NREGA - Social welfare Scheme - Sandeep

8/9/2019 NREGA - Social welfare Scheme - Sandeep

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NREGA.NREGA.

Presented by :

SANDEEP RANA

SAI JIN YOON

PRATEEK MUDGAL

PRASHANT MANKOTIA PARDEEP PATEL.


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y In a rural agrarian labour surplus economy, sections of rural populationdepend on the wages they earn through unskilled, casual, manuallabour. They are vulnerable to the possibility of sinking from transientto chronic poverty in the event of inadequate labour demand or in the

face of unpredictable crises that may be general in nature, like naturaldisasters or personal, like ill-health, all of which adversely impact their employment opportunities.


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y In the context of poverty and unemployment, workfare programmeshave been important programme interventions in developed as well asdeveloping countries for many years.

y These programmes typically provide unskilled manual workers with

short-term employment on public works such as irrigationinfrastructure, afforestation, soil conservation and road construction.The rationale for workfare programmes rests on some basicconsiderations. The programmes provide income transfers to poor households during critical times and therefore enable consumptionsmoothing specially during slack agricultural seasons or years.


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y In countries with high unemployment rates, transfer benefits from workfare programmes can prevent poverty from worsening, especially during lean periods. Durable assets that these programmes may create have the potential

to generate a second-round of employment benefits as necessaryinfrastructure is developed. The need to evolve a mechanism to supplementexisting livelihood sources in rural areas was recognized early duringDevelopment Planning in India.

y The NREGA, the flagship programme of the UPA government, wasrevolutionary in its promise of inclusive growth, the right to work and thedignity of labour and a rational, participatory relationship with the State. Andit has mostly delivered

y The first and the primary focus should be to examine its impact on thehuman resource base of rural India. Has it energized, mobilized, empowered,and delivered to Indias poorest and most marginalized rural people?Secondly, has it provided those who were not shining a measure of dignity,tangible economic benefit, and a motivation to participate in local action?


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y Political Factors Behind NREGA.


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The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, (NREGA) was notifiedon September 7, 2005.

y OBJECTIVE OF THE ACT

y The objective of the Act is to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in afinancial year to every household whose adultmembers volunteer to do unskilled manual work.


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NREGA GOALSStrong social safety net for the vulnerable groups by providing a fall-

back employment source, when other employment alternatives arescarce or inadequate Growth engine for sustainable development of anagricultural economy.Through the process of providing employment on works that addresscauses of chronic poverty such as drought, deforestation and soil

erosion, the Act seeks to strengthen the natural resource base of rurallivelihood and create durable assets in rural areas.


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y K ey Stakeholders are:

y i) Wage seekers

y ii) Gram Sabha

y iii) Gram panchayat

y iv) Programme Officer at the block level

y v) District Programme Coordinator

y vi) State Government

y vii) Ministry of Rural Development


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Key Processes

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Application for job card

Issue of job card

Demand for employment

Work allocation

Payment of wages

Selection of works

Approval of shelf of projects

Informing village PRI

Preparation of estimates And approvals

Acknowledgement of demand

Maintenance of muster roll

Verification


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Issues critical to fulfillment of NREGA objective

y Obtaining and acknowledging applications for employment

To ascertain choices and perceptions of households regarding leanseason employment.

To ensure exercise of the right to employment within the timespecified of fifteen days.

To ensure that works are started where and when there is demand for labour, not demand for works the process of issuing a datedacknowledgement for the application for employment needs to bescrupulously observed.

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Selection of works by gram sabha in villages and display after approval of shelf of projectsTo ensure public choice, transparency and accountability and prevent material intensive, contractor based works and concoctedworks records.

Execution of WorksAt least half the works should be run by gram panchayats.

Maintenance of muster roll by executing agency -numbered muster rolls which only show job card holders must be found at each work.


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Regular measurement of work done according to a schedule of rates.

y Supervision of Works by qualified technical personnel on time.y Reading out muster rolls on work site during regular measurement to

prevent bogus records and payment of wages below prescribed levelsPayment of wages through banks and post offices to close avenues for use of contractors, and corruption.


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NREGA: Fundamental Principlesy Employment on demand.

y Legal right.

y Universal entitlement.

y Participatory approach.

y Accountability to PRIs.(PRIs Panchayati Raj Institutions).

y Full transparency.


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NREGA: Basic Entitlementsy Employment within 15 days of application.

y Unemployment allowance.

y Work within 5 kilometres.

y Minimum wages.

y Payment within 15 days.

y No gender discrimination.

y Basic worksite facilities.


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Worksite Management & Facilities

Crche Facility

Rest Shed For Workers

Health Check up for Job Card Holders


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T oilet at ever worksite for women

workers.

Special Focus towardsaged & disabled

Worksite Management


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y The work is organized through the Panchayat system and the poor have a stake in the work right at the beginning.

y Special emphasis has been given to the rights of workers andthey have been made fully aware of their entitlements.

All the payments are made only through the individual bank accounts of workers. This is the ultimate preventer of corruption.


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Implementation of NREGA has contributed to very high levels of women empowerment, particularly in the following aspects.

As the work is organized by womens groups, the gender perspectivegets built in automatically.

y As women are comfortable working along with their neighbors, nearly80% of the workers have been women.


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y For the first time equal wages are really paid and this has boosted theearnings of women.As the wages are paid into Bank accounts the habit of thrift which wasalready inculcated through the K udumbashree( K erela) experiment hasfurther been strengthened.As the Bank deposits are increasing, the intra-household status of thewoman has also been improving commensurately as she controls

substantial cash resources and withdrawal can be only on her decision.


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Participation of

Women

Participation of SC & ST

Participation of Minority

Participation of Economically

BackwardSection


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Benefits and Shortcoming of NREGA.

About 4.5 crore households across the country benefited from the pioneering National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in thefinancial year 2008-09, an increase of 32 per cent over the previous

year, According to the Economic survey.

The NREGS, the flagship programme of the previous UnitedProgressive Alliance (UPA), aimed at generating jobs in the ruralareas, provided employment to over 4.47 crore households in the

previous fiscal.

"This is a significant jump over the 3.39 crore households coveredunder the scheme during 2007-08," the Survey noted.


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Out of the 215.63 crore person-days created under the scheme duringthis period (2008-09). 29 per cent and 25 per cent were in favour of SCand ST population, respectively, and 48 peer cent of the total person-days created went in favour of women," According to Survey.

y According to the Survey, agriculture debt waiver and relief schemes

implemented in 2008-09 helped in restoring institutional credit tofarmers apart from reviving investment in rural areas.


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SOCIAL AUDITy Social Audit is a process wherein the community does an inspection,

openly in public, of the quality, income-expenditure, profit-loss of a project, development work or a programme being carried out in itsarea.

y Accountability of a person carrying out a work is an importantmethod of ensuring that the work is carried out properly .


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Major Objectives of Social Audit :

y Developing among the people a culture to question, encouraging the people to protect and assert their rights and benefits;

y Seeking peoples participation in decision making process in localdevelopment;

y Empowering the people particularly the marginalized; bringing abouttransparency in works, projects, programmes and organizations, etc.


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y A study by think-tank National Council of Applied Economic Research(NCAER) and NGO Public Interest Foundation (PIF) has found manyflaws in National Rural Employment Guarantee Act/scheme(NREGA), including funds not reaching its intended beneficiaries,

significant inflation in official numbers regarding creation of actual jobs and man-days as well as red - tapism blocking proper implementation.

y Cases of corruption, fudging in muster rolls, discrepancies in work days and payments have been reported in almost all studies,


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y The report cited field surveys, social audits and independent studies toshow that in many cases, there was even discrimination against SCs,women and the disabled. The northern region (of the country), in

particular, has extremely low levels of women participation, it said.


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y According to data provided on the NREGA website, maintained by theMinistry of Rural Development, the percentage of job cards issued toregistered households varies across states. For some states like

Maharashtra it stands at 12%, while for others such as Andhra Pradeshit is over 90%.

y Delay in distribution of job cardsy The point of concern, however, is not just the percentage of issue of

job cards but the percentage of distribution of job cards. Though jobcards have been prepared across most states, in many states they havenot reached the people, thereby restricting their right to demand work.


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y U nsolicited fees being charged for work application forms

y Fees for application forms are being charged in many states likeGujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand. The fee ranges from Rs 5 toRs 50 in some states. Forms are also sold openly in local markets. Thisflouts the NREGA guidelines that state that applications may even be

submitted to the gram panchayat on a plain piece of paper.

y A bsence of worksite facilities

y The NREGA provides for facilities for safe drinking water, shade for children, periods of rest and a first-aid box at the work site. Somereports from the field in Orissa, Chhattisgarh , Jharkhand , MadhyaPradesh and Gujarat observe a complete lack of facilities at theworksite


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y P resence of contractorsy L ike in many other rural development programmes, contractors are

increasingly becoming a threat to the NREGA. Though this may not bevery apparent on the surface, private contractors are slowly findingtheir way into the system.

y Delays in wage payments have always been a matter of concern in

previous employment programmes, and this issue continues to plaguethe NREGA. Wage payments are delayed for weeks, sometimesmonths. The time lag varies from state to state.


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y P ayment of less than the minimum wagey In many states, workers do not earn minimum wages. For instance, in

Gujarats Sabarkantha district the paid wage is as low as Rs 4 to Rs 7;in K alahandi district (Bhawanipatna block) of Orissa workers earn

between Rs 40-Rs 50, whereas the minimum wage is Rs 55. Womenare paid even less about Rs 30 per day. In some states likeJharkhand, workers are paid as little as Rs 10.


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.Thank You

Give us Good Marks , we have worked hard on this.

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NREGA - Social welfare Scheme - Sandeep