On thi hoa hoc lop 12.10131

HA HC 12 Chng 1: Este Lipit Chng 2: Cacbohidrat Chng 3: Amin Amino axit Protein Chng 4: Polime Vt liu polime Chng 5: i cng v kim lai Chng 6: Kim lai kim Kim lai kim th - Nhm Chng7: St v mt s kim lai quan trng Chng 8: Phn bit mt s cht v c Chng 9: Ha hc v vn pht trin kinh t, x hi v mi trng

TI LIU LU HNH NI BCHNG I. ESTE - LIPIT A- MT S VN L THUYT CN NM VNG 1. Khi nim v dn xut ca axit cacboxylic - Dn xut ca axit cacboxylic l nhng sn phm to ra khi thay th nhm hiroxyl -OH trong nhm cacboxyl -COOH bng nguyn t hay nhm nguyn t khc: -COOH -COZ (vi Z: OR', NH2, OCOR, halogen, ) - Este l dn xut ca axit cacboxylic. Khi thay th nhm OH nhm cacboxyl ca axit cacboxylic bng nhm OR' th c este. - Halogenua axit (quan trng nht l clorua axit RCOCl). to ra halogenua axit c th dng cc tc nhn nh PCl5 (photpho pentaclorua), PCl3 (photpho triclorua), COCl2 (photgen), SOCl2 (thionyl clorua), RCOOH + PCl5 RCOCl + POCl3 + HCl 3RCOOH + PCl3 3RCOCl + H3PO3 RCOOH + SOCl2 RCOCl + SO2 + HCl RCOOH + COCl2 RCOCl + CO2 + HCl - Anhirit axit, c 2 loi: i xng (dng (RCO)2O hoc (ArCO)2O; gi tn bng cch thay t axit bng anhirit (CH3CO)2O l anhirit axetic), v khng cn i (sinh ra t hai axit monocacboxylic khc nhau nh CH3CO-O-OCC6H5; gi tn bng t anhirit cng vi tn ca hai axit - anhirit axetic benzoic). to thnh anhirit axit c th s dng nhiu phng php khc nhau nh dng tc nhn ht nc P2O5 hay tc dng ca nhit, 2. Cng thc tng qut ca este a/ Trng hp n gin: l este khng cha nhm chc no khc, ta c cc cng thc nh sau : - To bi axit cacboxylic n chc RCOOH v ancol n chc R'OH: RCOOR'. - To bi axit cacboxylic a chc R(COOH)a v ancol n chc R'OH: R(COOR')a. - To bi axit cacboxylic n chc RCOOH v ancol a chc R'(OH)b: (RCOO)bR'. - To bi axit cacboxylic a chc R(COOH)a v ancol a chc R'(OH)b: Rb(COO)abR'a. Trong , R v R' l gc hirocacbon (no, khng no hoc thm); trng hp c bit, R c th l H ( l este ca axit fomic H-COOH). b/ Trng hp phc tp: l trng hp este cn cha nhm OH (hiroxi este) hoc este cn cha nhm COOH (este - axit) hoc cc este vng ni phn t Este trong trng hp ny s phi xt c th m khng th c CTTQ chung c. V d vi glixerol v axit axetic c th c cc hiroxi este nh 2 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

HOC3H5(OOCCH3)2 hoc (HO)2C3H5OOCCH3; hoc vi axit oxalic v metanol c th c este - axit l HOOC-COOCH3. c/ Cng thc tng qut dng phn t ca este khng cha nhm chc khc Nn s dng CTTQ dng C n H 2n + 2 2 O2a (trong n l s cacbon trong phn t este n 2, nguyn; l tng s lin kt v s vng trong phn t 1, nguyn; a l s nhm chc este a 1, nguyn), vit phn ng chy hoc thit lp cng thc theo phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t c th. 3. Tnh cht ho hc ca este a/ Phn ng thu phn este Tnh cht ho hc quan trng nht ca este l phn ng thu phn. S thu phn este (v c bn, cha xt cc trng hp c bit) l :

C

O

+H

OH

H +, t o

C O

H

+

OH

O O (este) (nc) (axit) (ancol) Thu phn chnh l qu trnh nghch ca ca phn ng este ho. Phn ng thu phn c th xy ra trong mi trng axit hoc mi trng baz. - Phn ng thu phn trong mi trng kim c gi l phn ng x phng ho. c im ca phn ng thu phn este: - Phn ng thu phn este trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch. Sn phm ca phn ng trong iu kin ny lun c axit cacboxylic. chuyn dch cn bng v pha to axit v ancol, ta dng lng d nc. - Phn ng thu phn este khng nhng thun nghch m cn rt chm. tng tc phn ng thu phn ta un nng hn hp phn ng vi vi cht xc tc axit (H2SO4, HCl). - Phn ng x phng ho ch xy ra mt chiu, sn phm thu c lun c mui ca axit cacboxylic. C O + OHto

C

O-

+

OH

(este) (kim) (mui) O (ancol, phenol, anehit ) O b/ Phn ng ca gc hirocacbon Este khng no (este ca axit khng no hoc ancol khng no) c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng v phn ng trng hp y l tnh cht do lin kt quy nh (tng t nh hirocacbon tng ng). Mt s phn ng thuc loi ny c ng dng quan trng l : - Phn ng chuyn ho du (cht bo lng) thnh m (cht bo rn) Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 3

Ni, t , p (C17H33COO)3C3H5 + 3H2 (C17H35COO)3C3H5 (Triolein) (Tristearin) - Phn ng trng hp vinyl axetat thnh poli(vinyl axetat)0

nCH2

CH OCOCH3

xt, to, p

CH

CH2 n OCOCH3

- Trng hp metyl metacrylat thnh poli(metyl metacrylat) thu tinh hu c plexiglas). CH3 nCH2 CH COOCH3xt, to, p

CH3 metyl metacrylat - Phn ng trng gng ca este ca axit fomic (xem li anehit). 4. Phn ng kh este bi lti-nhm hirua LiAlH4 thnh ancol bc I 1) LiAlH 4 RCOOR' RCH2OH + R'OH 2) H3O + (Ch : anhirit axit, halogenua axit cng b lti-nhm hirua kh tng t).

CH CH2 n COOCH3 poli(metyl metacrylat) (PMM)

5. Mt s phn ng thu phn c bit ca este Cn c vo s phn ng x phng ho hay phn ng thu phn este ta c th cn c vo sn phm to thnh suy on cu to ca este ban u. Khng nht thit sn phm cui cng phi c ancol, tu thuc vo vic nhm OH nh vo gc hirocacbon c cu to nh th no m s c cc phn ng tip theo xy ra c sn phm cui cng hon ton khc nhau, hoc na l do cu to bt thng ca este gy nn. Mt s trng hp thu phn c bit ca este (khng cha halogen) thng gp trong bi ton nh lng l : Este + NaOH 1 mui + 1 anehit Este n chc c gc ancol dng cng thc R-CH=CHTh d CH3COOCH=CH-CH3 Este + NaOH 1 mui + 1 xeton Este n chc vi dng cng thc R COO C(R)=C(R)R Th d : CH3-COO-C(CH3)= CH2 to axeton khi thu phn. Este + NaOH 1 mui + 1 ancol + H2O Este- axit : HOOC-R-COOR Este + NaOH 2 mui + H2O Este ca phenol: C6H5OOC-R Este + NaOH 1 mui + anehit + H2O Hiroxi- este: RCOOCH(OH)-R 4 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

Este + NaOH 1 mui + xeton + H2O Hiroxi- este: RCOOC(R)(OH)-R Este + NaOH 1 sn phm duy nht hoc m RN = mESTE + mNaOH. Este vng (c to bi hiroxi axit)

CH 3 CH C O+ NaOH C MSP = MEste + MO Este NaOHo

R

C

O

O

y chnh l este vng nhng c nhn di gc khc m thi

d n gin nht, cc em ch c vn dng khi khng c du hiu cho php xc nh c th s nhm chc este trc . 6. Mt s phng php iu ch este a/ Phn ng ca ancol vi axit cacboxylic v dn xut nh clorua axit, anhirit axit, to ra este. - Phn ng ca ancol vi axit cacboxylic (xem axit).H ,t RCOOH + R'OH RCOOR' + H2O + 0

t CH3 CH C O + NaOH CH3 CH C ONa O Ch cc kt lun in nghing ngay di mi trng hp trn y ch l mt th OH O

- Phn ng ca ancol vi anhirit axit hoc clorua axit th phn ng xy ra nhanh hn v mt chiu (khng thun nghch nh khi tc dng vi axit) (CH3CO)2O + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + CH3COOH CH3COCl + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + HCl b/ Phn ng ca phenol vi anhirit axit hoc clorua axit (phenol khng tc dng vi axit cacboxylic) to este ca phenol. V d: phn ng to phenyl axetat (CH3CO)2O + C6H5OH CH3COOC6H5 + CH3COOH CH3COCl + C6H5OH CH3COOC6H5 + HCl c/ Phn ng cng vo hirocacbon khng no ca axit cacboxylic V d: phn ng to vinyl axetat xt, t 0 CH3COOH + CH CH CH3COOCH=CH2 d/ Phn ng ankyl halogenua v mui bc hay cacboxylat ca kim loi kim RCOOAg + R'I RCOOR' + AgI RCOONa + R I RCOOR' + NaI 7. Lipit Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 5

- Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong t bo sng. Lipit bao gm cht bo, sp, sterit, photpholipit, hu ht chng u l cc este phc tp. - Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi cc axit monocacboxylic c s chn nguyn t C (thng t 12C n 24C) khng phn nhnh, gi chung l triglixerit. Khi thu phn cht bo th thu c glixerol v axit bo. - Khi un nng cht bo vi dung dch kim th to ra glixerol v hn hp mui ca cc axit bo. Mui natri (hoc kali) ca cc axit bo chnh l x phng. Phn ng ca cht bo vi cht kim c gi l phn ng x phng ho. Phn ng x phng ho xy ra nhanh hn phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit v khng thun nghch. - Ch s axit: l s mg KOH cn trung ho axit bo t do c trong 1g cht bo. - Ch s x phng ho l tng s mg KOH cn x phng ho glixerit v trung ho axit bo t do c trong 1g cht bo. - Ch s iot: l s gam iot c th cng hp vo cc lin kt bi c trong 100g cht bo. 8. X phng v cht ty ra tng hp B - MT S PHN NG HO HC THNG GPt 1. RCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH RCOONa + CH3CHO 0 t 2. RCOOC6H5 + 2NaOH RCOONa + C6H5ONa + H2O t0 3. C3H5(OOC R )3 + 3NaOH 3 R COONa + C3H5(OH)3 H+ , t0 4. bR(COOH)a + aR'(OH)b Rb(COO)abR'a + abH2O t 5. (C17H35COO)3C3H5 + 3KOH C17H35COOK + C3H5(OH)3 6. 3CH3COOH + PCl3 3CH3COCl + H3PO3 t0 7. 3CH3COOH + POCl3 3CH3COCl + H3PO4 CaO, t 0 8. CH3COONa(r) + NaOH(r) CH4 + Na2CO3 photpho, t 0 9. CH3CH2COOH + Br2 CH3CHBrCOOH + HBr 10. CH3-CO-CH3 + HCN (CH3)2C(OH)CN 11. (CH3)2C(OH)CN + 2H2O (CH3)2C(OH)COOH + NH3 12. R-Cl + KCN R-CN + KCl 13. R-CN + 2H2O R-COOH + NH3 1) O 2 14. C6H5-CH(CH3)2 C6H5OH + CH3COCH3 2) H 2 O, H +0 0

15. RCOONa + HCl (dd long) RCOOH + NaCl t0 16. 2CH3COONa(r) + 4O2 Na2CO3 + 3CO2 + 3H2O t0 17. CxHy(COOM)a + O2 M2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 6 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

(s phn ng t chy mui cacboxylat). t0 18. RCOOC(CH3)=CH2 + NaOH RCOONa + CH3COCH3

Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

7

C- BI TP TRC NGHIM I BI TP C BN Cu 1.1 Khi un hn hp gm etanol v axit axetic (c mt H2SO4 c lm xc tc), c th thu c este c tn l A. ietyl ete. B. Etyl axetat. C. Etyl fomiat. D. Etyl axetic. Cu 1.2 C cc nhn nh sau : (1) Este l sn phm ca phn ng gia axit v ancol; (2) Este l hp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm COO- ; (3) Este no, n chc, mch h c cng thc phn t CnH2nO2 , vi n 2 ; (4) Hp cht CH3COOC2H5 thuc loi este; (5) Sn phm ca phn ng gia axit v ancol l este. Cc nhn nh ng l A. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5). B. (1), (3), (4), (5). C. (1), (2), (3), (4). D. (2), (3), (4), (5). Cu 1.3 Xt cc nhn nh sau: (1) Trong phn ng este ho, axit sunfuric va lm xc tc va c tc dng ht nc, do lm tng hiu sut to este; (2) Khng th iu ch c vinyl axetat bng cch un si hn hp ancol v axit c axit H2SO4 c lm xc tc; (3) iu ch este ca phenol khng dng axit cacboxylic thc hin phn ng vi phenol; (4) Phn ng este ho l phn ng thun - nghch. Cc nhn nh ng gm A. ch (4). B. (1) v (4). C. (1), (3), v (4). D. (1), (2), (3), (4). Cu 1.4 Hn hp X gm 2 este mch h E (C5H6O4) v F (C4H6O2). un hn hp X vi dung dch NaOH d, sau c cn dung dch, thu cht rn Y. Nung Y vi NaOH (c mt CaO) th c mt cht kh l CH4. Vy cng thc cu to ca E v F l A. HOOCCH = CH COOCH3 v CH3OOC CH = CH2. B. HOOC COO CH2 CH = CH2 v H COO CH2 CH = CH2. C. HOOC CH = CH COO CH3 v CH2 = CH COO CH3. D. HOOC CH2 COO CH = CH2 v CH3 COO CH = CH2. Cu 1.5 Tng s lin kt v s vng trong phn t este (khng cha nhm chc no khc) to bi glixerol v axit benzoic l A. 3. B. 4. C. 14. D. 15. Cu 1.6 ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O2, s tn ti cc este vi tn gi : (1) etyl axetat; (2) metyl propionat; (3) metyl iso-propylonat; (4) propyl fomiat; (5) iso-propyl fomiat. Cc tn gi ng ng vi este c th c ca cng thc phn t cho l A. (1), (2), (4), (5). B. (1), (3), (4), (5). C. (1), (2), (3), (4). D. (2), (3), (4), (5).

8


Cu 1.7 Phn ng thu phn ca este trong mi trng axit (1) v mi trng baz (2) khc nhau cc im : a/ (1) thun nghch, cn (2) ch mt chiu; b/ (1) to sn phm axit, cn (2) to sn phm mui; c/ (1) cn un nng, cn (2) khng cn un nng. Nhn xt ng l A. a, b. B. a, b, c. C. a, c. D. b, c. Cu 1.8 Cng thc tng qut ca este to bi mt axit cacboxylic v mt ancol l A. CnH2nO2. B. RCOOR. C. CnH2n 2O2. D. Rb(COO)abRa. Cu 1.9 Cng thc tng qut ca este to bi mt axit cacboxylic no n chc v mt ancol no n chc (c axit v ancol u mch h) l A. CnH2n+2O2. B. CnH2n 2O2. C. CnH2nO2. D. CnH2n + 1COOCmH2m +1. Cu 1.10 Este ca glixerol vi axit cacboxylic (RCOOH) c mt s hc sinh vit nh sau: (1) (RCOO)3C3H5; (2) (RCOO)2C3H5(OH); (3) (HO)2C3H5OOCR; (4) (ROOC)2C3H5(OH); (5) C3H5(COOR)3. Cng thc vit ng l A. ch c (1). B. ch c (5). C. (1), (5), (4). D. (1), (2), (3). Cu 1.11 Cng thc tng qut ca este thun chc to bi ancol no hai chc v axit khng no c mt ni i, ba chc l A. CnH2n - 10O6. B. CnH2n -16O12. C. CnH2n - 6O4. D. CnH2n - 18O12. Cu 1.12 Trong s cc phn ng c th c ca este gm: (1) phn ng trng hp; (2) phn ng cng; (3) phn ng thu phn; (4) phn ng oxi ha, phn ng c trng cho mi este l A. (1). B. (4). C. (3). D. (3) v (4). Cu 1.13 Nhng pht biu sau y : (1) Cht bo khng tan trong nc; (2) Cht bo khng tan trong nc, nh hn nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c; (3) Du n v m bi trn c cng thnh phn nguyn t; (4) Cht bo l este ca glixerol v axit hu c. Cc pht biu ng l A. (1), (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (2). C. (1), (2), (4). D. (2), (3), (4). Cu 1.14 Trong thnh phn ca mt s loi sn c trieste ca glixerol vi axit linoleic C17H31COOH v axit linolenic C17H29COOH. S lng cng thc cu to ca cc trieste c th c trong loi sn ni trn l A. 6. B. 18. C. 8. D. 12. Cu 1.15 Este mch h, n chc cha 50%C (v khi lng) c tn gi l A. etyl axetat. B. vinyl axtetat. C. metyl axetat. D. vinyl fomiat. Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 9

Cu 1.16 Este X (C8H8O2) tc dng vi lng d dung dch KOH thu c 2 mui hu c v H2O. X c tn gi l A. metyl benzoat. B. benzyl fomiat. C. phenyl fomiat. D. phenyl axetat. Cu 1.17 Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H8O2. Khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra cht Y c cng thc C2H3O2Na. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HCOOC3H7 B. C2H5COOCH3 C. CH3COOC2H5 D. HCOOC3H5. Cu 1.18 Khi un hn hp 2 axit R1COOH v R2COOH vi glixerol (axit H2SO4 lm xc tc) c th thu c my trieste ? A. 6. B. 4. C. 18. C. 2. Cu 1.19 Trong s cc este: (1) metyl axetat; (2) metyl acrylat; (3) metyl metacrylat; (4) metyl benzoat, este m polime ca n c dng sn xut cht do gm A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (4). C. (2), (3); (4). D. (3), (4). Cu 1.20 S nguyn t cacbon ti thiu trong phn t este khng no, mch h l A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3. Cu 1.21 S nguyn t cacbon ti thiu trong phn t este (c to nn t axit v ancol) no a chc, mch h l A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3. Cu 1.22 un nng hn hp gm x mol axit axetic v y mol etylen glicol (xt H2SO4 c). Ti thi im cn bng thu c 0,30 mol axit, 0,25 mol ancol v 0,75 mol este (khng tc dng vi Na). x, y c gi tr l A. x = 1,05; y = 0,75. B. x = 1,20; y = 0,90. C. x = 1,05; y = 1,00. D. x = 1,80; y = 1,00. Cu 1.23 Trong s cc ng phn mch h c cng thc phn t C2H4O2, s ng phn c kh nng tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, natri kim loi, natri cacbonat, dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac ln lt l A. 2, 2, 1, 2. B. 2, 1, 2, 1. C. 2, 2, 2, 1. D. 1, 2, 2, 1. Cu 1.24 ng vi cng thc phn t C3H6O2, mt hc sinh gi tn cc ng phn este c th c gm: (1) etyl fomiat; (2) metyl axetat; (3) iso propyl fomiat; (4) vinyl fomiat. Cc tn gi ng l A. ch c (1). B. (1) v (2). C. ch c (3). D. (1), (2) v (3). Cu 1.25 Tn gi ca este (c to nn t axit v ancol thch hp) c cng thc phn t C4H6O2 l 10 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

A. Metyl acrylat. B. Metyl metacrylat. C. Metyl propionat. D. Vinyl axetat. Cu 1.26 Cho 2 mol CH3COOH thc hin phn ng este ho vi 3 mol C2H5OH. Khi t trng thi cn bng trong hn hp c 1,2 mol este to thnh. nhit hng s cn bng Kc ca phn ng este ho l A. 1. B. 1,2. C. 2,4. D. 3,2. Cu 1.27 Cht X tc dng vi NaOH cho dung dch X1. C cn X1 c cht rn X2 v hn hp hi X3. Chng ct X3 thu c cht X4. Cho X4 trng gng c sn phm X5. Cho X5 tc dng vi NaOH li thu c X2. Vy cng thc cu to ca X l A. HCOO C(CH3) = CH2. B. HCOO CH = CH CH3. C. CH2 = CH CH2 OCOH. D. CH2 = CH OCOCH3. Cu 1.28 Hn hp T gm 2 cht X, Y mch h (C,H,O) n chc u khng tc dng c vi Na, nhng u tc dng vi dung dch NaOH khi un nng. t chy hon ton m g T, thu 6,72 lt (ktc) CO 2 v 5,4g H2O. Vy X, Y thuc dy ng ng A. este n, no. B. este n no, c 1 ni i. C. este n, c mt ni ba. D. este n c 2 ni i. Cu 1.29 Pht biu no sau y sai ? A. Phn ng x phng ho l phn ng thu phn este trong mi trng kim, un nng. B. Cht bo l este ca glixerol vi cc axit bo. C. Glixerol kh nc hon ton cho sn phm l acrolein. D. Cc axit bo c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh, s nguyn t cacbon chn. Cu 1.30 Cch no sau y c th dng iu ch etyl axetat ? A. un hi lu hn hp etanol, gim v axit sunfuric c. B. un hi lu hn hp axit axetic, ru trng v axit sunfuric c. C. un si hn hp etanol, axit axetic v axit sunfuric c trong cc thu tinh chu nhit. D. un hi lu hn hp etanol, axit axetic v axit sunfuric c. Cu 1.31 Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C5H6O4. Thu phn X bng dung dch NaOH d, thu c mt mui v mt ancol. Cng thc cu to ca X c th l A. HOOCCOOCH2CH = CH2. B. HOOCCH2COOCH = CH2. C. HOOCCH = CHOOCCH3. D. HOOCCH2CH = CHOOCH. Cu 1.32 Thu phn este E c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 vi xc tc axit v c long, thu c 2 sn phm hu c X, Y (cha cc nguyn t C, H, O). T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y bng mt phn ng duy nht. Cht E l A. etyl axetat. B. propyl fomiat. C. isopropyl fomiat. D. metyl propionat. Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 11

Cu 1.33 Cho cc cu sau : a/ Cht bo thuc loi hp cht este. b/ Cc este khng tan trong nc do chng nh hn nc. c/ Cc este khng tan trong nc v ni ln trn mt nc l do chng khng to c lin kt hiro vi nc v nh hn nc. d/ Khi un cht bo lng vi hiro c xc tc niken trong ni hp th chng chuyn thnh cht bo rn. e/ Cht bo lng l cc triglixerit cha gc axit khng no trong phn t. Nhng cu ng l p n no sau y ? A. a, d, e. B. a, b, d. C. a, c, d, e. D. a, b, c, d, e. Cu 1.34 Ch s axit ca cht bo l A. S mol KOH cn x phng ho mt gam cht bo. B. S miligam NaOH cn trung ho cc axit t do c trong 1 gam cht bo. C. S miligam KOH cn trung ho cc axit t do c trong 1 gam cht bo. D. S lin kt c trong gc hirocacbon ca axit bo. Cu 1.35 Cho a mol cht bo (C17H35COO)3C3H5 tc dng ht vi NaOH thu c 46g glixerol, a c gi tr l A. 0,3 mol. B. 0,4 mol. C. 0,5 mol. D. 0,6 mol. Cu 1.36 un nng hn hp X v Y c cng thc C5H8O2 trong dung dch NaOH, thu sn phm 2 mui C3H5O2Na, C3H3O2Na v 2 sn phm khc. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y l A. CH2=CHCH2CH2 COOH v CH3CH2CH=CHCOOH. B. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 v CH2=CHCOOCH2CH3. C. CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH=CH2 v CH2=CHCH2CH2COOH. D. O=HCCH2CH2CH2CH=O v O=HCCH(OH)CH2CH=CH2. Cu 1.37 T nguyn liu u l eten v benzen (xc tc v iu kin phn ng c ), iu ch c ba polime gm polistiren, polibutaien v poli(butaienstiren), cn thc hin s lng phn ng ho hc t nht l A. 5. B.6. C. 7. D. 8 Cu 1.38 Cho 10 gam hn hp X gm etanol v etyl axetat tc dng va vi 50g dung dch natri hiroxit 4%. Phn trm khi lng ca etyl axetat trong hn hp bng A. 22%. B. 44%. C. 50%. D. 51%. Cu 1.39 Trong phng th nghim c cc ho cht c dng lm thuc th gm: (1) dd brom; (2) dd NaOH; (3) dd AgNO3/NH3; (4) axit axetic; (5) cn iot.

12


phn bit 3 este: anlyl axetat, vinyl axetat v etyl fomiat cn phi dng cc thuc th l A. 1, 2, 5. B. 1, 3. C. 2, 3. D. 1, 2, 3. Cu 1.40 Cho 0,15 mol este n chc X (C5H8O2) tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu 21g mui khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l

A. CH2

CH COOC2H5 .

C. CH2

CH(CH3)COOCH3.

D. CH2 t C C F B. 1.41 F l cht CH c cng thc phn CH25H8O2. O.tc dng vi NaOH CuCH3COOCH2 hu c CH2 . to ra mt ancol T, khi t chy mt th tch ancol T cn 3 th tch oxi (o cng CH2 CH2 O iu kin). Axit to F l A. axit axetic. B. axit valeric. C. axit acrylic. D. axit fomic. Cu 1.42 t chy hon ton m g hn hp cc este no, n chc, mch h. Sn phm chy c dn vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d thy khi lng bnh tng 6,2g. S mol H2O sinh ra v khi lng kt ta to ra l A. 0,1 mol; 12g. B. 0,1 mol; 10g. C. 0,01mol; 10g. D. 0,01 mol; 1,2g. Cu 1.43 Cho ancol X tc dng vi axit Y thu c este Z. lm bay hi 8,6g Z thu c th tch bng th tch ca 3,2g O2 cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Bit MY > MX. Tn gi ca Y l A. axit fomic. B. axit metacrylic. C. axit acrylic. D. axit axetic. Cu 1.44 Cho hn hp E gm 2 este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 v C3H6O2 tc dng hon ton vi NaOH d thu c 6,14g hn hp 2 mui v 3,68g mt ancol Y duy nht c t khi so vi oxi l 1,4375. Cng thc cu to mi este v s gam tng ng l A. C2H5COOCH3 (6,6g); CH3COOCH3 (1,48g). B. CH3COOC2H5 (4,4g); HCOOC2H5 (2,22g). C. C2H5COOCH3 (4,4g); CH3COOCH3 (2,22g). D. CH3COOC2H5 (6,6g); HCOOC2H5 (1,48g). Cu 1.45 t chy 6g este E thu c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) v 3,6g H2O. Bit E c phn ng trng gng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3. Vy cng thc cu to ca E l A. CH3COO CH2CH2CH3. B. HCOO CH2CH2CH3. C. HCOO C2H5. D. HCOOCH3. Cu 1.46 Thu phn hon ton 8,8g este n chc, mch h X vi 100ml dung dch KOH 1M (va ) thu c 4,6g mt ancol Y. Tn gi ca X lTi liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 13

A. Etyl fomiat. B. Etyl propionat. C. Etyl axetat. D. Propyl axetat. Cu 1.47 Lm bay hi 7,4g mt este X thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca 3,2g kh oxi cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Khi thc hin phn ng x phng ho 7,4g X vi dung dch NaOH (phn ng hon ton) thu c sn phm c 6,8g mui. Tn gi ca X l A. etyl fomiat. B. vinyl fomiat. C. metyl axetat. D. isopropyl fomiat. Cu 1.48 t chy hon ton 2,28g X cn 3,36 lt oxi (ktc) thu hn hp CO2 v H2O c t l th tch tng ng 6 : 5. Nu un X trong dung dch H2SO4 long thu c axit Y c dY / H 2 = 36 v ancol n chc Z. Cng thc ca X l A. C2H5COOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3. C. C2H3COOC2H5. D. C2H3COOC3H7. Cu 1.49 t hon ton 4,2g mt este E thu c 6,16g CO2 v 2,52g H2O. Cng thc cu to ca E l A. HCOOC2H5. B. CH3COOC2H5. C. CH3COOCH3. D. HCOOCH3. Cu 1.50 un nng 0,1 mol X vi dung dch NaOH (), thu 13,4g mui ca axit a chc v 9,2g ancol n chc, c th tch 8,32 lt ( 127 0C, 600 mmHg). X c cng thc A. CH(COOCH3)3. B. C2H4(COOC2H5)2. C. (COOC2H5)2. D. (COOC3H5)2. Cu 1.51 X phng ho hon ton 0,1 mol este X (ch cha 1 loi nhm chc) cn 0,3 mol NaOH, thu 9,2g ancol Y v 20,4g mt mui Z (cho bit 1 trong 2 cht Y hoc Z l n chc). Cng thc ca X l A. CH3CH2OOC-COOCH2CH3. B. C3H5(OOCH)3. C. C3H5(COOCH3)3. D. C3H5(COOCH3)3. Cu 1.52 x phng ho hon ton 19,4g hn hp 2 este n chc X, Y cn 200ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c hn hp 2 ancol ng ng k tip nhau v m g mt mui khan duy nht Z. CTCT, % khi lng ca X trong hn hp ban u v gi tr m l A. HCOOCH3 66,67%; 20,4g. B. HCOOC2H5 16,18%; 20,4g. C. CH3COOCH3 19,20%; 18,6g. D. CH3CH2COOCH3; 19,0g. Cu 1.53 Cho 21,8g cht hu c X ch cha mt loi nhm chc tc dng vi 1 lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c 24,6g mui v 0,1 mol mt ancol Y. Lng NaOH d c trung ho ht bi 0,2 mol HCl. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3C(COOCH3)3. B. (C2H5COO)3C2H5. C. (HCOO)3C3H5. D. (CH3COO)3C3H5.

14


Cu 1.54 Khi thu phn a g mt este X thu c 0,92g glixerol, 3,02g natri linoleat (C17H31COONa) v m g mui natri oleat (C17H33COONa). Gi tr ca a, m ln lt l A. 8,82g ; 6,08g. B. 7,2g ; 6,08g. C. 8,82g ; 7,2g. D. 7,2g ; 8,82g. Cu 1.55 Trong cht bo lun c mt lng axit bo t do. S miligam KOH dng trung ho lng axit bo t do trong mt gam cht bo gi l ch s axit ca cht bo. trung ho 2,8g cht bo cn 3ml dung dch KOH 0,1M. Ch s axit ca mu cht bo trn l A. 8. B. 15. C. 6. D. 16. Cu 1.56 Tng s miligam KOH trung ho ht lng axit t do v x phng ho ht lng este trong mt gam cht bo gi l ch s x phng ho ca cht bo. Vy ch s x phng ho ca mu cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 cha 89% tristearin l A. 185. B. 175. C. 165. D. 155. Cu 1.57 Khi thu phn (xc tc axit) mt este thu c glixerol v hn hp cc axit stearic v axit panmitic theo t l mol tng ng bng 2 : 1. Este c th c cng thc cu to no sau y? C17 H 35COO C H 2 C17 H 35COO C H 2| |

A. C17 H 35COO C H | C17 H 35COOCH 2 C17 H 35COO C H 2|

B. C15 H 31COO C H | C17 H 35COOCH 2 C17 H 35COO C H 2|

C. C17 H 33COO C H |

D. C15 H 31COO C H |

C15 H 31COOCH 2 C15 H 31COOCH 2 Cu 1.58 Trong cht bo lun c mt lng axit bo t do. Khi thu phn hon ton 2,145kg cht bo, cn dng 0,3kg NaOH, thu 0,092kg glixerol, v mg hn hp mui Na. Khi lng x phng 60% (v khi lng) thu c l A. 7,84kg. B. 3,92kg. C. 2,61kg. D. 3,787kg. Cu 1.59 Trong thnh phn ca mt loi sn c cc triglixerit l trieste ca glixerol vi axit linoleic C17H31COOH v axit linolenic C17H29COOH. Cng thc cu to c th c ca cc trieste l : (1) (C17H31COO)2C3H5OOCC17H29; (2) C17H31COOC3H5(OOCC17H29)2; (3) (C17H31OOC)2C3H5OOCC17H29; (4) (C17H31OCO)2C3H5COOC17H29. Nhng cng thc ng l A. (1), (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (2). C. (1), (2), (4). D. (2), (3), (4).


15

Cu 1.60 un si a g mt triglixerit X vi dung dch KOH cho n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 0,92g glixerol v 9,58g hn hp Y gm mui ca axit linoleic v axit oleic. Gi tr ca a l A. 8,82g. B. 9,91g. C. 10,90g. D. 8,92g. Cu 1.61 Khi lng x phng thu c t 1 tn m ng vt (cha 50% trioleoyl glixerol, 30% tripanmitoyl glixerol (panmitin) v 20% tristearoyl glixerol (stearin) v khi lng) khi x phng ho bng natri hiroxit, gi s hiu sut qu trnh t 90% l A. 988kg. B. 889,2kg. C. 929,3kg. D. 917kg. Cu 1.62 Thu phn hon ton cht bo E bng dung dch NaOH thu c 1,84g glixerol v 18,24g mui ca axit bo duy nht. Cht bo l A. (C17H33COO)3C3H5. B. (C17H35COO)3C3H5. C. (C15H31COO)3C3H5. D. (C15H29COO)3C3H5. Cu 1.63 t chy 3,7g cht hu c X cn dng 3,92 lt O2 (ktc) thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol 1:1. Bit X tc dng vi KOH to ra 2 cht hu c. Vy cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H6O2. B. C4H8O2. C. C2H4O2. D. C3H4O2. Cu 1.64 un nng 215g axit metacrylic vi 100g metanol (vi Hp = 60%). Khi lng este metyl metacrylat thu c l A. 100g. B. 125g. C. 150g. D. 175g. Cu 1.65 Mt cht hu c X c d X CO2 = 2 . Khi un nng X vi dung dch NaOH to ra mui c khi lng ln hn khi lng X phn ng. Tn X l A. iso propyl fomiat. B. metyl axetat. C. etyl axetat. D. metyl propionat. Cu 1.66 Este X c d X / H 2 = 44 . Thu phn X to nn 2 hp cht hu c X1, X2. Nu t chy cng mt lng X1 hay X2 s thu c cng mt th tch CO2 ( cng nhit v p sut). Tn gi ca X l A. etyl fomiat. B. isopropyl fomiat. C. metyl propionat. D. etyl axetat. Cu 1.67 X phng ho 22,2g hn hp gm 2 este ng phn, cn dng 12g NaOH, thu 20,492g mui khan (hao ht 6%). Trong X chc chn c mt este vi cng thc v s mol tng ng l A. H COOC2H5 0,2 mol. B. CH3 COOCH3 0,2 mol. 16 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

C. H COOC2H5 0,15 mol D. CH3 COOC2H3 0,15 mol. Cu 1.68 un nng 3,21g hn hp X gm hai cht hu c Y v Z cng nhm chc vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c hn hp mui natri ca hai axit ankanoic k tip nhau trong dy ng ng v mt cht lng L (t khi hi d L / CH 4 = 3, 625 ). Cht L phn ng vi CuO un nng cho sn phm c phn ng trng gng. Cho 1 lng cht L phn ng vi Na c 0,015 mol H2. Nhn nh no sau y l 10 sai ? A. Nung mt trong hai mui thu c vi NaOH (vi ti xt) s to metan. B. Tn gi ca L l ancol anlylic. C. Trong hn hp X, hai cht Y v Z c s mol bng nhau. D. t chy hn hp X s thu c nCO2 nH 2O = 0, 02 . II BI TP NNG CAO Cu 1.69 Tng s lin kt v s vng trong phn t este (khng cha nhm chc no khc) to bi glixerol v axit aipic l A. 0. B. 6. C. 7. D. 8. Cu 1.70 Cho 7,4g este E thu phn trong dung dch NaOH th thu c 8,2g mui natriaxetat. Cng thc ca este E l A. (CH3COO)2C2H4. B. (CH3COO)3C3H5. C. CH3(CH2)2COOCH3. D. CH3COOCH3. Cu 1.71 X l mt este hu c n chc, mch h. Cho mt lng X tc dng 41 hon ton vi dung dch NaOH va , thu c mui c khi lng bng 37 khi lng este ban u. X l A. H-COOCH3. B. CH2=CHCOOCH3. C. C17H35COO(CH2)16CH3. D. CH3COOCH3. Cu 1.72 Thu phn este X (C4H6O2) trong mi trng axit ta thu c mt hn hp cc cht u c phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH2 = CH COO CH3. B. CH3 CH = CH OCOH. C. CH2 = CH OCO CH3. D. HCOO CH2 CH = CH2. Cu 1.73 Mt este X to bi axit n chc v ancol n chc c t khi vi He bng 22. Khi un nng X vi dung dch NaOH to ra mui c khi lng bng 17 lng este phn ng. Tn X l 22 A. Etyl axetat. B. Metyl axetat. Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 17

C. Isopropyl fomiat. D. Metyl propionat. Cu 1.74 un hp cht X vi H2O (xc tc H+) c axit hu c Y ( dY / N2 = 2,57 ) v ancol Z. Cho hi Z qua ng bt ng Cu xc tc un nng th sinh ra cht T c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. t chy hon ton 2,8g X th cn 3,92 lt O2 (ktc) v thu c VCO 2 : VH 2O = 3 : 2 . Bit Z l ancol n chc. Tn gi ca X, Y ln lt l A. axit acrylic; ancol anlylic. B. axit acrylic; ancol benzylic. C. axit valeric; ancol etanol. D. axit metacrylic; ancol isopropylic. Cu 1.75 X phng ho mt este no n chc E bng mt lng va dung dch NaOH ch thu c mt sn phm X duy nht. Nung X vi vi ti xt thu c ancol Y v mui v c Z. t chy hon ton Y thu c CO2 v H2O c t l th tch 3 : 4. Bit oxi ho X bng CuO un nng c sn phm c phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca E l A. CH3OCO CH=CH2. B. CH2 2 CH C=O. CH2 O C. C2H5 CH C=O. D. CH3 CH 2 CH O O C=O. Cu 1.76 3,52g mt este E ca axit cacboxylic no n chc v ancol no n chc (c hai u mch h) phn ng va ht vi 40ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c cht X v cht Y. t chy 0,6g cht Y cho 1,32g CO 2. Khi b oxi ho cht Y chuyn thnh anehit. CTCT ca este E v cht Y l (gi s cc phn ng u t 100%) A. HCOOCH(CH3)CH3; CH3CH2OH. B. C2H5COOCH3; CH3CH2OH. C. CH3COOCH2CH3; CH3CH2OH. D. HCOOCH2CH2CH3; CH3CH2CH2OH Cu 1.77 Thu phn hon ton 0,1 mol este E (cha mt loi nhm chc) cn dng va 100g dung dch NaOH 12%, thu c 20,4g mui ca axit hu c X v 9,2g ancol Y. Xc nh cng thc phn t v gi tn X, Y. Bit rng mt trong 2 cht (X hoc Y) to thnh este l n chc. A. X: C3H6O2, axit propionic; Y: C3H8O3, glixerol. B. X: CH2O2, axit fomic; Y: C3H8O3, glixerol. C. X: C2H4O2, axit axetic; Y: C3H8O3, glixerol. D. X: C2H4O2, axit axetic; Y: C3H8O, ancol propylic. Cu 1.78 Cho 12,9g mt este n chc (mch h) tc dng va vi 150ml dung dch KOH 1M, sau phn ng thu c mt mui v mt anehit. CTCT ca este khng th l A. HCOOCH=CHCH3 v CH3COOCH=CH2. B. HCOOCH2CH=CH2. C. CH3COOCH=CH2. D. HCOOCH=CHCH3.

18


Cu 1.79 t chy 1,60g mt este E n chc c 3,52g CO2 v 1,152g H2O. Cho 10g E tc dng vi lng NaOH va , c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 14,00g mui khan G. Cho G tc dng vi axit v c long thu c G1 khng phn nhnh. S lng CTCT tho mn tnh cht nu ca E l A. 4. B. 6. C. 2. D. 8. Cu 1.80 x phng ho 100kg du n thuc loi trioleoyl glixerol c ch s axit bng 7 cn 14,10kg natri hiroxit. Gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng mui natri thu c l A. 108,6kg. B. 103,445kg. C. 118,245kg. D. 117,89kg. Cu 1.81 Khi thu phn (trong mi trng axit) mt este c cng thc phn t C7H6O2 sinh ra hai sn phm X v Y. X kh c AgNO3 trong amoniac, cn Y tc dng vi nc brom sinh ra kt ta trng. Tn gi ca este l A. phenyl fomiat. B. benzyl fomiat. C. vinyl pentanoat. D. anlyl butyrat. Cu 1.82 Mun thu phn 5,6g hn hp etyl axetat v etyl fomiat cn 25,96ml NaOH 10%, (D = 1,08g/ml). Thnh phn % khi lng ca etyl axetat trong hn hp l A. 47,14%. B. 52,16%. C. 36,18%. D. 50,20%. Cu 1.83 un a gam este mch khng phn nhnh CnH2n+1COOC2H5 vi 100ml dd KOH. Sau phn ng phi dng 25ml dd H2SO4 0,5M trung ho KOH cn d. Mt khc mun trung ho 20ml dd KOH ban u phi dng 15ml dd H 2SO4 ni trn. Khi a = 5,8g th tn gi ca este l A. etyl axetat. B. etyl propionat. C. etyl valerat. D. etyl butyrat. Cu 1.84 Thuc chng mui (DEP) thu c khi cho axit thm (X) tc dng vi ancol Y. Mun trung ho dung dch cha 0,9035g X cn 54,5ml NaOH 0,2M.ancol = Trong dung dch ancol Y 94% (theo khi lng) t s mol n 14 . Bit rng H 2O

n

86

CTCT thu gn ca X, Y ln lt l A. C2H5OC6H4COOC2H5. B. C2H5OOCC3H4COOC2H5. C. C2H5OOCC6H4COOC2H5 D. CH3C6H4COOC2H5. Cu 1.85 thu phn 0,01 mol este ca mt ancol a chc vi mt axit cacboxylic n chc cn dng 1,2g NaOH. Mc khc thu phn 6,35g este cn 3g NaOH v thu c 7,05g mui. CTCT ca este l A. (CH2=C(CH3)COO)3C3H5. B. (CH2=CHCOO)3C3H5. C. (CH3COO)2C2H4. D. (HCOO)3C3H5.

100 < M X < 200 .


19

Cu 1.86 un 20g lipit vi dung dch cha 10g NaOH. Sau khi kt thc phn 1 ng, trung ho dung dch thu c, cn dng 90ml dung dch HCl 0,2M. 10 Phn t khi trung bnh ca cc axit bo trong thnh phn cu to ca lipit v ch s x phng ho ca lipit v ln lt l A. 228; 190. B. 286; 191. C. 273; 196. D. 287; 192. Cu 1.87 x phng ho hon ton 2,22g hn hp hai este l ng phn X v Y, cn dng 30ml dd NaOH 1M. Khi t chy hon ton hn hp hai este th thu c kh CO2 v hi nc vi t l th tch VH2O :VCO2 = 1:1 . Tn gi ca hai este l A. metyl axetat; etyl fomiat. B. propyl fomiat; isopropyl fomiat. C. etyl axetat; metyl propionat. D. metyl acrylat; vinyl axetat. Cu 1.88 un nng hn hp hai cht ng phn (X, Y) vi dung dch H 2SO4 long, thu c hai axit ankanoic k tip nhau trong dy ng ng v hai ankanol. Ho tan 1g hn hp axit trn vo 50ml NaOH 0,3M, trung ho NaOH d phi dng 10ml HCl 0,5M. Khi cho 3,9g hn hp ancol trn tc dng ht vi Na thu c 0,05 mol kh. Bit rng cc gc hirocacbon u c phn nhnh cao nht. CTCT ca X, Y l A. (CH3)2CH-COOC2H5 v (CH3)3COOCH3. B. HCOOC(CH3)3 v CH3COOCH(CH3)2. C. CH3COOC(CH3)3 v CH3CH2COOCH(CH3)2. D. (CH3)2CH-COOC2H5 v (CH3)2CHCH2COOCH3. Cu 1.89 E l este ca glixerol vi mt s axit monocacboxylic no, mch h. un 7,9g A vi NaOH cho ti phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,6g hn hp mui. Cho hn hp mui tc dng H2SO4 d c hn hp 3 axit X, Y, Z; trong X v Y l ng phn ca nhau; Z l ng ng k tip ca Y v c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. S CTCT ca E v CTCT ca cc axit X, Y, Z ln lt l A. 3; (CH3)2CHCOOH; CH3CH2CH2COOH; CH3(CH2)3COOH. B. 2; (CH3)3CCOOH; CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH; (CH3)2CHCOOH. C. 2; (CH3)2CHCOOH; CH3CH2CH2COOH; CH3(CH2)3COOH. D. 3; (CH3)3CCOOH; CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH; (CH3)2CHCOOH. Cu 1.90 Mun tng hp 120kg poli(metyl metacrylat) th khi lng ca axit v ancol tng ng cn dng l bao nhiu. Bit hiu sut qu trnh este ho v qu trnh trng hp ln lt l 60% v 80%. A. 85,5kg v 41kg. B. 65kg v 40kg. C. 170kg v 80kg. D. 215kg v 80kg. Cu 1.91 S gam iot c th cng vo lin kt bi trong mch cacbon ca 100g cht bo c gi l ch s iot ca cht bo. Ch s iot ca cht bo c to nn t axit linoleic l 20 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

A. 86,868. B. 90,188. C. 188,920. D. 173,736. Cu 1.92 Mt mu cht bo cha gm trilein v tripanmitin c ch s iot l 19,05. Phn trm v khi lng ca mt trong hai glixerit phi l A. 20,18%. B. 22,1%. C. 18,20%. D. 20,19%.


21

CHNG II. CACBOHIRAT A MT S VN L THUYT CN NM VNG 1. Cu trc phn t a) Glucoz v fructoz (C6H12O6) Glucoz l monosaccarit, cu to bi mt nhm cacbonyl C 1 (l anehit) v nm nhm OH nm nguyn t cacbon cn li (l poliancol): CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO. Trong thin nhin, glucoz tn ti ch yu hai dng -glucoz v glucoz (dng mch vng). Trong dung dch, hai dng vng ny chim u th v lun chuyn ho ln nhau theo mt cn bng qua dng mch h.H 4 OH H 6 CH2OH 5 OH 3 O H 2 OH H 1 OH H 4 OH H 6 CH2OH 5 OH 3 O H 2 OH H 6 CH2OH 5 OH 3 H O H 2 OH H OH 1

OC 1 H

H 4 OH

-glucoz

glucoz

-glucoz

Glucoz c y cc tnh cht ca ru a chc v anehit n chc. Fructoz l ng phn ca glucoz, cu to bi mt nhm cacbonyl v tr C 2 (l xeton) v nm nhm OH nm nguyn t cacbon cn li (l poliancol): CH2OH[CHOH]3COCH2OH. Cng vi dng mch h fructoz c th tn ti dng mch vng 5 cnh hoc 6 cnhH OH 2 H O OH H 5 2 1 O H O OH H 5 1 CH2OH 2 OH H 3 OH O OH H 5

HOCH2 31

OH

4 CH2OH H 6

HOCH2 3

OH

H

4 CH2OH 6

4 CH2OH H 6

-fructoz

fructozOH-

-fructoz

Trong mi trng baz, fructoz c s chuyn ho thnh glucoz.CH2OH[CHOH]3-CO-CH2OH CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO

b) Saccaroz v mantoz (C12H22O11) Saccaroz l mt isaccarit, cu to bi C1 ca gc - glucoz ni vi C2 ca gc - fructoz qua nguyn t O (C1 O C2). Trong phn t khng cn nhm OH semiaxetal, nn khng c kh nng m vng. 22 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

Mantoz l ng phn ca saccaroz, cu to bi C1 ca gc - glucoz ni vi C4 ca gc - hoc - glucoz qua nguyn t O (C1 O C4). n v monosaccarit th hai c nhm OH semiaxetal t do, do c th m vng to thnh nhm anehit ( CHO). c) Tinh bt v xenluloz (C6H10O5)n Tinh bt l polisaccarit, cu to bi cc mt xch -glucoz lin kt vi nhau thnh mch xon l xo, phn t khng c nhm CHO v cc nhm OH b che lp i. Xenluloz l ng phn ca tinh bt, cu to bi cc mt xch -glucoz lin kt vi nhau thnh mch ko di, phn t khng c nhm CHO v mi mt xch cn 3 nhm OH t do, nn cng thc ca xenluloz cn c th vit [C6H7O2(OH)3]n. 2. Tnh cht ho hcCacbohirat Glucoz Tnh cht T/c ca anehit + [Ag(NH3)2]OH T/c ring ca OH hemiaxetal + CH3OH/HCl T/c ca poliancol + Cu(OH)2 T/c ca ancol (P/ este ho) + (CH3CO)2O Ag + Ag Fructoz Saccaroz Mantoz Tinh bt Xenluloz

Metyl glucozit

-

-

Metyl glucozit

-

-

dd mu xanh lam

dd mu xanh lam

dd mu xanh lam

dd mu xanh lam

-

-

+

+

+

+

+

Xenluloz triaxetat Xenluloz trinitrat

+ + HNO3/H2SO4 P/ thu phn + H2O/H+ P/ mu + I2 -

+

+

+

+

-

Glucoz + Fructoz

Glucoz

Glucoz

Glucoz

-

-

-

-

mu xanh c trng

-

(+) c phn ng, khng yu cu vit sn phm; (-) khng c phn ng. (*) phn ng trong mi trng kim.


23

B - MT S PHN NG HO HC THNG GP 1.CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO+5CH3COOH CH3COOCH2[CHOOCCH3]4CHO Xt,t0

(pentaaxetyl glucoz) + H2O Ni,t0 CH OH[CHOH] CH OH 2. CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + H2 2 4 2 Sobit (Sobitol) t0 3. CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 CH2OH[CHOH]4COOH + Cu2O + +2H2O 4.t CH 2 OH[CHOH]4 CHO + 2[Ag(NH 3) 2 ]OH CH 2OH[CHOH] 4COONH 4 +2Ag + 3NH 3 + O H 2o

glucoz amoni gluconat Men r u 5. C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Men lactic 6. C6H12O6 2CH3CHOHCOOH Axit lactic (axit sa chua) Men 7. (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 Hoa H+ c (Tinh bt) (Glucoz)t 8. (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 xt: H +0

(Xenluloz) (Glucoz) Ca(OH)2 9. 6HCHO C6H12O6 10.6 CH2OH H 4 OH 5 OH 3 H O H 2 OH H 1 OH H 6 CH2OH 5 OH 3 HOH

O H 2 OH

H 1

+ HOCH3

HCl

4 OH

+ H2O

OCH3

metyl -glucozit 11. CH2OH[CHOH]3COCH2OH CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO 12. CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + Br2 + H2O CH2OH[CHOH]4COOH + 2HBr 3+ 13. CH2OH[CHOH]4COOH + Fe to phc mu vng xanh. H 2SO4 loa g n 14. C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6(Glucoz) + C6H12O6(Fructoz)

24


15. C12H22O11 + Ca(OH)2 + H2O C12H22O11.CaO.2H2O 16. C12H22O11.CaO.2H2O + CO2 C12H22O11 + CaCO3 2H2O + 17. (C6H10O5)n + nH2O hoa men c tinh bt 18. 6nCO2 + 5nH2ODie lu p c a/ s ma tr t i

Axit vo loa g, t 0 c n

nC6H12O6 glucoz

(C6H10O5)n0

Axit vo loa g, t c n 19. (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 xenluloz glucoz H 2SO4 , t 0 20. [C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 3nHONO2 [C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n + 3nH2O (HNO3) xenluloz trinitrat

C- BI TP TRC NGHIM I- BI TP C BN Cu 2.1 Tm t thch hp in vo ch trng trong on vn sau: dng mch h glucoz v fructoz u c nhm cacbonyl, nhng trong phn t glucoz nhm cacbonyl nguyn t C s , cn trong phn t fructoz nhm cacbonyl nguyn t C s. Trong mi trng baz, fructoz c th chuyn ho thnh v A. 1, 2, glucoz, ngc li. B. 2, 2, glucoz, ngc li. C. 2, 1, glucoz, ngc li. D. 1, 2, glucoz, mantoz. Cu 2.2 Cacbohirat l g? A. Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c a chc v a s chng c cng thc chung l Cn(H2O)m. B. Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc v a s chng c cng thc chung l Cn(H2O)m. C. Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc. D. Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c a chc v a s chng c cng thc chung l Cn(H2O)n. Cu 2.3 C my loi cacbohirat quan trng? A. 1 loi. B. 2 loi. C. 3 loi. D. 4 loi. Cu 2.4 Nhng th nghim no chng minh c cu to phn t ca glucoz? A. phn ng vi Na v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac. B. phn ng vi NaOH v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac. C. phn ng vi CuO v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac. D. phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac. Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 25

Cu 2.5 trng bc mt chic gng soi, ngi ta phi un nng dung dch cha 36g glucoz vi lng va dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac. Khi lng bc sinh ra bm vo mt knh ca gng v khi lng AgNO 3 cn dng ln lt l (bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton) A. 68,0g; 43,2g. B. 21,6g; 68,0g. C. 43,2g; 68,0g. D. 43,2g; 34,0g. Cu 2.6 Phng n no di y c th phn bit c saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz dng bt? A. Cho tng cht tc dng vi dung dch HNO3/H2SO4. B. Cho tng cht tc dng vi dung dch iot. C. Ho tan tng cht vo nc, sau un nng v th vi dung dch iot. D. Cho tng cht tc dng vi vi sa Ca(OH)2. Cu 2.7 phn bit cc dung dch glucoz, saccaroz v anehit axetic c th dng cht no trong cc cht sau lm thuc th ? A. Cu(OH)2/OH . B. NaOH. C. HNO3. D. AgNO3/NH3. Cu 2.8 C bn l mt nhn cha: Glixerol, ancol etylic, glucoz v axit axetic. Thuc th no sau y c th dng phn bit cc dung dch trong tng l trn ? A. [Ag(NH3)2]OH. B. Na kim loi. C. Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim. D. Nc brom. Cu 2.9 phn bit cc cht: Glucoz, glixerol, anehit axetic, lng trng trng v ru etylic, c th ch dng mt thuc th no sau y? A. dung dch HNO3. B. Cu(OH)2/OH . C. dung dch AgNO3/NH3. D. dung dch brom. Cu 2.10 Chn cch phn bit cc dung dch sau y: Lng trng trng, h tinh bt, glixerol. A. Iot lm h tinh bt ho xanh, glixerol tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to dung dch xanh lam c trng, cn li lng trng trng. B. Glixerol tc dng Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to dung dch xanh lam c trng, lng trng trng tc dng Cu(OH)2 cho mu xanh tm, cn li h tinh bt. C. Iot lm h tinh bt ho xanh, khi un nng lng trng trng ng t, cn li glixerol. D. C B, C u ng. 26 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

Cu 2.11 C 4 dung dch long khng mu gm: Lng trng trng, glixerol, KOH v axit axetic. Ch dng mt thuc th no sau y phn bit chng. A. dung dch HCl. B. dung dch CuSO4. C. dung dch KMnO4. D. dung dch HNO3 c. Cu 2.12 Chn cu pht biu sai: A. Saccaroz l mt isaccarit. B. Tinh bt v xenluloz u l polisaccarit, ch khc nhau v cu to ca gc glucoz. C. Khi thu phn n cng saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz u cho mt loi monosaccarit. D. Khi thu phn n cng, tinh bt v xenluloz u cho glucoz. Cu 2.13 Cng l cht rn kt tinh, khng mu, khng mi, d tan trong nc, c v ngt l tnh cht vt l v trng thi t nhin ca nhm cht no sau y? A. glucoz v saccaroz. B. glucoz v tinh bt. C. glucoz v xenluloz. D. saccaroz v tinh bt. Cu 2.14 Cho cc cht glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz, tinh bt, xenluloz. Cht va c tnh cht ca ancol a chc, va c tnh cht ca anehit l A. ch c glucoz. B. glucoz v fructoz. C. glucoz, fructoz v saccaroz. D. tt c cc cht cho. Cu 2.15 trng bc mt s rut phch, ngi ta phi dng 100g saccaroz. Khi lng AgNO3 cn dng v khi lng Ag to ra ln lt l (gi thit rng, s chuyn ho ca fructoz l khng ng k v hiu sut cc phn ng u t 90%) A. 88,74g; 50,74g. B. 102,0g; 52,5g. C. 52,5g; 91,8g. D. 91,8g; 64,8g. Cu 2.16 Khi t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c thu c hn hp kh CO2 v hi nc c t l mol l 1:1. Cht ny c th ln men ru (ancol). Cht l cht no trong cc cht sau ? A. axit axetic. B. glucoz. C. sacacroz. D. hex-3-en. Cu 2.17 Khi thu phn 1kg bt go c 80% tinh bt, th khi lng glucoz thu c l bao nhiu ? Gi thit rng, phn ng xy ra hon ton. A. 0,80kg. B. 0,90kg. C. 0,99kg. D. 0,89kg. Cu 2.18 Tnh khi lng glucoz to thnh khi thu phn 1kg mn ca c 50% xenluloz. Gi thit hiu sut phn ng l 80%. Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 27

A. 0,555kg. B. 0,444kg. C. 0,500kg. D. 0,690kg. Cu 2.19 Nhm gluxit u tham gia phn ng thu phn l A. Saccaroz, mantoz, glucoz. B. Saccaroz, fructoz, xenluloz. C. Mantoz, tinh bt, xenluloz. D. Saccaroz, glucoz, tinh bt. Cu 2.20 Nhm gluxit u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng l A. Glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz. B. Glucoz, fructoz, tinh bt. C. Glucoz, fructoz, xenluloz. D. Glucoz, fructoz, mantoz. Cu 2.21 Cho glucoz ln men to thnh ancol, kh CO2 to thnh c dn qua dung dch nc vi trong d, thu c 50g kt ta, bit hiu sut ln men l 80%, khi lng ancol thu c l A. 23,0g. B. 18,4g. C. 27,6g. D. 28,0g. Cu 2.22 Chn s phn ng ng ca glucoz A. C6H12O6 + Cu(OH)2 kt ta gch n B. C6H12O6 m e CH3CH(OH)COOH C. C6H12O6 + CuO Dung dch mu xanh n D. C6H12O6 me C2H5OH + O2 Cu 2.23 Nhm gluxit khi thu phn hon ton u ch to thnh glucoz l: A. Saccaroz, mantoz, tinh bt. B. Saccaroz, mantoz, xenluloz. C. Mantoz, tinh bt, xenluloz. D. Saccaroz, mantoz, tinh bt, xenluloz. Cu 2.24 Pht biu no sau y khng ng ? A. Glucoz v fructoz l ng phn cu to ca nhau. B. Metyl - glucozit khng th chuyn sang dng mch h. C. Trong dung dch, glucoz tn ti dng mch vng u tin hn dng mch h. D. C th phn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng trng bc. Cu 2.25 Bit CO2 chim 0,03% th tch khng kh, th tch khng kh (ktc) cn cung cp cho cy xanh quang hp to 162g tinh bt l A. 112.103 lt. B. 448.103 lt. 28 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

C. 336.103 lt. D. 224.103 lt. Cu 2.26 Glucoz tc dng c vi tt c cht trong nhm cht no sau y? A. H2/Ni , nhit ; Cu(OH)2; [Ag(NH3)2]OH; H2O/H+, nhit . B. [Ag(NH3)2]OH; Cu(OH)2; H2/Ni, un nng; CH3COOH/H2SO4 c, un nng. C. H2/Ni , nhit ; [Ag(NH3)2]OH; NaOH; Cu(OH)2. D. H2/Ni , nhit ; [Ag(NH3)2]OH; Na2CO3; Cu(OH)2. Cu 2.27 Chn cu pht biu sai: A. Phn bit glucoz v saccaroz bng phn ng trng gng. B. Phn bit mantoz v saccaroz bng phn ng trng gng. C. Phn bit tinh bt v xenluloz bng I2. D. Phn bit saccaroz v glixerol bng Cu(OH)2. Cu 2.28 Chn cu pht biu ng: A. Phn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng trng gng. B. Tinh bt c cu trc phn t mch khng phn nhnh. C. Dung dch mantoz c tnh kh v b thu phn thnh glucoz. D. Phn bit saccaroz v glixerol bng phn ng thu phn.asmt Cu 2.29 Phng trnh: 6nCO2 + 5nH2O (C6H10O5)n + 6nO2, l phn Clorofin ng ho hc chnh ca qu trnh no sau y? A. qu trnh h hp. B. qu trnh quang hp. C. qu trnh kh. D. qu trnh oxi ho. Cu 2.30 Cho s phn ng: Thuc sng khng khi X Y sobit. Tn gi X, Y ln lt l A. xenluloz, glucoz. B. tinh bt, etanol. C. mantoz, etanol. D. saccaroz, etanol. Cu 2.31 Phn ng kh glucoz l phn ng no sau y ? A. Glucoz + H2/Ni , to. B. Glucoz + Cu(OH)2. men C. Glucoz + [Ag(NH3)2]OH. D. Glucoz etanol. Cu 2.32 iu ch 45g axit lactic t tinh bt v qua con ng ln men lactic, hiu sut thu phn tinh bt v ln men lactic tng ng l 90% v 80%. Khi lng tinh bt cn dng l A. 50g. B. 56,25g. C. 56g. D. 60g.


29

Cu 2.33 Phn ng chuyn glucoz, fructoz thnh nhng sn phm ging nhau l A. phn ng vi Cu(OH)2. B. phn ng trng gng. o C. phn ng vi H2/Ni. t . D. phn ng vi kim loi Na. Cu 2.34 Thuc th phn bit glucoz vi fructoz l A. [Ag(NH3)2]OH. B. Cu(OH)2. C. dung dch Br2. D. H2. Cu 2.35 Cacbohirat (gluxit) l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc v c cng thc chung l A. Cn(H2O)m. B. C.nH2O. C. CxHyOz. D. R(OH)x(CHO)y. Cu 2.36 Cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca xenluloz ln lt l A. (C6H12O6)n, [C6H7O2(OH)3]n. B. (C6H10O5)n, [C6H7O2(OH)3]n. C. [C6H7O2(OH)3]n, (C6H10O5)n. D. (C6H10O5)n, [C6H7O2(OH)2]n. Cu 2.37 Mt polisaccarit (C6H10O5)n c khi lng phn t l 162000u, n c gi tr l A. 900. B. 950. C. 1000. D. 1500. Cu 2.38 Gluxit khng th thu phn c na l A. Glucoz, mantoz. B. Glucoz, tinh bt. C. Glucoz, xenluloz. D. Glucoz, fructoz. Cu 2.39 Cacbohirat khi thu phn to ra 2 phn t monosaccarit l A. Saccaroz, tinh bt. B. saccaroz, xenluloz. C. Mantoz, saccaroz. D. Saccaroz, glucoz. Cu 2.40 Saccaroz v glucoz c c im ging nhau l A. u ly t c ci ng. B. u tham gia phn ng trng gng. C. u ho tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to dung dch mu xanh c trng. D. u c trong bit dc huyt thanh ngt. Cu 2.41 Polisaccarit khi thu phn n cng to ra nhiu monosaccarit l A. Tinh bt, amiloz. B. Tinh bt, xenluloz. C. Xenluloz, amiloz. D. Xenluloz, amilopectin. Cu 2.42 Cht khng phn ng vi glucoz l A. [Ag(NH3)2]OH. B. Cu(OH)2. 30 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

C. H2/Ni. D. I2. Cu 2.43 Trong mu ngi, nng ca glucoz c gi tr hu nh khng i l A. 0,1%. B. 0,2%. C. 0,3%. D. 0,4%. Cu 2.44 xc nh trong nc tiu ca ngi b bnh tiu ng c cha mt lng nh glucoz, c th dng 2 phn ng ho hc l A. phn ng trng gng, phn ng cng hiro. B. phn ng trng gng, phn ng ln men ru etylic. C. phn ng trng gng, phn ng kh Cu(OH)2. D. phn ng trng gng, phn ng thu phn. Cu 2.45 Sobit (sobitol) l sn phm ca phn ng A. kh glucoz bng H2/Ni, to. B. oxi ho glucoz bng [Ag(NH3)2]OH. C. ln men ru etylic. D. glucoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2. Cu 2.46 Gluxit chuyn ho thnh glucoz trong mi trng kim l A. saccaroz. B. mantoz. C. fructoz. D. tinh bt. Cu 2.47 Tinh bt trong go np cha khong 98% l A. amiloz. B. amilopectin. C. glixerol. D. alanin. Cu 2.48 Phn ng chng t glucoz c nhiu nhm OH cc nguyn t cacbon lin tip nhau l phn ng vi A. dung dch AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3. B. Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. C. tc dng vi axit to este c 5 gc axit. D. Cu(OH)2 nhit cao. Cu 2.49 Phn ng chng minh glucoz c nhm chc anehit l A. tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 to dung dch c mu xanh c trng. B. tc dng vi axit to sobitol. C. phn ng ln men ru etylic. D. phn ng trng gng.


31

Cu 2.50 Phn t glucoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 cho , vy trong phn t Tng t nh glucoz, cng vi hiro cho , b oxi ho bi trong mi trng baz. Cacbohirat l nhng v a s chng c cng thc chung l (1) dung dch mu xanh lam; (2) c nhiu nhm OH; (3) v tr k nhau; (4) fructoz; (5) poliancol; (6) phc bc amoniac; (7) hp cht hu c tp chc; (8) Cn(H2O)m. T hay cm t thch hp nhng ch trng trong cc cu on vn trn ln lt l A. (2), (3), (1), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8). B. (1), (2), (4), (5), (3), (6), (7), (8). C. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8). D. (1), (2), (3), (4), (8), (6), (7), (5). Cu 2.51 Khi no bnh nhn c truyn trc tip dung dch glucoz (cn c gi vi bit danh huyt thanh ngt). A. Khi bnh nhn c lng glucoz trong mu > 0,1%. B. Khi bnh nhn c lng glucoz trong mu < 0,1%. C. Khi bnh nhn c lng glucoz trong mu = 0,1%. D. Khi bnh nhn c lng glucoz trong mu t 0,1% 0,2%. Cu 2.52 Phng php iu ch etanol no sau y ch dng trong phng th nghim ? A. Ln men glucoz. B. Thu phn dn xut etyl halogenua trong mi trng kim. C. Cho etilen tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long, nng. D. Cho hn hp etilen v hi nc qua thp cha H3PO4. Cu 2.53 Fructoz khng phn ng vi cht no sau y? A. H2/Ni, to. B. Cu(OH)2. C. dung dch brom. D. AgNO3/NH3. Cu 2.54 Phn ng no sau y chng t glucoz c dng mch vng? A. phn ng vi Cu(OH)2. B. phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3. o C. phn ng vi H2/Ni, t . D. phn ng vi CH3OH/HCl. II- BI TP NNG CAO Cu 2.55 Phn ng tng hp glucoz trong cy xanh cn c cung cp nng lng l 2813kJ cho mi mol glucoz to thnh. 32 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

6CO2 + 6H2O

C6H12O6 + 6O22

Nu trong mt pht, mi cm l xanh nhn c khong 2,09J nng lng mt tri, nhng ch 10% c s dng vo phn ng tng hp glucoz. Vi mt ngy nng (t 6h00 17h00) din tch l xanh l 1m 2, lng glucoz tng hp c bao nhiu? A. 88,26g. B. 88.32g. C. 90,26g. D. 90,32g. Cu 2.56 Cho 10kg glucoz cha 10% tp cht, ln men thnh ancol etylic. Trong qu trnh ch bin, ancol b hao ht 5%. Khi lng ancol etylic thu c bng bao nhiu? A. 4,65kg. B. 4,37kg. C. 6,84kg. D. 5,56kg. Cu 2.57 Ln men a g glucoz, cho ton b lng CO2 sinh ra hp th vo dung dch nc vi trong to thnh 10g kt ta. Khi lng dung dch so vi ban u gim 3,4g. Bit hiu sut ca qu trnh ln men l 90%, gi tr ca a l A. 12. B. 13. C. 14. D. 15. Cu 2.58 Cho 4 cht hu c X, Y, Z, T. Khi oxi ho hon ton tng cht u cho cng kt qu: C to ra 4,4g CO 2 th km theo 1,8g H2O v cn mt th tch oxi va ng bng th tch CO2 thu c. T l phn t khi ca X, Y, Z, T ln lt l 6:1:3:2 v s nguyn t cacbon trong mi cht khng nhiu hn 6. Cng thc phn t ca X, Y, Z, T ln lt l A. C6H12O6, C3H6O3, CH2O, C2H4O2. B. C6H12O6, C3H6O3, C2H4O2, CH2O. C. C6H12O6, CH2O, C3H6O3, C2H4O2. D. C6H12O6, CH2O, C2H4O2, C3H6O3. Cu 2.59 Saccaroz u tc dng c vi nhm cht no sau y ? (1) H2/Ni, to; (2) Cu(OH)2; (3) [Ag(NH3)2]OH; (4) CH3COOH (H2SO4 c) A. (1), (2). B. (2), (4). C. (2), (3). D. (1), (4). Cu 2.60 Mt cacbohirat (Z) c cc phn ng din ra theo s chuyn ho sau Cu(OH)2/NaOH to dung dch xanh lam kt ta gch Z Vy Z khng th l A. glucoz. C. fructoz. B. saccaroz. D. mantoz.


33

Cu 2.61 t chy hon ton 0,01 mol mt cacbohirat (X), thu c 5,28g CO2 v 1,98g H2O. Bit rng, t l khi lng H v O trong X l 0,125:1. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C6H12O6. B. C12H24O12. C. C12H22O11. D. (C6H10O5)n. Cu 2.62 Cho m g tinh bt ln men sn xut ancol etylic, ton b lng CO 2 sinh ra cho qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 750,0g kt ta. Bit hiu sut mi giai on ln men l 80%. Gi tr m cn dng l bao nhiu ? A. 940,0. B. 949,2. C. 950,5. D. 1000,0. Cu 2.63 Cho s chuyn i sau (E, Q, X, Y, Z l hp cht hu c, mi mi tn biu th mt phn ng ho hc). Cng thc ca E, Q, X, Y, Z ph hp vi s sau l Q XE CO2 C2H5OH Z Y

A. B. C. D.

E Q C12H22O11 C6H12O6 (C6H10O5)n C6H12O6 (C6H10O5)n C6H12O6 A, B, C u sai.

X CH3COOH CH3CHO CH3CHO

Y CH3COOC2H5 CH3COOH CH3COONH4

Z CH3COONa CH3COOC2H5 CH3COOH

Cu 2.64 Xenluloz trinitrat l cht d chy v n mnh, c u ch t xenluloz v axit nitric. Mun iu ch 29,70kg xenluloz trinitrat (hiu sut 90%) th th tch axit nitric 96% (D=1,52 g/ml) cn dng l bao nhiu ? A. 14,39 lt. B. 15,00 lt. C. 15,39 lt. D. 24,39 lt. Cu 2.65 Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau: A. Xenluloz v tinh bt c phn t khi nh. B. Xenluloz c phn t khi nh hn tinh bt. C. Xenluloz v tinh bt c phn t khi gn bng nhau. D. Xenluloz v tinh bt u c phn t khi rt ln, nhng phn t khi ca xenluloz ln hn nhiu so vi tinh bt. 34 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

Cu 2.66 sn xut ancol etylic ngi ta dng nguyn liu l mn ca v v bo t g cha 50% xenluloz. Nu mun iu ch mt tn ancol etylic, hiu sut qu trnh l 70% th khi lng nguyn liu xp x A. 5031kg. B. 5000kg. C. 5100kg. D. 6200kg. Cu 2.67 Chn pht biu sai: A. C th phn bit mantoz v ng nho bng v gic. B. Tinh bt v xenluloz khng th hin tnh kh v trong phn t khng c nhm chc anehit (CH=O). C. Tinh bt c phn ng mu vi iot do tinh bt c cu to mch dng xon c l rng. D. C th phn bit glucoz v saccaroz bng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 /OH-, to. Cu 2.68 Cho xenluloz phn ng vi anhirit axetic (xc tc H2SO4 c), thu c 11,1g hn hp X gm xenluloz triaxetat, xenluloz iaxetat v 6,6g CH3COOH. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca xenluloz triaxetat v xenluloz iaxetat trong X ln lt l A. 77% v 23%. B. 77,84% v 22,16%. C. 76,84% v 23,16%. D. 70% v 30%. Cu 2.69 Ln men 1 tn tinh bt cha 5% tp cht tr thnh ancol etylic, hiu sut ca mi qu trnh ln men l 85%. Khi lng ancol thu c l A. 400kg. B. 398,8kg. C. 389,8kg. D. 390kg. Cu 2.70 Pha long 389,8kg ancol etylic thnh ancol 40o, bit khi lng ring ca ancol etylic l 0,8 g/cm3. Th tch dung dch ancol thu c l A. 1206,25 lt. B. 1246,25 lt. C. 1218,125 lt. D. tt c u sai. Cu 2.71 Kh cacbonic chim t l 0,03% th tch khng kh. Mun to ra 500g tinh bt th cn bao nhiu lt khng kh (ktc) cung cp lng CO 2 cho phn ng quang hp? Gi thit hiu sut qu trnh l 100% A. 1382666,7 lt. B. 1382600 lt. C. 1402666,7 lt. D. tt c u sai. Cu 2.72 t chy hon ton 0,0855g mt cacbohirat X. Sn phm c dn vo nc vi trong thu c 0,1g kt ta v dung dch A, ng thi khi lng dung dch tng 0,0815g. un nng dung dch A li c 0,1g kt ta na. Bit khi lm bay hi 0,4104g X thu c th tch kh ng bng th tch 0,0552g hn hp hi ancol etylic v axit fomic o trong cng iu kin. Cng thc phn t ca X l Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 35

A. C12H22O11. C. (C6H10O5)n.

B. C6H12O6. D. C18H36O18.

36


P N V HNG DN GII CHNG II 2.1 A 2.11 B 2.21 A 2.31 A 2.41 B 2.51 B 2.61 C 2.71 A 2.2 B 2.12 C 2.22 B 2.32 B 2.42 D 2.52 B 2.62 B 2.72 A 2.3 C 2.13 A 2.23 C 2.33 C 2.43 A 2.53 C 2.63 B 2.4 D 2.14 A 2.24 D 2.34 C 2.44 C 2.54 D 2.64 A 2.5 C 2.15 A 2.25 B 2.35 A 2.45 A 2.55 A 2.65 D 2.6 C 2.16 B 2.26 B 2.36 B 2.46 C 2.56 B 2.66 A 2.7 A 2.17 D 2.27 D 2.37 C 2.47 B 2.57 D 2.67 A 2.8 C 2.18 B 2.28 C 2.38 D 2.48 B 2.58 C 2.68 B 2.9 B 2.19 C 2.29 B 2.39 C 2.49 D 2.59 B 2.69 C 2.10 D 2.20 D 2.30 A 2.40 C 2.50 C 2.60 B 2.70 C

CHNG III. AMIN

AMINO AXIT PROTEIN

A MT S VN L THUYT CN NM VNG 1. Cu to phn t: Cc nhm c trngR NH2; R CH COOH; NH2 H2N CH CO 1 R ... NH CH COOH n R

amin

- amino axit

peptit

2. Tnh cht a) Tnh cht ca nhm NH2 + Tnh bazR NH2 + H2O [R NH3]+ + OH-

Tc dng vi axit cho mui:R NH2 + HCl [R NH3]+Cl-

Lu : Mi yu t lm tng mt electron nguyn t nit trong phn t amin trung ho ni chung u lm tng tnh baz (tr trng hp chu nh hng ca hiu ng che chn khng gian v kh nng solvat ho trong dung mi nc). Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 37

Nhng nhm y electron, chng hn cc gc ankyl c hiu ng +I, s lm cho tnh baz tng ln. Ngc li nhm phenyl c hiu ng C ht electron, s lm tnh baz yu i. V vy cc amin mch h c tnh baz mnh hn (dung dch trong nc ca chng c th lm xanh giy qu) so vi amin thm (Anilin khng lm xanh giy qu). iu ny c gii thch l: Amin thm cha vng benzen ht electron, ng thi trong phn t xut hin hiu ng lin hp p - theo chiu chuyn dch electron hng vo vng benzen, lm gim mt in tch m nguyn t N, do kh nng nhn proton ca anilin gim. V nguyn tc, cng thay th nhiu nguyn t H trong phn t NH3 bng nhng nhm c hiu ng y electron +I tnh baz cng tng, ngc li cng c nhiu nhm gy hiu ng C tnh baz s cng gim. V vy, ta c th vit: (CH3)2NH > CH3NH2 > NH3 > C6H5NH2 > (C6H5)2NH > (C6H5)3N. + Tc dng vi HNO2 Da vo kh nng phn ng khc nhau i vi HNO 2 ca cc amin mi bc, ngi ta c th phn bit c chng. Thc t HNO2 khng bn, nn phi dng hn hp (NaNO2 + HCl). Amin bc 1 Amin bo bc 1 Tc dng vi axit nitr to ancol tng ng v gii phng kh nit (hin tng si bt kh). HCl R NH2 + HONO R OH + N2 + H2ONaNO + HCl 2 Th d: C2H5NH2 + HONO C2H5OH + N2 + H2O

Amin thm bc 1 Tc dng vi axit nitr trong mi trng axit nhit thp to mui iazoni, un nng dung dch mui iazoni s to ra phenol v gii phng nit.ArNH2 + HNO2 + HCl0-5oC -2H2O

ArN2+Cl- hay ArN2Cl

+ NaNO2 + HCl Th d: C6H5NH2+HONO+HCl C 6 H 5 N N Cl +2H2O (1*) (anilin) (phenyliazoni clorua) un nng dung dch mui iazoni:

38


+ t0 C 6 H N N Cl + H2O C6H5OH + N2+ HCl (2*) 5 Lu : Trong cng thc phn t khng cn vit cc phn ng (1* v 2*), ch cn nu hin tng. Amin bc 2 Cc amin bc 2 thuc dy thm hay dy bo u d dng phn ng vi HNO 2 to thnh nitrozamin (Nitroso) mu vng: R(R)N H +HO N=O R(R)N N =O + H2O (Nitroso mu vng) Amin bc 3: Khng phn ng (khng c hin tng g). + Tc dng vi dn xut halogen: R NH2 + CH3I R NHCH3 + HI

b) Amino axit c tnh cht ca nhm COOH Tnh axit RCH(NH2)COOH + NaOH RCH(NH2)COONa + H2O Phn ng este ho:2 4 RCH(NH2)COOH + R1OH RCH(NH2)COOR1 + H2O c) Amino axit c phn ng gia nhm COOH v nhm NH2 To mui ni (ion lng cc):

H SO

H3N+

CH

COO-

H2N

CH

COOH

R R Phn ng trng ngng ca cc - v - amino axit to poliamit:

NH [CH2]5 CO n + nH2O d) Protein c phn ng ca nhm peptit CO-NH + Phn ng thu phn:H 2N CH1 R H2 N

nH2N [CH2]5 COOH

to

CO HN CH R1

CH

CO

HN CH R2

CH

CO

... NH CH R3

CH

R2 COOH + H2N

R3 COOH + H2N

Rn COOH+ ... + H2N

4 COOH + nH2O hay2enzim

H SO

CH2 Rn

COOH

+ Phn ng mu vi Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch mu xanh tm (dng nhn bit protein). e) Anilin v nhiu protein c phn ng th d dng nguyn t H ca vng benzen


39

NH2

NH2 Br Br (trng) Br

(dd)

+ 3Br2(dd)

+ 3HBr(dd)

B - MT S PHN NG HO HC THNG GPNaNO + HCl 2 1. C2H5NH2 + HONO C2H5OH + N2 + H2O

+ NaNO + HCl 2 2. C6H5NH2+HONO+HCl C 6 H 5 N N Cl +2H2O + 3. C 6 H 5 N N Cl + H2O C6H5OH + N2+ HCl t0 4. R(R)N H +HO N=O R(R)N N =O + H2O (nitroso mu vng) 5. CH3 NH2 + H2O CH3 NH3+ + OH 6. CH3NH2 + HCOOH HCOONH3CH3 metylamoni fomiat 7. C6H5NH2 + HCl C6H5NH3Cl phenylamoni clorua 8. CH3NH3Cl + NaOH CH3NH2 + NaCl + H2O 9. C6H5NH2 + CH3COOH CH3COONH3C6H5 10. C6H5NH2 + H2SO4 C6H5NH3HSO4 11. 2C6H5NH2 + H2SO4 [C6H5NH3]2SO4 12.

H2N

+ H2SO4

180oC

H2NNH2

SO3H

+ H2O

13.NH2 Br Br

(dd)

+ 3Br2(dd)Br Fe + HCl

+ 3HBr(dd)

14. RNO2 + 6 [ H ] RNH2 + 2H2O Fe + HCl H ] C6H5NH2 + 2H2O 15. C6H5NO2 + 6 [ 40 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

Cng c th vit: 16. RNO2 + 6HCl + 3Fe RNH2 + 3FeCl2 + 2H2O Al 2O3, P 17. R OH + NH3 RNH2 + H2O Al 2O3, P 18. 2R OH + NH3 (R)2NH + 2H2O Al 2O3, P 19. 3R OH + NH3 (R)3N + 3H2O C2H5OH 20. R Cl + NH3 R NH2 + HCl 1000C

21. R NH2 + HCl R NH3Cl C2H5OH 22. R Cl + NH3 R NH3Cl 1000C 23. R NH3Cl + NaOH R NH2 + NaCl + H2O C2H5OH 24. 2R Cl + NH3 (R)2NH + 2HCl 1000 CC2H5OH 25. 3R Cl + NH3 (R)3N + 3HCl 1000 C

26. H2NRCOOH H2NRCOO- + H+ H3N+R COO 27. H2NR(COOH)a + aNaOH H2N(COONa)a + aH2O 28. 2(H2N)bR(COOH)a + aBa(OH)2 [(H2N)bR(COO)a]2Baa + 2aH2O 1 29. H2NRCOOH + Na H2NRCOONa + H2 2 30. (H2N)b R (COOH)a + aNa (H2N)bR(COONa)a + a 2

H2

31. 2(H2N)bR(COOH)a + aNa2O 2(H2N)b R(COONa)a + aH2O HCl 32. H2NRCOOH + ROH H2NRCOOR + H2O HCl 33. H2NRCOOH + ROH + HCl [H3N+RCOOR]Cl- + H2O

34. [H3N+RCOOR]Cl- + NH3 H2NRCOOR + NH4Cl 35. H2NRCOOH + HCl ClH3NRCOOH 36. 2(H2N)bR(COOH)a + bH2SO4 [(H3N)bR(COOH)a]2(SO4)b 37. ClH3NRCOOH + 2NaOH H2NRCOONa + NaCl + H2O HCl 38. H2NRCOOH + HONO HORCOOH + N2 + H2O 39. nH2N[CH2]5COOHxt, to, p

NH[CH2]5CO n + nH2O

HN[CH2]6CO n + nH2O nH2N[CH2]6COOH 40. 41. CH3CH(Br)COOH + 3NH3 CH3CH(NH2)COONH4 + NH4Br C- BI TP TRC NGHIM Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 41

xt, to, p

I- BI TP C BN Cu 3.1 S sp xp theo trt t tng dn tnh baz gia etylamin, phenylamin v amoniac ng l A. amoniac < etylamin < phenylamin. B. etylamin < amoniac < phenylamin. C. phenylamin < amoniac < etylamin. D. phenylamin < etylamin < amoniac. Cu 3.2 Cch thun li nht nhn bit l ng dung dch CH3NH2 l A. nhn bit bng mi. B. thm vi git dung dch H2SO4. C. thm vi git dung dch Na2CO3 D. a u a thu tinh nhng vo dung dch HCl m c ln pha trn ming l ng dung dch CH3NH2. Cu 3.3 S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C3H9N l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 3.4 S lng ng phn amin bc 2 ng vi cng thc phn t C4H11N l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 3.5 S lng ng phn amin c cha vng benzen ng vi cng thc phn t C7H9N l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 3.6 Amino axit l mt hp cht hu c tp chc, trong phn t ca n va c nhm (1)va c nhm (2)nn va c tnh cht (3)va c tnh cht (4). Amino axit thng tn ti di dng (5)cn bng vi dng (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) A. amin cacbonyl oxi ho Axit phn t phn t ion lng B. amino cacboxyl baz Axit phn t cc C. hiroxyl metylen kh oxi ho cation anion D. xeton metyl axit lng tnh nguyn t cation Cu 3.7 C 3 cht hu c gm NH2CH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH v CH3[CH2]3NH2. nhn ra dung dch ca cc hp cht trn, ch cn dng thuc th no sau y? 42 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

A. NaOH. B. HCl. C. CH3OH/HCl. D. qu tm. Cu 3.8 Este A c iu ch t amino axit B (ch cha C, H, O, N) v ancol metylic. T khi hi ca A so vi H2 l 44,5. t chy hon ton 8,9g este A thu c 13,2g CO2, 6,3g H2O v 1,12 lt N2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca A, B ln lt l A. CH(NH2)2COOCH3; CH(NH2)2COOH. B. CH2(NH2)COOH; CH2(NH2)COOCH3. C. CH2(NH2)COOCH3; CH2(NH2)COOH. D. CH(NH2)2COOH; CH(NH2)2COOCH3. Cu 3.9 Thuc th no di y dng phn bit cc dung dch glucoz, glixerol, etanol v lng trng trng? A. NaOH. B. AgNO3/NH3. C. Cu(OH)2. D. HNO3. Cu 3.10 Khi thu phn 500g protein A thu c 170g alanin. Nu phn t khi ca A l 50.000, th s mt xch alanin trong phn t A l bao nhiu? A. 189. B. 190. C. 191. D. 192. Cu 3.11 Cht no sau y khng c phn ng vi dung dch C2H5NH2 trong H2O? A. HCl. B. H2SO4. C. NaOH. D. qu tm. Cu 3.12 Glixin phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong nhm cht no sau y (iu kin phn ng xem nh c ): A. Qu tm , HCl , NH3 , C2H5OH. B. NaOH, HCl, C2H5OH, CH2 COOH.NH2

C. Phenoltalein , HCl , C2H5OH , Na. D. Na , NaOH , Br2 , C2H5OH. Cu 3.13 Tm cng thc cu to ca hp cht hu c X cha 32% C; 6,667% H; 42,667% O; 18,666% N. Bit phn t X c mt nguyn t N v X c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng ngng. A. H2NCH2COOH. B. C2H5NO2. C. HCOONH3CH3. D. CH3COONH4.


43

Cu 3.14 Hp cht hu c A c cng thc phn t l C3H7O2N, A tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH, dung dch HCl v lm mt mu dung dch brom. Cng thc cu to ng ca A l A. CH3CH(NH2)COOH. B. CH2=CHCOONH4. C. HCOOCH2CH2NH2. D. H2NCH2CH2COOH. Cu 3.15 Cho cc cht: etylen glicol (1), axit aminoaxetic (2), axit oxalic (3), axit acrylic (4). Nhng cht c th tham gia phn ng trng ngng l A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (2). C. Ch c (2). D. C bn cht. Cu 3.16 C cc dung dch cha trong cc l mt nhn sau: Lng trng trng, h tinh bt, glixerol. Thuc th c th dng phn bit cc dung dch trn l A. Cu(OH)2. B. I2. C. AgNO3. D. c A, B u ng. Cu 3.17 S ng phn ca hp cht hu c thm c cng thc phn t C 7H7NO2 l A. 7. B. 6. C. 5. D. 8. Cu 3.18 S ng phn ca cc cht c cng thc phn t C4H10O (1), C4H9Cl (2), C4H10 (3), C4H11N (4) theo chiu tng dn l A. (3), (2), (1), (4). B. (4), (1), (2), (3). C. (2), (4), (1), (3). D. (4), (3), (2), (1). Cu 3.19 Cho s phn ng: NaOH C9H17O4N (X) C5H7O4NNa2 (Y) + 2C2H5OH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X, Y ln lt l A. C2H5OOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COOC2H5, NaOOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COONa. B. CH3OOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COOC3H7, NaOOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COONa. C. HOOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COOC4H9, NaOOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COONa. D. CH3OOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COOCH(CH3)2, NaOOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COONa. Cu 3.20 Chn pht biu ng v hp cht tp chc: A. Hp cht hu c c t hai loi nhm chc tr ln. B. Hp cht hu c c t hai nhm chc tr ln. C. Hp cht hu c c nhiu nhm chc. D. Hp cht hu c c hai nhm chc. 44 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

Cu 3.21 Trong s sau, cng thc cu to thu gn ph hp ca A, B, C, D, E ln lt l Etan+ NH2 1:1

+ Cl

A

+ dd NaOH B

2 Cu

+O

C

2 D 2+

+O

Mn

2 1:1

+ Cl

E

Glixin. A. C2H5Cl, C2H5OH , CH3CHO, CH3COOH , CH3COOCl. B. C2H5Cl, C2H5OH , CH3CHO, CH3COOH, CH2ClCOOH. C. C2H5Cl, C2H5OH , CH3 COCH3, CH3COOH, CH2ClCOOH. D. C2H5Cl, C2H5OH , CH3COOH, CH3COCH3, CH2ClCOOH. Cu 3.22 Cho 3 cht hu c: NH2CH2COOH (1); CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 (2); CH3CH2COOH (3). Nhit nng chy ca chng c xp theo trnh t gim dn l A. (2) < (3) < (1). B. (1) > (3) > (2). C. (3) < (2) < (1). D. (2) > (1) > (3). Cu 3.23 Hp cht a chc v hp cht tp chc ging nhau ch A. u l hp cht c nhiu nhm chc. B. u l hp cht cha cc nhm chc ging nhau. C. phn t lun c lin kt . D. mch cacbon trong phn t c lin kt . Cu 3.24 X l mt axit -monoamino monocacboxylic, c t khi hi so vi khng kh l 3,07. X l A. glixin. B. alanin. C. axit - aminobutiric. D. axit glutamic. Cu 3.25 Khi un nng cht bo vi dung dch kim .... A. lun thu c glixerol v phn ng xy ra thun nghch. B. lun thu c glixerol, phn ng xy ra nhanh hn v mt chiu. C. lun thu c mui ca axit bo v phn ng xy ra thun nghch. D. lun thu c x phng, phn ng xy ra chm hn. Chn mt phng n trong s cc phng n trn in vo ch trng trong cu sao cho ng ngha ho hc. Cu 3.26 Amino axit l A. hp cht hu c a chc, c cha 2 nhm chc COOH v NH2. B. hp cht hu c a chc, c cha 2 loi nhm chc COOH v NH2. C. hp cht hu c tp chc, c cha 2 nhm chc COOH v NH2. D. hp cht hu c tp chc, c cha 2 loi nhm chc COOH v NH2.3


45

Cu 3.27 Cng thc tng qut ca amino axit l A. RCH(NH2)COOH. B. R(NH2)x(COOH)y. C. R(NH2)(COOH). D. RCH(NH3Cl)COOH. Cu 3.28 Chn cu pht biu sai: A. Amino axit l hp cht hu c tp chc. B. Tnh baz ca C6H5NH2 yu hn NH3. C. Cng thc tng qut ca amin no, mch h, n chc l CnH2n + 3N (n 1). D. Dung dch ca cc amino axit u lm qu tm chuyn sang mu . Cu 3.29 Hai phng trnh phn ng ho hc sau, chng minh c nhn nh rng: H2NCH2COOH + NaOH H2NCH2COONa + H2O. H2NCH2COOH + HCl HOOCCH2NH3Cl. A. Glixin l mt axit. B. Glixin l mt baz. C. Glixin l mt cht lng tnh. D. Glixin l mt cht trung tnh. Cu 3.30 Hp cht hu c X c cng thc cu to thu gn: HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH. Tn gi ca X l A. glixin. B. alanin. C. axit aipic. D. axit glutamic. Cu 3.31 Cho s chuyn ho sau:XH2SO4 - Na2SO4

Y

C2H5OH, H2SO4, to - Na2SO4

CH3

CH

COO

C2H5

NH3HSO4CH COONa, CH3 CH COOH. NH2 CH COOH. NH2

Cng thc cu to ph hp ca X, Y ln lt lA. CH3 CH C. CH3 COONa, CH3 CH COOH. B. CH3 D. CH3 NH2 CH COONa, CH3 NH2 NH2 CH COOH. NH3HSO4 NH3HSO4 CH COOH, CH3 NH3HSO4

Cu 3.32 Phng trnh phn ng ho hc sau chng minh c rng: H2NCH2COOH + C2H5OHH+, to

H2NCH2COOC2H5 + H2O.

A. H ni vi O ca ancol linh ng hn axit. B. Glixin c nhm NH2. C. H ni vi O ca axit linh ng hn ancol. D. Glixin c nhm COOH. Cu 3.33 iu khng nh no sau y l sai ? A. Phn t khi ca mt amin n chc lun l s chn. B. Amino axit c tnh lng tnh. 46 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

C. Amino axit tham gia phn ng trng ngng. D. Amin n chc u cha mt s l nguyn t H trong phn t. Cu 3.34 Mui ca axit glutamic dng lm bt ngt (cn gi l m chnh), c cng thc cu to thu gn l A. HOOC CH2 CH2 CH(NH2) COOH. B. NaOOC CH2 CH2 CH(NH2) COOH. C. HOOC CH2 CH2 CH(NH2) COONH4. D. NaOOC CH2 CH2 CH(NH2) COONa. Cu 3.35 Cng thc cu to thu gn ca axit 2 amino 3 phenylpropanoic l A. CH2 CH COOH. B. CH2 CH COOH.

NH2 C6H5 C. CH3 CH2 CH C6H5 NH2

COOH.

C6H5 NH2 D. CH3 CH2 CH NH2 C6H5

COOH.

Cu 3.36 Chn cu pht biu sai: A. Protein c trong mi b phn ca c th ng vt l hp cht hu c a chc. B. Cc protein u cha cc nguyn t C , H , O , N. C. nhit thng di tc dng ca men, protein b thu phn to ra cc amino axit. D. Mt s protein b ng t khi un nng. Cu 3.37 iu ch glixin theo s : Axit axetic axit cloaxetic glixin. Cn dng thm cc cht phn ng no sau y (khng k xc tc): A. Hiroclorua v amoniac. B. Clo v amin. C. Axit clohiric v mui amoni. D. Clo v amoniac. Cu 3.38 Tnh baz ca amin no trong s cc amin sau y l yu nht ? A. anilin. B. iphenylamin. C. triphenylamin. D. khng xc nh c. Cu 3.39 Sn phm ca phn ng este ho gia amino axit X v metanol thu c este c t khi hi so vi propin bng 2,225. Tn gi ca X l A. alanin. B. glixin. C. axit glutamic. D. tt c A, B, C u sai. Cu 3.40 Cho dung dch metylamin n d vo cc dung dch sau: FeCl3, CuSO4, Zn(NO3)2, CH3COOK th s lng kt ta thu c l A. 0. B. 1. Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 47

C. 2. D. 3. Cu 3.41 Cho 15g hn hp cc amin gm anilin, metylamin, imetylamin, ietylmetylamin tc dng va vi 50ml dung dch HCl 1M. Khi lng sn phm thu c c gi tr l A. 16,825g. B. 20,18g. C. 21,123g. D. khng d kin tnh. Cu 3.42 Cho dung dch metylamin n d vo cc dung dch sau: (CH3COO)2Cu, (CH3COO)2Pb, (CH3COO)2Mg, CH3COOAg, th s lng kt ta thu c l A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 3.43 Khi nu canh cua, riu cua ni ln c gii thch l do: A. Cc cht bn trong cua cha c lm sch ht. B. C phn ng ho hc ca NaCl vi cht c trong nc lc khi xay (gi) cua. C. S ng t ca protit. D. Tt c cc nguyn nhn nu A, B, C. Cu 3.44 iu ch anilin bng cch kh nitrobenzen th dng cht kh no sau y ? A. NH3. B. kh H2. C. cacbon. D. Fe + dung dch HCl. Cu 3.45 Hn hp (X) gm hai amin n chc. Cho 1,52g X tc dng va vi 200ml dung dch HCl thu c 2,98g mui. Tng s mol hai amin v nng mol/l ca dung dch HCl l A. 0,04 mol v 0,2M. B. 0,02 mol v 0,1M. C. 0,06 mol v 0,3M. D. kt qu khc. Cu 3.46 Cho 3,04g hn hp Y gm hai amin n chc, no, mch h tc dng va vi dung dch HCl thu c 5,96g mui. Bit trong hn hp, s mol hai amin bng nhau. Cng thc phn t ca hai amin l A. CH5N v C2H7N. B. C3H9N v C2H7N. C. C3H9N v C4H11N. D. kt qu khc. Cu 3.47 Hp cht hu c (X) c cng thc phn t CxHyNO c khi lng phn t bng 113u. X c c im cu to v cc tnh cht sau: phn t c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh, khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2, khi tc dng vi dung dch NaOH ch thu c sn phm hu c duy nht. Ngoi ra, X cn c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp. Cng thc cu to ca X l 48 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

A.

CH2 CH2

CH2 CH2

CH2 C = O. NH

B. CH3

CH2

CH2

CH2

C NH2. O

C. H2N[CH2]4 CHO. D. kt qu khc. Cu 3.48 Hy ch ra cu sai trong cc cu sau: A. Cc amin u kt hp vi proton. B. Tnh baz ca cc amin u mnh hn NH3. C. Metylamin c tnh baz mnh hn anilin. D. Cng thc tng qut ca amin no, mch h l CnH2n+2+kNk. Cu 3.49 t chy hon ton hn hp hai amin no, n chc, l ng ng lin tip, thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 3,6g H2O. Cng thc phn t ca 2 amin l A. CH5N v C2H7N. B. C2H7N v C3H9N. C. C3H9N v C4H11N. D. kt qu khc. II- BI TP NNG CAO Cu 3.50 C hai amin bc mt gm A (ng ng ca anilin) v B (ng ng ca metylamin). t chy hon ton 3,21g amin A sinh ra kh CO2, hi H2O v 336 cm3 kh N2 (ktc). Khi t chy amin B thy VCO2 : VH2O = 2 : 3 . Bit rng tn ca A c tip u ng para. Cng thc cu to ca A, B ln lt lNH2 NH2

A.CH3

, C4H9-NH2.

B.CH3

, CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2.

C. CH3-C6H4-NH2 , CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2.

D. CH3-C6H4-NH2 , CH3-CH-NH2.CH3

Cu 3.51 t chy hon ton m g mt amin A bng lng khng kh va , thu c 17,6g kh cacbonic, 12,6g hi nc v 69,44 lt kh nit. Gi thit khng kh ch gm nit v oxi, trong nit chim 80% th tch (cc V o ktc). Gi tr m v tn gi ca amin l A. 9, etylamin. B. 7, imetylamin. C. 8, etylamin. D. 9, etylamin hoc imetylamin. Cu 3.52 Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n cht X, ngi ta thu c 10,125g H2O, 8,4 lt kh CO2 v 1,4 lt N2 (cc V o ktc). X c cng thc phn t l


49

A. C4H11N. B. C2H7N. C. C3H9N. D. C5H13N. Cu 3.53 Cho 20g hn hp gm 3 amin no, n chc l ng ng lin tip ca nhau, tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, c cn dung dch thu c 31,68g hn hp mui. Nu 3 amin trn c trn theo t l s mol 1:10:5 v th t phn t khi tng dn th cng thc phn t ca 3 amin l A. C2H7N, C3H9N, C4H11N. B. C3H9N, C4H11N, C5H13N. C. C3H7N, C4H9N, C5H11N. D. CH3N, C2H7N, C3H9N. Cu 3.54 Dung dch X cha HCl v H2SO4 c pH = 2. trung ho hon ton 0,59g hn hp 2 amin no, n chc, bc I (c s nguyn t C nh hn hoc bng 4) phi dng mt lt dung dch X. Cng thc phn t ca hai amin ln lt l A. CH3NH2 v C4H9NH2. B. C3H7NH2 v C4H9NH2. C. C2H5NH2 v C4H9NH2. D. A v C ng. Cu 3.55 Khi t chy mi ng ng ca ankylamin, th t l th tch X = VCO2 : VH2O bin i nh th no theo s lng nguyn t cacbon tng dn trong phn t ? A. 0,4 X < 1,2. C. 0,4 X < 1. B. 0,8 X < 2,5. D. 0,75 < X 1.

Cu 3.56 t chy hon ton mt amin thm X thu c 3,08g CO 2, 0,99g H2O v 336ml N2 (ktc). trung ho 0,1 mol X cn 600ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. Bit X l amin bc I, cng thc cu to thu gn c th c ca X l A. CH3C6H2(NH2)3. C. H2NCH2C6H3(NH2)2. B. CH3NHC6H3(NH2)2. D. c A, C u ng.

Cu 3.57 Cc cht A, B, C c cng cng thc phn t C4H9O2N. Bit A tc dng vi c HCl v Na2O; B tc dng vi H mi sinh to ra B; B tc dng vi HCl to ra B; B tc dng vi NaOH to ra B; C tc dng vi NaOH to ra mui v NH3. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca A, B, C ln lt l A. C4H9NO2, H2NC3H6COOH, C3H5COONH4. B. H2NC3H6COOH, C3H5COONH4, C4H9NO2. C. C3H5COONH4, H2NC3H6COOH, C4H9NO2. D. H2NC3H6COOH, C4H9NO2, C3H5COONH4.

50


Cu 3.58 Mt hp cht hu c A mch thng c cng thc phn t l C 3H10O2N2. A tc dng vi kim to thnh NH3. Mt khc, A tc dng vi dung dch axit to thnh mui amin bc I. Cng thc cu to ca A l A. H2NCH2CH2COONH4. C. A v B u ng. B. CH3CH(NH2)COONH4. D. A v B u sai.

Cu 3.59 Nhng t hay cm t thch hp vi nhng ch trng cc cu trong on vn sau l Amin l nhng hp cht hu c c to thnh (1)mt hay nhiu (2) trong phn t amoniac bi (3). Amino axit l loi hp cht hu c ...(4)m phn t cha (5). V c nhm (6) v nhm (7) trong phn t, amino axit biu hin tnh cht (8)v tnh cht c bit l phn ng (9) (1)A. khi thay th khi thay th khi thay th nguy n t hir o

(2)nguyn t hiro cacboxyl

(3)mt hay nhiu gc hirocacbon mt hay nhiu gc hirocacbon mt hay nhiu gc hirocacbon mt hay nhiu gc hirocacbon

(4)lung tnh tp chc tp chc tp chc

(5)ng thi nhm cacboxyl v nhm amino ng thi nhm cacboxyl v nhm amino ng thi nhm cacboxyl v nhm amino ng thi nhm cacboxyl v nhm amino

(6)tp chc

(7)cacboxyl

(8)amino

(9)trng ngng trng ngng trng ngng trng ngng

B.

amino

nguyn t hiro

lung tnh lung tnh lung tnh

C.

nguyn t hiro khi thay th

amino

cacboxyl

D.

amino

cacboxyl

Cu 3.60 Amino axit X cha mt nhm chc amin bc I trong phn t. t chy hon ton mt lng X thu c CO2 v N2 theo t l th tch 4:1. X l hp cht no sau y? A. H2NCH2COOH. B. H2NCH2CH2COOH. C. H2NCH(NH2)COOH. D. tt c u sai. Cu 3.61 Khi t chy hon ton ng ng X ca axit aminoaxetic, thu c VCO2 : VH 2O = 6 : 7 . Cng thc cu to thu gn c th c ca X l A. CH3CH(NH2)COOH, H2NCH2CH2COOH, CH3NHCH2COOH. B. H2N[CH2]3COOH, CH3CH(NH2)CH2COOH, CH3NH[CH2]2COOH. C. H2N[CH2]4COOH, H2NCH(NH2)[CH2]2COOH, CH3NH[CH2]3COOH. D. kt qu khc. Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 51

Cu 3.62 Hp cht X cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, N v c phn t khi l 89. Khi t chy 1 mol X thu c hi nc, 3 mol CO 2 v 0,5 mol N2. Bit rng, X va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl va tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH, ngoi ra cn tc dng c vi nc brom. X l hp cht no sau y? A. H2N-CH=CH-COOH. B. CH2=C(NH2)-COOH. C. CH2=CH-COONH4. D. c A, B, C u sai. Cu 3.63 Hp cht hu c X c phn t khi nh hn phn t khi ca benzen, ch cha nguyn t C, H, O, N trong hiro chim 9,09%, nit chim 18,18%. t chy 7,7g cht X, thu c 4,928 lt kh CO2 (o 27,3oC, 1atm). Bit X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch HCl. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. H2NCH2COOH. B. CH3COONH4 hoc HCOONH3CH3. C. C2H5COONH4 hoc HCOONH3CH3. D. c A, B, C u sai. Cu 3.64 Cho a g hn hp hai amino axit A, B u no, mch h, khng phn nhnh , cha 1 chc axit, 1 chc amino tc dng vi 40,15g dung dch HCl 20% c dung dch A. tc dng ht vi cc cht trong dung dch A, cn 140ml dung dch KOH 3M. Mt khc, t chy a g hn hp hai amino axit trn v cho sn phm chy qua dung dch NaOH d, th thy khi lng bnh ny tng thm 32,8g. Bit rng, khi t chy thu c kh nit dng n cht. Cho t l phn t khi ca chng l 1,37. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca hai amino axit ln lt l A. H2N[CH2]3COOH, H2NCH2COOH. B. H2NCH2COOH, H2N[CH2]3COOH. C. H2N[CH2]4COOH, H2NCH2COOH. D. c A, B u ng. Cu 3.65 A l mt amino axit trong phn t ngoi cc nhm cacboxyl v amino khng c nhm chc no khc. Bit 0,1 mol A phn ng va ht vi 100ml dung dch HCl 1M to ra 18,35g mui. Mt khc, 22,05g A khi tc dng vi mt lng NaOH d, to ra 28,65g mui khan. Bit A c cu to mch khng phn nhnh v nhm amino v tr . Cng thc cu to thu gn ca A l A. HOOCCH(NH2)COOH. B. HOOCCH2CH(NH2)COOH. C. HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH. D. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH. Cu 3.66 X l mt -amino axit no ch cha mt nhm NH2 v mt nhm COOH. Cho 15,1g X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 18,75g mui ca X. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH3CH(NH2)COOH. B. H2NCH2CH2COOH.

52


C. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH. D. kt qu khc. Cu 3.67 Chn pht biu sai: A. Thu phn protein bng axit khi un nng s cho mt hn hp cc amino axit. B. Phn t khi ca mt amino axit (gm mt chc amino v mt chc cacboxyl) lun lun l s l. C. Cc amino axit u tan trong nc. D. Dung dch amino axit khng lm giy qu i mu. Cu 3.68 Hy in nhng t hoc cm t thch hp vo cc ch trng cc cu sau - Protein c trong - Cc protein u cha cc nguyn t - nhit thng di tc dng ca men, protein to ra cc amino axit. - Mt s protein b khi un nng hoc khi cho thm mt s ho cht. (1) mi b phn ca c th; (2) b thu phn; (3) cacbon, hiro, oxi, nit; (4) ng t Nhng t hoc cm t thch hp theo trnh t t trn xung l A. (1), (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (3), (2), (4). C. (1), (4), (3), (2). D. (4), (2), (3), (1). Cu 3.69 Cu khng nh no sau y lun ng: A. Phn t khi ca mt amin n chc lun l s chn. B. Amin lun lun phn ng vi H+. C. Mi amin n chc u cha mt s l s nguyn t H trong phn t. D. B v C u ng. Cu 3.70 Cho cc cht: (1) amoniac; (2) anilin; (3) p-nitroanilin; (4) pnitrotoluen; (5) metylamin; (6) imetylamin. Trnh t tnh baz tng dn theo chiu t tri sang phi l A. (1) < (4) < (3) < (2) < (5) < (6). B. (2) < (1) < (3) < (4) < (5) < (6). C. (4) < (3) < (2) < (1) < (5) < (6). D. (1) < (2) < (4) < (3) < (5) < (6). Cu 3.71 t chy hon ton 0,02 mol mt amin bc I (X) vi lng oxi va , thu ton b sn phm qua bnh cha nc vi trong d, thy khi lng bnh ng nc vi trong tng 3,2g v cn li 0,448 lt (ktc) mt kh khng b hp th, khi lc dung dch thu c 4,0g kt ta. X c cng thc cu to no sau y? A. CH3CH2NH2. B. H2NCH2CH2NH2. C. CH3CH(NH2)2. D. B, C u ng. Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 53

Cu 3.72 Amino axit (Y) c cng thc dng NCxHy(COOH)m. Ly mt lng axit aminoaxetic (X) v 3,82g (Y). Hai cht (X) v (Y) c cng s mol. t chy hon ton lng (X) v (Y) trn, th tch kh oxi cn dng t chy ht (Y) nhiu hn t chy ht (X) l 1,344 lt (ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca (Y) l A. CH3NHCH2COOH. B. H2NCH2CH2COOH. C. N(CH2COOH)3. D. NC4H8(COOH)2. Cu 3.73 Hp cht X cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, N vi t l khi lng tng ng l 3:1:4:7. Bit phn t X c 2 nguyn t nit. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. CH4ON2. B. C3H8ON2. C. C3H8O2N2. D. kt qu khc. P N V HNG DN GII CHNG III 3.1 C 3.11 C 3.21 B 3.31 C 3.41 A 3.51 D 3.61 A 3.71 D 3.2 D 3.12 B 3.22 B 3.32 D 3.42 C 3.52 C 3.62 C 3.72 C 3.3 C 3.13 A 3.23 A 3.33 A 3.43 C 3.53 A 3.63 B 3.73 A 3.4 B 3.14 B 3.24 B 3.34 B 3.44 D 3.54 D 3.64 D 3.5 D 3.15 A 3.25 B 3.35 B 3.45 A 5.55 C 3.65 C 3.6 B 3.16 A 3.26 D 3.36 A 3.46 A 3.56 D 3.66 D 3.7 D 3.17 A 3.27 B 3.37 D 3.47 A 3.57 D 3.67 D 3.8 C 3.18 A 3.28 D 3.38 C 3.48 B 3.58 C 3.68 B 3.9 C 3.19 A 3.29 C 3.39 B 3.49 A 3.59 C 3.69 D 3.10 C 3.20 A 3.30 D 3.40 B 3.50 B 3.60 A 3.70 C

CHNG IV. POLIME A- MT S VN L THUYT CN NM VNG 1. Khi nim v polime Polime l cc hp cht c phn t khi rt ln do nhiu n v nh gi l mt xch lin kt vi nhau to nn. - S mt xch (n) trong phn t polime c gi l h s polime ho hay polime ho.

54


- Theo ngun gc, ta phn bit polime thin nhin, polime tng hp, polime nhn to (bn tng hp). - Theo phn ng polime ho, ta phn bit polime trng hp v polime trng ngng. Phn ng Trng hp Mc so snh L qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh ging nhau hoc tng t nhau (monome) thnh phn t ln (polime) L qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh thnh phn t ln (polime), ng thi gii phng nhng phn t nh (nh H2O,) n Monome Polime n Monome Polime+ nH2O Polime trng hp Polime trng ngng n.M = M.n n.M = M.n + n.18 C hai nhm chc c C lin kt i hoc vng kh nng phn ng tr khng bn ln Trng ngng

nh ngha

Qu trnh Sn phm Khi lung iu kin ca monome 2. Cu trc

- Phn t polime c th tn ti dng mch khng phn nhnh, dng mch phn nhnh v dng mch khng gian. - Phn t polime c th c cu to iu ho (nu cc mt xch ni vi nhau theo mt trt t xc nh) v khng iu ho (nu cc mt xch ni vi nhau khng theo mt trt t no c). 3. Tnh cht a) Tnh cht vt l Hu ht polime l cht rn, khng bay hi, khng c nhit nng chy xc nh, mt s tan trong cc dung mi hu c. a s polime c tnh do; mt s polime c tnh n hi, mt s c tnh dai, bn, c th ko thnh si. b) Tnh cht ho hc: c 3 loi phn ng - Phn ng ct mch polime: Polime b gii trng nhit thch hp. Polime c nhm chc trong mch nh CO-NH, -COOCH2- d b thu phn khi c mt axit hay baz. Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 55

- Phn ng gi nguyn mch polime: Phn ng cng vo lin kt i hoc thay th cc nhm chc ngoi mch. Th d:t CH2 CH n + nCH3COONa CH CH2 n + nNaOH OCOCH3 OH - Phn ng khu mch polime: Phn ng to cu ni gia cc mch (cu -S-Shay -CH2-) thnh polime mng khng gian hoc phn ng ko di thm mch polime. 4. Khi nim v cc vt liu polime - Cht do: vt liu polime c tnh do. - T: vt liu polime hnh si, di v mnh. - Cao su: vt liu c tnh n hi. - Keo dn hu c: vt liu polime c kh nng kt ni chc chn hai mnh vt liu khc. - Vt liu compozit: vt liu t hp gm polime lm nha nn v cc vt liu v c, hu c khc.o

B - MT S PHN NG HO HC THNG GP 1. Nha a) Nha PEnCH2 CH2xt, to, p

CH2

etilen b) Nha PVC nCH2 CH Cl vinyl clorua c) Nha PS nCH C6H5 CH2xt, to, p xt, to, p

CH2 n polietilen(PE)

CH2 CH n Cl poli(vinyl clorua) (PVC)

CH CH2 n C6H5

d) Nha PVA

56


nCH2

CH OCOCH3

xt, to, p

CH

CH2 n OCOCH3

Thu phn PVA trong mi trng kim: CH CH2 n + nNaOH OCOCH3to

CH2 CH n + nCH3COONa OH CH3 CH CH2 n COOCH3 poli(metyl metacrylat) (PMM)

e) Nha PMM (thu tinh hu c - plexiglas) nCH2 CH COOCH3xt, to, p

CH3 metyl metacrylat

f) Nha PPF Poli(phenol - fomanehit) (PPF) c 3 dng: nha novolac, nha rezol, nha rezit. Nha novolac: Nu d phenol v xc tc axit.OH OH H+, to CH2

n

+ nHCHO

n

+ nH2O

Nha rezol: Nu d fomanehit v xc tc baz.OH

...

CH2

CH2 CH2OH

CH2 CH2

OH

...

Nha rezit (nha bakelt): Nha rezol nng chy (150oC) v ngui thu c nha c cu trc mng li khng gian.


57

CH2 OH OH CH2 OH CH2 OH CH2 CH2 OH CH2 CH2 OH CH2 CH2 CH2

...

...

H2C

...

...

H2C

...

...

2. Cao su a) Cao su bunaNa,t nCH2=CH CH=CH2 0

(

CH 2 CH = CH CH 2

)n

buta-1,3-ien (butaien) b) Cao su isopren C CH CH2 CH3 2-metylbuta-1,3-dien (isopren) c) Cao su buna SnCH2 CH CH CH2 + nCH C6 H 5

polibutaien (cao su buna)

nCH2

xt, to, p

C CH CH2 n CH3 poliisopren (cao su isopren)

CH2

o CH2 t , p, xt

CH2 CH

CH

CH2

CH C6 H 5

CH2 n

d) Cao su buna NnCH2 CH CH CH2 + nCH CNo CH2 t , p, xt

CH2

CH

CH

CH2

CH CN

CH2

n

e) Cao su cloprennCH2 CH C Cl CH2to, p, xt

CH2

CH

C Cl

CH2 n

58


f) Cao su floprennCH2 C F CH CH2xt, to, p

CH2

C F

CH

CH2 n

3. T a) T capron (nilon 6) nH2N[CH2]5COOHn CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2xt, to, p

NH[CH2]5CO n + nH2Oxt, to, p

CH2 C=O NHxt, to, p

NH[CH2]5CO n

b) T enang (nilon 7) nH2N[CH2]6COOH c) T nilon 6,6)nNH2[CH2]6NH2 + nHOOC[CH2]4COOHxt, to, p

HN[CH2]6CO n + nH2O

NH[CH2]6NHCO[CH2]4CO n + 2nH2O

d) T clorinCH2 CH CH2 Cl CH Cl n2

+

n2

Cl2

xt, to, p

CH2 CH CH CH Clxt, to, p

n2

n + HCl2

Cl

Cl

e) T dacron (lapsan)nHOOC C6H4 COOH + nHO CH2 CH2 axit terephtalic etylen glicol CO OH

C6H4 CO O CH2 CH2 O n + 2nH2O poli(etylen terephtalat) (lapsan)

C- BI TP TRC NGHIM I BI TP C BN Cu 4.1 Hp cht u v cc hp cht trung gian trong qu trnh iu ch ra cao su buna (1) l: etilen (2), metan (3), ru etylic (4), ivinyl (5), axetilen (6). Hy sp xp cc cht theo ng th t xy ra trong qu trnh iu ch A. 3 6 2 4 5 1. B. 6 4 2 5 3 1. C. 2 6 3 4 5 1. D. 4 6 3 2 5 1. Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM 59

Cu 4.2 T nilon 6,6 c cng thc lA. C. NH[CH2]5CO n . NH[CH2]6NHCO[CH2]4CO n . B. D. NH[CH2]6CO n . NHCH(CH3)CO n .

Cu 4.3 Khng nn i (l) qu nng qun o bng nilon; len; t tm, v: A. Len, t tm, t nilon km bn vi nhit. B. Len, t tm, t nilon c cc nhm (- CO - NH -) trong phn t km bn vi nhit. C. Len, t tm, t nilon mm mi. D. Len, t tm, t nilon d chy. Cu 4.4 Nhng phn t no sau y c th tham gia phn ng trng hp ? CH2=CH2(1); CH CH(2); CH2=CHCl(3); CH3CH3(4) A. (1), (3). B. (3), (2). C. (1), (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (3). Cu 4.5 Khi H2SO4 m c ri vo qun o bng vi si bng, ch vi b en li do c sn phm to thnh l A. cacbon. B. S. C. PbS. D. H2S. Cu 4.6 Cho s sau: CH4 X Y Z cao su buna. Tn gi ca X , Y , Z trong s trn ln lt l A. Axetilen, etanol, butaien. B. Anehit axetic, etanol, butaien. C. Axetilen, vinylaxetilen, butaien. D. Etilen, vinylaxetilen, butaien. Cu 4.7 Cao su buna S c cng thc lA. CH2 C. CH2 CH CH CH2 n . CH CH CH2 CH CH2 C6H5 . B. CH2 C(COOCH3) CH3 n D. CH CH2 C6H5 n . n .

Cu 4.8 Cao su buna - S c iu ch bng : A. Phn ng trng hp. B. Phn ng ng trng hp. C. Phn ng trng ngng. D. Phn ng ng trng ngng. Cu 4.9 Thu tinh plexiglas l polime no sau y? A. Polimetyl metacrylat (PMM). B. Polivinyl axetat (PVA). C. Polimetyl acrylat (PMA). D. Tt c u sai. Cu 4.10 Tn ca polime c cng thc sau l

60


OH

CH2

n

A. nha phenol-fomanehit. B. nha bakelt. C. nha do. D. polistiren. Cu 4.11 T enang thuc loi A. t axetat. B. t poliamit. C. t polieste. D. t tm. Cu 4.12 Phn ng no sau y to ra sn phm l cao su buna S?A. nCH2 B. nCH2 C. nCH2 D. nCH2 CH CH CH CH CH CH2to, p, xt to, p, xt to, p, xt

CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2

CH CH CH

CH C Cl C

CH2 n . CH2 n . CH2 n . . m

C CH2 Cl C CH CH2 CH3

CH3 CH2 + mCH C6H5to, p, xt

CH2 CH

CH

CH2

n

CH C6H5

CH2

Cu 4.13 Phn ng no sau y to ra sn phm l cao su isopren?A. nCH2 B. nCH2 CH CH CH2 CH C CH2 Clto, p, xt to, p, xt to, p, xt

CH2 CH2 CH2

CH CH CH2 n . CH C CH2 n . Cl . CH C CH2 n CH3 CH2 CH CH CH2 n CH C6H5 CH2 . m

C. nCH2 CH C CH2 CH3 D. nCH2

o CH CH CH2 + mCH CH2 t , p, xt

C6H5

Cu 4.14 Phn ng no sau y to ra sn phm l cao su cloropren?


61

A. nCH2 B. nCH2 C. nCH2 D. nCH2

CH CH CH2 CH C Cl CH C CH2 CH2

to, p, xt to, p, xt to, p, xt

CH2 CH2 CH2

CH CH CH

CH

CH2 n .

CH3 CH CH CH2 + mCH C6H5o CH2 t , p, xt

C CH2 n . Cl . C CH2 n CH3 CH2 CH CH CH2 n CH C6H5 CH2 . m

Cu 4.15 Hiro ho hp cht hu c X c isopentan. X tham gia phn ng trng hp c mt loi cao su. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l . A.CH3 CH2 C CH B.CH3 C C CH2 .C.CH2 C CH CH2 . D.CH2 CH3 CH CH CH2 .

CH3 Cu 4.16 iu ch nilon - 6,6 ngi ta dng axit no trng ngng vi hexametylen iamin ? A. axit axetic. B. axit oxalic. C. axit stearic. D. axit aipic. Cu 4.17 Phn ng no sau y to ra sn phm l cao su buna N?A. nCH2 B. nCH2 CH C CH2 CH3 CH C Cl C. nCH2 CH D. nCH2 CH CH CH CH2 + nCH CN CH2 + mCH C6H5 CH2to, p, xto CH2 t , p, xt

to, p, xt

CH2 CH CH2 CH

C

CH2

CH2

to, p, xt

CH3

n

.

C CH2 n . Cl CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH CN CH CH CH2 n CH C6H5 CH2 . m CH2 n .

Cu 4.18 Tn ca monome to ra polime c cng thc CH3C CH2 n COOH

l A. axit acrylic. B. metyl acrylat. C. axit metacrylic. D. metyl metacrylat. Cu 4.19 Sn phm ca phn ng trng hp metyl metacrylat c gi l 62 Ti liu n thi i hc H KHTN.TPHCM

A. nha bakelt. B. nha PVC. C. cht do. D. thu tinh hu c. Cu 4.20 T capron c iu ch t monome no sau y ? A. axit metacrylic. B. caprolactam. C. phenol. D. axit caproic. Cu 4.21 T enang c iu ch bng cch A. trng hp axit acrylic. B. trng ngng alanin. C. trng ngng H2N-(CH2)6-COOH. D. trng ngng HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH. Cu 4.22 Nha PS c iu ch t monome no sau y? A. axit metacrylic. B. caprolactam. C. phenol. D. stiren. Cu 4.23 Cht c kh nng trng hp thnh cao su l B. CH3 C C CH2. A.CH2 C CH CH2. CH3 CH3 D.CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH3. C.CH3 CH2 C CH. Cu 4.24 T monome no sau y c th iu ch c poli(vinyl ancol) ? A.CH2 CH COOCH3. B.CH2 CH OCOCH3.C.CH2 CH COOC2H5. D.CH2 CH CH2 OH.

Cu 4.25 T poliamit l nhng polime tng hp c cha nhiu nhm A. CONH trong phn t. B. CO trong phn t. C. NH trong phn t. D. CH(CN) trong phn t. Cu 4.26 Mt polime Y c cu to mch nh sau: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH Cng thc mt mt xch ca polime Y l A. 2 2 2 CH CH CH . B. 2 2 2 2 CH CH CH CH . C. 2 CH . D. 2 2 CH CH .

II BI TP NNG CAO Cu 4.27 Tin hnh clo ho poli(vinyl clorua) thu c mt loi polime X dng iu ch t clorin. Trong X c cha 66,18% clo theo khi lng. Vy, trung bnh c bao nhiu mt xch PVC phn ng c vi mt phn t clo ? B. 2. 63

A. 1.


C. 3.A. C.

D. 4. Cu 4.28 T capron (nilon 6) c cng thc lNH[CH2]5CO n . NH[CH2]6NHCO[CH2]4CO n . B. D. NH[CH2]6CO n . NHCH(CH3)CO n .

Cu 4.29 Tin hnh phn ng ng trng hp gia stiren v buta 1,3 ien (butaien), thu c polime X. C 2,834 gam X phn ng va ht vi 1,731 gam Br2. T l s mt xch (butaien : stiren) trong loi polime trn l A. 1 : 1. B. 1 : 2. C. 2 : 3. D. 1 : 3. Cu 4.30 Chn cu pht biu sai: A. Cc vt liu polime thng l cht rn khng bay hi. B. Hu ht cc polime khng tan trong nc v cc dung mi thng thng. C. Polime l nhng cht c phn t khi rt ln do nhiu mt xch lin kt vi nhau. D. Polietilen v poli(vinyl clorua) l loi polime thin nhin, cn tinh bt v xenluloz l loi polime tng hp. Cu 4.31 Cho s phn ng sau: xt , t o , p H 2O X Y polime. X c cng thc phn t C8H10O khng tc dng vi NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X, Y ln lt l: A. C6H5CH(CH3)OH, C6H5COCH3.B. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH2CHO. C. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH=CH2. D. CH3-C6H4CH2OH , C6H5CH=CH2. Cu 4.32 H s trng hp (s mt xch) ca t nilon 6,6 c phn t khi (M = 2500) l A. 10. B. 11. C. 12. D. 13. Cu 4.33 iu ch nha phenol-fomanehit (1), cc cht u v cht trung gian trong qu trnh iu ch l: metan (2), benzen (3), anehit fomic (4), phenol (5), benzyl clorua (6), natri phenolat (7), axetilen (8), etilen (9), phenyl clorua (10). Chn cc cht thch hp cho s l

64


A. (1), (2), (8), (9), (3), (5), (6). B. (1), (2), (8), (4), (3), (10), (7), (5). C. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7). D. (1), (3), (5), (7), (9), (6), (2), (4). Cu 4.34 un nng poli (vinyl axetat) vi kim iu kin thch hp ta thu c sn phm trong c A. ancol vinylic. B. ancol etylic. C. poli(vinyl ancol). D. axeton. Cu 4.35 Cho cc polime : PE, PVC, cao su buna, amiloz, amilopectin, xenluloz, cao su lu ho. Polime c dng cu trc mch khng phn nhnh l A. PE, PVC, cao su lu ho, amiloz, xenluloz. B. PE, PVC, cao su buna, amilopectin, xenluloz. C. PE, PVC, cao su buna , amiloz , amilopectin. D. PE, PVC,cao su buna, amiloz, xenluloz. 5% 5 Cu 4.36 Cht do PVC c iu ch theo s sau: CH4 H = 1 A H = 9% B H = 9 PVC. Bit CH4 chim 95% th tch kh thin nhin, vy iu ch mt 0% tn PVC th s m3 kh thin nhin (ktc) cn l A. 5883 m3. B. 4576 m3. C. 6235 m3. D.

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On thi hoa hoc lop 12.10131