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7/22/2019 PC Assembling and Logical Circuits
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Arab British Academy for Higher Education.
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PC Assembling and Logical Circuits
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Arab British Academy for Higher Education.
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: AND OR NOT NAND OR)( NOR)( :
:
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:
.
"" .
AND OR NOT )INVERTER.(
. .
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. .
))1))HIGH ))LOW
)0( )1( )TRUE( )0( )FALSE.( )Positive Logic( )Negative Logic.(
))1 )0( ))0
.)1(
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AND
AND )Logical Multiplication( AND )Logic Functions.( )A,B(
)Two Binary Variables( )0( )Open( )1(
).)Closed
""L )1( )ON( )0( )OFF.(
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)L( ).)Truth Table BAL ONON ONOFF OFFON OFFOFF
:AND))Standard
A, B YAND. .AND ,A))1))bitsB)1( AND ).)1))1
)( :
N = 2n
nN.
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8 . :AND
Y = A B :Y A AND B)AND( :Y = AB
.A AND BY )Pulses( .
AND .
A , B )1( Y1t )1( YB))0A2t )0( . .
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OROR .
))Logical Addition . AND A , B )0( )Open( )1().)Closed
:BALONON ONOFF OFFON OFFOFF
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)1( )1( )0( :.))0
YAB
111110
101
000
:ORY = A + B
.)OR(+A OR BY: OR AND .
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))1A , B t1 Y )1.( .
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NOT)INVERTER( NOT )Inversion( ))1
).)1))0))0 NOT ..
. YA
1001
:Y :Y not A Abar .A bar AY
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NAND AND
)NAND( )NOT AND( AND .
AND .
YAB
100110
101
011
.NAND )0( ))1 ))1 ))0 AND. NAND
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NOT,OR,AND :NAND
ABY
NAND NAND)0( ).)1
A , B )1( t1Y )0.( t2 A )0( B )1(
.))1Y
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OR)( OR ) (
XOR-gate. XOR .
XOR
YAB
000110
101
011A-B))1))Y )1( )0( )0( .
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XOR OR 1=B=A XOR )1(
))1))1 :
BABAY
:BAY
XORBA NOTORAND .XOR
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XOR .
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NOR)(XNORNOR .. XNOR
.XOR
XNOR
YAB
100010
001
111
)Y( )1( A-B A = B = 0A = B = 1 )0( . )0( )1(
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)0( :.
BAABY
:BAY
XNOR NOTORAND .XNOR
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XNOR .
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)Boolean Algebra( )Boolean Expression( . .
)1:(A + 0 = A OR )0( A )1()0.( A=1 )1(
))0A=0.A A. ).)A+0=A))0OR
)2:(A + 1 = 1A))1OR )1(
).)0 )1( OR )1(. OR
).)1) (A + 1 = 1)1()3:(A 0 = 0
AND )0( A )0( . )0) (A))0AND 0 = 0.(
)4:(A 1 = A
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AND )1( A )A( A = 0 AND )0( A = 1 AND )1(
).1( AND )1( )A 1 = A.(
)5:(A +A = A AOR + 1A = 10 + 0 = 0A = 0.1 = 1.
):)61AA : A OR A ).)1 11000A = 0 .A = 110111 .
)7:(A * A = A ANDA . A = 0 0 * 0 = 0 A = 1 1 * 1 = 1 .AAND
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)8(:0AA A ANDA ))0 AA )0( .))0AND))0)9:(AA . A = 0 )1()1( )0( .):)10
:))4))2A + AB = A(1 + B)
= A(1)= A
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. :
1 ANDB,ABA.2 ANDC,ACA.3ORCA,BACABA :
CABAY
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. :)EFDC(ABY
A , B )EFDC( AND )EFDC( C , D ANDE , FAND :.ORAND
)EFDC( EF,DC
D
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.)EFDC(AB :
1 NOTD.2 ANDEF,DC.3 OR)EFDC( .4 ANDY. :
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.
YCBA
00000100
1010
0110
0001010110110111
: .1 Y = 1 Y = 1 AA = 0, B = 1, C = 0 CBA )1(
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)0( )1( .CAB
.2 Y = 1 OR :CABCBAY
CBA AND CAB ANDC,B,A .OR : NOT C,A AND CBA,
CABOR CABCBA .
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)1 or 0.( )4=22(
.))8=23 )1( )Y( ))0 .
:
ABCCABCBACBAY
A, B, C :111ABC,110CAB,010CBA,000CBA
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Y1 :.Y0
YCBA
10000100
10100110
0001010110111111
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( ( .
.
:AAA A 123 :
:A +1 = 12
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:4 .
.
.
.A, B, C
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:
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:1
2 :
YCBA
00001100
0010
1110
0001110100110111
3 .
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: : .
) ( . .
3.3 3.3 0 .
. )logic gate( . . )Boolean logic( )George Boole.( :
ANDORNOTNAND) AND( . AND . OR . NOT
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NAND. AND .
. )switch( )digital switch.( .
)metal-oxide semi-conductor field-effect transistor,MOSFET.(:
. 3.3 ) ( .5
. .
)on()off(offon .
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AND OR . AND. OR
.AND ) ( . . . OR . 2OR
. . . ) ( . .
IC. IC IC IC ( )
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)very large-scasleintegration,VLSI.( .
Intel4004 . )registers( )system clock.( . . )bit pattern( . . 16
16 . 32 32 64 . . . . )system clock.(
.
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. ) .)
)pipelining( )superscalarexecution.(
))pipelines . .
).)pipeline depth 4)(80286 80486 .
.MMX . .
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: Digital Ic
switching FET Binary Digit
3
NAND4 :TTL
Transistor Transis Logic :TTL low power TTL High Speed TTL Schottky TTLTTL
Vcc4.55
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TruthTable: 1\"1\"4 "\\"0
)( (relays )
..
.) )
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:switchingcounterscomputationdisplaymemory storagegatesflip flopdriver , bufferregistersmemory
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RAMrandom access memory .ROMread only memory
.
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:
Free MotherboardHalf cache .. " ... .. ...
. :
.AppleIBM IBM
.
DEFRAGSCANDISK .
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Cache RAM Full CacheHalf Cache!! Full cache
Intel128KBHalf cache512KBXeonCache2MBQuad Cache .....
!!"" MicroprocessorMacroprocessorXeon AI !!!! ".... Quad Cache !!!
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:
.
: Intel
( (AMD . ( .2.4
23( ) ( )43
66 100133400533342800 .4BC
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: Cache RAM 3
512KB 256KB.
: .. Chipset . 800 USB2 ..UDMA100
8xAGP PCI Built-in Mainboards
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.
( " Built-inMainboards(
.:RAM)( .
MB . RAMof256MB.
CACHE Cache 512K 4. DDRAM 400 DDRAM2 .667533
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: .
HardDisk 40 GB GB . UDMA)( . IDE
Serial ATASCSI.:
GeforcenVIDIA64MB
DirectX9MPEG .Resoulution
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: .. Dot Pitch 0.240.28 Digital Control .
. Thin Flat DisplaysLCD - TFT.:
.. .
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1.44MB: .3.5:
.
Optical . .
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: .. :
240V 450V .
... USB ..
: :DOT MATRIX INKJET
LASER. .
50%. . .
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. .:
.
:.
.
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:1.6865)((nForce2 )256MBDDR40GB .((US Robotics56K7200 rpm17.DVD-Rom/CD-RW
. .4.1
:43.0 800 875512MB2
60GB64MB Geforce 590019
0.24DVDCD-
RW
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: 21 SCSI USB2 .
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:..
..1..2..3..4..5