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Optimization of Power Supply Systems with Large-Scale Solar and Wind Energy in Zambia
ザンビアにおける大規模太陽エネルギーと風力エネルギーを用いた電力供給システムの最適化
○ Biness LUKWESA*1, Yutaka TABE*1, and Takemi CHIKAHISA*1
*1 Division of Energy and Environmental System, Hokkaido University
▪ Power storage systems are cost-effective auxiliary equipment necessary forthe effective deployment of large-scale Solar PV and Wind power;
▪ Pumped hydropower storage is more effective than battery storage due to ahigher efficiency and higher energy to power ratio;
▪ Power storage effective in mitigating the effect of reduced hydropowergeneration during a dry year;
Discussion and Conclusion
J05317P
ResultsObjective
Analytical Model
北海道大学工学院、エネルギー環境システム部門、エネルギー変換システム研究室 日本機械学会2019年度年次大会、2019年9月8日(日)~11日(水)、秋田大学手形キャンパス
Power Generation Cost
Power Capacity
Power generation
Cost minimization
Model
Constraints• CO2 emission reduction rate
• Charge and discharge rate• Output of hydro power
Hourly Time-series data▪ Electricity demand▪ Output (Wind and Solar
power)
Parameters▪ Thermal efficiency▪ Cycle efficiency and hourly
self-loss of storages▪ Life time
Costs▪ Construction cost▪ Maintenance cost▪ Running cost▪ Fuel cost
Simulation Cases
(B) Scenario B with Pumped hydropower storage;
▪ Power fluctuation of Solar PV and Wind;
▪ Power storage options introduced to mitigate power fluctuations;
• NaS storage batteries
• Pumped Hydropower storage
Current power generation mix only
consists of hydro, coal and fuel oil This study focuses on 2050
▪ Need for diversification of power supply options by introducing
large scale solar PV and wind to meet increasing power demand;
Item Unit Hydro Coal Biomass Geothermal Fuel Oil Solar PV Wind Battery
Capital Cost [US$/kW] 2679 2869 2500 3501 2600 2671 1970 1200
Capital Cost [US$/kWh] - - - - - - - 40
Fixed O&M [US$/kW/yr] 8.72 20.00 15.00 15.00 12.00 27.00 35.00 12
Variable O&M [US$/MWh] 6.00 14.30 20.00 5.00 15.00 20.10 17.40 2.10
Lifespan [Years] 50 35 25 25 25 25 20 15
Maximum Capacity [MW] 7000 2000 150 50 - - - -
CO2 Emission [kg/MWh] 0.013 0.850 0.270 - 0.625 - - -
Charge loss factor - - - - - - - 0.92
Self-discharge loss factor - - - - - - - 0.99
Capacity Factor 0.70, 0.55* 0.80 0.50 0.60 0.80* 0.20* 0.29* -
C-rate - - - - - - - 0.16
Key Input Parameters;
Scenario B Case A Case B Case C Case D
[Dry Year Effect] 〇 〇 〇 〇
NaS Battery Storage × 〇 × 〇
Pumped Hydro Storage × × 〇 〇
Hydropower load-following 〇 〇 〇 〇
Scenario A Case 1 Case 2 Case 3
Seasonal variation of Hydropower
[Dry Year Effect]× 〇 〇
NaS Battery Storage × × 〇
Hydropower load-following × × ×
(A) Comparison of power Capacity, generation and cost;