2. CONTENTS: PACKAGING FUNCTIONS OF PACKAGING TYPES OF
PACKAGING COMPONENTS OF PACKAGING AEROSOL PACKAGING CONTAINER &
CLOSURES PACKAGE TESTING REFERENCES2 4/5/2011
3. PACKAGING Packaging has been defined as the means
economically providing :- Presentation Identification Protection
Convenience Containment during storage3 4/5/2011
5. 1. SOLID PRODUCTS: Solid dosages form such as tablets and
capsules are by far the most commonly used today. Traditionally
they have been packed in bottles, originally made from glass but
latterly fromvarious plastics. The walls of the container are
usually amber or completely opaque to minimize thepossibility of
photo degradation. Powder or granules have a variety of role when
used as a final dosage form. They usually packed as single dosages
in flexible sachets.5 4/5/2011
6. 2. SEMI-SOLID PRODUCT The relevant characteristics of these
products for packaging purpose are that they are often too viscous
to flow but contain a sufficient amount of water to be classified
as wet products. Semi solid product include creams, emulsions, gels
or ointments. Flexible tubes are frequently used to contain semi
solids. These can be made from aluminium or plastic such as
polyethylene.6 4/5/2011
7. 3. LIQUID PRODUCTSTraditionally glass has been the material
of choice for the packaging of liquid but avariety of plastics is
now widely used providing they have little or no permeability tothe
liquid7 4/5/2011
8. UNIT PACKS: Unit packs in which individual dosage are
separated from each other are popular for many type of dosage
form.8 4/5/2011
9. CHILD RESISTANCE PACKAGING: Child resistance container work
on one of two principle- Certain degree of strength will be needed
to open the product. High degree of manual coordination is
required9 4/5/2011
10. TAMPER RESISTANCE PACKAGING: Tamper resistance can be
conferred on a pack by using a roll on closure which has a
perforated collar Which grips on to a lip on the bottle neck &
these perforation must be broken before the cap can be unscrewed.10
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11. COMPONENTS OF PACKAGING: I. GLASS II. METALS III. RUBBERS
IV. PLASTICS V. FIBROUS MATERIALS VI. FOIL, FILMS &LAMINATES11
4/5/2011
12. I. GLASS: Glass is composed of sand, soda ash,
limestone,& cullet. Si, Al, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn & Ba are
generally used into preparation of glass ADVANTAGE: They are
transparent. They have good protection power. They can be easily
labelled. DISADVANTAGE: Glass is fragile so easily broken. Release
alkali to aqueous prerparation.12 4/5/2011
13. TYPE OF GLASS: I. COLOURED GLASS OR AMBER GLASS II.
SULPHURED GLASS III. BOROSILICATE GLASS IV. TREATED SODALIME GLASS
V. REGULAR SODALIME GLASS VI. GENERAL PURPOSE SODALIME GLASS13
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14. PLASTICS: These are synthetic polymers of high molecular
weight. These containers are made from following polymers : a)
POLYETHYLENE b) POLYVINYL CHLORIDE c) POLYSTYRENE d) NYLON e)
POLYCARBONATE14 4/5/2011
15. METALS: The thickest aluminium is used for rigid
containers. Eg. Aerosol cans Intermediate thickness is steel
important but the pack should be capable of being deformed under a
reasonable force. Eg. Collapsible tube for semisolid preparations.
Thinnest aluminium is used in flexible foils.15 4/5/2011
16. RUBBERS: Rubbers are excellent material for forming seals
so they are used almost exclusively to form closures such as bungs
for vials or in similar application such as gasket in aerosol can
These are consist of Two types: a) NATURAL b) SYNTHETIC16
4/5/2011
17. FIBROUS MATERIALS: Paper & board are used in various
form for packaging of pharmaceutical products. They are used for
preparing outer container such as cartons, boxes, envelopes.17
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18. FOIL, FILMS & LAMINATES FOILS: The most important metal
for this application is aluminium. FILMS Cellophane is an
attractive transparent film which can be colored and printed upon
so it useful as outer wrap. LAMINATES Laminates are used to combine
the properties of individual foil and films and strictly are made
by bonding the layer with adhesive.18 4/5/2011
19. AEROSOL PACKGING Aerosol may be defined as disperse phase
system in which very fine solid particles or liquid droplets get
dispersed in the gas which act as continuous phase.
ADVANTAGE:Absence of air prevents oxidation of the productThe
application of medicaments is easier DISADVANTAGE: Aerosols are
costly preparation Some of the propellants are very toxic19
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20. PARTS OF AEROSOL CONTAINER I. CONTAINER II. VALVE III.
ACTUATOR IV. DIP TUBE20 4/5/2011
21. 21 4/5/2011
22. CONTAINER AND CLOSURE CONTAINER: Pharmaceutical containers
has been defined as a device that holds the drugs or it may or may
not be indirect contact with the pharmaceutical preparation. TYPES
OF CONTAINERS I. WELL CLOSED CONTAINER II. SINGLE DOSE CONTAINER
III. MULTI DOSE CONTAINER IV. LIGHT RESISTANCE CONTAINER V. AIR
TIGHT CONTAINER VI. AEROSOL CONTAINER22 4/5/2011
23. CLOSURE: An effective closure must prevent the contents
from escaping & allow no substance to the container. TYPE OF
CLOSURE: A. PLUG TYPE B. CROWN TYPE C. PUSH FIT TYPE D. SCREW
TYPE23 4/5/2011
24. 24 4/5/2011
25. COMMON TYPE OF PACKAGING 1) BLISTER PACKAGING 2) STRIP
PACKAGING 3) BUBBLE PACKAGING25 4/5/2011
26. 26 4/5/2011
27. REFERENCES:I. Aulton Michael E., Aultons Pharmaceutics The
Design and Manufacture of Medicines, Edited by Churchill
Livingstone Elsevier limited, 3rd edition,2007,pp 626-639.II.
Lachman leon, Lieberman Herbert A., Kanig Joseph L., The theory
& practice of industrial pharmacy published by Varghese
publishing house, bombay, 3rd edition,1991,pp 711-732.III. Cooper
and Gunns, Tutorial pharmacy, edited by S.J.Carter,Publishing by
CBS publisher &distributors, Delhi, 6th edition, 2005,pp
131-141.IV. Mehta R.M., Pharmaceutics- 1Published by vallabh
prakashan, delhi, 2nd edition, pp 73-93.V.
http://www.ipapharma.org/events/Stability/JBhat.pdf (15/11/09)27
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