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Olga Denti
FACOLTÀ DI SCIENZE ECONOMICHE, GIURIDICHE E POLITICHE
CdL Economia e Gestione AziendaleUNIT 3
a.a. 2014/2015
Olga Denti
OUTLINE
Review of Unit 1-2: a/an, the, plurals, a/an + jobs, possessive ‘s, this, these, that, those
Adjectives Telling time + RC on Stress Adverbs of Frequency Prepositions of time
Olga Denti
INDEFINITE ARTICLE: A/AN
We use a/an with a singular noun:a bus, a car, a dog, a fast car We use an with a noun starting with a
vowel (a, e, i, o, u): an African elephant, an elephant, an Indian
elephant, an old car, an umbrella
BUT sometimes the initial u is pronounced /ʌ/ (an uncle, an ugly man), sometimes it is pronounced /ju:/ (a union, a university).
Olga Denti
JOBS & PROFESSIONS
I’m a doctor – I work as a doctor She’s a nurse – She works as a nurse They are engineers – They work as engineers
Olga Denti
WHAT & WHERE?Job/Profession Workplace/Place of
employment
a lecturer a university
a clerk (impiegato/a) an office
a surgeon (chirurgo) a hospital
a builder (muratore) a building/construction site
a factory worker a factory
a waiter (M)/a waitress (F) a restaurant or a café
an accountant (ragioniere) an office
a lawyer (avvocato) a law firm/a lawyer’s office
a judge (giudice) a law court/a courthouse
an actor (M)/an actress (F) a theatre
a librarian (bibliotecario/a) a library
a chef/a cook a kitchen
Olga Denti
DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE
We use the with singular and plural nouns
Unlike a/an, we use the to refer to something specific
Examples: The student is writing his exam Students study every day The students of this faculty come to
classes every day
Olga Denti
PLURAL NOUNS
In order to make the plural of a noun, we need to add an –s to the word end
Examples: door – doors window – windows girl – girls car – cars book – books
Olga Denti
HOWEVER,
Nouns ending with ch, sh, s, x, add –es: watches, successes, churches, boxes,
lashes Nouns ending in –y preceded by a
consonant go through a morphological change when adding –es:
countries, dictionaries, butterfliesBUT keys, boys
Olga Denti
IRREGULAR PLURALS
person/people*, man/men, woman/women, child/children**, tooth/teeth, foot/feet
* The regular form persons is mainly found in public notices, for example to indicate the number of people allowed in an elevator (BrE, lift)
** kid (plural: kids) is informal both for children and teenagers
Some nouns, especially those referring to animals, have a single form, both for the singular and the plural: sheep/sheep, fish/fish
Olga Denti
THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE: DETERMINERS We use this/these for things near us:
this is my pen, these are my trousers We use that/those for things far away:
that is an American car, those clothes are Italian
* This and that are singular, these and those are plural
Olga Denti
POSSESSIVE S
We use ‘s with a person to talk about relatives and possessions: my brother’s car, my daughter’s school, my parents’ house
We don’t use ‘s with things: NOT the house’s roof BUT the roof of the house / the house roof
Olga Denti
ADJECTIVES
They always precede the noun they refer to: a beautiful dress, a pretty girl, a happy child
They are neutral and, therefore, they never take the plural: my gorgeous nieces, my nice neighbors, my new pencils, my wonderful friends
They don’t agree on number and gender
MORE ADJECTIVES
A tall basketball player and a short basketball player
An old woman and a young girl
An old car and a new car
Olga Denti
TELLING THE TIME: WHAT TIME IS IT?
It’s + time: it’s half past seven (BrE) v. it’s seven thirty (AmE) (7.30)
Also: What’s the time? At is used to introduce when: I get up
at 7 o’clock It’s five past nine (9.05), it’s twenty-five
to ten (9.35)
Olga Denti
1 one2 two3 three4 four5 five6 six7 seven8 eight9 nine10 ten
11 eleven12 twelve13 thirteen14 fourteen15 fifteen16 sixteen17 seventeen18 eighteen19 nineteen20 twenty
21 twenty-one22 twenty-two23 twenty-three24 twenty-four25 twenty-five26 twenty-six27 twenty-seven28 twenty-eight29 twenty-nine30 thirty
NUMBERS 1 - 30
31 thirty-one40 forty 42 forty-two 53 fifty-three64 sixty-four75 seventy-five86 eighty-six97 ninety-seven100 one hundred
Pronunciation: 13 thirTEEN (second syllable) BUT 30 THIRty (first syllable)
NUMBERS 31 - 100
Olga Denti
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
HOW OFTEN … ? SAfVO: Subject + Adverb of frequency
+ Verb except for the verb to be. In this case, the adverb goes after to be
E.g., Jane always plays tennis on Saturdays; they are sometimes boring
How often do you go to the gym? I normally go twice a week.
Olga Denti
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Never/hardly ever – the verb goes in the affirmative form: e.g., She never watches TV, He hardly ever goes swimming
Adverbs of frequency: always, usually, never, hardly ever, sometimes, often, normally, usually
I usually play volleyball on Mondays and Thursdays
Olga Denti
PREPOSITIONS OF TIMEIN ATIn + part of the day (in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening)In + year (in 1983)In + month (in September)In + seasons (in the winter)
At + night, at + midnight, at + middayAt + lunchtimeAt + the weekendAt + hour (at 3 o’clock)At + holiday (at Christmas, at Easter, at new Year)
ON /On + date (on July 17th, on March 13th 1972)On + week day (on Monday)On + week day + part of the day (on Tuesday morning)On + my birthdayOn + Christmas Day, on + Easter Day
NextLastTomorrowToday
Olga Denti
EXERCISES & HOMEWORK
Exercises pp. 36-37 Connectors (and, or, but, because) and
sequencers (then, before/after) Homework: Write an article for a
magazine: “My favourite day”. Follow the instructions. Send it to [email protected]