103學年上學期高二物理

黃信健

電磁學與光學

課程表 日期 內容 內容

2014/10/04 (一) 電磁學 1 電荷

2014/10/18 (二) electromagnetism 1 電荷

2014/11/01 (三) 電磁學 2 電場

2014/11/15 (四) 電磁學 3 高斯定律

2014/11/29 (五) 電磁學 3 高斯定律

2014/12/13 (六) 電磁學 4 電位

2014/12/27 (七) 電磁學 5 電容

2015/01/10 (八) 電磁學 6 電流與電阻

2015/01/24 (九) 電磁學 7 電路

1電荷 The Electric Interaction

1電荷

What causes the “sparking” of a

wintergreen lifesaver?

2 電場

• （electric field） （Lines of force）

3 高斯定律 Gauss’ Law

•Flux enclosed charge

encq

AdE

0

0

4點電荷的電位圖

• E.S. for a uniform field, a point charge, and an electric dipole

等位面3例

5 電容器

6 I-V curves

conductor semiconductor

7 Multiloop Circuits

The Junction rule: 流入接點之電流必等於流出者

(Kirchhoff’s junction/current rule)

231 iii

課程表 2013/10/19 (九) 電磁學 8磁場

2013/11/02 (十) 電磁學 9電流與磁場

2013/11/16 (十一) 電磁學 10電磁感應

2013/11/30 (十二) 電磁學 11交流電路

2013/12/14 (十三) 電磁學 12磁姓

201312/28 (十四) 電磁學 13電磁波

2013/01/11 (十五) 光學 14幾何光學

2013/11/16 (十六) optics 15光學儀器

2013/11/30 (十七) 光學 16干涉

2013/12/14 (十八) 光學 16干涉

201312/28 (十九) 光學 17繞射

2013/01/11 (二十) 光學 17繞射

8 磁場

How is an aurora so thin yet so tall and wide?

9 電流與磁場、安培定律 Magnetic Fields due to Currents

Conventional rocket EM Rail Gun The space shuttle

10 電磁感應

How did the electric guitar revolutionize rock?

From acoustic to electric guitars

11 Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current

12 Magnetism of Matter 磁 性 Electromagnetic Waves 電磁波

How can a clay-walled kiln reveal Earth’s magnetic field of the past?

14 反射、折射、干涉、繞射

1電荷 Chapter Opening Puzzler－ 5th Ed.

What causes the “sparking” of a

wintergreen lifesaver?

Chapter Opening Puzzler－ 8th Ed.

1 電荷

1.1 電荷（electric charge）

1.2 庫倫定律 (Coulomb’s law )

1.3 靜電的應用

1.1 電荷

•摩擦充電 •塑膠棒（負電荷）與毛皮（正電荷）

•玻璃棒（正電荷）與絲綢（負電荷）

•感應充電

正電荷與負電荷

感應充電

The Electric Interaction

Electric charge and the structure of matter

• The particles of the atom

are the negative electron,

the positive proton, and

the uncharged neutron.

• Protons and neutrons

make up the tiny dense

nucleus which is

surrounded by electrons

(see Figure 21.3 at the

right).

• The electric attraction

between protons and

electrons holds the atom

together.

Atoms and ions • A neutral atom has the same number of protons as electrons.

• A positive ion is an atom with one or more electrons removed. A negative ion has gained one or more electrons.

Conservation of charge

• The proton and electron have the same magnitude charge.

• The magnitude of charge of the electron or proton is a natural unit of charge. All observable charge is quantized in this unit.

• The universal principle of charge conservation states that the algebraic sum of all the electric charges in any closed system is constant.

Conductors and insulators • A conductor permits the

easy movement of charge through it. An insulator does not.

• Most metals are good conductors, while most nonmetals are insulators. (See Figure 21.6 at the right.)

• Semiconductors are intermediate in their properties between good conductors and good insulators.

Millikan’s Oil Drop Experiment

• Quarks: 3/2or 3/ = eeq

Charge is quantized

• The electric charge (e) is discrete

(quantized)

• SI unit: coulomb (C), defined in term of ampere

Ce

nneq

19106.1

3,... 2, 1, = ,

• The radioactive decay

• The annihilation process (對滅)

HeThU 4234238

ee

Charge is conserved

• The pair production process (對生)

• The bubble (cloud) chamber

ee

Elementary Particles

1.2 Coulomb’s Law

12 2 2

0 8.85 10 /

permitivity

C N m

229

0

2

21

/1099.84

1CmNk

r

qqkF

Ex. 1-1 一庫倫負電荷含有多少電子

Ex. 1-2 氫原子內電子與質子之間電 力與重力之比

e18

191025.6

C/e101.6

1.00Coul

e

qN

39

47

211

2731

2

211

2

8

211

219

2

29

2

0

21

10

106.3103.5

1067.11011.91067.6

102.8103.5

1060.1109

4

pe

Pe

g

e

Peg

e

mGm

qKq

F

F

Nm

kgkg

kg

Nm

r

mGmF

Nm

C

C

mN

r

qqF

Ex. 1-3 鐵（Fe26）原子核中，兩個相距一個原子核半徑的質子間之斥力

•R = 410-15m

•如此大之斥力，必須有更強的核力與之抗衡，方能維持原子核的穩定。

lbNm

C

C

mN

r

qqF PP

e 3~14104

1060.11099.8

4215

219

2

29

2

0

1.3 靜電的應用

• Ink-Jet Printing

• Soil Decontamination

• Electroplating

• Electromagnetic Predators

• Electric Precipitator

• Xerography

• Laser Printer

Ink-Jet Printing Electron in a uniform field

An ink drop with kgm 10103.1

CQ 13105.1

mm64.02

,2

1

2

2

2

x

xy

y

mv

QELy

tvLtay

m

QE

m

Fa

N/C101.4E

m/s18 vcm,6.1L

6

x

Soil Decontamination and

Electroplating

Electromagnetic Predators

電磁掠食者

The torpedo ray and

electric eel

Electroplaques

Electric Precipitator

影印機

The copying process

Laser Printer