Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Overview of the Africa Waste Management Outlook
Prof Linda Godfrey
Launch of the UN Africa Waste Management Outlook 5 June 2018, South Africa
2 ©LindaGodfrey
Acknowledge UNEP, IETC & the Authors
Jamidu Katima (Tanzania), Arsene Yonli (Burkina Faso), Mohamed Tawfic Ahmed (Egypt), Oladele Osibanjo (Nigeria), Abdouraman Bary (UNEP Kenya), Ulf Henning Richter (China), Kidane Giday Gebremedhin (Ethiopia), Linda Godfrey (South Africa), Suzan Oelofse (South Africa)
3
Overview of the Africa WMO
• Chapter 1: Waste management as a priority
• Chapter 2: Background, definitions, concepts and indicators
• Chapter 3: State of solid waste management
• Chapter 4: Waste governance
• Chapter 5: Impacts of waste in Africa
• Chapter 6: Waste as resource
• Chapter 7: Appropriate solutions for Africa
• Chapter 8: Financing waste management
• Chapter 9: Conclusions and the way forward
© CSIR 2018 www.csir.co.za
4
Chapter 1: Waste as a priority
• Africa is set to undergo a major transformation over the next century as its population explodes, cities urbanize and consumer purchasing habits change
• This is expected to lead to exponential growth in waste generation
• This growth is expected to be so significant that any decrease in waste generation in other regions globally will be overshadowed by Africa
© CSIR 2018 www.csir.co.za
5
Chapter 3: State of waste management
• Key issues emerging: – Composition of waste – Waste collection coverage – Predominant methods of waste
management – Level of recycling – Transboundary movement of
hazardous waste
© CSIR 2018 www.csir.co.za
6 SouthAfrica©LindaGodfrey
On average, 57% of MSW in Africa is biodegradable organic waste, the bulk of which is dumped
7Kenya©CostasVelis
With an average waste collection rate of only 55%, MSW collection services in most African countries are inadequate
8SouthAfrica©LindaGodfrey
90% of the waste generated in Africa is disposed of to land, typically to uncontrolled and controlled dumpsites
9 © CSIR 2017 www.csir.co.za
Only 4% of the waste generated in Africa is recycled, often by informal actors (as with reuse)
©LindaGodfrey
10
Chapter 4: Waste governance
• Key issues emerging: – Inability of governments and
private industry to keep pace with growing waste streams and the timely development of policies and strategies
– The response from many African countries has been product bans, e.g. plastics
– Slow adoption of alternative policy instruments such as incentives and EPR
© CSIR 2018 www.csir.co.za
11
Chapter 5: Impacts of waste
• Key issues emerging: – Current waste management
practices are causing significant social, economic and environmental impacts
– However, little information on the cost of inaction exists for Africa
© CSIR 2018 www.csir.co.za
12 © CSIR 2017 www.csir.co.za Ghana,Accra©ChristofferBackVestli
Changing consumption patterns and weak collection systems results in leakage of waste into the environment
13 © CSIR 2017 www.csir.co.za Kenya©JamesWakibia
Indiscriminate dumping of waste in urban areas creates risks of disease, flooding and environmental pollution
14 ©LindaGodfrey
The open burning of waste causes significant air pollution which impacts human health
15 © CSIR 2017 www.csir.co.za
Africa has become a dumping ground for waste, particularly hazardous waste, often from developed countries
16Ethiopia, Koshe landfill in Addis Ababa
More than 130 people have died in landfill collapses in Africa in the past year, ⅔ of whom were women
17
Chapter 6: Waste as resource
• Key issues emerging: – Diverting waste away from
dumpsites towards reuse, recycling and recovery could inject an additional US$8 billion per year into the African economy
– Creating significant socio-economic opportunities
– And if done responsibly, at the same time address environmental issues
© CSIR 2018 www.csir.co.za
18 ©LindaGodfrey
Viable resources are being lost to the economy through dumping of waste – polymer, fibre, metals, nutrients
19 ©LindaGodfrey
The informal sector is active across Africa - integrating them is key to unlocking these resource opportunities
20
Chapter 7: Appropriate solutions
• Key issues emerging: – Many social and technological
innovations have emerged in the waste sector in Africa
– But uptake of alternative waste treatment technologies is slow
– A combination of small-scale, low-cost, decentralized, community-driven initiatives and larger-scale, higher-cost, centralized initiatives will be required
© CSIR 2018 www.csir.co.za
21
Examples of social and technological innovations in Africa
22
Examples of social and technological innovations in Africa
23
Chapter 8: Financing waste management
• Key issues emerging: – Poor financing is a key constraint
to development of the sector – The waste sector is perceived as
a high-risk investment in Africa – Estimated investment needs for
the sector range from US$6-42 billion (in 2015), depending on technologies implemented
– Public-private partnerships are key to unlocking opportunities
© CSIR 2018 www.csir.co.za
24
Chapter 9: Conclusions & Way forward
• Key issues emerging: – Summary of key findings
– A vision for Africa
– What needs to happen
– How this needs to happen
– Waste & the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
© CSIR 2018 www.csir.co.za
25 © CSIR 2018 www.csir.co.za
What needs to happen …
The African Union has set an aspiration that “African cities will be recycling at least 50% of the waste they generate by 2023” – Agenda 2063
The authors fully support this goal and believe that even higher rates can be achieved by focusing on
(i) the diversion of organic waste away from landfill towards composting, bioenergy recovery and higher value product recovery, followed by (ii) refurbishment, repair, reuse and recycling of
mainline recyclables such as plastic, paper, metal, glass, tyres and e-waste.
26
What & how this needs to happen …
© CSIR 2018 www.csir.co.za
27
Conclusions
• And so, now that we know, the question left facing us is – What do we do?
• Because it cannot be business as usual moving forward
© CSIR 2018 www.csir.co.za
28
Questions
Thank you
Prof Linda Godfrey Manager | Waste RDI Roadmap Implementation Unit | DST Principal Scientist | Waste for Development | CSIR Extraordinary Associate Professor | North-West University Email: [email protected] Web: www.csir.co.za and www.wasteroadmap.co.za
©CSIR2018www.csir.co.za
