c qu kh c bit v ng thi cng c phn t 2 bit.

- Mt s cc ng t c c 2 dng:

V d:

Light - lighted - lighted

lit - lit

Ngi Anh a dng qu kh thng khi chia ng t v phn t

2 c bit.

V d:

He lighted the candle on his birthdaycake.

N thp ngn nn trn chic bnh

sinh nht

Nhng

I can see the lit house from a distance.

Ti c th nhn thy t xa ngi nh sng nh in.

N dng din t 1 hnh ng u xy ra dt im trong qu kh, khnglin quan g ti hin

ti.

Thi gian hnh ng trong cu l rt r rng, n thng dng vi mt s ph tch thi gian nh:

yesterday, at that moment, last + thi gian nh:

Last nightmonth

week vv...

Lu : Nu thi gian trong cu l khng r rng th phi dng

present perfect.

V d:

John went to Spain last year.

Bob bought a new bicycle yesterday.

Maria did her homework last night.

Mark washed the dishes after dinner.

We drove to grocery store this afternoon.

George cooked dinner for his family Saturday night.

2.2.2Qu kh tip din (Past progresive).

Was / were + Ving


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- N c dng din t 1 hnh ng ang xy ra vo 1 thi im nhtnh trong qu kh khng lin h g ti hin ti. Thi im trong cu c xcnh bng cc ph t ch thi gian nh:

At + thi gian qu kh.

V d:

He was eating dinner at 7 P.M Last night.- N c dng kt hp vi 1 simple past thng qua 2 lin t When v while ch1 hnh ng ang xy ra trong qu kh th 1 hnh ng khc t ngt xen vo(tng ng vi cu Ting Vit Khi ang ... th bng).

*

Subject1 + simple past + while + subject 2 + past progressive.

V d:

Somebody hit him on the head while he was going to his car.

Subject1 + past progressive + when + subject 2 + simple past.

V d:He was going to his car when someone hit him on the head.

Lu : Mnh c when v while c th ng bt k ni no trong cu nhngsau when nht thit phi l 1 simple past v sau while nht thit phi l 1 pastprogressive.

- Dng din t 2 hnh ng song song cng 1 lc, ni vi nhau bng lin t while.

Subject1 + past progressive + while + subject 2 + past progressive.

V d:He was reading newspaper while his wife was preparing the dinner in the kitchen.

( Mnh khng c while c th c chuyn sang simple past nhng him khi v s nhln vi *)

V d:

Jose was writing a letter to his family when his pencil broke.

While Joan was writing the report, Henry was looking for more information.

When Mark arrived, the Johnsons was having dinner, but they stopped in order to talk to h

2.2.3Qu kh hon thnh (past perfect).

Had + P2

- Dng din t 1 hnh ng xy ra trc 1 hnh ng khc trong qu kh.(trong cu bao gi cng c 2 hnh ng: 1 trc v 1 sau.

- Dng kt hp vi 1 simple past thng qua 2 gii t ch thi gian before v after.


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22 Try and acquire


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Subject + past perfect + before + subject + past simple

V d:

I had gone to the store before I went home.

The professor had reviewed the material before he

gave the quiz. Before Ali went to sleep, he had called

his family.

George had worked at the university for forty-five years before he retired.

The doctor had examined the patient thoroughly before he prescribed the medication.

Subject + past simple + after + subject + past perfect

V d:

John went home after he had gone to the store.

After the committee members had considered the consequences, they voted on the prop

- Mnh c before v after c th ng u hoc cui cu nhng sau beforenht thit phi l 1 simple past v sau after nht thit phi l 1 past perfect.

- Before v after c th c thay bng when m khng s b nhm ln v trongcu bao gi cng c 2 hnh ng: 1 trc v 1 sau.

V d:

The police cars came to the scene when the robbers

had gone away.

( trong cu ny when c ngha l after v sau when l

past perfect.)

2.2.4Qu kh hon thnh tip din (past perfect progressive).

Subject + had + been + [Verb + ing]...

N c dng ging ht nh past perfect nhng hnh ng khng dng li m tip

tc tip din cho n thi im simple past. N th

ng

c kt hp vi 1 simplepast thng qua ph t before. Trong cu thng c since hoc for + thi gian.

- Thi ny hin nay t dng v c thay th bng

past perfect.

V d:

Henry had been living in New York for ten years before he moved

to California.

George had been working at the university for forty-five years

before he retired.


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2.3 Tng lai

2.3.1Tng lai n gin (simple future)

Will / shall

+ [ Verb in simple form ]Can / may.

- Ngy nay ng php hin i, c bit l M dng will cho tt c cc ngi cnshall ch c dng trong cc trng hp sau:

Mi mc ngi khc 1 cch

lch s.

V d:

Shall we go out for

lunch?

Shall I take your coat? ngh gip ngi khc 1 cch lch s.

V d:Shall I give you a hand with these packages.

Dng ngu gi khi mua bn,

mc c.

V d:

Shall we say : fifteen dollars?

- N dng din t 1 hnh ng s xy ra vo thi im nht nh trongtng lai. Thi im ny khng c xc nh r rt. Cc ph t thng dng l

tomorrow, next + thi gian, in the future.Near future. (tng lai gn)

To be going to do smth - sp lm g.

- Dng din t 1 hnh ng s xy ra trong 1 t ng lai gn, thi gian s cdin t bng 1 s ph t nh : in a moment (lt na), tomorrow.

V d:

We are going to have a meeting in a moment.

We are going to get to the airport at 9 am this morning.

- Ngy nay, c bit l trong vn ni ngi ta thng dng Present progressive thay t

- Dng din t 1 s vic chc chn s xy ra d rng khng phil tng lai gn.

V d:

Next year we are going to take a TOEFL test for the score that enables us to learn in the U

2.3.2Tng lai tip din ( future progressive)

Will / shall+ be + [ verb + ing ]

Can / may.

- N din t 1 hnh ng s ang xy ra 1 thi im nht nh ca tng lai. Thim ny c


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xc nh c th bng ngy, gi.

24 Try and acquire


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V d:

I will be doing a test on Monday morning next week.

- N c dng kt hp vi 1 present progressive din t 2 hnh ng songsong xy ra, 1 hin ti, 1 tng lai.

V d:

Now we are learning English here but by the time tomorrow we will be working at the offi

2.3.3Tng lai hon thnh (future perfect)

Will have + P2

- N c dng din t 1 hnh ng s phi c hon tt 1 thi im no trong tng lai. Thi im ny thng c din t bng : by the end of, bytomorrow.

V d:

We will have taken a TOEFL test by the end ofthis year.

Lu : Thi ny phi c l do c bit mi s

dng.

3. S ho hp gia ch ng v ng t.Thng thng th ng t ng lin ngay vi ch ng v phi chia theo ngi chng. Song c nhng trng hp khng phi nh vy.

3.1 Ch ng ng tch khi ng t.

- ng xen vo gia ch ng v ng t l 1 ng gii t ( 1 gii t m u kt hpvi cc danh t theosau). Ng gii t ny khng quyt nh g n vic chia ng t. ng t phichia theo ch ng chnh.

Subject + [ng gii t] + verb

V d:The study of languages is very interesting.Singular subject singular verb

Several theories on this subject have been proposed.Plural subject plural verb

The view of these disciplines varies from time to time.Singular subject singular verb

The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly.Singular subject singular verb

The effects of that crime are likely to be devastating.Plural subject plural verb

The fear of rape and robbery has caused many people to flee the cities.Singular subject singular verb

- Cc thnh ng trong bng di y cng vi cc danh t i ng sau n to nn hin tng chng. Cm ng ch ng ny phi ng tch bit ra khi ch ng chnh v ng t bdu phy vkhng c nh hng g ti vic chia ng t.


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Together with along with



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accompanied by as well as

V d:

The actress, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight.Singular subject singular verb

Mr. Robbins, accompanied by his wife and children, is arriving tonight.Singular subject singular verb

Lu : - Nu 2 ng ch ng ni vi nhau bng lin t and th ng t lp tc phichia ngi th 3 s nhiu (they).

V d:

The actress and her manager are going to a party tonight.

- nhng nu 2 ng ch ng ni vi nhau bng lin t or th ng t s phichia theo danh t ng sau or. Nu l danh t s t th phi chia ngi th 3s t v ngc li.

V d:

The actress or her manager is going to a party tonight.

3.2 Cc danh t lun i hi ng t v i t s it. l cc ng t trong bng sau:

any + danh t s tno + danh t s tSome + danh t s t

anybody nobody somebody

anyone no one someone

anything nothing something

every + danh t s it each + danh t s teverybody

everyone either*

everything neither*

* Either v either l s t nu n khng c s dng vi

or v nor.

Lu :

- either (1 trong 2) ch dng cho 2 ngi, 2 vt. Nu 3 ngi, 3 vt tr ln

phi dng any.V d:

If either of you takes a vacation now, we wont be able to finish this work.

If any of students in this class is absent, he or she must have the permission of the instruc

- Neither (khng 1 trong 2) ch dng cho 2 ngi, 2 vt. Nu 3 ngi, 3 vt tr ln

phi dng not any).

V d:

Neither of two his classes gets an c

Not any of those pairs of shoes fits me.


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3.3 Cch s dng none, no

none of the : c s dng ty theo danh t ng ng sau n.

- nu danh t l khng m c th ng t phi chia ngi th 3 s t.

None + of the + non-count noun + singular verb

V d:

None of the counterfeit money has been found.

- nu sau none of the l 1 danh t m c s nhiu th ng t phi chia ngi th nhiu.

None + of the + plural noun + plural verb

V d:

None of the students have finished the exam yet.

No c s dng cng tu theo danh t ng sau n.

- nu sau no l danh t s t hoc khng m c th ng t phi chia ngi th 3

Singular nounNo + + singular verb

non-count noun

V d:

No example is relevant to this case.

- nhng nu sau no l 1 danh t m c s nhiu th ng t phi chia ngi th 3 snhiu.

No + plural noun + plural verb

V d:

No examples are relevant to this case.

3.4 Cch s dng cu trc either ... or v neither ... nor.iu cn lu nht khi s dng cp thnh ng ny l ng t sau phi chia

theo danh t sau or hoc nor. Nu danh t l s t th ng t phi chia ngi th 3 s t v ngc li.

Neither nor+ noun + singular noun + singular verb

either or

V d:

Neither John nor Bill is going to the beach today.Singular noun singular verb

Either John or Bill is going to the beach today.


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Singular noun singular verb

Neither nor+ noun + plural noun + plural verb

either or

V d:

Neither Maria nor her friends are going to class today.Plural plural

Lu :

Khi ch ng l 1 verbing th ng t phi chia ngi th 3 s t.

3.5 Cc danh t tp th l nhng danh t trong bng di y dng ch mt nhm ngi hoc 1 tchc. Cho d vy,chng vn c xem l danh t s t v do , cc ng t v i t i cng vichng phi ngi th

3 s t.

congress family group committee class

organization team army club crowd

government jury majority* minority public

- Nu ng t ng sau nhng danh t ny chia ngi th 3 s nhiu th n mch cc thnh vin ca t chc hoc nhm ang hot ng ring r.

V d: The congress votes for the bill.

The congress are discussing the bill (some agree but

some dont). (TOEFL khng bt li ny)* Majority

Danh t ny c dng tu theo danh t i ng sau n.

The majority + singular verb

The majority of the plural noun + plural verb.

V d: The majority believes that we are in no

danger.

The majority of the students believe him to beinnocent.

Lu : Danh t police lun c coi l danh t ngi th 3 s nhiu do vy ng tng sau n phi chia ngi th 3 s nhiu.

V d:

The police come to the crime scene at good time and arrested a suspect.

Mt s th d:

The committee has met, and it has rejected

the proposal. The family was elated by thenews.


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The crowd was wild with excitement.

Congress has initiated a new plan to combat

inflation. The organization has lost many

members this year. Our team is going to win

the game.Cc cm t trong bng di y ch mt nhm gia sc ng vt cho d danh tng sau gii t of c s nhiu th ng t sau vn phi chia ngi th 3 s

t.

flock of birds, sheepherd of cattle pack of dogs school of fish pride of lions

V d:

The flock of birds is circling overhead.

The herd of cattle is breaking away.

A school of fish is being attacked by sharks.Lu : Tt c cc danh t tp hp ch thi gian, tin bc, s o u i hi ccng t - i t - b ng i cng n phi ngi s t.

(TOEFL bt li ny).

V d:

He has contributed $50 and now he wants to contribute another fifty.

Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt.

Fifty minutes isnt enough time to finish this test.

Twenty dollars is all I can afford to pay for thatrecorder. Two miles is too much to run in one

day.

3.6 Cch s dng A number of/ the number of

a number of + danh t s nhiu + ng t s nhiu

- a number of : mt s lng ln nhng i vi danh t s nhiu v ng t phi chia ngi t

snhiu.- the number of : mt s i vi danh t s nhiu nhng ng t phi chia ngi th 3 s

the number of + danh t s nhiu + ng t s t

V d:A number of applicants have already been interviewed.

The number of residents who have been questioned on this matter is quite small


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3.7 Cc danh t lun dng s nhiu.Cc danh t sau y lun phi dng dng s nhiu.

Trousers eyeglasses tongs - ci kpshorts scissors- ci kotweezers- ci nhp

Jeans pants- qun pliers - ci km

V d:

The pants are in the drawer.

A pair of pants is in the drawer.

Cc danh t trn thng xuyn dng s nhiu v chng bao gm 2 thc th, dovy cc ng t v i t i cng chng phi ngi th 3 s nhiu.

V d:

The pliers are on the

table.

These scissors are dull.- Nu mun bin chng thnh s t dng a pair of ... v lc ng t v i t icng vi chng phi ngi th 3 s t.

V d:

This pair of scissors is dull.

The pair of pliers is on the table.

3.8 Cch dng cc thnh ng There is, there are

Thnh ng ny ch s tn ti ca ngi hoc vt ti 1 ni no . Phi phn bitchng vi ng t tohave.

There is

There

are

ch s tn ti (existance)

To have ch s s hu (possession)

To possess (get, hold instinctively).

- Ch ng tht ca thnh ng ny i ng sau ng t to be. Nu danh t

l s nhiu th ng t chia s nhiu v ngc li.- Mi bin i v thi v th u nhm vo ng t to be cn phn t 2 thda vo tr ng t to have/ has been.

there isthere was + singular subject ...there has been ( hoc non-count)

there arethere were + singular subject ...there have been ( hoc non-count)

V d:There is a storm approaching.


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singular singular

There have been a number of telephone calls today.Plural plural

There was an accident last night.singular singular

There were too many people at the party.Plural plural

There has been an increase in the importation of foreign cars.Plural plural

There was water on the floor where he fell.Plural non-count

4. i ti t trong ting Anh chia 5 loi c c c chc nng ring bit.

4.1 i t nhn xng ch ng (Subject pronoun)Gm :

I weyou youhe theysheit

Chc nng:

- ng u cu lm ch ng trong cu v quyt nh vic chia ng t.

- ng ng sau ng t to be.

V d: The teachers who were invited to the party were George, Batty.

- ng ng sau cc ph t so snh nh than, as. Tuyt i khng c dng i tnhn xng tn ng trong trng hp ny.

V d: He is taller than I (am) - khng cdng me.

She is as beautiful as my girlfriend.

- i vi cc i t nhn xng ch ng nh we, you v i t nhn xng tn ngnh us c th dng 1 danh t s nhiu ngay sau .

V d: We students, you teachers, us workers.

Cc i t nh all, both c th c dng theo li ny vi cc ngi s nhiu.

we

you all/ boththey

V d:

I am going to the store.

We have lived here for twenty years.

It was she who called you. (sau

ng t be)

George and I would like to leave

now.

We students are going to have a

party.


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4.2 i t nhn xng tn ng

me usyou youhimthemherit

- n ng ngay sau ng t hoc cc gii t lm nhim v ca mt tn ng.

- i vi cc ngi i t nhn xng tn ng s nhiu c th dng all hocboth ngay sau .usyou all / boththem

V d:

They called us on the phone.complement

The teacher gave him a bad grade.complement

John told her a story.complement

The policeman was looking for him.sau gii t

To us, it seems like a good bargainsau gii t

Lu : Nn nh rng nhiu gii t c th c chc nng nh cc thnh phn khc trongcu, chng hn nh ph t hoc lin t. V vy, ta cn phi xc nh cc xem

chng ng vai tr g - cn da vo ng cnh ch khng phi da vo s hiubit bnh thng v chc nng ca chng.

V d:

Janet will make her presentation after him.preposition complement pronoun

Janet will make her presentation after he finishes his speech.conjunction subject pronoun

clause

( mt mnh (clause) gm 1 ch ng v 1 ng t. Trong mnh trn, he lch ng v finishes l

ng t).

4.3 Tnh t s hu

my ouryouryourhisher theirits

- N ng ngay trc danh t v ch s s hu ca ngi hoc vt i vi danh t ng

sau.V d:


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John is eating his dinner.

This is not my book.

The cat has injured its foot.

The boy broke his arm yesterday..

She forgot her homework this

morning. My food is cold.Lu : Its khc vi Its. Its c ngha l it is hoc it has.

4.4 i t s hu

mine ours

yoursyourshishers theirs

its

- Dng thay th cho tnh t s hu v danh t u c nhc n trn.

possessive pronoun + possessive adjective + noun

- N c th c ng lm ch ng trong cu.

- ng ng sau ng t to be.

- N c th lm tn ng khi i sau 1 ng t

hoc sau 1 gii t. Do you remember to take your

money?

- ng ng sau cc ph t so snh nh

than, as. Your book is as good as mine.Mt s th d:

This is my book = This is mine.

Your teacher is the same as his teacher = Yours is as the same as his.

Her dress is green and my dress is red = Hers is green is green

and mine is red. Our books are heavy = Ours are heavy.

Their coasts are too small. Theirs aretoo small. I forgot my homework = I

forgot mine.

4.5 i t phn thn (reflexive pronoun)

myself ourselvesyourself yourselveshimself themselvesherselfitself

Lu : cc ngi s nhiu, ui - self bin thnh - selves.


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Chc nng:

- Ch ch ng lm vic g cho chnh mnh. Trong tr ng hp ny n ngngay sau ng t hoc ng cui cu sau gii t for hoc to.

V d:

He sent the letter to himself.

You can see the differences for yourselves.

- Ch ch ng t thn lm ly 1 vic g. Trong trng hp ny n ng ng sauch ng hoc cui cukhi ni.

V d:

I myself believe that the proposal is good.

He himself set out to break the long distance

flying record. She prepared the nine-course meal

herself.

The students themselves decorated

the room. You yourself must do this

homework.

John himself bought this gifts.

By + one-self = alone.

V d:

John washed the dishes by himself = John washed the dishes alone.5. ng t dng lm tn ng- Khng phi bt c ng t no trong ting Anh cng i hi 1 danh t hoci t theo sau n lmtn ng. C mt s ng t li yu cu tn ng sau n phi l mt ng t khc.Chng chia lm 2 loisau:

5.1 ng t nguyn th lm tn ngBng sau l nhng ng t i hi tn ng sau n phi l mt ng t khc.Chng tun theo mu cu

nh sau:agree to dosomething.desire to dosomething.decide to dosomething.

agree attempt claim decide demanddesire expect fail forget hesitatehope intend learn need offerplan prepare pretend refuse seem

strive tend want wish


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V d:

John expects to begin studying law next semester.

Mary learned to swim when she was very young.

The budget committee decided to postpone this meeting.

34 Try and acquire


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The president will attempt to reduce inflation in the next

your years. The soldiers are preparing to attack a

village.

Cynthia has agreed to act as a liaison between the two countries.

5.2 Ving dng lm tn ng- Bng sau l 1 s cc ng t i hi tn ng sau n l 1 Ving

theo cc mu cu sau: admit doing something (th nhn lm g)

V d: He admitted having done wrong.

Enjoy doing something (thch th khi lm iu g)

admit appreciate enjoy quitdelay deny practice resumemiss postpone resist considerreport resent cant help mindsuggest avoid finish recall

risk

Lu : Trong bng trn c mu ng t:

cant

help

cant

resist

V d:

+ (against) doing smth : khng th dng c, khng th nhn c ...

With such good oranges, we cant help (resist) buying 2 kilos at a time.

Lu : Nu mun t ph nh cho cc trng hp ny t not trc nguynth b to hoc Ving. Tuyt i khng c cu to dng ph nh ca ng tchnh.

V d:

John decided not to by the car.

We regretted not going to the party last night.

Mt s th d:

John admitted stealing the jewels.

We enjoy seeing them again after so many years.You shouldnt risk entering that building in its present

condition. Michael was considering buying a new car

until the price went up. The Coast Guard reported

seeing another ship in the Florida Straits. Would you

mind not smoking in this office?

* Cc ng t bng sau l nhng ng t m tn ng ca chng c th lng t nguyn th hay Ving m ng ngha ca chng khng thay i.V d:

begin to do smth = begin doing smth.


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begin cant stand continue dread



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hate like love preferregret start try

Lu : Trong bng trn c mu ng t :

cant

stand V

d:

to do smth

( Khng th chu ng

c khi philm g) doing smth

waiting such a long time.

I cantstand to wait such a long time.

I hate to ride her bicycle to school = I hate riding her bicycle to school.

5.3 3 ng t c bit l cc ng t m ng ngha ca chng thay i khi tn ng sau n l 1

nguyn th hoc 1 Ving.

Stop to do smth : dng li lm g.V d:

He stops to get gasoline.

Stop doing smth : dng vic g

ang lm li.

V d:

He stops writing and goes out.

Remember to do smth : nh s phi

lm g.

V d:

I remember to send a letter at the

post office.

Remember doing smth : nh u lm

g.

V d:I remember locking the door before leaving but I cant find the key.

Forget to do smth : qun s phi lm g.

V d:

He forgets to call his friend thisafternoon. Forget doing smth : qun

u lm g.

V d:

I forget doing the homework yesterday.

Lu : ng t forget trong mu cu mang ngha ph nh.

I forget getting to the airport to meet my girl-friend this morning.

5.4 Cc ng t ng ng sau gii t

- Tt c cc ng t ng ng sau gii t u phi dng Ving.


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verb

adj. + preposition + Ving

noun

36 Try and acquire


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ng t + gii t + Ving

Bng sau gm cc ng t + gii t.

approve of: tn

thnh give up: t

brely on: ph thuc

vo

worry about: lo

lng v

be better off: keep on = continue

insist on: ni n think aboutsucceed in: thnh cng trongthink of

count on = rely on depend on

put off: tr houn

Danh t + gii t + Ving (bng sau)

possibility of method of method for reason forchoice of intention of excuse for

V d:

George has no excuse for dropping out of school.

There is a possibility of acquiring this property at a

good price. There is no reason for leaving this early.

Connie has developed a method for evaluating this problem.

Tnh t + gii t + Ving (bng sau)

accustomed to afraid of capable of fond of intent on interested in successful in tired of

V d:

Mitch is afraid of getting married now.

We are accustomed to sleeping late on weekends.

Jean is not capable of understanding the

predicament. Alvaro is intent on finishing

school next year.

Craig is fond of dancing.

We are interested in seeing this film.

- Khng phi bt c tnh t no trong ting Anh cng i hi ng sau n phi

l 1 gii t, c mt s tnh t li i hi ng sau n l mt ng t nguyn th(xem bng sau).

anxious boring dangerous hardeager: ho hceasy good strangepleased prepared ready able*usual common difficult

eager to do smth: ho hc lm g.hard to do smth : kh lm g.* able :able

unable

V

d:

to do smth =


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pable o o ng sm ncapa e



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These students are not yet able to handle such difficult problems.

These students are not yet capable of handling such difficult problems.

Mt s th d:

Mohammad is eager to see his

family. It is dangerous to drive

in this weather We are ready toleave now.

It is difficult to pass this test.

It is uncommon to find such good crops in this section of

the country. Ritsuko was pleased to be admitted to the

college.

Lu :

- Mt s cc ng t ting Anh thng c gii t i km pha sau. Khng cnhm ln gii t vi to ca ng t nguyn th. Chng hn mt s ng t trongbng sau:

object to: phn i look forward to : mong i confess to : th nu lm g

V d:John gave up smoking because of his doctors advice.

Mary insisted on taking the bus instead of

the plane. Fred confessed to stealing the

jewels.

We are not looking forward to going back to school.Henry is thinking of going to France in August.

You would be better off leaving now instead of tomorrow.

5.5 Vn i t i trc ng t nguyn th hoc Ving lm tn ng.- ng trc 1 ng t nguyn th lm tn ng th dng ca i t phi l tn ng.

PronounSubject + verb + complement form + [ to + verb] ...

noun

Sau y l bng cc ng t i hi i t (hay danh t ) i sau n phi dng tn ng

allow ask beg convince instructinvite order permit persuade prepareremind urge want expect promise

V d:

Joe asked Mary to call him when he

woke up. We ordered him to appear in

court.

I urge you to consider your decision.They were trying to persuade him to change his mind.


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The teacher permitted them to turn their assignments in late.

38 Try and acquire


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You should prepare your son to take this examination.

Tuy nhin, ng trc 1 Ving lm tn ng th dng ca danh t hoc i t phi dnghu.

dng s hu ca danh t

Ch ng + ng t + + [verb + ing] ...tnh t s hu

V d:We understand your not being able to stay longer.

He regrets her leaving.

We are looking forward to their coming next year.

We dont approve of Johns buying this house.

We resent the teachers not announcing the

test sooner. We object to their calling at this

hour.

6. Cch s dng ng t bn khim khuyt need v dare

6.1 needng t ny c s dng ra sao cn ph thuc vo danh t ng ng sau n lng vt hay bt ngvt.

- khi ch ng l ng vt (living thing)

Subject as a living thing + need +to + verb

(cn phi lm g)

V d:I need to clean my house.

John and his brother need to paintthe house. My friend needs to learnSpanish.

He will need to drive alone tonight.-Tuy nhin khi ch ng l mt bt ng vt (unliving thing) th ng t sau need s khc.

Subject as unliving thing + need + [Verb + ing]

to be + P2

V d:

The grass needs to be cut. Hoc The grass needs cutting.

The television needs repairing. Hoc The television need to be repaired.


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The composition needs rewriting. Hoc The composition needs to be rewritten.

Lu :



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need = to be in need of + noun

to be in need of + noun c th thay th cho c 2

cng thc trn.V d:

Jill is in need of money = Jill needs money.

The roof is in need of repair = The roof needs to be repaired.

The organization was in need of volunteers = The organization needed volunteers.

6.2 Dare

- Dare khng c dng nhiu khng nh. N ch c dng ph nh vnghi vn. ng t sau n theo l thuyt l c to nhng trn thc t thng b to.N c th dng vi tr ng t to do hoc dng trc tip.

He doesnt dare (to) sayanything

= He dares not (to) say

anything.

Does he dare (to) say anything = Dares he (to) say anything.

- Dare khng c dng th khng nh tr trng hp - I dare say mang 2 ngha:

- Ti cho l.

V d: I dare say there will be a restaurant car at the end of the train.

- Ti cng nhn l.

V d: I dare say you are right. Ti tha nhn l anh ng.

- How dare (dared) + subject ... (sao dm).

V d:

How dare you open my letter? Sao cu dm bc th ca ti ra th ?

- Dare cn c dng nh 1 ngoi ng t mang ngha dm, thch theo mu cu sau:

To dare smb to do smth

(thch ai lm g)

They dare the boy to swim across the river in the cold weather.

7. Cch dng ng t to be + infinitiveBE + INFINITIVE

- N c dng truyn t nhng mnh lnh hoc nhng ch dn tt ngi thnht qua ngi th 2 ti ngi th 3.

V d:

No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.

(khng ai c php ri to nh ny m khng c php ca cnh st).

He is to stay here until we return.

(n phi li y cho ti khi bn tao quay li).


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40 Try and acquire


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- Dng vi mnh if mang tnh bt buc hoc

mnh lnh.

V d:

Something must be done quickly if extinct birds are

to be saved

He said if he fall asleep at the wheel, we were towake him up.

- truyn t mt d nh.

V d:

She is to be married next

month.

(c y s ci vo thng ti)

The expedition is to start in a weeks time.

Cu trc ny rt thng dng trong bo ch v nu n l ta bo th ngi ta

b be i tit kimch.

V d:

The Prime Minister is to make a statement

tomorrow.

= The Prime Minister to make a statement

tomorrow.

- Was/ were + infinitive

din t 1 tng v s

mnh.

V d:They said good bye without knowing that they were never

to meet again.

(h chia tay nhau m khng bit rng s chng bao gi h

gp li nhau)- To be about to + verb = near future = to be in the point of Ving.

8. Cu hi

8.1 Cu hi yes v no

S d gi l nh vy v trong cu tr li c th dng yes hoc no u

cu. Nn nh rng: Yes + positive verb

No + negative verb.

Khng c nhm ln dng cu tr li ting vit.

auxiliarybe + subject + verb ...do, does, did

Is Mary going to schooltoday?


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Was Mary sick yesterday?

Have you seen this movie

before?

Will the committee decide on the

proposal today? Do you want to use the

telephone?

Does George like peanut

butter?

Did you go to class

yesterday?



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8.2 Cu hi thng boL loi cu hi m trong cu tr li ngoi yes hoc no ra cn phi thm mt s ccthng tin khc. Cc cu hi ny dng vi mt s cc i t nghi vn.

8.2.1who v what lm ch ng.

Who+ verb + (complement) + (modifier)

what

Who opened the door? (someone opened the door)

What happened last night? (something happened

last night.) Ch : Khng ng khi ni :

Who did open the door?

What did happen last night?

8.2.2Whom v what l tn ng ca cu hi

whom auxiliary+ + subject + verb + ( modifier)

what do, does, did

Ch :

Mc d trong vn ni, nhiu ngi s dng who thay cho whom trong loi cu hiny nhng tuyt i khng c dng nh vy trong vn vit (li c bn)

V d:

Whom does Ahmad know from Venezuela? ( Ahmad know someonefrom Venezuela) What did George buy at the store? ( George bought

something at the store)

8.2.3Cu hi dnh cho cc b ng (when, where, why, how)

when

wherewhy +how

Auxiliarybe + subject + verb + (complement) + (modifier)do, does, did

When did John move to

Jacksonville?

Where does Mohamad live ?

Why did George leave so early?

How did Maria get to school

today?


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Where has Henry gone?

When will Bertha go back to Mexico?

42 Try and acquire


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8.3 Cu hi gin tip (embedded questions)

L loi cu hi c cc c im sau:

- Cu c 2 thnh phn ni vi nhau bng 1 i t nghi vn.

- ng t mnh 2 phi ng xui sau ch ng khng c cu to cu hi thnhth 2.

- i t nghi vn khng ch bao gm 1 t m nhiu khi c th l 2 hoc 3 tchng hn: whose + noun, how many, how much, how long, how often, what time,v what kind.

Subject + verb ( phrase) + question word + subject + verb

V d:Cu hi : Where will the meeting take place?Cu hi gin tip: We havent ascertained where the meeting will take place.

Q word subject verb phrase

Cu hi: Why did the plane land at the wrong airport?

Cu hi gin tip : The authorities cannot figure out why the plane landed at the wrong aQ word subject phrase

auxiliary + subject + verb + question word + subject + verb

Do you know where he went?Could you tell me what time it is?

Mt s th d:

The professor didnt know how many students would be in her

afternoon class. I have no idea how long the interview will take.Do they know how often the bus runs at night?Can you tell me how far the museum is from

the college?

Ill tell you what kind of ice cream tastes best.

The teacher asked us whose book was on his

desk.

8.4 Cu hi c ui

Khi s dng loi cu hi ny nn nh rng n khng nhm mc ch hi m

nhm khng nh li kin ca bn thn mnh u bit.- Cu chia lm 2 thnh phn tch bit nhau bi du phy.

- Nu ng t phn chnh th khng nh th phn ui l ph nh v ngc

- ng t to be c dng trc tip, cc ng t thng dng tr ng t to do, ccng t thi kp: future, perfect, progressive dng vi chnh tr ng t ca thi.

- Cc thnh ng there is, there are v it is dng li phn ui.

- ng t to have trong ting Anh ca ngi M l ng t thng do n s dngvi tr ng t todo.

V d:There are only twenty-eight days in February,


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arent there? Its raining now, isnt it? It isnt

raining now, is it?



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The boys dont have class tomorrow, do they?

You and I talked with the professor yesterday,

didnt we? You wont be leaving for another

hour, will you?

Jill and Joe have been to Mexico, havent they?

You have two children, dont you?(Trong ting Anh, th s dng havent you?)

Lu :

Trong cc bi thi TOEFL nu ng t chnh l have th ng sau phi

dng tr ng t do.

V d:

She has an exam tomorrow, doesnt she?

9. Li ni ph ho khng nh v ph nh.

9.1 Li ni ph ho khng nh.- Dng ph ho li khng nh ca mt ngi khc tng ng vi cu tingvit cng th v ngi ta s dng so v too trong cu trc ny.

- ng t to be c php dng trc tip, cc ng t thng dng vi tr ng t todo, cc ng t thi kp (future, perfect, progressive) dng vi chnh ng t can.

- Khi be c s dng trong mnh chnh th thi ca ng t be s dngtrong cu ph ho cng phi cng thi vi be mnh chnh.

Subject + verb(be) + too

Affirmative statement (be) + and +So + verb(be) + subject

V d:

I am happy, and you are

too.

I am happy, and so are

you.- Khi mt ng t th kp (auxilary + verb), v d, will go, should do, has done,have written, must examine, vv... xut hin trong mnh chnh th tr ng t

ca mnh chnh c s dng dng khng nh, v ch ng v ng tphi ho hp.

Subject + auxiliary only + too

Affirmative statement + and +

(ng t th kp) So + auxiliary only + subject

V d:

They will work in the lab tomorrow, and you

will too.

They will work in the lab tomorrow, and sowill you.


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Subject +do, does, or did + too.

Affirmative statement + and +

44 Try and acquire


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(ng t n tr be) So + do, does, or did + subject

V d:

Jane goes to that school, and my sister does too.

Jane goes to that school, and so does my sister.

John went to the mountains on his vacation, and

we did too.

John went to the mountains on his vacation, and

so did we.

I will be in New Mexico in August, and they will

too.

I will be in New Mexico in August, and so will

they.

He has seen her plays, and the girls have too.

He has seen her plays, and so have the girls.We are going to the movies tonight, and Suzy is

too.

We are going to the movies tonight, and so is

Suzy.

She will wear a costume to the party, and we will

too.

She will wear a costume to the party, and so will

we.

9.2 Li ni ph ho ph nh- Dng ph ho li ph nh ca ngi khc, tng ng vi cu ting vit cng kh

- Cu trc dng cho loi cu ny l either v neither.

Nn nh rng: Not ... either / Neither ...

positive verb.

Cc trng hp dng ging ht cng thc

khng nh.

Subject + negative auxiliary or be + either .

Negative statement + and +Neither + positive auxiliary or be + subject.

V d:

I didnt see Mary this morning. John didnt see Mary this

morning. I didnt see Mary this morning, and John didnt

either.

I didnt see Mary this morning, and neither did John.

She wont be going to the conference. Her colleagues wont be going to

the conference. She wont be going to the conference, and hercolleagues wont either.


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She wont be going to the conference, and neither will her colleagues.

John hasnt seen the new movie yet. I havent seen the new movie yet.

John hasnt seen the new movie yet, and I havent ether.

John hasnt seen the new movie yet, and neither have I.

10. Cu ph nh

thnh lp cu ph nh ngi ta t not vo sau ng t to be, tr ng t todo ca ng t thng, v cc tr ng t ca ng t thi kp.



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- t any ng trc danh t nhn mnh cho ph nh.

- Trong mt s trng hp nhn mnh cho danh t ng sau b ph nh,ngi ta ng t nguyn th v t no trc danh t. ( no = not at all).

Nagative + nagative = Positive

V d:

Its really unbelievable that he has no money.

Nagative + comparative = Superlative

V d:

Professor Baker couldnt be more helpful = Pr. Baker was the most helpful.

We couldnt have gone to the beach on a better day. Tc l: Today is the best day to go t

beach.

Nagative ..., much less + noun.

(khng m li cng khng)

V d:

He didnt like to read novels, much less text books.

Its really unbelievable how he could have survived, after such a free fall, much lesslive to tell about it

on TV.Mt s ph t trong ting Anh mang ngha ph nh, khi U dng n trong cutuyt i khng c dng ph nh ca ng t na.

V d:

Hardly

Scarcely Hu nh khng ( Almost no)

Barely

Hardly everRarely Hu nh khng bao gi ( almost never).

Seldom

Cng thc dng vi cc ph t trn.

Subject + nagative + adverb + positive verb

46 Try and acquire


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ui ca Lets. , shall we.

V d:

Lets go out for lunch, shall we?

Khc vi let us trong cu mnh lnh thc.



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V d:

Lets go now (chng ta i thi) khc vi Let us go, please. ( xin huy cho chng ti i)

12. ng t khim khuyt.

S d gi l nh vy v ng t ny mang nhng c tnh nh sau:

- Khng c tiu t to ng trc.- ng t no i sau n cng phi b to.

- Khng bao gi 2 ng t khim khuyt i cng vi nhau, nu c th btbuc ng t th 2 phi chuyn sang mt dng khc.

V d:

Will have tomust

Will be able tocan

Will be allowed tomay

ng t khim khuyt c s dng vi cc chc nng sau:

12.1 Din t thi tng lai.

12.2 Din t cu iu kin.

12.2.1 iu kin c th thc hin c thi hin ti.

Will/shall

If + Subject + simple present + subject + + [verb in simple form]

can/ may

V d:

If I have the money, I will buy a new car.

If you try more, you will improve your English.

We will have plenty of time to finish the project before dinner if it is only ten oclock now.

If + subject + simple present tense + subject + ... + simple present tense

Mu cu ny cn c dng din t mt

thi quen.

V d:

If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits his patients in the hospital in theafternoon (khng c ng t khuyt thiu.)

John usually walks to school if he has enough time.

48 Try and acquire


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If + Subject + simple present tense ... + command form* ...

* Nn nh rng mnh lnh thc dng n gin ca ng t.

( simple form) Mu cu trn c ngha l nh ai, ra lnh cho ai

lm g.V d:

If you go to the Post Office, please mail this

letter for me. Please call me if you hear from

Jane.

12.2.2 iu kin khng th thc hin c thi hin ti.

Would/should

If + Subject + simple past + subject + + verb in simple form

could/ might

V d:

If I had enough money now, I would buythis house ( but now I dont have enoughmoney.)

If I had the time, I would go to the beach with you thisweekend.(but I dont have the time.) ( Im not going to the beachwith you.)

He would tell you about it if he were here.

( he wont tell you about it.) ( He is not here).If he didnt speak so quickly, you couldunderstand him.(He speaks very quickly.) (You cantunderstand him.)

Lu :

ng t to be sau if mu cu ny phi chia lm were

tt c cc ngi. I... they were.

V d:If I were you, I wouldnt do such athing. (but Im not you.)

12.2.3iu kin khng th thc hin c thi qu kh.

Would/should

If + Subject + past perfect + subject + + have + P2

could / might

V d:

If we hadnt lost the way we could have been here in time.(but in fact we lost the way, so we were late.)


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If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.



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(We didnt know that you were there.) ( we didnt write you a letter.)

She would have sold the house if she had found theright buyer.(She didnt sell the house.) (She didnt find the rightbuyer.)

If we hadnt lost the way, we would havearrived sooner. (We lost our way.) (we didntarrive early.)

Cu iu kin khng phi lc no cng tun theo ng cng thc trn, trongmt s trng hp 1 v ca cu iu kin qu kh cn mt v li hin ti dothi gian ca tng mnh quy nh.

V d:

If she had caught the flight she would be here by now.

Lu :

Trong mt s trng hp cu iu kin khng th thc hin c thi qukh, ngi ta b if i v o had ln u cu nhng ngha vn gi nguyn.

Had + subject + [verb in past participle ]...

V d:

Had we known you were there, we would have written

you a letter. Had she found the right buyer, she would

have sold the house. Hadnt we lost the way, we would

have arrived sooner.

12.2.4Cc cch dng c bit ca Will, would v sould trong cc mnh if Thng thng nhng ng t ny khng c dng ng sau if nhng nu c

dng n s mang ngha sau:

If you will /would.

Thng c dng trong c c yu cu lch s ( Would lch s hn)

V d:

If you would wait a moment, I will see if Mr John is here.

(Nu c vui lng ch mt cht, ti s xem liu ng John c

y khng.)

I would be very grateful if you will/ would make an

arrangement for me.

If you could + verb in simple form.

Nu ng vui lng - Ngi ni cho rng ngi kia s ng nh mt l tt nhin

V d:

If you could fill in thisform.


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If you could open your

books.

If + subject + will / would.

50 Try and acquire


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Nu ... chu - Din t t nguyn

V d:

If he will (would) listen to me, I can help him.

Nu n chu nghe theo li ti th ti c th gip n.

If + subject + will.

Din t s ngoan c.

V d:

If you will learn English this way, a failure for TOFEL test is sure awaiting you.

Nu cu m c hc ting Anh theo cch ny th trt k thi TOFEL chc chn ang chcu.

If + subject +should.

Din t mt hnh ng d rt c th c song kh nng rt t v khi ni ngini khng tin l s vic li c th xy ra.

V d:

If you shouldnt know how to use this TV set, please call me up this number.

Nu anh khng bit cch s dng chic tivi ny, huy gi in cho ti s myny. (Ni vy nhng ngi ni khng cho rng l anh ta li khng bit s dngchic tivi .)

If you should have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me.

(Ngi thy khng cho rng cu hc sinh li khng lm c nhng bi tp - vchng rt d hoc cu hc tr rt thng minh)

- Trong mt s trng hp ngi ta b if i v o should ln u cu m ng ngha khthay i.

V d:

Should you have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me.

Should it be cloudy and gray, the groundhog will supposedly wander around forfood - a sign that spring is near.

Nu tri c nhiu my v bu tri xm xt th ngi ta cho l con sc t s ilang thang kim n - l du hiu ca ma Xun ang ti gn. Thc ra, khi s dng cu trc ny th tcgi cho rng khi consc t chui ra th rt him khi tri li c nhiu my v bu tri li xm li - c thl do kt qu thngk.

13. Cch s dng thnh ng as if, as though.

(C ngha l : dng nh l, nh th l)

- Mnh ng sau 2 thnh ng ny thng hay dng iu kin khng ththc hin c v chia lm 2 thi:


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13.1 Thi hin tiNu ng t mnh trc chia simple present th ng t mnh sauphi chia simple past, ng t to be s phi chia l were tt c cc ngi.

as if

Subject + verb (simple present) + + subject + verb (simple past)as though

V d:

The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer.Hin ti qu kh

(It is not winter.)

Angelique walks as though she studied modelling.Hin ti qu kh

(She didnt study modelling)

He acts as though he were rich.Hin ti qu kh

(He is not rich)

13.2 Thi qu kh.

Nu ng t mnh trc chia simple past th ng t mnh 2 phi chia perfect.

as ifSubject + verb (simplepast) + as

though

+ subject + verb (past perfect)

V d:

Betty talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize.Past simple past perfect

(She didnt win the grand prize.)

Jeff looked as if he had seen a ghost.Past simple past perfect

(She didnt see a ghost.)

He looked as though he had run ten miles.Past simple past perfect

(He didnt run ten miles.)

C 2 dng chia sau as if u din t iu kin khng

th thc hin c.

Lu :

Trong mt s trng hp nu iu kin l c tht th 2 cng thc trn khng ctun theo. ng t li tr v dng bnh thng theo din bin ca cu.

V d:


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52 Try and acquire


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He looks as if he has finish the test.

14. Cch s dng ng t To hope v to wish.

Hai ng t ny tuy ng ngha nhng khc nhau v

mt ng php.

+ ng sau ng t to hope l mt cu din binbnh thng.

V d:

I hope that they will come. ( I dont know if they are

coming.) ( Ti hy vng l h s ti.)

We hope that they came yesterday. ( We dont know if they came.)

+ Nhng ng t to wish li i hi ng sau n phi l mt iu kin khng ththc hin c. iu kin ny chia lm 3 thi.

14.1 Thi tng lai.

ng t mnh sau s phi l Would / could + verb hoc were + Ving.

Could + verbSubject + wish + (that) + Subject* + would + verb + ...

were + Ving

Subject* : c th l cng hoc khc ch ng vi ch ng trong

mnh chnh.

V d:

We wish that you could come to the party tonight. (You

cant come.)

I wish that you would stop saying that. (You probably

wont stop.)

She wish that she were coming with us. ( She is not

coming with us.)

14.2 Thi hin ting t mnh 2 s chia simple past. ng t to be phi chia lm were tt c cc

Subject + wish + (that) + Subject* + verb in simple past ...

V d:

I wish that I had enough time to finish my homework. ( I dont have

enough time.)

We wish that he were old enough to come with us. ( He is not old

enough.)

They wish that they didnt have to go to class today. ( They have to

go to class.)


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14.3 Thi qu kh.ng t mnh sau s phi chia Past perfect hoc Could have + P2

Past perfectSubject + wish + (that) + Subject +



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Could have + P2

V d:

I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday. ( I didnt wash the

clothes yesterday.) She wish that she could have been there. ( She

couldnt be there.)

We wish that we had had more time last night. ( We didnt have more

time.)

Lu :

ng t wish ch c th nh hng n mnh ng sau n bng cchbuc mnh phi iu kin khng th thc hin c. Nhng iu kin thi no li do thi gian ca mnh quyt nh khng h ph thucvo thi ca ng t to wish.

V d:

He wished that he could come to the party next week.Qu kh iu kin tng lai Tng lai

Ph hp v thi

The photographer wished that we stood closer together than we are standing now.Qu kh iu kin hin ti hin ti

Ph hp v thi

- Phi phn bit vi to wish dng cu ny vi ngha c g, mong g vi to wishmucu sau:

To wish somebody something

V d:

I wish you a happy birthday.

15. Cch s dng thnh ng used to v get/be used to

15.1 used to.

Used to + [Verb in simple form]... ( Thng hay, u tng) (*)

Ch mt thi quen, hnh ng thng xuyn xy ra lp i lp

li trong qu kh.

V d:

When David was young, he used to swim once a day. ( Thi quen trong qu kh)

Chuyn sang cu nghi vn:

Did + Subject + use to + Verb


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= Used + Subject + to + verb.

V d:

When David was young, did he use to swim

once a day?used he to swim once a

day?

Cu ph nh:

Subject + didnt + use to +

Verb

= Subject + used not to +

verb.

V d:

When David was young, he didnt use to swim

once a day.

he used not to swim once a

day.

15.2 get / be used to.

BE / GET USED TO + VING

( tr nn quen vi) (noun)

Lu : Trong cng thc (*) c th thay used to = Would nhng d nhm ln.

16. Cch s dng thnh ng Would rather

Would rather ... than = Prefer ... to

(Thch ... hn l; th ... hn l)

ng sau would rather phi l mt ng t nguyn th b to (bare infinitive) nhng sau pre-

fer phi l mt verb+ing.V d:

John would rather drink Coca-Cola than orange juice.

John prefer drinking Coca-Cola to drinking orange juice.

Lu :

Vic s dng thnh ng ny cn tu thuc vo s ch ng v ngha ca cu

16.1 Loi cu c mt ch ng.


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loi cu ny ch dng Would rather (khng c than) v chia lm 2 thi :

1. Thi hin ti.



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ng t sau Would rather l nguyn th b to. Nu mun dng ph nh t nottrc ng t nguyn th b to ( cng thc 1)

Subject + Would rather + (not) bare infinitive (1)

V d:

Jim would rather go to class tomorrow

Trong cu ny ngi ni mun ni Jim thch n lp vo ngy mai (ch hm nay Jim khmun)

2. Thi qu kh. thi qu kh sau would rather l have + past participle (hay cn gi l phn t 2 - P2) -thc 2.

Subject + would rather + have + (P2) (2)

V d:

John would rather have gone to class yesterday than today ( John thch i hc vongy hm qua hn ngy hm nay).

16.2 Loi cu c 2 ch ng loi cu ny thnh ng c s dng s l Would rather that (c g, mong

g) v chia lm nhng mu cu nh sau:

1. Cu gi nh

L loi cu din t ngi th nht mun ngi th 2 lm mt vic g, nhng lm hay khng cn tu thuc vo vo pha ngi th 2. Do vy cu trcng t sau ch ng 2 phi l nguyn th b to - Cng thc 1.

Subject1 + Would rather that + Subject2 + bare infinitive(1)

V d:

I would rather that Jones call me tomorrow ( Ti mun Johnes gi in cho ti vongy mai - Nhng Jones c gi in cho ngi ni hay khng cn tu vo Jones).

We would rather that he take this train. (p chuyn tu hay khng cn tu

vo anh y - H ch mun vy).

2. iu kin khng thc hin c hin ti (ngha ca cu tri vi thc t).

ng t sau ch ng 2 s chia Simple past, ng t to be s phi c chia thnh Werec ccngi - Cng thc 2

Subject1 + would rather that + Subject2 + Simple past...(2)

V d:


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Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same

department as he does

(In fact his girlfriend doesnt work in the same department.)

Jane would rather that it were winter now.

(It is not winter now.)

Nhn xt:

- Trong cc cu trn ngha ca v th 2 lun tri vi thc t thi im hin ti.

- Nu mun thnh lp th ph nh dng Did not + verb

Were not + verb

3. iu kin khng th thc hin c trong qu kh ( Ngha ca cu l tr i vi thc t.

Trong loi cu ny ng t mnh th 2 s phi c chia Past perfect - Cthc 1.

Subject1 + would rather that + Subject2 + Past perfect (1)

V d:

Jim would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday.

(nhng trong thc t th Jill u khng ti lp ngy hm qua v ngi ni ch lylm tic l Jill u khng ti lp vo ngy hm qua.)

Nhn xt: Trn thc t ngha ca to wish v would rather that (vi ngha c,mong mun) trong trng hp trn l ging nhau nhng Wish c s dng trongting Anh bnh dn (hng ngy). Cn Would rather that mang kch tnh nhiuhn.

17. Cch s dng Would LikeThnh ng ny dng mi mc ngi khc mt cch lch s hoc din

t mong mun ca mnh mt cch nhu nhn sau phi l ng t nguyn thc to (infinitive).

Subject + would like + [to + verb] ...

V d:

Would you like to dance with me?

I would like to visit Hongkong.We would like to order now, please.

The president would like to be re-

elected.

They would like to study at the

university.

Would you like to see a movie

tonight?

Lu :- Nu hnh ng c xc nh c th v mt thi gian hoc thi gian l


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hi n ti th dng ng t nguyn th sau like.

- Nhng nu thi gian l khng xc nh th phi dng Verb+ing.



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- Had better, ought to, be supposed to ni chung l ng ngha vi should vi iukin l ng t to be phi chia thi hin ti.

- be supposed to ngoi ngha tng ng vi should cn mang ngha quy

nh phi, bt buc phi.

V d:

We are supposed to have a math test this afternoon, but it was postponed becausethe Professor had to attend a science conference.

( Theo quy nh l )

18.3 Must

Must + [verb in simple form]

Ngha l :

- Phi - bt buc rt mnh (ngi b bt buc khng c s la chn no khc)

V d:

One must endorse a check before one cashes it. (ngi ta phi k sau tm sc trrttin).

George must call his insurance agent today.

A pharmacist must keep a record of the prescriptions

that are filled.

Documents

NP Thay Manh