Occupational health and safety management systems ... · and safety management systems Specification ... Guide to occupational health and safety management ... these referenced documents

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT SERIES OHSAS 18001:1999 Incorporating Amendment No. 1

Occupational health and safety management systems — Specification

IMPORTANT

BSI-OHSAS 18001 is not a British Standard

BSI-OHSAS 18001 will be withdrawn on publication of its contents in, or as, a British Standard

ICS 03.100.01; 13.100

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OHSAS 18001:1999

This OHSAS publication comes into effect on 15 April 1999

© BSI 13 December 2002

ISBN 0 580 28298 8

Acknowledgement

OHSAS 18001 has been developed with the assistance of the following co-operating organizations:

National Standards Authority of Ireland

South African Bureau of Standards

British Standards Institution

Bureau Veritas Quality International

Det Norske Veritas

Lloyds Register Quality Assurance

National Quality Assurance

SFS Certification

SGS Yarsley International Certification Services

Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación

International Safety Management Organisation Ltd

Standards and Industry Research Institute of Malaysia (Quality Assurance Services)

International Certification Services

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

14223 13 December 2002 Indicated by a sideline in the margin

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OHSAS 18001:1999

© BSI 13 December 2002 i

ContentsPage

Foreword ii1 Scope 12 Reference publications 13 Terms and definitions 14 OH&S management system elements 34.1 General requirements 44.2 OH&S policy 44.3 Planning 54.4 Implementation and operation 74.5 Checking and corrective action 104.6 Management review 12

Annex A (informative) Correspondence between OHSAS 18001, ISO 14001:1996,ISO 9001:1994 and ISO 9001:2000 13Annex B (informative) Corrspondence between OHSAS 18001, OHSAS 18002, and theILO-OSH:2001 Guidelines on occupational safety and health management systems 17

Bibliography 21

Table A.1 — Correspondence between OHSAS 18001, ISO 14001:1996 andISO 9001:1994 13Table A.2 — Correspondence between OHSAS 18001, ISO 14001:1996 andISO 9001:2000 15Table B.1 — Correspondence between the clauses of the OHSAS documents and theclauses of the ILO-OSH Guidelines 20

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OHSAS 18001:1999

© BSI 13 December 2002ii

ForewordThis Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) specification and theaccompanying OHSAS 18002, Guidelines for the implementation of OHSAS 18001, havebeen developed in response to urgent customer demand for a recognizable occupationalhealth and safety management system standard against which their management systemscan be assessed and certified.

OHSAS 18001 is compatible with the ISO 9001:1994, ISO 9001:2000 (Quality) andISO 14001:1996 (Environmental) management systems standards, in order to facilitatethe integration of quality, environmental and occupational health and safety managementsystems by organizations, should they wish to do so.

This OHSAS specification will be reviewed or amended when considered appropriate.Reviews will be conducted when new editions of either ISO 9001 or ISO 14001 arepublished, to ensure continuing compatibility.

This OHSAS specification will be withdrawn on publication of its contents in, or as, aninternational standard.

For the United Kingdom:� BSI-OHSAS 18001 is not a British Standard;

� BSI-OHSAS 18001 will be withdrawn on publication of its content in, or as, aBritish Standard;

� BSI-OHSAS 18001 is published by BSI which retains its ownership andcopyright.

The development process used for OHSAS 18001 is open to other sponsors wishing toproduce similar types of documents in association with BSI, provided that those sponsorsare willing to comply with BSI’s conditions for such documents.

Publications referred to during the development of this OHSAS specification

The following documents were referenced during the development of this OHSASspecification:

BS 8800:1996, Guide to occupational health and safety management systemsTechnical Report NPR 5001:1997, Guide to an occupational health and safetymanagement systemSGS & ISMOL ISA 2000:1997, Requirements for Safety and Health ManagementSystemsBVQI SafetyCert, Occupational Safety and Health Management StandardDNV, Standard for Certification of Occupational Health and Safety ManagementSystems (OHSMS):1997Draft NSAI SR 320, Recommendation for an Occupational Health and Safety(OH & S) Management SystemDraft AS/NZ 4801, Occupational health and safety management systems —Specification with guidance for useDraft BSI PAS 088, Occupational health and safety management systems

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OHSAS 18001:1999

© BSI 13 December 2002 iii

UNE 81900 series of pre-standards on the prevention of occupational risksDraft LRQA SMS 8800 Health & safety management systems assessment criteria

OHSAS 18001 will supersede some of these referenced documents.OHSAS 18001 maintains a high level of compatibility with, and technical equivalence toUNE 81900.

This publication does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Usersare responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with this Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Seriespublication does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages I to iv, pages 1 to 21,an inside back cover and a back cover.

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document waslast issued.

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OHSAS 18001:1999

© BSI 13 December 2002 1

1 ScopeThis Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) specification givesrequirements for an occupational health and safety (OH&S) management system, toenable an organization to control its OH&S risks and improve its performance. It does notstate specific OH&S performance criteria, nor does it give detailed specifications for thedesign of a management system.

This OHSAS specification is applicable to any organization that wishes to:

a) establish an OH&S management system to eliminate or minimize risk toemployees and other interested parties who may be exposed to OH&S risksassociated with its activities;

b) implement, maintain and continually improve an OH&S management system; c) assure itself of its conformance with its stated OH&S policy; d) demonstrate such conformance to others; e) seek certification/registration of its OH&S management system by an external

organization; or f) make a self-determination and declaration of conformance with this OHSAS

specification.All the requirements in this OHSAS specification are intended to be incorporated into anyOH&S management system. The extent of the application will depend on such factors asthe OH&S policy of the organization, the nature of its activities and the risks andcomplexity of its operations.

This OHSAS specification is intended to address occupational health and safety ratherthan product and services safety.2 Reference publicationsOther publications that provide information or guidance are listed in the Bibliography. It isadvisable that the latest editions of such publications be consulted. Specifically, referenceshould be made to:

OHSAS 18002:2000, Occupational health and safety management systems — Guidelinesfor the implementation of OHSAS 18001.

BS 8800:1996, Guide to occupational health and safety management systems.

3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this OHSAS specification the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 accidentundesired event giving rise to death, ill health, injury, damage or other loss3.2 auditsystematic examination to determine whether activities and related results conform toplanned arrangements and whether these arrangements are implemented effectively andare suitable for achieving the organization’s policy and objectives (see 3.9)

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3.3 continual improvementprocess of enhancing the OH&S management system, to achieve improvements in overalloccupational health and safety performances, in line with the organization’s OH&S policyNOTE The process need not take place in all areas of activity simultaneously.

3.4 hazardsource or situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damageto property, damage to the workplace environment, or a combination of these3.5 hazard identificationprocess of recognizing that a hazard (see 3.4) exists and defining its characteristics3.6 incidentevent that gave rise to an accident or had the potential to lead to an accidentNOTE An incident where no ill health, injury, damage, or other loss occurs is also referred to as a “near-miss”. The term “incident”includes “near-misses”.

3.7 interested partiesindividual or group concerned with or affected by the OH&S performance of anorganization3.8 nonconformanceany deviation from work standards, practices, procedures, regulations, managementsystem performance etc. that could either directly or indirectly lead to injury or illness,property damage, damage to the workplace environment, or a combination of these3.9 objectivesgoals, in terms of OH&S performance, that an organization sets itself to achieveNOTE Objectives should be quantified wherever practicable.

3.10 occupational health and safetyconditions and factors that affect the well-being of employees, temporary workers,contractor personnel, visitors and any other person in the workplace3.11 OH&S management systempart of the overall management system that facilitates the management of the OH&S risksassociated with the business of the organization. This includes the organizationalstructure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes andresources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining theorganization's OH&S policy3.12 organizationcompany, operation, firm, enterprise, institution or association, or part thereof, whetherincorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and administrationNOTE For organizations with more than one operating unit, a single operating unit may be defined as an organization.

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3.13 performancemeasurable results of the OH&S management system, related to the organization’scontrol of health and safety risks, based on its OH&S policy and objectivesNOTE Performance measurement includes measurement of OH&S management activities and results.

3.14 riskcombination of the likelihood and consequence(s) of a specified hazardous eventoccurring3.15 risk assessmentoverall process of estimating the magnitude of risk and deciding whether or not the risk istolerable3.16 safetyfreedom from unacceptable risk of harm [ISO/IEC Guide 2]3.17 tolerable riskrisk that has been reduced to a level that can be endured by the organization havingregard to its legal obligations and its own OH&S policy4 OH&S management system elements

Figure 1 — Elements of successful OH&S management

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4.1 General requirementsThe organization shall establish and maintain an OH&S management system, therequirements for which are set out in Clause 4.4.2 OH&S policy

Figure 2 — OH&S policy

There shall be an occupational health and safety policy authorized by the organization’stop management, that clearly states overall health and safety objectives and acommitment to improving health and safety performance.

The policy shall:

a) be appropriate to the nature and scale of the organization’s OH&S risks; b) include a commitment to continual improvement; c) include a commitment to at least comply with current applicable OH&S legislation

and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes; d) be documented, implemented and maintained; e) be communicated to all employees with the intent that employees are made

aware of their individual OH&S obligations; f) be available to interested parties; and g) be reviewed periodically to ensure that it remains relevant and appropriate to the

organization.

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4.3 Planning

Figure 3 — Planning

4.3.1 Planning for hazard identification, risk assessment and risk controlThe organization shall establish and maintain procedures for the ongoing identification ofhazards, the assessment of risks, and the implementation of necessary control measures.These shall include:

� routine and non-routine activities;� activities of all personnel having access to the workplace (includingsubcontractors and visitors);� facilities at the workplace, whether provided by the organization or others.

The organization shall ensure that the results of these assessments and the effects ofthese controls are considered when setting its OH&S objectives. The organization shalldocument and keep this information up to date.

The organization’s methodology for hazard identification and risk assessment shall:

� be defined with respect to its scope, nature and timing to ensure it is proactiverather than reactive;� provide for the classification of risks and identification of those that are to beeliminated or controlled by measures as defined in 4.3.3 and 4.3.4;

� be consistent with operating experience and the capabilities of risk controlmeasures employed;

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� provide input into the determination of facility requirements, identification oftraining needs and/or development of operational controls;� provide for the monitoring of required actions to ensure both the effectivenessand timeliness of their implementation.

NOTE For further guidance on hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control, see OHSAS 18002.

4.3.2 Legal and other requirementsThe organization shall establish and maintain a procedure for identifying and accessingthe legal and other OH&S requirements that are applicable to it.

The organization shall keep this information up-to-date. It shall communicate relevantinformation on legal and other requirements to its employees and other relevant interestedparties.

4.3.3 ObjectivesThe organization shall establish and maintain documented occupational health and safetyobjectives, at each relevant function and level within the organization.NOTE Objectives should be quantified wherever practicable.

When establishing and reviewing its objectives, an organization shall consider its legal andother requirements, its OH&S hazards and risks, its technological options, its financial,operational and business requirements, and the views of interested parties. The objectivesshall be consistent with the OH&S policy, including the commitment to continualimprovement.

4.3.4 OH&S management programme(s)The organization shall establish and maintain (an) OH&S management programme(s) forachieving its objectives. This shall include documentation of:

a) the designated responsibility and authority for achievement of the objectives atrelevant functions and levels of the organization; and

b) the means and time-scale by which objectives are to be achieved.

The OH&S management programme(s) shall be reviewed at regular and plannedintervals. Where necessary the OH&S management programme(s) shall be amended toaddress changes to the activities, products, services, or operating conditions of theorganization.

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4.4 Implementation and operation

Figure 4 — Implementation and operation

4.4.1 Structure and responsibilityThe roles, responsibilities and authorities of personnel who manage, perform and verifyactivities having an effect on the OH&S risks of the organization’s activities, facilities andprocesses, shall be defined, documented and communicated in order to facilitate OH&Smanagement.

Ultimate responsibility for occupational health and safety rests with top management. Theorganization shall appoint a member of top management (e.g. in a large organization, aBoard or executive committee member) with particular responsibility for ensuring that theOH&S management system is properly implemented and performing to requirements in alllocations and spheres of operation within the organization.

Management shall provide resources essential to the implementation, control andimprovement of the OH&S management system.NOTE Resources include human resources and specialized skills, technology and financial resources.

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The organization’s management appointee shall have defined roles, responsibilities andauthority for:

a) ensuring that OH&S management system requirements are established,implemented and maintained in accordance with this OHSAS specification;

b) ensuring that reports on the performance of the OH&S management system arepresented to top management for review and as a basis for improvement of theOH&S management system.

All those with management responsibility shall demonstrate their commitment to thecontinual improvement of OH&S performance.

4.4.2 Training, awareness and competencePersonnel shall be competent to perform tasks that may impact on OH&S in theworkplace. Competence shall be defined in terms of appropriate education, training and/orexperience.

The organization shall establish and maintain procedures to ensure that its employeesworking at each relevant function and level are aware of:

� the importance of conformance to the OH&S policy and procedures, and to therequirements of the OH&S management system;

� the OH&S consequences, actual or potential, of their work activities and theOH&S benefits of improved personal performance;

� their roles and responsibilities in achieving conformance to the OH&S policy andprocedures and to the requirements of the OH&S management system, includingemergency preparedness and response requirements (see 4.4.7);

� the potential consequences of departure from specified operating procedures.Training procedures shall take into account differing levels of:

� responsibility, ability and literacy; and

� risk.

4.4.3 Consultation and communicationThe organization shall have procedures for ensuring that pertinent OH&S information iscommunicated to and from employees and other interested parties.

Employee involvement and consultation arrangements shall be documented andinterested parties informed.

Employees shall be:� involved in the development and review of policies and procedures to managerisks;� consulted where there are any changes that affect workplace health and safety;� represented on health and safety matters; and

� informed as to who is their employee OH&S representative(s) and specifiedmanagement appointee (see 4.4.1).

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4.4.4 DocumentationThe organization shall establish and maintain information, in a suitable medium such aspaper or electronic form, that:

a) describes the core elements of the management system and their interaction;and

b) provides direction to related documentation.NOTE It is important that documentation is kept to the minimum required for effectiveness and efficiency.

4.4.5 Document and data controlThe organization shall establish and maintain procedures for controlling all documents anddata required by this OHSAS specification to ensure that:

a) they can be located; b) they are periodically reviewed, revised as necessary and approved for adequacy

by authorized personnel; c) current versions of relevant documents and data are available at all locations

where operations essential to the effective functioning of the OH&S system areperformed;

d) obsolete documents and data are promptly removed from all points of issue andpoints of use or otherwise assured against unintended use; and

e) archival documents and data retained for legal or knowledge preservationpurposes or both, are suitably identified.

4.4.6 Operational controlThe organization shall identify those operations and activities that are associated withidentified risks where control measures need to be applied. The organization shall planthese activities, including maintenance, in order to ensure that they are carried out underspecified conditions by:

a) establishing and maintaining documented procedures to cover situations wheretheir absence could lead to deviations from the OH&S policy and the objectives;

b) stipulating operating criteria in the procedures; c) establishing and maintaining procedures related to the identified OH&S risks of

goods, equipment and services purchased and/or used by the organization andcommunicating relevant procedures and requirements to suppliers andcontractors;

d) establishing and maintaining procedures for the design of workplace, process,installations, machinery, operating procedures and work organization, includingtheir adaptation to human capabilities, in order to eliminate or reduce OH&S risksat their source.

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4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and responseThe organization shall establish and maintain plans and procedures to identify thepotential for, and responses to, incidents and emergency situations, and for preventingand mitigating the likely illness and injury that may be associated with them.

The organization shall review its emergency preparedness and response plans andprocedures, in particular, after the occurrence of incidents or emergency situations.

The organization shall also periodically test such procedures where practicable.

4.5 Checking and corrective action

Figure 5 — Checking and corrective action

4.5.1 Performance measurement and monitoringThe organization shall establish and maintain procedures to monitor and measure OH&Sperformance on a regular basis. These procedures shall provide for:

� both qualitative and quantitative measures, appropriate to the needs of theorganization;� monitoring of the extent to which the organization’s OH&S objectives are met;� proactive measures of performance that monitor compliance with the OH&Smanagement programme, operational criteria and applicable legislation andregulatory requirements;� reactive measures of performance to monitor accidents, ill health, incidents(including near-misses) and other historical evidence of deficient OH&Sperformance;

� recording of data and results of monitoring and measurement sufficient tofacilitate subsequent corrective and preventative action analysis.

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If monitoring equipment is required for performance measurement and monitoring, theorganization shall establish and maintain procedures for the calibration and maintenanceof such equipment. Records of calibration and maintenance activities and results shall beretained.4.5.2 Accidents, incidents, nonconformances and corrective and preventive actionThe organization shall establish and maintain procedures for defining responsibility andauthority for:

a) the handling and investigation of: — accidents; — incidents; — nonconformances; b) taking action to mitigate any consequences arising from accidents, incidents or

nonconformances; c) the initiation and completion of corrective and preventive actions; d) confirmation of the effectiveness of corrective and preventive actions taken.These procedures shall require that all proposed corrective and preventive actions shallbe reviewed through the risk assessment process prior to implementation.

Any corrective or preventive action taken to eliminate the causes of actual and potentialnonconformances shall be appropriate to the magnitude of problems and commensuratewith the OH&S risk encountered.

The organization shall implement and record any changes in the documented proceduresresulting from corrective and preventive action.4.5.3 Records and records managementThe organization shall establish and maintain procedures for the identification,maintenance and disposition of OH&S records, as well as the results of audits andreviews.

OH&S records shall be legible, identifiable and traceable to the activities involved. OH&Srecords shall be stored and maintained in such a way that they are readily retrievable andprotected against damage, deterioration or loss. Their retention times shall be establishedand recorded.

Records shall be maintained, as appropriate to the system and to the organization, todemonstrate conformance to this OHSAS specification.4.5.4 AuditThe organization shall establish and maintain an audit programme and procedures forperiodic OH&S management system audits to be carried out, in order to:

a) determine whether or not the OH&S management system: 1) conforms to planned arrangements for OH&S management including the

requirements of this OHSAS specification; 2) has been properly implemented and maintained; and

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3) is effective in meeting the organization’s policy and objectives; b) review the results of previous audits; c) provide information on the results of audits to management.The audit programme, including any schedule, shall be based on the results of riskassessments of the organization’s activities, and the results of previous audits. The auditprocedures shall cover the scope, frequency, methodologies and competencies, as well asthe responsibilities and requirements for conducting audits and reporting results.

Wherever possible, audits shall be conducted by personnel independent of those havingdirect responsibility for the activity being examined.

NOTE The word “independent” here does not necessarily mean external to the organization.

4.6 Management review

Figure 6 — Management review

The organization’s top management shall, at intervals that it determines, review the OH&Smanagement system, to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness. Themanagement review process shall ensure that the necessary information is collected toallow management to carry out this evaluation. This review shall be documented.

The management review shall address the possible need for changes to policy, objectivesand other elements of the OH&S management system, in the light of OH&S managementsystem audit results, changing circumstances and the commitment to continualimprovement.

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Annex A (informative)Correspondence between OHSAS 18001,ISO 14001:1996, ISO 9001:1994 and ISO 9001:2000

Table A.1 — Correspondence between OHSAS 18001, ISO 14001:1996 andISO 9001:1994

Clause OHSAS 18001 Clause ISO 14001:1996 Clause ISO 9001:19941 Scope 1 Scope 1 Scope

2 Reference publications 2 Normative references 2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions 3 Definitions 3 Definitions

4 OH&S management systemelements

4 Environmental managementsystem requirements

4 Quality system requirements

4.1 General requirements 4.1 General requirements 4.2.1 General (1st sentence)

4.2 OH&S policy 4.2 Environmental policy 4.1.1 Quality policy

4.3 Planning 4.3 Planning 4.2 Quality system

4.3.1 Planning for hazardidentification, riskassessment and risk control

4.3.1 Environmental aspects 4.2 Quality system

4.3.2 Legal and otherrequirements


— —

4.3.3 Objectives 4.3.3 Objectives and targets 4.2 Quality system

4.3.4 OH&S managementprogramme(s)

4.3.4 Environmental managementprogramme(s)

4.2 Quality system

4.4 Implementation andoperation


4.2

4.9

Quality system

Process control

4.4.1 Structure and responsibility 4.4.1 Structure and responsibility 4.1

4.1.2

Management responsibility

Organization

4.4.2 Training, awareness andcompetence


4.18 Training

4.4.3 Consultation andcommunication

4.4.3 Communication — —

4.4.4 Documentation 4.4.4 Environmental managementsystem documentation

4.2.1 General (without 1stsentence)

4.4.5 Document and data control 4.4.5 Document control 4.5 Document and data control

4.4.6 Operational control 4.4.6 Operational control 4.2.2 Quality system procedures

4.3 Contract review

4.4 Design control

4.6 Purchasing

4.7 Customer supplied product

4.8 Product identification andtraceability

4.9 Process control

4.15 Handling, storage,packaging, preservation anddelivery

4.19 Servicing

4.20 Statistical techniques

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Table A.1 — Correspondence between OHSAS 18001, ISO 14001:1996 andISO 9001:1994 (continued)

Clause OHSAS 18001 Clause ISO 14001:1996 Clause ISO 9001:19944.4.7 Emergency preparedness

and response4.4.7 Emergency preparedness

and response—

4.5 Checking and correctiveaction


—

4.5.1 Performance measurementand monitoring

4.5.1 Monitoring andmeasurement

4.104.11

4.12

Inspection and testingControl of inspection,measuring and testequipmentInspection and test status

4.5.2 Accidents, incidents,nonconformances andcorrective and preventiveaction

4.5.2 Nonconformance andcorrective and preventiveaction

4.13

4.14

Control of nonconformingproduct

Corrective and preventiveaction

4.5.3 Records and recordsmanagement

4.5.3 Records 4.16 Control of quality records

4.5.4 Audit 4.5.4 Environmental managementsystem audit

4.17 Internal quality audits

4.6 Management review 4.6 Management review 4.1.3 Management review

Annex A Correspondence toISO 14001, ISO 9001

Annex B Correspondence toISO 9001

— —

— Bibliography Annex C Bibliography Annex A Bibliography

— (See OHSAS 18002) Annex A Guidance on the use of thespecification

— —

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Table A.2 — Correspondence between OHSAS 18001, ISO 14001:1996 andISO 9001:2000

Clause OHSAS 18001 Clause ISO 14001:1996 Clause ISO 9001:2000— — — Introduction 0

0.10.20.30.4

IntroductionGeneralProcess approachRelationship with ISO 9004Compatibility with othermanagement systems

1 Scope 1 Scope 11.11.2

ScopeGeneralApplication

2 Reference publications 2 Normative reference 2 Normative reference3 Definitions 3 Definitions 3 Terms and definitions4 OH&S management

system elements4 Environmental management

system requirements4 Quality management system

4.1 General requirements 4.1 General requirements 4.15.5

5.5.1

General requirementsResponsibility, authority andcommunicationResponsibility and authority

4.2 OH&S policy 4.2 Environmental policy 5.15.38.5

Management commitmentQuality policyImprovement

4.3 Planning 4.3 Planning 5.4 Planning4.3.1 Planning for hazard

identification, riskassessment and riskcontrol

4.3.1 Environmental aspects 5.27.2.1

7.2.2

Customer focusDetermination of requirementsrelated to the productReview of requirements related tothe product



5.27.2.1

Customer focusDetermination of requirementsrelated to the product

4.3.3 Objectives 4.3.3 Objectives and targets 5.4.1 Quality objectives4.3.4 OH&S management

programme(s)4.3.4 Environmental management

programme(s)5.4.2

8.5.1

Quality management systemplanningContinual improvement



77.1

Product realizationPlanning of product realization

4.4.1 Structure andresponsibility

4.4.1 Structure and responsibility 55.15.5.15.5.266.16.26.2.16.36.4

Management responsibilityManagement commitmentResponsibility and authorityManagement representativeResource managementProvision of resourcesHuman resourcesGeneralInfrastructureWork environment



6.2.2 Competence, awareness andtraining

4.4.3 Consultation andcommunication

4.4.3 Communication 5.5.37.2.3

Internal communicationCustomer communication

4.4.4 Documentation 4.4.4 Environmental managementsystem documentation

4.24.2.14.2.2

Documentation requirementsGeneralQuality manual

4.4.5 Document and datacontrol

4.4.5 Document control 4.2.3 Control of documents

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Table A.2 — Correspondence between OHSAS 18001, ISO 14001:1996 andISO 9001:2000 (continued)

Clause OHSAS 18001 Clause ISO 14001:1996 Clause ISO 9001:20007 Product realization7.1 Planning of product realization7.2 Customer-related processes7.2.1 Determination of requirements

related to the product7.2.2 Review of requirements related to

the product7.3 Design and development7.3.1 Design and development planning7.3.2 Design and development inputs7.3.3 Design and development outputs7.3.4 Design and development review7.3.5 Design and development verification7.3.6 Design and development validation7.3.7 Control of design and development

changes7.4 Purchasing7.4.1 Purchasing process7.4.2 Purchasing information7.4.3 Verification of purchased product7.5 Production and service provision7.5.1 Control of production and service

provision7.5.3 Identification and traceability7.5.4 Customer property7.5.5 Preservation of product

4.4.6 Operational control 4.4.6 Operational control

7.5.2 Validation of processes forproduction and service provision

4.4.7 Emergency preparednessand response

4.4.7 Emergency preparednessand response

8.3 Control of nonconforming product



8 Measurement, analysis andimprovement

7.6 Control of monitoring and measuringdevices

8.1 General8.2 Monitoring and measurement8.2.1 Customer satisfaction8.2.3 Monitoring and measurement of

processes8.2.4 Monitoring and measurement of

product

4.5.1 Performancemeasurement andmonitoring

4.5.1 Monitoring andmeasurement

8.4 Analysis of data8.3 Control of nonconforming product8.5.2 Corrective action

4.5.2 Accidents, incidents,nonconformance andcorrective and preventiveaction

4.5.2 Nonconformance andcorrective and preventiveaction 8.5.3 Preventive action

4.5.3 Records and recordsmanagement

4.5.3 Records 4.2.4 Control of records

4.5.4 Audit 4.5.4 Environmental managementsystem audit

8.2.2 Internal audit

4.6 Management review 4.6 Management review 5.65.6.15.6.25.6.3

Management reviewGeneralReview inputReview output

AnnexesA and B

Correspondence toISO 14001 and ISO 9001

Annex B Correspondence toISO 9001

Annex A Correspondence to ISO 14001

— Bibliography Annex C Bibliography — Bibliography— (See OHSAS 18002) Annex A Guidance on the use of the

specification— —

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Annex B (informative)Correspondence between OHSAS 18001, OHSAS 18002,and the ILO-OSH:2001 Guidelines on occupational safetyand health management systemsB.1 Introduction

This annex identifies the key differences between the International Labour Organization’sILO-OSH Guidelines and the OHSAS documents, and provides a comparativeassessment of their differing requirements.

It should be noted that no areas of significant difference have been identified.

Consequently, those organizations that have implemented an OH&S management systemthat is compliant with OHSAS 18001 may be reassured that their OH&S managementsystem will also be compatible with the recommendations of the ILO-OSH Guidelines.

A correspondence table between the individual clauses of the OHSAS documents andthose of the ILO-OSH Guidelines is given in B.4.

B.2 Overview

The two prime objectives of the ILO-OSH Guidelines are:

a) to assist countries in the establishment of a national framework for occupationalhealth and safety management systems; and

b) to provide guidance to individual organizations regarding the integration of OH&Selements into their overall policy and management arrangements.

OHSAS 18001 specifies requirements for OH&S management systems, to enableorganizations to control risks and to improve their performance. OHSAS 18002 givesguidance on the implementation of OHSAS 18001. The OHSAS documents are thereforecomparable with Section 3 of the ILO-OSH Guidelines “The occupational safety andhealth management system in the organization”.

B.3 Detailed analysis of Section 3 of the ILO-OSH Guidelines against the OHSASdocuments

B.3.1 ScopeThe focus of the ILO-OSH Guidelines is on workers. The focus of the OHSAS seriesstandards, towards employees and other interested parties, is broader.

The definition of “Hazard” in OHSAS 18001, 3.4: “source or situation with a potential forharm in terms of injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the workplaceenvironment, or a combination of these” is equally more broad than that in the ILO-OSH

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Guidelines, whose sole focus is towards the potential to cause injury or damage topeople's health.B.3.2 OH&S management system modelsThe models picturing the main elements of an OH&S management system are directlyequivalent between the ILO-OSH Guidelines and the OHSAS documents.B.3.3 ILO-OSH Section 3.2, Worker participationIn the ILO-OSH Guidelines, subsection 3.2.4 recommends that: "The employer shouldensure as appropriate, the establishment and efficient functioning of a health and safetycommittee and the recognition of workers health and safety representatives in accordancewith national laws and practice".

OHSAS 18001 requires the organization to document and promote its arrangements, andto involve a wider spectrum of consultees, i.e. interested parties (due to the broader scopeof application of the document). Interestingly, the ILO-OSH Guidelines would alloworganizations to abdicate from the above, if national laws and practice did not stipulatesuch a requirement.B.3.4 ILO-OSH Section 3.3, Responsibility and accountabilityThe ILO-OSH Guidelines recommend in 3.3.1(h) the establishment of prevention andhealth programmes. The OHSAS documents would require these if the organization’s riskassessments, or the OH&S management system and objectives, required them.B.3.5 ILO-OSH Section 3.4, Competence and trainingThe recommendation of the ILO-OSH Guidelines sub-section 3.4.4: "Training should beprovided to all participants at no cost and should take place during working hours ifpossible", is not a requirement of the OHSAS documents.

B.3.6 ILO-OSH Section 3.10 Hazard prevention, 3.10.1 Prevention and controlmeasures

The ILO-OSH Guidelines recommend the implementation of preventive and protectivemeasures to control hazards and risks. These are listed in an order of priority from3.10.1(a) elimination of the hazard/risk, to 3.10.1(d) provision of personal protectiveequipment (PPE).

The OHSAS documents are not so definitive:"Measures for the management of risk should reflect the principle of the elimination ofhazards where practicable, followed in turn by risk reduction (either by reducing thelikelihood of occurrence or potential severity of injury or damage), with the adoption ofpersonal protective equipment (PPE) as a last resort."

Note the reference to "practicable" means.

The OHSAS documents also provide more detailed information on hazard identification,risk assessment and risk control.

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B.3.7 ILO-OSH Section 3.10.4, ProcurementThe ILO-OSH Guidelines emphasize that safety and health requirements of theorganization should be incorporated into purchasing and leasing specifications. TheOHSAS documents demand that such requirements be communicated to the supplier, butdo not stipulate how. The ILO-OSH Guidelines also stipulate that national laws andregulations should be identified prior to procurement. In the OHSAS documents, thesewould Ipso facto be identified during the risk assessment process [see OHSAS 18002, 4.3.1d (1)i ].B.3.8 ILO-OSH Section 3.10.5, ContractingThe ILO-OSH Guidelines define the steps to be taken to ensure that the organization'ssafety and health requirements are applied to contractors (they also provide a summary ofthe actions needed to ensure that they are). This is implicit in OHSAS.

B.3.9 ILO-OSH Section 3.12, Investigation of work related injuries, ill health,diseases and incidents, and their impact on safety and health performanceThe ILO-OSH Guidelines do not require corrective or preventive actions to be reviewedthrough the risk assessment process prior to implementation, as they are inOHSAS 18001, 4.5.2(d).

B.3.10 ILO-OSH Section 3.13, AuditThe ILO-OSH Guidelines recommend consultation on the selection of auditors. Incontrast, the OHSAS documents require audit personnel to be impartial and objective.

B.3.11 ILO-OSH Section 3.16, Continual improvementThis is a separate subclause in the ILO-OSH Guidelines. It details arrangements thatshould be taken into account for the achievement of continual improvement. Similararrangements are detailed throughout the OHSAS documents, which consequently do nothave a corresponding clause.

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B.4 Correspondence between the clauses of the OHSAS documents and the clausesof the ILO-OSH Guidelines

Table B.1 — Correspondence between the clauses of the OHSAS documents and theclauses of the ILO-OSH Guidelines

Clause OHSAS Clause ILO-OSH Guidelines1 Scope 1.0 Objectives2 Reference publications — —3 Terms and definitions — —4 OH&S management system elements 3.0 The occupational safety and health management

system in the organization4.1 General requirements 3.0 The occupational safety and health management

system in the organization4.2 OH&S policy 3.1 Occupational safety and health policy4.3 Planning 3.7

3.8Initial reviewSystem planning, development andimplementation

4.3.1 Planning for hazard identification, riskassessment and risk control

3.103.10.13.10.23.10.5

Hazard preventionPrevention and control measuresManagement of changeContracting

4.3.2 Legal and other requirements 3.7.23.10.1.2

Initial reviewHazard prevention

4.3.3 Objectives 3.8

3.93.16

System planning, development andimplementationOccupational safety and health objectivesContinual improvement

4.3.4 OH&S management programme(s) 3.8 System planning, development andimplementation

4.4 Implementation and operation — —4.4.1 Structure and responsibility 3.3

3.8Responsibility and accountabilitySystem planning, development andimplementation

4.4.2 Training, awareness and competence 3.23.4

Worker participationCompetence and training

4.4.3 Consultation and communication 3.23.6

Worker participationCommunication

4.4.4 Documentation 3.5 Occupational safety and health managementsystem documentation

4.4.5 Document and data control 3.5 Occupational safety and health managementsystem documentation

4.4.6 Operational control 3.10.23.10.43.10.5

Management of changeProcurementContracting

4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response 3.10.3 Emergency prevention, preparedness andresponse

4.5 Checking and corrective action — —4.5.1 Performance measurement and monitoring 3.11 Performance monitoring and measurement4.5.2 Accidents, incidents, nonconformances and

corrective and preventive action3.12

3.15

Investigation of work related injuries, ill health,diseases and incidents and their impact onsafety and health performancePreventive and corrective action

4.5.3 Records and records management 3.5 Occupational safety and health managementsystem documentation

4.5.4 Audit 3.13 Audit4.6 Management review 3.14 Management review

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BibliographyISO 9001:1994, Quality systems: Model for quality assurance in design, development,production, installation and servicing.ISO 9001:2000, Quality management systems — Requirements.ISO 14001:1996, Environmental management systems — Specification with guidance foruse.ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996, Standardization and related activities — General vocabulary.

United Kingdom supplementBSI standards publicationsBRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, LONDON W4 4ALBS 8800:1996, Guide to occupational health and safety management systems.

BS EN ISO 9001:1994, Quality systems: Model for quality assurance in design,development, production, installation and servicing.BS EN ISO 9001:2000, Quality management systems — Requirements.BS EN ISO 14001:1996, Environmental management systems — Specification withguidance for use.BS EN ISO 19011:2002, Guidelines for quality and/or environmental managementsystems auditing.

Health and Safety Commission/Executive publications[1] Health and Safety Commission Management of health and safety at work. 1992.London: The Stationery Office.[2] Health and Safety Executive Successful health and safety management: HS(G) 65,1997 . London: The Stationery Office.

The public enquiry point is:

HSE Information CentreTel: 08701 545500Fax:02920 859260www.hse.gov.ukEmail: [email protected]

HSE priced and free publications are available from:

HSE BooksPO Box 1999CO10 2WAFax: 0178 731 3995www.hsebooks.co.uk

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