Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
20052005--1010--2626 11
Numerical Numerical modelingmodeling of material fluxes of material fluxes on the floodplain wetland of on the floodplain wetland of PPilicailica RRiveriver, ,
PPolandoland
Artur MagnuszewskiArtur Magnuszewski
Edyta KiedrzyńskaEdyta Kiedrzyńska
Iwona WagnerIwona Wagner--Łotkowska Łotkowska Maciej ZalewskiMaciej Zalewski
W3M ConferenceW3M Conference„ „ For Wetlands: Monitoring, Modelling and ManagementFor Wetlands: Monitoring, Modelling and Management””
2222--25 September 200525 September 2005
20052005--1010--2626 22
LLOCATION OF THE PILICA RIVEROCATION OF THE PILICA RIVER
Sulejow gauge
A=3909 km2
MQ=27.6 m3/s
HQ=161 m3/s
20052005--1010--2626 33Fot. I. Wagner-Łotkowska
Sulejów Przedbórz
1 2 3 4km
Sulejow
Piotrkow
Trybunalski
Strawa
Przedbórz
SULEJÓ
W R
ESERVOIR
LUCIĄŻA R
IVER
PIL
ICA
Przygłów
Pilica RiverFloodplain
LLOCATION OF THE PILICA RIVER FLOODPLAINOCATION OF THE PILICA RIVER FLOODPLAIN
20052005--1010--2626 44
SStudytudyareaarea
20052005--1010--2626 55
PLANT COMMUNITIES ON THE FLOODPLAINPLANT COMMUNITIES ON THE FLOODPLAIN
20052005--1010--2626 66
6% 1%
25%
65%
gatunki łąkowe
Carex gracilis i vesicaria
Phragmites australis
Plants cover
Scirpus sylvaticus
0
3000
12000
15000
gatunki kowełąmeadow species
Carex sp . Phragmites australis
Scirpus sylvaticus
[Kg s.m./ha]
wiosnaspring
latosummer
jesieńautumn6000
9000
Biomasabiomass
zawartość P[%]P content [%]
P[%]
0
3000
12000
15000
6000
9000
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
The seasonal changeof biomass and phosphorus
content
ABILITY TO PHOSPHORUS ASSIMILATIONABILITY TO PHOSPHORUS ASSIMILATION BY NATIVE SPECIESBY NATIVE SPECIES
20052005--1010--2626 77
mediummediummoistmoist
droughtdrought
Biomass and phosphorus content of Salix sp. in different hydrological habitat
conditions
S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. fragilisfragilisfragilisfragilisfragilisfragilisfragilisfragilis S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. purpureapurpureapurpureapurpureapurpureapurpureapurpureapurpurea S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. triandratriandratriandratriandratriandratriandratriandratriandra
flowflowconditionsconditions
moistmoist
MOISTMOISTMOISTMOISTMOISTMOISTMOISTMOIST DROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHT
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
S.fragilis S.purpurea S.triandra S.aurita S.cinerea
surv
ival ra
te
living dead
Survival rate of autochtonic Salix sp.on the experimental study areaof the floodplain
0
200
400
600
[kg d.w./ha]
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
[kg P/ha]
MOISTMOISTMOISTMOISTMOISTMOISTMOISTMOIST DROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHT MOISTMOISTMOISTMOISTMOISTMOISTMOISTMOIST DROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTDROUGHTŁukasz Michalak, 2003
ABILITY TO PHOSPHORUS ASSIMILATIONABILITY TO PHOSPHORUS ASSIMILATION BY WILLOWSBY WILLOWS
20052005--1010--2626 88
ENHANCEMENT OF ABSORBING CAPACITY OF FLOODPLAIN
for nutrients trapping
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS ACCUMULATIONIN FLOODPLAIN BIOMASS
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS ACCUMULATIONTOTAL PHOSPHORUS ACCUMULATIONIN FLOODPLAIN BIOMASSIN FLOODPLAIN BIOMASS
20052005--1010--2626 99
DDAILY WATER STAGES AILY WATER STAGES at the gauge at the gauge SulejowSulejow--KopalniaKopalnia inin::a dry year (1992), wet year (1997) a dry year (1992), wet year (1997)
and averaged for a period (1991and averaged for a period (1991--2000)2000)
20052005--1010--2626 1010
WATER LEVEL of the Pilica River – TP concentration
130
160
190
220
250
280
1 lis 1 gru 1 sty 1 lut 1 mar 1 kwi 1 maj
stan
y w
ody
[cm
]
Treshold levelfor inflow
to the wetland
wat e
rle
vel[c
m]
November 2002 May 2003
ConcentrationConcentration of the TP transported with of the TP transported with the the PilicaPilica River during floodsRiver during floods
20052005--1010--2626 1111
DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELDIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL
Boundary of the model based onDTM analysis
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
flooded area (103 m2)
wat
er s
tage
(cm
)
20052005--1010--2626 1212
VELOCITY FIELD STRUCTUREVELOCITY FIELD STRUCTURE
Knight, Shiono (1996)
20052005--1010--2626 1313
FLOODPLAIN INNUNDATION WAYS FLOODPLAIN INNUNDATION WAYS
In 1
In 2
In 3
20052005--1010--2626 1414
CCHE2DCCHE2D MODEL DATA PREPARATION MODEL DATA PREPARATION
US-Poland
Technology Transfer Program
of US Agency
for International
Development
(US-AID)
TTTTwowowowo----dimensional depthdimensional depthdimensional depthdimensional depth----averaged, unsteady, flow and sediment model. It is based on deptaveraged, unsteady, flow and sediment model. It is based on deptaveraged, unsteady, flow and sediment model. It is based on deptaveraged, unsteady, flow and sediment model. It is based on depthhhh----averaged averaged averaged averaged NavierNavierNavierNavier----Stokes Stokes Stokes Stokes equations. The turbulent shear stress are approximated using equations. The turbulent shear stress are approximated using equations. The turbulent shear stress are approximated using equations. The turbulent shear stress are approximated using Boussineq’sBoussineq’sBoussineq’sBoussineq’s approximation and the turbulent eddy approximation and the turbulent eddy approximation and the turbulent eddy approximation and the turbulent eddy viscosity, with the use of three different closure schemes. The viscosity, with the use of three different closure schemes. The viscosity, with the use of three different closure schemes. The viscosity, with the use of three different closure schemes. The set of equations is solved implicitly using control set of equations is solved implicitly using control set of equations is solved implicitly using control set of equations is solved implicitly using control volume approach and efficient element method. The sediment flow volume approach and efficient element method. The sediment flow volume approach and efficient element method. The sediment flow volume approach and efficient element method. The sediment flow is calculated assuming nonis calculated assuming nonis calculated assuming nonis calculated assuming non----uniform material in a uniform material in a uniform material in a uniform material in a nonnonnonnon----equilibrium transport model. The equations for suspended, equilibrium transport model. The equations for suspended, equilibrium transport model. The equations for suspended, equilibrium transport model. The equations for suspended, bedloadbedloadbedloadbedload or total load are solved using efficient or total load are solved using efficient or total load are solved using efficient or total load are solved using efficient element element element element ofofofof mmmmethodethodethodethod or exponential difference schemeor exponential difference schemeor exponential difference schemeor exponential difference scheme....
20052005--1010--2626 1515
Geometry Geometry ofof thethe Pilica Pilica riverriver valleyvalley
5 m spatial distance of x,y,z coordinates obtained from DTM
20052005--1010--2626 1616
3
3
2
2 2
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
45
6’
6’
6’
6’
6’
LAND COVER LAND COVER andand MANNING ROUGHNESS MANNING ROUGHNESS
1-sand channel of Pilica 0.025oxbow channel 0.070
2-grass 0.0353-reed 0.0504-willow 0.1505-forest 0.1006’–Carex sp. 0.042
20052005--1010--2626 1717
ROUGHNESS DEFFINITION by NCCHE2D MODEL ROUGHNESS DEFFINITION by NCCHE2D MODEL
20052005--1010--2626 1818
SUSPENDED SEDIMENTSUSPENDED SEDIMENT
Suspended Suspended sedimentsediment transport transport comprisecomprise 8585--95 % 95 % ofof thethe totaltotalsedimentssediments transport transport inin thethe mountainmountain andand uplandupland riversrivers, , uniqueunique isis thethe Vistula Vistula riverriver withwith 6565--70 %70 %
MomentaryMomentary sedimentsediment concentrationconcentration ofof thethe Pilica Pilica riverriver atatPrzedborzPrzedborz gaugegauge isis inin thethe rangerange: : 1 g/m1 g/m3 3 –– 150 g/m150 g/m33
MonthlyMonthly averageaverage sedimentsediment concentartionconcentartion ofof thethe Pilica Pilica RiverRiver atatPrzedborzPrzedborz isis inin thethe rangerange: : 5 g/m5 g/m3 3 -- 41 g/m41 g/m33
ppm=mg/l = g/m3
20052005--1010--2626 1919
Grain size of soil samples
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Fi
t
1
2
4
5
6
7
11
12
wetland (samples 3 and 7)d50=0.108-0.176 mm
river channel deposits (samples 1, 2)
d50= 0.205-0.368 mm
bank deposits (samples 4, 5, 6)
d50=0.137-0.197 mm
PIHM bedload samplerd50 = 0.55 mm
river suspended sediments d50 = 0.0195 mm
LOCATION OF THE SOIL SAMPLESLOCATION OF THE SOIL SAMPLES
20052005--1010--2626 2020
X-I 1986-1987
0
20
40
60
0 100 200 300 400
water stage (cm)
Cs
(m
g/s
)
II-IV 1986-1987
01020304050
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
water stage (cm)
Cs (
mg
/l)
V-IX 1986-1987
0
20
40
60
80
0 200 400 600
water stage (cm)
Cs
(mg/
l)
Sulejow gauge (H) and Przedborzgauge (Cs)
WATER STAGE – SEDIMENTS RELATIONSHIP
20052005--1010--2626 2121
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION AND DISCHARGE
minor flood after thelowflows period
1996 03 16 – 1996 03 30Sulejow gauge
Cs = 22 mg/dm3 has beenobserved 4 days inadvance before Q max= 48 m3/s
20052005--1010--2626 2222
SEDIMENTS TRAPSSEDIMENTS TRAPS
12 sediments traps in 5 transects
front door plastic mats 45 x 50 cm
20052005--1010--2626 2323
SEDIMENTS TRAPS EXPOSITIONSEDIMENTS TRAPS EXPOSITION
- exposition time 634 days (2002 11 01 – 2003 07 29).
- the highest stage was 260 cm, the most frequent were stages 170-180 cm
- long term average stage of the Pilica river at Sulejow gauge is 171 cm corresponding to mean discharge of 23.3 m3/s.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 50 100 150
number of days
wate
r s
tag
e (
cm
)
20052005--1010--2626 2424
WILLOW PLANTATIONSWILLOW PLANTATIONSplantation no. 1 (900 m2) plantation no. 3 (1225 m2)
20052005--1010--2626 2525
NCCHE2D MODEL VELOCITY FIELD SIMULATIONNCCHE2D MODEL VELOCITY FIELD SIMULATION
-simulation range: H=210÷300 cm with 10 cm interval.
- average velocity in the verticals in two scenarios has been compared using two monitoring points located in the centers of largest plantations no. 1 and 3.
H=300 cm, natural conditions
20052005--1010--2626 2626
VELOCITY CHANGE IN WILLOW PLANTATIONSVELOCITY CHANGE IN WILLOW PLANTATIONScalculatedcalculated by NCCHE2D modelby NCCHE2D model
MP1 MP2
H (cm)Q
(m3/s) Scenario 0
vh
(m/s)
Scenario 1
vh
(m/s)
Scenario 0
vh
(m/s)
Scenario 1
vh
(m/s)
210 50.0 0 0 0 0
220 59.0 0 0 0 0
230 68.0 0 0 0.00308 0.00135
240 79.0 0 0 0.00173 0.00215
250 90.0 0 0 0.00521 0.00496
260 102 0 0 0.0121 0.00910
270 117 0 0 0.0181 0.0152
280 133 0.247 0.0670 0.0397 0.0256
290 149 0.291 0.0667 0.0577 0.0255
300 166 0.328 0.0852 0.0687 0.0384
Plantation 1 (MP1) is located on a higher terrace, and is
inundated only at the stages 280 cm (113 m3/s) and higher. Plantation 3 (MP2) is located on the elevation which flooded on average 10 days per year.
20052005--1010--2626 2727
SEDIMENTATION DISTRIBUTIONSEDIMENTATION DISTRIBUTION
- there is a weak negative correlation (r=-0,309) between total mass of sedimentation and elevation of the measuring point.
- in a higher parts of floodplain (170,5 m a.s.l.) covered by meadows - the dry mass is 3,5 g/m2, with 54 % contribution of organic mass.
- on the posts located 50 cm lower (170 m a.s.l.) covered by wetland grass the amount of deposited sediments is close to 41 g/m2 , with 38% contribution of organic matter
20052005--1010--2626 2828
NCCHE2D NCCHE2D SEDIMENTATION SIMULATION RESULTS SEDIMENTATION SIMULATION RESULTS andand VERIFICATIONVERIFICATION
sedimentationtransport intensityat H=300 cm stage
P 3
P1
20052005--1010--2626 2929
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
- there is positive influence of plantations on improving sedimentation conditions. Increase of sediment transport indicates the better chance for sedimentation, which is confirmed also by the positive bed elevation change. Model shows small increase of average vertical velocity, bed shear,
and lowering of water depth.
- the results of NCCHE2D suspended sediments transport during the Pilica river floodplain inundation are giving the good indication of potential sedimentation at the study site. The spatial distribution of this parameter can serve as a good tool for planing the optimal location of the willow plantations.
- both willow plantations no. 1 and 3 are located at the edge of high sediment transport and sedimentation area. This location is a compromise between moderate sedimentation potential, proper moisture conditions at the willows root zone, available space for performing experiment (land ownership). Location at the place of highest floodplain sedimentation is questionable due to a risk of high sediments accumulation but also erosion.
20052005--1010--2626 3030
- interesting is high contribution of organic matter in suspended sediment. Droppo (2003) states that suspended sediment is not made of discrete sediments particles, but rather flocks with an active biological community. Flocks have high porosity and low density close to water which influence the sedimentation velocity
- the sediments transport pattern obtained from the NCCHE2D model has shown that suspended sediment concentration declines with the distance from the main channel, but exhibits the plumes behavior along major flow paths. This is in accordance of Nicholas (2003) findings, who suggests that suspended sediments transport on the natural floodplains is dominated by advection.
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
20052005--1010--2626 3131
LITERATURELITERATURE
�� KnightKnight D.W., D.W., ShionoShiono KK, 1996, , 1996, RiverRiver channelchannel andandfloodplainfloodplain hydraulicshydraulics.. [i[in:] Anderson M.G., n:] Anderson M.G., WallingWallingD.E., D.E., BatesBates P.D. (ed.) P.D. (ed.) FloodplainFloodplain processesprocesses. John . John WileyWiley& & SonsSons. Chichester.. Chichester.
�� MoriswaMoriswa MM., 1985, ., 1985, Rivers forms and processesRivers forms and processes. . Longman, London. Longman, London.
�� SoczynskaSoczynska U., U., MagnuszewskiMagnuszewski A., A., NowickaNowicka B., B., JelowickiJelowicki J.,J., 2002, 2002, Floodplain inundation based on Floodplain inundation based on coupled hydraulic and GIS models.coupled hydraulic and GIS models. [w:] van [w:] van LanenLanenH.A., H.A., DemuthDemuth S. (red.) Friend 2002 Regional S. (red.) Friend 2002 Regional Hydrology: Bridging the Gap between research and Hydrology: Bridging the Gap between research and practice. IAHS Publication No. 274practice. IAHS Publication No. 274
�� SzydSzydłłowskiowski MM., 1998, ., 1998, Numeryczna symulacja Numeryczna symulacja przepprzepłływu wody ze swobodnywu wody ze swobodnąą powierzchnipowierzchniąą w w warunkach ruchu szybkozmiennego z warunkach ruchu szybkozmiennego z niecinieciąąggłłoośściamiciami, ,
PhDPhD thesisthesis, , TechnicalTechnical UniversityUniversity ofof GdaGdańńsksk..
